Design of R.C.
C Drains without Vehicular Live Load
[Link] Data:
a) Dimension Detail
Clear Span of the Drain : 0.60 m
Height of the Drain : 0.90 m
Thickness of Top-slab : 0.10 m
Thickness of Wall : 0.15 m
Thickness of Bottom Slab : 0.20 m
Over width of Drain : 0.90 m
b) Material Properties
Grade of Concrete : M25
Grade of Steel : Fe 500
Clear Cover (Top Slab) : 40 mm
Clear Cover (Bottom Slab) : 50 mm
Density of Concrete : 25 kN/m3
Density of Soil : 20 kN/m3
Intensity of Pedestrians Load : 4 kN/m2
Angle of Internal Friction : 30 degree
[Link] and Moment Calculations: (Considering 1 m Longitudinal Width of Drain)
i) Top Slab:
Effective Span : 0.75 m
Self-weight of Top Slab : 2.5 kN/m
Live Load due to Pedestrians : 4 kN/m
Total Load on the Top Slab : 6.5 kN/m
Unfactored Bending Moment:
Due to Dead Load : 0.18 kN-m
Due to Live Load : 0.28 kN-m
Design Bending Moment (1.35DL+1.5LL) : 0.66 kN-m
ii) Side Wall:
Coefficient of Earth Pressure (at Rest) : 0.50
Height of the Wall (up to base slab top) : 0.75 m
Intensity of load due to EP (At =0.5*20*0.75 : 7.50 kN/m2
Intensity of Load due to LL sur =0.5*20*1.2 : 12.00 kN/m2
Unfactored Bending Moment:
Due to Earth Presurr=(1/2*7.5*0.75)*(0.42*0.75) : 0.89 kN-m
Due to Live Load Surcharge =(12*0.75)*(0.75/2) : 3.38 kN-m
Design Bending Moment (1.5 EP+1.2 LL) : 5.38 kN-m
iii) Bottom Slab: (Service Condition)
Unfactored Loads
Dead Load due top slab : 2.25 kN-m
Live load on top slab (Pedestrian Load) : 3.60 kN-m
Dead Load due to Side Walls : 6.75 kN-m
Dead Load due to Bottom Slab : 4.50 kN-m
Total Load on bottom Slab : 17.10 kN-m
Intensity of Load at base : 19.00 kN/m
Factored Loads Ld factor
Dead Load due top slab 2.25 1.35 : 3.04 kN-m
Live load on top slab (Pedestri 3.60 1.50 : 5.40 kN-m
Dead Load due to Side Walls 6.75 1.35 : 9.11 kN-m
Dead Load due to Bottom Slab 4.50 1.35 : 6.08 kN-m
Total Load on bottom Slab : 23.63 kN-m each wall
Intensity of Load at base : 26.25 kN/m
Calculating Moment about the centre : 2.797 Kn-m
=5.38+(26.25*0.75*0.75/8)-(11.81*0.75/2)
Calculating Moments at support : 3.905 Kn-m
=5.38+(26.25*0.75*0.75/2)-(11.81*0.75)
Bottom Slab: (Construction Stage)
Dead Load due to Side Walls : 6.75 kN-m
Dead Load due to Bottom Slab : 4.50 kN-m
Total Load on bottom Slab : 11.25 kN-m
Intensity of Load at base : 12.50 kN/m
Factored Loads Ld factor
Dead Load due to Side Walls 6.75 1.35 : 9.11 kN-m
Dead Load due to Bottom Slab 4.50 1.35 : 6.08 kN-m
Total Load on bottom Slab : 15.19 kN each wall
Intensity of Load at base : 16.88 kN/m
Calculating Moment about the centre : 4.86 Kn-m
=5.38+(16.88*0.75*0.75/8)-(4.56*0.75/2)
Calculating Moments at support : 6.71 Kn-m
=5.38+(16.88*0.75*0.75/2)-(4.56*0.75)
2.1 Summary of Moments:
ULS-Basic SLS-rare QPC
1.35DL/1.5LL/1.2LS/1.5EP DL/LL/0.8LS/EP DL/EP
Top Slab (at center 0.66 0.46 0.18
Side wall (at bottom) 5.38 3.59 0.89
Bottom Slab (at center) 4.86 4.86 4.86
Bottom Slab (at support) 6.71 6.71 6.71
3. Design of Sections:
Design Constants
Compressive strength of Concrete, fck : 25 Mpa
Yield Strength of Steel, fyk : 500 Mpa
Design Yield Strength of Steel, fyd : 400 Mpa
Tensile Strength of Concrete, fctm : 2.2
Partial Safety Factor For Steel, γs : 1.15
Partial Safety Factor For Concrete, γm :
Ratio, α :
Effect Depth factor, λ :
Efective Strength Factor, η :
Design Compressive Strength of Concrete, fcd :
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel :
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete :
Max. Compressive Strain in concrete, εcu :
Max. Tensile Strain in Steel, εs :
Max. Depth of Neutral Axis, x : 0.61674
Ru,lim :
Verification of structural strength for top slab
moment about the bottom corner
=23.63/2 11.815 Kn acting downward at each jt.
=9.11/2 4.56 Kn acting downward at each jt.
0.002175
PARABOLIC-RECTANGULAR DIAGRAM FOR CONCRETE (UNCONFINED) IN COMPRESSION
b
εcu2=0.0035 fcd
3/7xu 0.42 xu
εc2=0.002 Cu
xu
4/7 xu
d
Z=d-0.42 xu
d-xu
Ast
Tu
εs≥ εyd=fyd/Es=fyk/ΥsEs
BEAM C/S STRAIN DIAGRAM STRESS DIAGRAM
UNDEREINFORCED SECTION
b = bratdth of the section
d = effective depth of the section
εcu2 = ultimate strain at concrete =0.0035
εc2 = strain at reaching characteristic/design strength =0.002
xu = depth of netral axis
εs = strain in steel
εyd = design strain in steel
fyk = charecteristic yield strength of steel
fyd = design yield strength of steel
ϒs = partial safety factor for steel
= 1.15 for basic and seismic combination
= 1.00 for accidental combination
fcd = Design value of concrete comp. strength
= αfck/ϒm
fck = Characteristic value of concrete comp. strength
α = 0.67
ϒm = partial safety factor for concrete
= 1.5 for basic and seismic combination
= 1.2 for accidental combination
Cu = Compressive force in Concrete
= C.F (Rectangular part+ parabolic part)
= fcd (b x 0.43xu) + fcd (b*2/3*0.57xu)
=(0.43 + 0.38) fcd*b *xu
= 0.81 fcd*b *xu acting at a distance 0.42xu from top
Tu = Tensile force in Concrete 0.428571
= fyd*Ast
=(fyk/ϒs)*Ast 0.3800
Z = lever Arm=d-0.42xu
MED = Design value of the applied internal bending moment = M ur
= Cu*Z
MED = 0.81 fcd*b *xu (d-0.42xu) ----------------------(A)
solving equation --(A)
xu =1.2d-[1-SQRT(1-2.055μ)] ----------------(B)
where μ =MED/fcdbd2
MED =Tu.Z
=Tu.Z
=fyd*Ast*(1-0.42xu)
Ast =MED/fyd
0.3810 0.80952
