Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL
USING PARTICLE SIZE
ANALYSIS
Submitted by:
Abigai marie Guerrero
Romel Decenilla
Angelo Mangoba
Jesser Ramses Soller
1
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. TITLE PAGE 1
II. TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
III. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 3
IV. IMPORTANCE 4
V. OBJECTIVES 5
VI. METHODOLOGY 6
VII. COMPUTATION 7
VIII. DATA, RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 8
IX. OBSERVATION 9
X. CONCLUSION 10
XI. APPENDICES 11
DOCUMENTATION AND REFERENCES
2
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure
used (commonly used in civil engineering) to assess the particle size
distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material by allowing
the material to pass through a series of sieves of progressively
smaller mesh size and weighing the amount of material that is
stopped by each sieve as a fraction of the whole mass.
The size distribution is often of critical importance to the way
the material performs in use. A sieve analysis can be performed on
any type of non-organic or organic granular materials including
sands, crushed rock, clays, granite, feldspars, coal, soil, a wide range
of manufactured powders, grain and seeds, down to a minimum size
depending on the exact method. Being such a simple technique of
particle sizing, it is probably the most common.
3
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
IMPORTANCE
The importance of this method is to determine and classify
aggregates according to their sizes. Every particle plays a vital
role in construction where the soil must not be too rocky or too
sandy in accordance to the design of the mixture of soil.
Classifying aggregates according to their size using Sieve Analysis
is a common method used in soil testing.
4
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
OBJECTIVES
To determine the percentage of different sizes of soil
particles contained within a soil sample and to acquire the
particle size distribution of the soil sample in accordance to ASTM
D422-63
To determine the particle size distribution of the soil and the
fine aggregates by separating them using sieves arranged from
largest to smallest diameter to determine the percentage of
passing or retaining aggregates on sieves.
5
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
METHODOLOGY
Prepare a soil sample that has been dried using denatured alcohol. Weigh
and record the mass of the soil sample that has been prepared.
Prepare a set of clean sieves ranging from sieve no. 4 to no. 200 and an
empty pan. Ensure that the sieve opening sizes chosen are uniformly distributed.
For this experiment, sieves no. 4, 8, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 200 will be used.
Arrange the sieves starting from sieve no. 4 with a larger opening to sieve no.
200 with a smaller opening and put the pan at the bottom.
Carefully, put the soil sample on sieve no.4 and cover the top with a sieve lid.
In this case, the soil particle bigger than the passing/diameter will be retained.
Shake the set of sieves carefully for 15 minutes, make sure that the lid is well
closed for prevention of the sample to spill. The importance of this method of
shaking is to see the separated sample from large particle to smallest particle.
Disintegrate the set of sieves. Put the retained soil particle in a plastic bag
and weigh the retained sample. Make sure to put label especially the sieve
number where it retained and weigh the disintegrated sample, record the data for
further use.
Compute the cumulative mass retained above each sieve and percent
passing/ percent finer. Then graph the particle distribution curve using the
provided and computed data.
Compute the Distribution of gravel, sand and fines in percent, compute for
the effective size D₁₀, D3₀, D₆₀, Cu and Cc using the table and graph.
6
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
COMPUTATION
REQUIRED:
Effective Size, D₁₀
Uniformity Coefficient, Cu
Coefficient of Gradation, Cc
Sorting Coefficient, (So)
For D₁₀:
(0.42-0.25)÷(x-0.25)=[log(13.2)-log(6.4)]÷[log(10)-log(6.4)]
.·. D₁₀= 0.35 mm
For D₃₀:
(2.00-0.84)÷(x-0.84)=[log(41.3)-log(27.5)]÷[log(30)-log(27.5)]
.·. D₃₀= 1.09 mm
For D60:
(x-2.38)÷(4.76-2.38)=[log(60)-log(44.2)]÷[log(56.9)-log(44.2)]
.·. D60= 5.26 mm
For Cu
Cu = 5.26÷0.35 = 15.03
For Cc
Cc = (1.09)2÷(5.26×0.35) = 0.65
7
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DATA, RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Sieve Analysis Data Sheet
ASTM D422-63(2007)
Project
Tested By: Date: 8/29/2019
Name:
Checked
Location: Date:
By:
Test
Boring No:
Number:
Sample
Gnd Elev.:
Depth:
USCS Soil
Classification:
AASHTO Soil
Classification:
Weight of Weight of
Container Container &
(g): 54.0 Soil (g): 3395.0
Weight of
Dry Sample
(g): 3341.0
Mass of Soil
Sieve Diameter Mass of Sieve Soil Soil Passing
Sieve & Soil Retained
Number (mm) (g) Retained (g) (%)
(g) (%)
4 4.76 1440.0 43.1 56.9
8 2.38 425.0 12.7 44.2
10 2.00 95.0 2.8 41.3
20 0.84 460.0 13.8 27.5
40 0.42 480.0 14.4 13.2
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Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
60 0.25 225.0 6.7 6.4
80 0.18 80.0 2.4 4.0
100 0.15 40.0 1.2 2.8
200 0.074 75.0 2.2 0.6
Pan 20.0 0.6 0.0
TOTAL: 3340 100.0
GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVE
9
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
10
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
OBSERVATION
As we proceed to the following processes, we observed
that we can separate aggregates accordingly by sieve
analysis where the material whose diameter is smaller than
the opening pass through the sieves. We cannot classify a
soil sample if the sieves were not arranged accordingly from
larger diameter to smaller. We also observe that the lower
the percent passing at the upper sieve the less tendency we
can solve for the Uniform Coefficient, coefficient of
gradation and sorting coefficient, as stated in the graph
wherein 56.9% was the recorded percent passing of sieve
no. 4.
11
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that sieve analysis is the simple and
easy way to determine the particle size distribution
of aggregate and this sieve analysis procedure can
be used by people who are working in the laboratory
like government laboratory and private
independent laboratory. Thus, we can easily identify
and classify soil accordingly with the help of sieve
analysis.
12
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DOCUMENTATIONS AND REFERENCES
LOCATION OF SOIL (BLDG A)
QUARTERING
13
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
WEIGHED BEFORE DRIED AFTER DRYING USING DENATURED ALCOHOL
SET OF SIEVES
14
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
[Link]
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report
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