1.1.

Distinguish a holistic perspective from

Partial point of view
Objectives At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• differentiate the meaning of philosophy as a body of knowledge and as an intellectual activity,

• distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view,
• recognize human activities that emanated from deliberate reflection,
• apply a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic perspective
• realize the value of philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective in life

Philosophy
*The word philosophy comes from two Greek roots: philo,meaning "the love of" cand sophia , meaning
"wisdom" The Oxford English Dictionary defines philosophy as "the love, study or pursuit of wisdom,
or of knowledge of things and their causes whether theoretical or practical" the Webster's New
Collegiate Dictionary defines philosophy as "literally the love of wisdom"

*Philosophy - the study of the nature of reality and existence , of what it is possible to know, and wrong
behavoir, or a particular set of beliefs.
*Rene Descartes is regarded as the founder of modern philosophy.

*The word philosophy comes from two Greek roots: philo,meaning "the love of" cand sophia , meaning
"wisdom" The Oxford English Dictionary defines philosophy as "the love, study or pursuit of wisdom,
or of knowledge of things and their causes whether theoretical or practical" the Webster's New
Collegiate Dictionary defines philosophy as "literally the love of wisdom"

Holistic Perspective and Partial Point of View

*Before engaging in philosophical inquiry , one must be able to distinguish between a holistic and partial
point of view . This is Critical for everyone doing philosophy because it set a limit in coming up with
conclusion about given situation.

*Holism comes from the greek word "holos" which literally means all, entire, totalilty

~> looks at all aspects at the given problem or situation

.~>all aspects are given importance when making conclusion
~>all aspects are tied in together to form a general overview of the problem or situation .

EXAMPLE:
The teacher listen first to both stories of her two arguing students before making any conclusion about the
issue.

*Looking at the characteristics of holistic and partial point of view, it can be concluded that using a holistic
perspective , is more desirable in doing philosophy then using a partial point of view.only promote limited
knowledge on the situation . this leads to wrong conclusion.
*Learning Philosophy requires learning to look into all available perspective and work on their
relationship to come up with sound logical and valid conclusion . In the process , doing philosophy helps
one to develop the skill of broadly looking at the situation first before concluding anything.

Partial point of view

*In philosphy, a point of view is defined as a way or a method how one sees or perceive the reality or a
phenomenon . Therefore, when one says a partial point of view, he has clearly stated and admitted that
the way he sees reality or certain phenomenon is based on a single factor or casual agency. Apartial
point of view then is perspective that based on one of the component parts of a whole.

~>Looks at only limited number of aspects of the given problem or situation.

~>Conclusion are made based on considering some, but not all, sides of the problem situation.

E EXAMPLE:
A teacher scolds Students A after Student B accused him of stealing her pencil case. However, the teacher only
listen to the story of student B, and not Student A, before deciding to scold the student .
EEsff

1.2. Recognize human activities that

emanated from deliberate reflection
*After examining the defenition of philosophy, it distinguishes the branches from where recognation of
various human activities emanated from deliberate reflections and dialogues. Many of the most Vital
issues of Philosophy are still disputed and have unsettled question today.

*Nevertheless one of the greatest needs of anyone seeking "wisdom" is genuine sympathy and an
understanding of all the most diverse points of view (holistic perspective). A narrow provincialism of
mind, limited to the ideas and outlook of a single party single age (partial perspective) is wholly
incompatible with the real philisophy attitude

*In the process , one can learn more about himself or herself, including personal beliefs, ideals, or
values. Previous experiences may be seen as important aspects of making reflections because they
facilitate deeper thinking and understanding of the self. Aside from knowing the self, many other activities
also emanate from reflection

EXAMPLE:

~Learning from your previous mistakes and not repeating them again.
~Evaluation and knowing the best choice from a set of options.
~Gaining a holistic point of view first before making any conclusion.
1.3.Realize the value of doing philosophy in
obtaining a broad perspective on life
*Importance of doing philosophy furthermore, on life perspective, philosophy enables reflective thinking
which greatly influences a person view of life, challenges, and relationships. Doing philosophy directs how
person will perceive these factors in life and how they will be faced.In any setting wisdon is always gained
when philosophy is applied to formulate a conclusion and about a certain concern.

Meaning and process Doing philosopy

*Doing philosophy means engaging one self in "matters of utulity " and methodologies to elaminate any
practical problem or abstract idea

*In the process of doing philosophy, it is critical to have a holistic point of view the perception of looking at
all aspects of a situation first before making a conclusion. some other skills involved in doing philosophy
are critical,logical, and analytical thinking, observation, and communicative skills.

Impotance of Doing Philosophy

*Doing philosophy can be applied in day-to-day activities and life perspectives. Because it involves an
evaluative process, doing philosophy allows a person to make better decisions and act accordingly to
situation with the help of various philosopical skills.

*Furthermore, on life perspectives, enables reflective thinking which greatly influences a person's view of
life, challenges, and relation ships.doing perceive these factor in life and how they will be faced. In any
setting, wisdom always gained when philosophy is applied to formulate a conclusion about certain
concern.

1.4. Do a philosopical reflection on a

concrete situation from holistic perspective
*Philosopical reflection is the careful examination of life situation. this involves the weighing of several
alternatives and using specific standards to evaluate one's actions .A man reflectsphilosophically when he
is able to build on previous actions, events or decisions.

Gabriel Marcel
~>he was trained in philosophy by Henri Bergson. A prolific life-long writer, his early works reflected
his interes in idealism . As Marcel developed philosophically, however, his work was marked by an
emphasis on the concrete, on lived experience.

Primary Reflection
*Is a kind od thinking thet calculates analyzes, or recounts past events. In this way, primary reflection is
fragmented and compartementalized thinking

*Instrumental thinking is a "means end" kind of thinking

Secondary Reflection
*Allows us to think holistically. In this way, secondary reflection enables us to integrate our fragmented
and compartmentalized experience into acoherent whole.
*According to Jay and Ryan when Marcel speaks of "philosopical reflection" he specifically refers to
"secondary reflection "

Philosopical reflection & Construction and evaluating of an argument

*philosophical reflection - enables us to look deeper into our experiences and see the bigger picture of
reality
Construction and evaluation of agument
*allows us to express our ideas in a systematic and logical way; allows us to examine the ideas of other
people