Truong Dai Hoc Kien Truc Ha Noi Khoa Xay Dung
SPLICE CONNECTION WITH BOLTS AND WELDING
(AISC 360-10, LRFD procedure)
1. Internal forces applied on the splice:
Required moment strength at the point to check splice connection M u 716.9725kN m
Required shear strength at the point to check splice connection Vu 83.142kN
2. Web splice connection
Arrangement of bolts in web splice connection
Number of column nc 8
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Number of row nr 7
0.48
The distance between row of bolt y 0.32 m
0.16
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Maximum distance between row of bolt ymax max ( y) 0.48 m
Internal force transfer to one bolt at the extreme row
Vu
Due to shear RV 2.969 kN
nc
nr
2
Eccentricity due to shear e 230mm
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Moment due to eccentricity of shear Vu is M uVu Vu e 19.123 kN m
MuVu ymax
Due to moment [Link] 6.403 kN
nc
2
( y)
2
2 2
The total fastener force is Rmax RV [Link] 7.058 kN
Bolted resistance in web connection
Shear strength of bolt
Nominal strength of bolt
[Link] = Fnv Ab N s (AISC 360-10, J3-1)
where
Fnv nominal shear strength (expressed as a stress)
The nominal shear strength, Fnv is base on the ultimate tensile stress of the bolt with several
modification factors. First, the ultimate shear stress is taken as 0.625 times the ultimate tensile
stress (Fisher et al., 1978). Next, there is a length factor of 0.90 for connections no longer than 38in
(for longer connections, this factor is reduced to 0.75). If the threads are in the plane of shear, the
reduction of the bolt area is accounted for by using 80% of the nominal bolt area. Instread of applying
this reduction directly to the bolt area, a factor of 0.80 is applied to Fnv . In this way, the nominal bolt
area can be used whether the threads are in or out of the plane of shear.
Ultimate tensile stress of the bolt Fu 800 MPa
The length of the connection l 910 mm
Length factor ϕlength 0.9 if l 38in
0.75 otherwise
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ϕlength 0.9
The reduction of bolt area factor ϕbolt_area 0.8
Thus the nominal shear strength
Fnv 0.625 Fu ϕlength ϕbolt_area 360 MPa
Ab cross-sectional area of the unthreaded part of the bolt (also known as the nominal bolt
area or nominal body area)
Diameter of bolt d 20 mm
2
d 2
Ab π 314.159 mm
4
Number of shear planes per bolt N s 2
Thus nominal strength of bolt [Link] Fnv Ab N s 226.195 kN
The resistance factor ϕ 0.75 (for LRFD procedure)
Thus the design shear strength is ϕ[Link] ϕ [Link] 169.646 kN
compared with
Rmax 7.058 kN
High-strength bolts in slip-critical connections in shear only
A connection with high-strength bolts is classified as either a slip-critical connection or a
bearing-type connection. A slip-critical connection is one in which no slippage is permitted, that is, the
friction force must not be exceeded. In a bearingtype connection, slip is acceptable, and shear and
bearing actually occur. In some types of structures, notably bridges, the load on connections can
undergo many cycles of reversal. In such cases, fatigue of the fasteners can become critical if the
connection is allowed to slip with each reversal, and a slip-critical connection is advisable. In most
structures, however, slip is perfectly acceptable, and a bearing-type connection is adequate. (A307
bolts are used only in bearing-type connections). Proper installation and achievement of the
prescribed initial tension is necessary for of the bolts is that they be tensioned enough so that the
surfaces of contact in the connection firmly bear on one another. This installation produces the
snug-tight condition referred to earlier in the discussion of the turn-of the-nut method.
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As discussed earlier, the resistance to slip will be a function of the coefficient of static friction and
the normal force between the connected parts. This relationship is reflected in the provisions of the
AISC Specification. The nominal slip resistance of a bolt is given by
[Link] = μ Du hf T b ns (AISC 360-10, J3-4)
where
μ mean slip coefficient for class A or B surfaces, as applicable, and determined as follows, or
as established by tests:
(i) For Class A surfaces (unpainted clean mill scale steel surfaces or surfaces with Class A
coatings on blast-cleaned steel or hot-dipped galvanized and roughened surfaces)
μ = 0.3
(ii) For Class B surfaces (unpainted blast-cleaned steel surfaces or surfaces with Class B
coatings on blast-cleaned steel)
μ = 0.5
Choose μ 0.5
Du = 1.13 a multiplier that reflects the ratio of the mean installed bolt pretension to the
specified minimum bolt pretension. The use of other values may be approved by
the engineer of record.
Du 1
T b minimum fastener tension given in Table J3.1, equal to 0.7 times the minimum tensile
strength of bolts, rounded off to nearest kip or kN.
T b 830 MPa 0.7 Ab 182.527 kN
hf factor for fillers, determined as follows:
(i) Where there are no fillers or where bolts have been added to distribute loads in the filler
hf = 1
(ii) Where bolts have not been added to distribute the load in the filler:
(a) For one filler between connected parts
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hf = 1
(b) For two ar more fillers between connected parts
hf = 0.85
Chhose hf 1
ns number of slip planes required to permit the connection to slip
ns 2
[Link] μ Du hf T b ns 182.527 kN
The resistance factor ϕ
(a) For standard size and short-slotted holes perpendicular to the direction of the load
ϕ=1 (LRFD)
(b) For oversized and short-slotted holes parallel to the direction of the load
ϕ = 0.85 (LRFD)
(c) For long-slotted holes
ϕ = 0.7 (LRFD)
Choose ϕ 1
The design slip resistance ϕ[Link] ϕ [Link] 182.527 kN
Thus the design strength of one bolt is
ϕ[Link] min ϕ[Link] ϕ[Link] 169.646 kN
compared with Rmax 7.058 kN
Web connection plate resistance
Strength of elements in shear
The available shear strength of affected and connecting elements in shear shall be the lower value
obtained according to the limit states of shear yielding and shear rupture:
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(a) For shear yielding of the element:
Rn.shear_yielding = 0.6 Fy Agv (AISC 360-10, J4-3)
where
Fy specified minimum yield stress of plate of web connection and web of I shape section
Fy 50 ksi
Agv gross area subject to shear
Dimension of plate width of plate bplate 910 mm
high of plate hplate 600 mm
plate thickness tplate 20 mm
Number of plate in connection nplate 2
2
Area of plate connection [Link] nplate hplate tplate 24000 mm
Dimension of I shape beam overall height of beam section hbeam 745mm
width of flange bf 300mm
flange thickness tf 20mm
web thickness tw 14mm
2
Area of web of I shape section [Link] hbeam 2 tf tw 9870 mm
2
Agv min [Link] [Link] 9870 mm
Rn.shear_yielding 0.6 Fy Agv 2041.538 kN
The resistance factor ϕ 1 (for LRFD procedure)
ϕRn.shear_yielding ϕ Rn.shear_yielding 2041.538 kN
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(b) For shear rupture of the element:
Rn.shear_rupture = 0.6 Fu Anv (AISC 360-10, J4-4)
where
Fu specified minimum tensile strength of plate of web connection and web of I shape section
Fu 65 ksi
Anv net area subject to shear
Diameter of hole of bolt dhole d 2mm 22 mm
2
Anv min [Link] nplate dhole tplate nr [Link] dhole tw nr 7714 mm
Rn.shear_rupture 0.6 Fu Anv 2074.26 kN
The resistance factor ϕ 0.75 (for LRFD procedure)
ϕRn.shear_rupture ϕ Rn.shear_rupture 1555.695 kN
Shear strength of web connection
ϕ[Link] min ϕRn.shear_yielding ϕRn.shear_rupture 1555.695 kN
compared with Vu 83.142 kN
3. Flange splice connection
Bottom flange
Calculate the factored beam flange force
Mu
Ffu 988.928 kN
hbeam tf
Welded resistance
Design for a factored load of Ffu 988.928 kN
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Ultimate tensile strength of electrode FEXX 70 ksi
The angle between the direction of the load and the exis of the weld θ 0deg
The nominal fillet weld strength is (the weld ultimate shearing stress)
Fnw 0.6 FEXX 1.0 0.50 sin ( θ)
1.5
289.58 MPa (AISC Equation J2-5)
Choose weld size w 5mm
kN
The norminal load capacity of the weld per unit length [Link] 0.707 w Fnw 10.237
cm
Resistance factor ϕ 0.75
kN
The design strength of fillet weld per unit length ϕ[Link] ϕ [Link] 7.677
cm
The base mental shear yield strength is (per unit length)
Rn.shear_yielding.[Link] = 0.6 Fy t (AISC 360-10, J4-3)
where
Fy specified minimum yield stress of plate of flange connection and flange of I shape section
Fy 50 ksi
Dimension of plate plate thickness tplate.f 20mm
high of plate hplate.f 114 mm
Number of plate in connection nplate.f 1
Flange thickness tf 20 mm
Thickness of member in connection
t min tplate.f tf 20 mm
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kN
Rn.shear_yielding.[Link] 0.6 Fy t 41.369
cm
The resistance factor ϕ 1 (for LRFD procedure)
kN
ϕRn.shear_yielding.[Link] ϕ Rn.shear_yielding.[Link] 41.369
cm
The base mental shear rupture strength is (per unit length)
Rn.shear_rupture.[Link] = 0.6 Fu t (AISC 360-10, J4-4)
where
Fu specified minimum tensile strength of plate of flange connection and flange of I shape
section
Fu 65 ksi
Thickness of member in connection t 20 mm
kN
Rn.shear_rupture.[Link] 0.6 Fu t 53.779
cm
The resistance factor ϕ 0.75 (for LRFD procedure)
kN
ϕRn.shear_rupture.[Link] ϕ Rn.shear_rupture.[Link] 40.334
cm
Shear strength of flange connection
kN
ϕ[Link] min ϕ[Link] ϕRn.shear_yielding.[Link] ϕRn.shear_rupture.[Link] 7.677
cm
kN
ϕ[Link] 7.677
cm
Both longitudinal and transverse welds will be used. To determine the required length of the longitudinal
welds, we investigate the two options specified in AISC J2.4c.
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(c) For fillet weld groups concentrically loaded and consisting of elements with a uniform leg size that
are oriented both longitudinally and transversely to the direction of applied load, the combined strength,
Rn , of the fillet weld group shall be determined as the greater of
(i) Rn = Rnwl Rnwt
or
(ii) Rn = 0.85 Rnwl 1.5 Rnwt
where
Rnwl total nominal strength of longitudinally loaded fillet welds
Rnwt total nominal strength of transversely loaded fillet welds
For the first option, assuming the same strength for both the longitudinal and transverse welds is,
Ffu
Total_required_length_of_weld 1288.088 mm
ϕ[Link]
Total_required_length_of_weld 2 nplate.f hplate.f
Length_of_longitudinal_welds opt1 265.022 mm
4 nplate.f
For second option, the strength of the longitudinal welds is
kN
0.85Rnwl 0.85 ϕ[Link] 6.526 cm
and the strength of the transverse weld is
kN
1.5Rnwt 1.5 ϕ[Link] 11.516 cm
The load to be carried by the longitudinal welds is
Fwl Ffu 2 hplate.f 1.5Rnwt 726.358 kN
so the required length of the longitudinal welds is
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Fwl
Length_of_longitudinal_welds opt2 278.261 mm
4 nplate.f 0.85Rnwl
Hence
Length_of_longitudinal_welds min Length_of_longitudinal_welds opt1 Length_of_longitudinal_welds opt2
Length_of_longitudinal_welds 265.022 mm
Choose Length_of_transverse_weld hplate.f 114 mm
Length_of_longitudinal_welds 450 mm
ϕ[Link] Length_of_transverse_weld 2 nplate.f Length_of_longitudinal_welds 4 nplate.f 1556.994 kN
0.85 Length_of_longitudinal_welds 4 nplate.f ϕ[Link] 1.5 Length_of_transverse_weld 2 nplate.f ϕ[Link]
Flange connection plate resistance
Strength of elements in tension
The design strength, ϕRn , of affected and connecting elements loaded in tension shall be the lower
value obtained according to the limit states of tensile yielding and tensile rupture.
(a) For tensile yielding of connecting elements
Rn.tensile_yielding = Fy Ag (AISC 360-10, J4-1)
where
Fy specified minimum yield stress of plate of flange connection and flange of I shape section
Fy 50 ksi
Ag gross area of member
Dimension of plate width of plate bplate.f 910 mm
high of plate hplate.f 114 mm
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plate thickness tplate.f 20 mm
Number of plate in connection nplate.f 1
2
Area of plate connection [Link].f nplate.f hplate.f tplate.f 2 4560 mm
2
Area of flange of I shape section [Link] bf tf 6000 mm
2
Ag min [Link].f [Link] 4560 mm
Rn.tensile_yielding Fy Ag 1572.005 kN
The resistance factor ϕ 0.9 (for LRFD procedure)
ϕRn.tensile_yielding ϕ Rn.tensile_yielding 1414.804 kN
(b) For tensile rupture of the connecting elements:
Rn.tensile_rupture = Fu Ae (AISC 360-10, J4-2)
where
Fu specified minimum tensile strength of plate of flange connection and flange of I shape
section
Fu 65 ksi
Ae effective net area of tension member
Ae = An U (AISC 360-10, D3-1)
where
An is net area. For welded connections, the net area is shown in Figure and
defined in AISC 360 Sec. B4.3b. For the straight perpendicular fracture 1-1, the
net area of the plate is given by
For plate of flange connection
2
[Link] [Link].f 4560 mm
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For flange of I shape section
2
[Link] [Link] 6000 mm
For flat plates with welded connections, all of the net area participates in
transmitting the load and AISC 360 Table D3-1 specifies a value for the shear lag
factor of U = 1 . Hence,
U 1
2
Ae min [Link] U [Link] U 4560 mm
Rn.tensile_rupture Fu Ae 2043.606 kN
The resistance factor ϕ 0.75 (for LRFD procedure)
ϕRn.tensile_rupture ϕ Rn.tensile_rupture 1532.705 kN
Tension strength of flange connection
ϕ[Link].f min ϕRn.tensile_yielding ϕRn.tensile_rupture 1414.804 kN
compared with Ffu 988.928 kN
compared with
ϕ[Link] max ϕ[Link] Length_of_transverse_weld 2 nplate.f Length_of_longitudinal_welds 4 nplate.f
Flange_connection_is "passed but not good" if ϕ[Link].f Ffu ϕ[Link].f ϕ[Link]
"passed and perfect" if ϕ[Link].f Ffu ϕ[Link].f ϕ[Link]
"failed" otherwise
Flange_connection_is "passed and perfect"
Reference:
1. ANSI/AISC 360-10 Specification for structural steel buildings
4. Steel structures design ASD/LRFD, Alan Williams
5. Steel design fifth edition William [Link]
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6. Thiết kế kết cấu thép theo quy phạm Hoa Kỳ AISC 2005, Đoàn Định Kiến (Chủ biến), Nguyễn Song
Hà
[Link] Seakleng 16
