International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 1 | Jan 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID SPEED BREAKER

Runal P. Pawar1, Shruti Donode2, Prafulsingh Chouhan3, Satendrakumar Bopche4, Pranali
Ramteke5, Prof. Pooja J. Chavhan6
1,2,3,4,5B.E.
Department of Civil Engineering, M.I.E.T. Shahapur, Bhandara, India
6Asst. Professors, Dept. of Civil Engineering, M.I.E.T. Shahapur, Bhandara, India
----------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - A speeding vehicle can be a threat to other road travelling at the design speed limit or below, these
users particularly on roads where connection between conventional speed breakers can take a toll on a vehicle's
motorized and non-motorized traffic is high, such as mechanical components, such as the shock absorbers and
residential roads, school and community zones. Even though steering system.
speed limit signs are located, much is left to the ethics of
drivers whether they should abide by them. Hence, controlling This research relates to a traffic control device sensitive to
vehicular speed is an important outcome in traffic the speed of a vehicle. The ideal situation is that if the vehicle
management. One way of controlling speed is to use speed travels at a low speed, the stiffness of the non Newtonian
breaker which produces distress while driver experiences fluid speed breaker reduces to ease the vehicles passes
while crossing over it. It plays a decisive role in implementing without any bounce or jump. However if the vehicle exceeds
speed limits, thereby preventing over speeding of vehicles. It the design minimum speed the non Newtonian fluid speed
considerably assists to the overall road safety objective breaker stiffness increases and the vehicle receive a
through the prevention of accidents. Newtonian fluid speed considerable jump. This speed control device will also allow
breaker reduces the speed of any over speeding vehicles emergency vehicles to pass speed breaker without having to
travelling on a roadway. It is formed by at least one hollow reduce their speed which in turn will reduce their response
band of ductile material. Each vessel is filled with a dilatants time to emergencies.
shear-thickening fluid. If the vehicle travels at a low speed the
fluid has a low viscosity and the strip is easily deformed,
whereas if the speed of the vehicle is high the viscosity of the
fluid is high and as a result has great resistance to
deformation, thus forming a rigid obstacle to the movement of
the vehicle. Drivers must slow down when driving over the
conventional speed breaker to prevent damage to their
vehicle. However, the Non Newtonian fluid speed breaker is
sensitive to the speed of the vehicle. The vehicle needs to slow
down only if it is over speeding.
1.1 BASICS OF SPEED BREAKERS
Key Words: Non Newtonian Fluid Speed Breaker, Speed
Breaker, Non –Newtonian Fluid, Advance speed bump, A speed breaker is a hump surface across the pavement
Liquid Breaker, Traffic calming measures. having a rounded shape with width greater than the wheel
base of most of the vehicles using road. The various types of
1. INTRODUCTION speed breakers are:

Traffic calming measures are pretty common in modern a) Speed bump

society. Traffic calming measures are physical design
approach that cultivate or force motorists to drive slow and Speed bumps are the instruments that use the raised
specific speed. They prevent vehicle from speeding and can deflection on the road to slow down the moving traffic. They
increase overall road safety. Traffic calming can also make are capable to reduce speeds of the vehicles to around 40
streets more convenient and comfortable for other users kmph for roads and/or 8 to 16 kmph for car parking. They
such as pedestrians, cyclists and nearby residents. The main are normally 1 to 3 feet long and 7 to 15 cm high. The speed
purpose of traffic calming measures is to prevent vehicle bumps reduce speed broadly, avoid accidents and reduce
from speeding and create a safer and secure traffic severity of crash. However the provision of bumps may
environment. Speed breakers are type of measures that is creates significant discomfort to drivers as well as
constantly used to prevent vehicle from speeding in passengers, increased damage to the vehicle, increases
residential areas. A conventional speed breaker usually response time of emergency services, it requires additional
consists of a concrete or asphalt hump construct in the road. road markings and traffic signs and it increase in traffic noise
They are designed to be driven over at a design comfortable and pollution.
speed, while causing exceeding agitate at higher speeds.
Drivers must slow down when driving over this speed
breaker to prevent damage to their vehicle. However, even if

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 32
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 1 | Jan 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Length

Length is the most significant speed breaker geometric

design parameter. Effective breakers should be as long as an
automobile wheelbase to isolate the impacts of entering and
exiting the breakers for these vehicles. Longer speed
breakers should be used if heavier vehicles are expected. In
general, longer breakers exhibit better characteristics for
speed reduction. Longer breakers may be even better suited
for heavy loaded vehicles, although upper limits have not
been dynamically demonstrate.
Fig: Speed bump

b) Speed hump Width

Speed breakers can either span the entire width of a road or

The speed humps are circular, raised areas placed over the
taper short of the curb or road edge. The advantage of the
roads. They are normally 10 to 14 feet in length in the
closing approach in an urban setting is that drainage at the
direction of travel and is 7 to 10 cm high thus making them
curb and gutter is not affected, and installations are
dissimilar from the speed bumps. The profile of a speed
therefore less expensive. Drivers can attempt to exploit
hump can be rounded, parabolic or sinusoidal. They are
tapered as they reach the kerb on each end to permit proper reduced widths and maneuvers around breakers unless
drainage. Speed humps are fit where low speeds are desired. preventative measures are taken.
Speed humps create a rough ride for drivers as well as Height
passengers and can cause severe pain for people. They
enforce large vehicles, such as emergency vehicles and those
Speed breaker heights can affect the magnitudes of vertical
with rigid suspensions, to travel at slower speeds, they may accelerations and the maximum levels of perceived
increase noise and air pollution and have questionable
discomfort. High breakers, may cause damage to vehicle
aesthetics. undermanage as they exit the measures. Low breakers can
be ineffective. Heights range from 50 to 120 mm, with the
most common being 75 or 100 mm.

Spacing

High breaker crossing speeds can lead to high speeds

between breakers, as can large distances between them.
Since an objective of traffic calming is to reduce vehicle
speeds over entire streets, the layout design or spacing of
speed breakers is a key factor to be considered. Previous
research from several countries suggests that to achieve
Fig: Speed hump overall speeds of 25 to 30 km/h, speed breakers should be
placed between 40 and 60 meters apart. Maximum spacing,
1.2 Speed Breaker Parameters up to 100 meters, can be used for speeds of 50 km/h.
Breakers spacing can be increased with the presence of
Speed breakers can be completely described using several additional traffic calming measures.
geometric and layout design parameters. Length, height,
profile and width are the geometric design parameters. The Materials, Marking and Sign location
layout design parameters are speed breaker spacing and
type of materials, marking and sign location. Speed breakers with all speed reducing measures should be
highly visible to warn drivers to lower speeds and avoid
Profile vehicle damage or loss of control. This critically eliminates
the potential for any legal liability on the part of the public
The effects of speed breaker profile, particularly the impacts road authority. Most countries have developed special signs
of varying the slopes of the entry and exit ramps, have not and markings for their speed breaker installations, and pre-
been examined as thoroughly as length or height. Research is warnings, design speed signs, contrasting materials and
ongoing to determine the optimal ramp slopes for various protective bollards are usually employed.
speed bump designs, particularly trapezoidal breakers.
Circular, trapezoidal and sinusoidal speed bumps of
equivalent dimensions have been found to perform about
equally well, although the Dutch regard sinusoidal breakers
as having the best dynamic characteristics at higher speeds.

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 33
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 1 | Jan 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

1.3 Problems associate with conventional speed Speed Reduction Due To Breakers
braker
Speed depression is the factor or percentage with
 The conventional speed brakers are very heavy and, which the vehicle speed has been reduced from its
once in place, are typically permanent fixtures on approaching speed i.e. speed from the distance of 10m away
the roadway. In order to remove conventional from the speed breaker.
speed brakers, the speed brakers must be broken
up and the roadway repaired where the speed Reduction due to breaker height with respect to vehicles:
brakers used to be.
 Speed brakers are that they often cause spinal Breaker Types of Reduction at Reduction at
damage or aggravate chronic backache due to the height vehicles breaker (in 10m away
constant shocks suffered while traversing the speed %) from breaker
brakers. (in %)
 A conventional speed braker usually consists of a
concrete or asphalt hump formed in the road. 100mm 4- wheelers 69.93 33.46
Drivers must slow down when driving over these
75 mm 4- wheelers 57.02 25.15
speed brakers to prevent damage to their vehicle.
However, even if travelling at the design speed limit 100 mm 2-Wheelers 62.01 31
or below, these conventional speed brakers can take
a toll on a vehicle's mechanical components. 75 mm 2-Wheelers 60.42 33
 Additional criticism of speed brakers includes their
effect on emergency vehicles. Response time is
slowed by 3–5 seconds per braker for fire trucks Reduction due to the type of vehicles:
and fire engines and up to10 seconds for
ambulances with patients on board. Types of Reduction at Reduction at
 Also there is an increase in sound pollution from vehicles breaker (in %) 10m away from
braking and acceleration of vehicles on streets with breaker (in %)
speed humps, particularly from buses and trucks.
They end up increasing noise levels where they are 4-wheelers 61.79 30.3
implemented.
 Therefore, it would be advantageous to provide a 2-wheelers 61.23 32.01
traffic control device that reduces or eliminates at
least some of the problems associated with >4wheelers 57.74 19.09
conventional speed brakers. The “Non Newtonian
fluid speed braker” aims to overcome all these short
comings of the conventional speed control devices. Distribution of Vehicles Against Speed Reduction:

Cumulative distribution of the vehicles for the different

1.4 AVERAGE SPEED PROFILE reduction in speed in term of percentage with respect to the
approaching speed at the distance of 10m from the bump is
shown in figure 6. Almost over 80% of vehicles speed was
reduction by 65% with respect to their approaching speed.

Fig: Average Speed Profile

 For vehicles across speed breaker the speed

reduction at breaker is 61.06% whereas at 10 m Fig: Distribution of vehicles against speed reduction across
distance from breaker its 28.8%. breakers

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 34
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 1 | Jan 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Graphical Comparisons

Fig: Reduction due to 2 and 4-wheelers

Fig: Wheelers comparison with breaker height For Comparison Between 4-Wheelers And Vehicles> 4-
Wheelers:
 For cars across 100 mm height breaker the speed
reduction at breaker is 63.93% whereas 75 mm
height breaker its 57.02%.
 For cars 100 mm height breaker the speed
reduction at distance 10m is 33.46% whereas 75
mm height breaker its 25.15%.

FOR Bikes Comparison With Breaker Height:

Fig: Reduction due to 4 and >4-wheelers

 For vehicles > 4wheelers across breaker the speed

reduction at breaker is 57.74% whereas for 4-
wheelers its 61.79%.
 For vehicles > 4wheelers across breaker the speed
reduction at distance 10m is 19.09% whereas for 4-
Fig: Reduction due to breaker height for 2-wheelers wheelers its 30.3%.

For Comparison Between Bikes And Vehicles> 4-

 For bikes across 100 mm height breaker the speed Wheelers:
reduction at breaker is 62.01% whereas 75 mm
height breaker its 60.42%.
 For bikes across 100 mm height breaker the speed
reduction at distance 10m is 31% whereas 75 mm
height breaker its 33%.

For Comparison between 4-Wheelers and Bikes:

 For cars across breaker the speed reduction at

breaker is 63.78% whereas for bikes its 61.22%.
 For cars across breaker the speed reduction at
distance 10m is 33% whereas for bikes its 32%.

Fig: Reduction due to 2 and >4-wheelers

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 35
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 1 | Jan 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

 For vehicles > 4wheelers across breaker the speed The distribution of the vehicle speed at the distance
reduction at breaker is 57.74% whereas for bikes its of 10m is shown in fig. As illustrated in fig, higher percentage
60.4%. of vehicles>4-wheelers is traveling over breakers beyond a
 For vehicles > 4wheelers across breaker the speed certain speed as compared to 4-wheelers and 2-wheelers.
reduction at distance 10m is 19.09% whereas for For example, about 60% of 4-wheelers at the distance of
bikes its 33%. 10m from breaker at speeds of 32 kmph or below while only
whereas only 20% of 2-wheeler are in the same category.
Speed Over Breaker
There is a wide range of speeds when vehicles pass 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
over the road breaker indicating that there is a variation in
the response of drivers to the existence of the breaker. The 1) Catherine Berthod, Engineer and Urban Planner
response could range from full compliance to the purpose of Minister Des Transports du Québec Annual Conference
having the breaker (i.e. to slow down traffic) to that of utter of the Transportation Association of Canadian
disregard of the breaker (even though by not slowing down Edmonton, Alberta
enough may cause a certain level of discomfort to vehicle To respond to this need, the ministered des Transports du
occupants). The average speed over breaker for cars and Québec has begun publishing a series of fact sheets on a
motorcycles are illustrated in terms of cumulative variety of traffic calming measures including: speed humps
frequencies as shown in figure. and speed cushions, raised crosswalks and intersections,
In general, it is found that the average speed over neck downs (curb extensions at intersections),the reduction
breaker differs between types of vehicles. As illustrated in of the width of streets, centre islands and chicanes. A general
Figure 2, higher percentage of vehicles>4-wheelers is fact sheet present all of the measures and notably outlines
travelling over breakers beyond a certain speed as compared the procedure for pre-implementation analysis. Each fact
to 4-wheelers and 2-wheelers. For example, about 99% of sheet earmark to an individual measure outlines the
vehicles >4-wheelers pass over breaker at speeds of 12 implementation context, advantages and disadvantages,
Kmph or below while only about 60% of 4-wheelers whereas geometric characteristics, effectiveness at reducing speed,
only 20% of 2-wheeler are in the same category. and maintenance requirements, including winter
maintenance. The presentation will present the first two
published fact sheets: the general fact sheet and the fact
sheet on speed breakers and speed cushions. The fact sheets
as well as examples of measures implemented in
municipalities are available on the ministered des
Transports website at under Partenaires – Municipalities –
Securities routière.Speed control is a key factor in road
safety. It is for this reason that the ministered hopes to
support municipal initiatives related to the use of traffic
calming measures. By issuing these fact sheets, stakeholders
will have easy access to pertinent information as well as
concrete examples to help them design the solution best
suited to every situation. The fact sheet on neck downs (curb
extensions at intersections) will be available shortly.
Fig: Vehicles speed distribution over breaker
2) The influence of speed bumps heights to the decrease
Speed On Approaching Breaker of the vehicle speed ,Belgrade experience Boris Antić,
Dalibor Pešić, Milan Vujanić .Krsto Lipovac
In the residential zones where a large number of pedestrians
and other vulnerable road users are expected, like school
zones, it is necessary to decrease the speed to such a level
that the risk of susceptibility is the lowest possible. One of
the commonly accepted and often implemented speed
decrease measures is vertical rising of the road pavement
(speed bumps, speed humps, etc.). This work shows the
affects of speed bumps of different heights (3, 5 and 7 cm) to
the decrease of vehicle speed. Speed measurements had
been done before speed breakers were installed, 1 day and
1 month after the installation. Applying ANOVA analysis and
post hoc analysis, using Turkey–Kramer’s multiple
comparison test, a comparison was made of mean, 50th
Fig: Vehicles speed distribution for approaching percentile and 85th percentile speed, before and after speed

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 36
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 1 | Jan 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

bumps setting. It has been shown that there is a eloquent

speed decrease on the places where speed bumps were set,
compared to the period before setting. Based on the research
results, it was suggested that on the locations where
susceptible road users are extremely endangered, speed
bumps 5 and 7 cm high should be set, whereas at less
endangered locations speed breakers 3 cm high could be set.
Also, it has been shown that the effects of speed breakers on
speed decrease are enduring, because there has not been any
significant deviation in vehicle speeds neither 1 day nor
1 month after speed breakers setting.
Fig: Acrylic

3. METHODOLOGY
ii) Oobleck
3.1 Materials Oobleck is a fluid material which acts as a suspension of
cornstarch and water that can behave like a solid or a liquid
a) Non Newtonian Fluid depending on how much pressure you apply. If you grab
oobleck in your hand, and it feel like a solid ball in your palm
A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid that does not obey Newton's after you release the pressure. Then, it will slip out from
law of viscosity, i.e. constant viscosity independent of stress. your fingers. Materials are that behave as non-Newtonian
In non-Newtonian fluids, viscosity can vary when under fluid because their flow properties are not described by a
force to either more liquid or more solid. For example, constant viscosity. The name Oobleck originated from the
Ketchup becomes liquid when shaken and is thus a non- 1949 children’s book, Bartholomew and the Oobleck, by Dr.
Newtonian fluid. Many solutions including salt and molten Seuss.
polymers are non-Newtonian fluids.

Generally, the viscosity the gradual deformation by

stresses (shear or tensile) of non-Newtonian fluids is
dependent on shear rate. Some non-Newtonian fluids with
shear-independent viscosity, however, still show normal
stress-differences or other non-Newtonian behaviour. The
relation between the stress and the shear rate is linear in a
Newtonian fluid, run through the origin, the constant of
proportionality being the coefficient of viscosity. The
relation between the shear stress and the shear rate is
different in a non-Newtonian fluid. The fluids can even Fig: Oobleck
show time-dependent viscosity. Therefore, a constant
coefficient of viscosity cannot be determined.
b) Kevlar
In fluid mechanics the concept of viscosity is commonly used
to characterize the shear properties of a fluid, it can be
Kevlar is a heat-resistant and strong synthetic fiber, related
inadequate to describe non-Newtonian fluids.
to other aramids such as Nomex and Technocrat. Kevlar is a
replacement for steel in racing tires. Typically it is spunk into
i) Acrylic ropes or fabric sheets that can be used as such or as an
ingredient in composite material components. Kevlar is used
Acrylic is a fast-drying liquid made of pigment suspended in in bicycle tyres and racing sails to bulletproof vests, because
acrylic polymer emulsion. Acrylic is water-soluble, but of its high tensile strength-to-weight ratio by this measure it
become water-resistant when dry. Depending on how much is 5 times stronger than steel.
the liquid is diluted with water, or modified with acrylic gels,
mediums, or pastes, the finished acrylic can resemble a
watercolours, a gouache have its own unique characteristics
not achievable with other media. Acrylic is typically used for
craft or in art classes in schools because it does not require
any chemicals, and rinses away with just water.

Fig: Kevlar

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 37
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 1 | Jan 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

c) Synthetic rubber 0.8

A synthetic rubber is any artificial elastomer. These are Shear Thickening Fluid
0.6
mainly polymers synthesized from petroleum byproducts.
Synthetic rubber, like natural rubber, has uses in the 0.4
automobile industry for tyres, door and window profiles,

Stress
Shear
0.2
hoses, belts, matting, and flooring.
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Shear Rate
Fig: Shear thickening fluid graph

The non-Newtonian fluid acts as controlling the resistance

by the strip to its deformation. It depends on the speed of the
wheels of the vehicle on it. Thus, if the vehicle travels at a
low speed the fluid has a low viscosity and the strip is easily
deformed, whereas if the speed of the vehicle is high the
viscosity of the fluid is high and as a result has great
Fig: synthetic rubber resistance to deformation, thus forming a rigid obstacle to
the passage of the vehicle. Thus the speed of the vehicle is
controlled due to the combined effect of non-Newtonian
3.2 Design and Implementation fluids and their flow via narrow conduits.

Speed Breaker – Body and Containing Fluid

The speed breaker includes an outer cover and a

bottom plate. The bottom plate may include more than one
fastening holes. The breaker can be either permanently or
temporarily placed to a roadway with bolts, screws. The
cover can be formed of reinforced rubber material. The
cover encloses with Non Newtonian fluid, which reversibly
hardens or stiffens in response to an applied pressure and
goes back to its original form when the pressure is relieved.
The housings are in the form of elongated, hollow, flexible Fig: Non – Newtonian fluid speed breaker
tubes having closed ends.
Reflector
The tubes are made up of either polymeric or
rubber material. The flexible tubes are filled with a non- Reflectors are placed on the road leading to the
Newtonian fluid .If the vehicle travels at a low speed, fluid is speed breaker. The safety reflector is meant for pedestrians,
moved and breaker is deformed, depression of the strip motorized and non-motorized vehicles. It aids visibility of a
occurs in the area in which the wheels pass over, forming a person or vehicle, as it reflects light from headlights of
small obstacle to the passage of the vehicle. However, if the vehicles .The reflector is manufactured in the form of a
speed of the vehicle is high then the fluid has no time to moulded tile of transparent plastic. The outside surface is
displace and a considerably smaller depression occurs. plane, allowing light, such as from a car's headlights, to enter.
Hence the strip forms a step with greater height, causing the Due to the aspect of the other inside surfaces, any light
vehicle to jump, warning the driver about his excess speed. internally reflecting is directed back out the front of the
The fluids used to fill the housings are non-Newtonian fluids. reflector in the direction it came from. This alerts the person
A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid the viscosity of which varies close to the light source, in this case, the driver of the vehicle,
with the pressure gradient applied. As a result, a non- to the presence of the speed breaker.
Newtonian fluid does not have a defined and constant
viscosity value, like a Newtonian fluid. The Non Newtonian Working of Breaker
fluid acts like a fluid below a critical shear rate but above the
critical shear rate, the material acts like a solid. The speed breaker can be either permanently or temporarily
placed at a desired location, such as in street or roadway.
The material in the tubes can be selected based on a desired
shear rate. The shear rate selected will correspond to
predetermined vehicle speed. When a vehicle rolls over the
breaker below the predetermined speed i.e. below the
critical shear rate of the material, the material remains in

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 38
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 1 | Jan 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

fluid form and the weight of the vehicle compresses the Installation Cost High Low
outer cover and the tubes.
Maintenance Cost High Low
Spinal Damage
Medical Problem Or Aggravate
Not Damaged
Arise Chronic
Backache
Weight Heavy Light
Response Time Of Slow Down (3- Does Not
Emergency Vehicle 10sec /Breaker) Affect
Traffic Noise
Increase Decrease
Pollution
Fig: Deformation of breaker
RESULT AND CONCLUSION
When the vehicle has passed over the breaker, the breaker
returns to its original shape. Thus, below the speed limit,  The Non -Newtonian fluid speed breaker help in
little impact is felt by the driver. Therefore, if the vehicle is increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles up to a
traveling under the selected speed limit which will provide a large extent.
shear rate less than the critical shear rate however, in the  Vehicles need not come to a complete halt in from of
event a vehicle impacts the speed breaker at a speed above speed breaker, reducing traffic congestion.
the predetermined speed that is, providing a shear rate  The installation cost and maintenance cost of non
above the critical shear rate, the viscosity of the non Newtonian fluid speed breaker is comparatively low
Newtonian fluid increases. as compare to conventional speed breaker.
 It does not damage on a vehicle's mechanical
The fluid material acts as a solid and the speed breaker components, such as the shock absorbers and
substantially retains the speed breaker shape. The speed steering system if the vehicle is following the speed
breaker in this scenario acts similarly to a conventional limit.
speed breaker and the driver of the vehicle exceeding the  The setup is completely mobile and can be installed
selected speed limit will experience a breaker or jerk as within an hour.
would be felt with a conventional speed breaker.  The installation process does not require technically
skilled person.
4. COMPARISION BETWEEN CONVETIONAL SPEED  It helps in reducing traffic noises.
BREAKER ANF NON- NEWTONIAN FLUID SPEED
BREAKER REFERENCES

1) L. R. Kadiyali, Traffic Engineering and Transport

Non-
Characteristics Of Conventional Newtonian Planning, 2015, pp 456.
Breaker Speed Breaker Fluid Speed
Breaker 2) Rahul Bagchi, “Traffic calming measures”,
International Journal of Chemical, Environment and
Nature Permanent Mobile Biological Sciences (IJCEBS), Volume 1, 2013.
Not Sensitive To
Sensitivity Sensitive 3) IRC: 99 – 1988, “Tentative Guidelines On The
Speed Of Vehicle
Provision Of Speed Breakers For Control Of
Slow – Only Vehicular Speeds On Minor Roads”.
Slow- Every
Speed Restriction When It Over
Condition 4) Roger W. Louson, “The Objections to Speed
Speeding
Humps”, Published by the Bromley Borough Roads
Fuel Efficiency Of Action Group, October 2003.
Decrease Increase
Vehicle
Toll On Mechanical 5) Geetam Tiwari, “Indian case study of traffic calming
Components Of Yes No measures on National and State highways”,
Vehicle Transportation Research and Injury Prevention
Program, 2009.
Installation Method Technical Skilled No Technical
Requirement Labour Skilled Labour 6) K. Subramanya , Tata McGraw-Hill Education
,Hydraulic Machines
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 39
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 1 | Jan 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

7) ITE. "Traffic Calming Measures – Speed Hump”.

Institute of Transportation Engineers.

8) Sahoo P. K., "Geometric Design of Speed Control

Breakers," International Journal of Advanced
Technology, 2009.

9) Ponnaluri Raj V, And Groce Paul W., “Operational

Effectiveness of Speed Bumps in Traffic Calming,” It
Journal, July 2005.

10) Zaidel D., Hakkert A.S., And Pistiner A.H., "The Use
Of Road Breakers For Moderating Speeds On Urban
Streets.," Accident Analysis And Prevention, Vol. 24

11) Ashish Gupta [2014]; Study on Speed Profile across

Speed Bumps Department of Civil Engineering;
National Institute of Technology Rourkela.

12) Ndhlovu Pardon and Chigwenya Average, “The

Effectiveness Of Traffic Calming Measures In
Reducing Road Carnage In Masvingo Urban”,
International Journal of Scientific Knowledge, June
2013.

13) Himmat S. Chadda, M. ASCE and Seward E. Cross,

“Speed (Road) Breakers: Issues”, Journal of
Transportation Engineering, July 1985.

14) M C Gameiro da Silva, “Measurement of comfort in

vehicles”, Article in Measurement Science and
Technology, April 2002.

15) Philip A. Weber, Towards a Canadian Standard for

the Geometric Design of Speed Breakers, Dept. of
CivilEngg., Carleton University, Ottawa, , April, 1998

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 40