Ramesh Naoickyer

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT (IBDP)

Unit 1: BUSINESS ORGANISATION AND ENVIRONMENT
1.1 Introduction to Business Management

I. The role of businesses in combining human, physical and financial resources to create goods and
services: A02

Q. What are main roles of a businesses?

A) A business is a decision making organization. It combine human, physical and financial

resources to produce goods and provide services.

Inputs: Land, Labour, Capital and Enterprise.

Q. What are the role of a business’s?

A) Role of a businesses:

 Decision-making company or organization

 May/may not be for profit
 Involves the exchange of goods and services
 Produce goods and/or provide services
 Exist to satisfy the needs and wants of people, organizations, governments, etc.
 Enterprise – a group of people that tackles an objective, usually profit
 Quality of output depends on quality of inputs

Q Explain the main inputs/ factors of production in a business.

Ans) Four types of inputs are:

 Capital
 Amount of money needed to run a business
 Man-made goods like machines, buildings, vehicles, and equipment needed for
business to operate
 Investment – increasing spending on capital
 Land
 Space where a business operates
 Raw materials and natural resources that are used in making a product
 Labour/manpower
 Physical & mental efforts of people to produce products/services
 Enterprise
 Management, organization, and planning of other three factors of production
 Actions of entrepreneur who shows initiative and takes risks to set up, invest, and
run a business

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II The main business functions and their roles: A02

B) human resources
C) finance and accounts
D) marketing
E) operations

Q. Describe the main business functions and their roles.

Ans) Main business functions and their roles

 Human resources
 Manages the workforce and developing an organization’s workforce to meet the
company objectives.
 Deals with recruitment, wages, communication, and motivation of employees
 Finance and accounts
 In charge of managing the organization’s money and assets.
 Ensures accurate recording and reporting of financial documentation (to comply
with legal requirements)
 Marketing
 Ensure that a company’s products sell
 The management process of predicting, identifying and meeting the needs and wants
of satisfying consumers’ in a profitable manner.
 In charge of promotions, advertisements, etc.
 Operations/Production
 In charge of business functions and processes that produce the right/actual goods
and services at right quantity and quality in a cost effective and time-manner.
 Concerned with research & development, delivery, stock management, etc.

III Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors A02

Q. Explain in detail the business sectors

 Business sectors (or economic sectors)

a. Primary sector:
i. Involves the extraction, harvesting and conversion of natural resources.
ii. e.g. mining, agriculture, fishing, livestock etc.
iii. Regulated and protected by the government
iv. Fuels (produces inputs for) the other economic sectors
v. Example countries: Vietnam, Philippines, Canada, Dubai
vi. Large Percentage of output from LEDCs. Low value added.
vii. Example companies: Philex Mining, Del Monte, Dole
b. Secondary Sector:
i. Involves construction of products or manufacturing of raw products to finished or
component goods.
ii. Finished goods – exported or sold to domestic consumers

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iii. Component goods – sold to companies in the tertiary sector

iv. Example countries: China, Scotland, Japan, Italy, USA
v. Example companies: Coca-Cola, Honda, Del Monte
c. Tertiary sector:
i. Involved with service and retail
ii. Includes retail sales, transportation, entertainment, restaurants, media, healthcare,
banking, etc.
iii. Exploited in developing countries
1. Philippines is a victim of brain drain: where professionals go abroad to look for
jobs making it difficult for companies in the tertiary sector to find the employees
they need
iv. Relies on the primary and secondary sector for inputs
v. Example countries: MEDCs such as USA, United Kingdom, Singapore, Hong Kong
vi. Example companies: JP Morgan, Convergys, Lotte
d. Quaternary sector:
i. Involves intellectual/knowledge based activities or innovation based activities.
ii. Includes government, R&D, education, libraries, scientific research, information
technology, etc.

IV The nature of business activity in each sector and the impact of sectoral change on business
activity A02

Q. What is meant by sectoral change?

A) It is a shift in relative share of national output and employment to the business sectors.

Q. State the impact of sectoral change.

A) Industrialization – primary to secondary and tertiary

 Products become more refined and have more export potential

 Increased standard of education
 Increased job opportunities in secondary & tertiary sector
 Greater focus on customer service
 Higher household income

Q. Expalin the main impact of sectoral change.

 Impact of sectoral change

 Change in economic structure (primary to secondary, secondary to tertiary, etc.)
 Industrialization
 When a country moves towards the manufacturing sector as its principal output
and employment (primary to secondary)
 Products become more refined and have more export potential
 Raises the standard of education
 Opens better job opportunities

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 Developed nation
 Exploits the tertiary sector as the national output of employment
 Further raises the standard of education
 Examples of effects of shifting to the tertiary sector
 For a labor intensive manufacturer of aluminum cans
 Quality of products improve
 More distributors
 Less employees and higher wages for employees
 Can consider turning to robots and machines, as well as outsourcing
 For the owner of a small seaside bed and breakfast
 Easier to find competent employees
 More income due to higher demand
 More competition
 People would rather work for bigger companies
 Can consider expanding
 For a family-owned vegetable farm
 More demand due to more stores
 Opportunity for a “dampa” system
 Less laborers
 Can consider opening a small business or outsource.


V The role of entrepreneurship (and entrepreneur) and intrapreneurship

(and intrapreneur) in overall business activity A03

Q. Define the terms:

Entrepreneur : Individual who plans, organizes and manages a business, taking on financial
risks in doing so. Rewarded with profit

Intrapreneur: Being an entrepreneur but as an employee in an organization. Rewarded with

pay and remuneration.

 Entrepreneurship (and the entrepreneur) vs. intrapreneurship (and the intrapreneur)

 Entrepreneurship is the process of starting a business, company, or organization
 The Entrepreneur
 The founder, and usually owner
 Big risk, big reward
 Organizes inputs of production into goods and services (outputs)
 Obtains money, buys the inputs needed and makes decisions.
 Takes risks and provides the vision for the business idea
 Assumes large financial risk
 Provides sufficient resources
 Intrapreneurship is similar to entrepreneurship but is done in an existing organization

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 The Intrapreneur
 Is an employee of the organization
 Uses resources of company to undertake projects and therefore risks very little
 Rewarded in the form of a paycheck
 Does not act autonomously like an entrepreneur as he is dependent on other
employees or the organization he works for

[Link] between entrepreneurs and Intrapreneurs

Factors of production are the four types of inputs or resources necessary for the production
process.

Entrepreneurs Intrapreneurs
Owners and/or operator of organization Employees of organization
Takes substantial risks Takes medium to high risks
Visionary Innovative
Rewarded with profit Rewarded with pay and remuneration
Responsibility for workforce (labour) Accountability to the owner / operator
Failure incurs personal costs Failure is absorbed by the organization

VI Reasons for starting up a business or an enterprise A02

 Reasons for starting up a business or an enterprise

 Profit – positive difference between revenues and costs
 Fame, Growth, earnings, challenge, autonomy, security, hobbies
 Benefit human welfare
 Very fulfilling
 Family
 Legacy

VII Common steps in the process of starting up a business or an enterprise A02

 Common steps in starting up a business and problems new ones may face
 Businesses often start up by looking for market opportunities (market gaps or niches)
 Niche markets are where small businesses can easily compete
 Factors to consider: What questions would businessmen ask about the factors?
 Business idea/Plan
 4 business inputs (capital, land, labor, and enterprise)
 Four departments/functional areas

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VIII Problems that a new business or enterprise may face A02

Q. Write the problems that anew business or enterprise may face.

1. Lack of finance, cash flow problems
2. Lack of manpower.
3. Legalities are complex in some countries
4. High production costs
5. External issues in economy – oil crisis, disaster, limited resources.

 Possible problems faced by a start-up (either internal or external)

 Internal
 No land to establish a business
 Product may not appeal to your location
 Lack of manpower
 External
 Terrorists
 Politics or government
 National Calamities
 Limited resources

IX The elements of a business plan A02

[Link] in short the elements of a business plan?

1. Information about business.

2. Information about the product.
3. Information about the market
4. Information about the finance.
5. Information about personnel.
6. Information about marketing – the market research & test marketing.

 Business plan
 Report detailing aims and objectives of a business
 Planning tool that serves as a blueprint to address the issues of a startup business
 Meant for investors/banks to help them decide on whether to invest/approve loans
 Elements of a business plan
 Business – name of the business, type of the business, statement of aims and
objectives, details of the owner
 Product – details of goods/services, operations and equipment needed, suppliers,
price
 Market – who you’re selling to, market profile, competition (strengths and
weaknesses)
 Finance – money, start-up costs
 Personnel – employees and workforce, skills
 Marketing – marketing mix employed by business