Laboratorio 4

Comunicación sincrónica Vía Satélite

 Esquema de la Red

WAN
[Link] /30
[Link]
Router 1 Router 2

[Link]
[Link] [Link]

Ethernet Ethernet

[Link]
[Link] LAN 1 LAN 2
[Link] /24 [Link] /24
 Configuración de la red
• PC: • Router:
– Dirección IP. – Dirección IP
– Mascara – Máscara
– Default Gateway De todas las interfaces

– Rutas estáticas
Herramientas para diagnósticos
 Ping
USO: Ping [Link] o dirección IP
Options:
• -t Ping the specifed host until interrupted.
• -a Resolve addresses to hostnames.
• -n count Number of echo requests to send.
• -l size Send buffer size.
• -f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet.
• -i TTL Time To Live.
• -v TOS Type Of Service.
• -r count Record route for count hops.
• -s count Timestamp for count hops.
• -j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
• -k host-list Strict source route along host-list.
• -w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.
 Tracert
USO: Tracert [Link] o dirección IP
Options:
• -d: Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.
• -h maximum_hops: Maximum number of hops to search for target.
• -j host-list: Loose source route along host-list.
• -w timeout: Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.
 Route
USO: Route Print
Sintaxis: ROUTE [-f] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway]]
• -f : Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this is used in conjunction
with one of the commands, the tables are cleared prior to running the command.
• command Specifies one of four commands
– PRINT Prints a route
– ADD Adds a route
– DELETE Deletes a route
– CHANGE Modifies an existing route
• Destination: Specifies the host to send command.
• MASK: If the MASK keyword is present, the next parameter is interpreted as the
netmask parameter.
• netmask: If provided, specifies a sub-net mask value to be associated with this
route entry. If not specified, if defaults to [Link].
• Gateway: Specifies gateway.
 Netstat
Sintaxis: NETSTAT [-a] [-e] [-n] [-s] [-p proto] [-r] [interval]

-A Displays all connections and listening ports. (Server-side

connections are normally not shown).
-E Displays Ethernet statistics. This may be combined with the -s
option.
-N Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form.
-P proto Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto; proto
May be tcp or udp. If used with the -s option to display
per-protocol statistics, proto may be tcp, udp, or ip.
-R Displays the contents of the routing table.
-S Displays per-protocol statistics. By default, statistics are
shown for TCP, UDP and IP; the -p option may be used to specify
A subset of the default.
interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds
between each display. Press CTRL+C to stop redisplaying
statistics. If omitted, netstat will print the current
configuration information once.
 Arp
ARP -s inet_addr eth_addr [if_addr]
ARP -d inet_addr [if_addr]
ARP -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr]

-a Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the current

protocol data. If inet_addr is specified, the IP and Physical
addresses for only the specified computer are displayed. If
More than one network interface uses ARP, entries for each
ARP table are displayed.
-g Same as -a.
inet_addr Specifies an internet address.
 Arp Cont.
-N if_addr Displays the ARP entries for the network interface specified
by if_addr.
-D Deletes the host specified by inet_addr.
-S Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr
with the Physical address eth_addr. The Physical address is
given as 6 hexadecimal bytes separated by hyphens. The entry
is permanent.
eth_addr Specifies a physical address.
if_addr If present, this specifies the Internet address of the
interface whose address translation table should be modified.
If not present, the first applicable interface will be used.
Winipcfg
 IPCONFIG
C:\>ipconfig /?

USO:
ipconfig [/? | /all | /renew [adapter] | /release [adapter] |
/flushdns | /displaydns | /registerdns |
/showclassid adapter |
/setclassid adapter [classid] ]

Opciones:
/? muestra la ayuda
/all muestra toda la información de configuración.
/release libera la dirección IP para el adaptador específico.
/renew renueva la dirección IP para el adaptador específico.
/flushdns purga la caché de resolución de DNS.
/registerdns actualiza todas las concesiones y vuelve a registrar los
nombres DNS.
/displaydns muestra el contenido de la caché de resolución DNS.
/showclassid muestra todas las id. de clase dhcp permitidas para
este adaptador.
/setclassid modifica la id. de clase dhcp.
Configuración de Router Cisco
 Router Cisco
• Serie 2500
– 2501: 1 ethernet, 2 seriales (2Mbps sync), 1
async (38.4Kbps) p/ backup
– 2511: 1 ethernet, 2 seriales (2Mbps sync), 16
async (115.2Kbps)
– 2520: 1 ethernet, 2 seriales (2Mbps sync), 2
async (115.2Kbps)
 Modos de comandos
• Modo usuario:
• Mostrar información del router.
• Realizar test básicos.
• Modo Privilegiado:
• Configurar párametros operativos.
• Modo Configuración:
• Configurar rutas, interfaces, etc..
• Modo usuario
– “Proceso de login” --> Router>
– Router> logout

• Modo privilegiado
– Router> enable --> Router#
– Router# disable
– Router> quit
Comandos Básicos
• Help
• Show
• Configure
• Write
 Sintaxis de Comandos
• Comandos abreviados:
• Se pueden tipear algunos caracteres
– Sh => show

• Deshacer o deshabilitar un comando

– router# no comando
• Errores
– % Incomplete command
– % Invalid input detected at ‘^’ marker
 Comando Help
• router# help
• router# comando_abreviado?
– router# co?
– configure connect copy
• Sintaxis
– router# comando ?
• router# configure ?
– memory
– network
– terminal
– <cr>
 Comando show
Muestra información del sistemas las
interfaces, las rutas, etc.

Ejemplos:
- show interface
- show version
- sh run
- sh ip route
- sh ip int brief
 Router# show ip route
• Router# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is [Link] to network [Link]

[Link]/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

S [Link] [1/0] via [Link]
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet0
[Link]/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, Serial0
S* [Link]/0 [1/0] via [Link]
 show interfaces
• Router# show interfaces
Ethernet 0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is MCI Ethernet, address is 0000.0c00.750c (bia
0000.0c00.750c)
Internet address is [Link], subnet mask is [Link]
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 100000 usec, rely 255/255,
load 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout [Link]
Last input [Link], output [Link], output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters [Link]
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
Five minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
---More---
 Modo configuración
• Permite configurar interfaces y rutas.
• Entrar al modo configuración:
– Router# configure [terminal]-->
Router(config)#
• Salir del modo configuración:
– Router(config)# exit --> Router#
– Router(config)# CTRL-Z (o end) -->
Router#
 Configuración de Interfaces
• Router(config)# interface tipo nbr -->

• Fast ethernet:
interface fastethernet 0
ip address [Link] [Link]
no shutdown
• Serie
interface serial 0
ip address [Link] mask [Link]
no shutdown
 Configuración de rutas
• Router(config)#
ip route Red destino máscara next_hop

• Configuración de una ruta estática:

ip route [Link] [Link] [Link]
• Verificar la configuración:
Router# sh interface
Router# sh ip route
• Grabar los cambios
– Router# write
• Salir del router
– Router# logout
 Ping (Cisco)
Router# ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: [Link]
Repeat count [5]:
Datagram size [100]: 1000
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Extended commands [n]: yes
Source address:
Type of service [0]:
Set DF bit in IP header? [No]: yes
Data pattern [0xabcd]:
Loose, Strict, record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 1000-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
M.M.M
Success rate is 60 percent, round-trip min/avg/max = 4/6/12 ms
 Ping (Cisco) Cont.
Ping test characters
Significado de cada carácter.

! Each exclamation point indicates receipt of a reply.

. Each period indicates the network server timed out while waiting
For a reply.
U destination unreachable error PDU received.
N network unreachable.
P protocol unreachable.
Q source quench.
M could not fragment.
? Unknown packet type.
 Trace (Cisco)
Router#trace [Link]
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to [Link] ([Link])
1 [Link] ([Link]) 1000 msec 8 msec 4 msec
2 [Link] ([Link]) 8 msec 8 msec 8 msec
3 [Link] ([Link]) 8 msec 4 msec 4 msec
4 [Link] ([Link]) 8 msec 8 msec 8 msec
5 [Link] ([Link]) 12 msec 12 msec 8 msec
6 [Link] ([Link]) 216 msec 120 msec 132 msec
7 [Link] ([Link]) 412 msec 628 msec 664 msec
 Trace (Cisco) Cont.
Trace test characters
Char meaning
Nn msec the probe was successfully returned in nn milliseconds.
* The probe timed out.
? Unknown packet type.
Q source quench.
P protocol unreachable.
N network unreachable.
U host unreachable.