SECTION 68
GEOTEXTILE
The geotextile protection layer for the geomembrane shall be made by a needle punching process
using staple fibres and should have the following physical properties:
Property Unit Test Standard
Nominal Mass g/m2 ASTM D 5261 150 200 300
Thickness at2Kpa mm ASTM D 5199 1.3 1.6 1.9
Physical - - Staple fiber needle-punched nonwoven Geotextile
Characteristics
Polymer 100% Polypropylene, UV stabilized
UV Resistance >70% of strength retention
Chemical & - - High resistance to chemicals in pH range of 2-13 and
Biological resistance resistance to biological organisms normally
found in the soil.
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength kN/m ISO 10319 9/10 11/13 16/18.5
(MD/CD)
Tensile Elongation % ISO 10319 50/50 55/55 55/55
(MD/CD)
CBR Puncture N ISO 12236 1500 2050 3100
Resistance
Performance Energy KN/m Calculated 2.25 2.75 4
Grab strength N ASTM D 4632 550/600 720/770 1080/1180
(MD/CD)
Grab % ASTM D 4632 60/60 60/60 60/60
elongation(MD/CD)
Index puncture N ASTM D 4833 320 420 680
resistance
Trapezoidal tear N ASTM D 4533 235 320 450
(Weaker Direction)
Hydraulic Properties
Water flow normal to L/m2/s ISO11058 100 80 55
plane ( 50mm Head)
Permeability Cm/s ASTMD4491 0.26 0.26 0.21
Permittivity s-1 ASTMD4491 2.0 1.6 1.1
Apparent opening um ASTMD4751 212 212 150
Size (AOS)
Characteristic opening um ISO 12956 130 115 90
size
Physical Properties
S68-1
Roll width m - 4.5 4.5 4.5
Roll length m - 100 100 100
Net Roll weight kg - 67.5 90 135
Color White
Individual results may vary up to -10 %. Individual results shall be deemed as the average of
samples taken across the width of the mat.
The geotextile shall be supplied wrapped in black plastic sheeting to avoid the effects of UV
radiation. Each roll shall be given its own unique number for the purposes of quality control. The
name and grade of the geotextile shall be printed at about 2 m spacing on the top surface of the
geotextile using indelible ink to aid identification.
The results of the manufacturer’s tests shall be supplied with the deliveries and be passed on to
the Engineer by the contractor. The costs for testing are to be calculated into the geotextile rate.
Handling. The geotextile shall only be handled using stingers, spreader bars or double slings
which do not damage the plastic wrapping or the geotextile.
Storage. The rolls shall be stored not more than 6 rolls high. Any damaged wrapping is to be
repaired immediately at the contractor's cost.
Installation. The plastic wrapping shall be removed only immediately prior to the installation.
The geotextile is to be unrolled using spreader bars etc so that the edges of the rolls are not
damaged. The surface beneath shall be prepared so that the geotextile shall not be damaged
subsequently by this surface. Once unrolled the geotextile shall not be driven directly upon by
site equipment. A minimum of 300 mm drainage material shall be installed on the geotextile
prior to trafficking by plant within 7 days of the geotextile being installed. The subsequently
installed geotextile rolls shall overlap the installed rolls by a minimum of 300 mm. The overlaps
shall be free of foreign material e. g. particles from the drainage material etc. The size of the
overlap can be reduced to 100 mm if the geotextiles are thermally welded together with a hot air
gun. This method shall not cause holes to be burnt in the geotextiles. The installed geotextile
shall be secured agianst wind effects so that the geotextile and any underlying geomembrane
shall not be damaged. Damaged areas of geotextiles shall be covered with an additional layer of
the specified geotextile, overlaps minimum 300 mm. The installation of the geotextile shall not
damage any underlying geomembranes. Any damage to the geomembrane noticed during the
installation of the geotextile shall be notified to the Engineer by the contractor. Such damaged
areas are not to be covered until the damage has been repaired to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
S68-2
The geotextile cover material shall be installed in such a way that the overlaps shall not be
opened by the cover material. The cover material installation shall not stretch the geotextile
layer. When the vehicles supplying the cover material have to drive over the same area of the
geotextile additional steps shall be taken by the contractor, at his own cost, to avoid damaging
the geotextile. This may be achieved by installing a thicker cover layer in this area. On slopes the
cover material shall be installed from the bottom of the slope upwards.
The contractor shall make a plan of the installed geotextiles, marking the location of each roll
and noting the roll number on the plan. The costs for making this plan shall be calculated into the
geotextile price. The plan shall be given to the Engineer.
S68-3
