REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE SECOND SENTENCE HAS

THE SAME MEANING AS THE FIRST ONE No. 1

1. Although the dog appeared harmless, it was, in fact, quite dangerous.

Contrary_________________________________________________________________________________
2. But for your folly, you could have been a partner in the firm.
If_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Thanks to Laura’s support, I was able to finish the project.
Had_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Not many of the people in Britain speak a single word of my language.
Hardly__________________________________________________________________________________
5. I am sure you didn’t lock the front door. Here’s the key.
You can’t_________________________________________________________________________________
6. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test.
As long as________________________________________________________________________________
7. The fox was unsuccessful in reaching the grapes.
The fox tried in____________________________________________________________________________
8. It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car.
The man is________________________________________________________________________________
9. “I think that you’ve drawn up some excellent plans. I must congratulate you.”
“I must congratulate_______________________________________________________________________
10. The critics were strongly impressed by her performance.
Her performance made_____________________________________________________________________
11. They declared war on the pretext of defending their territorial rights.
The excuse________________________________________________________________________________
12. Phillip’s inability to make decisions dates from his accident.
Ever_____________________________________________________________________________________
13. Children learn a lot about how to behave in a situation like this.
Only_____________________________________________________________________________________
14. I write to him almost every day.
Hardly___________________________________________________________________________________
15. The sea was so rough that the ferry couldn’t sail.
The rough sea_____________________________________________________________________________
16. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk.
No sooner________________________________________________________________________________
17. I have never read such a romantic story.
This is___________________________________________________________________________________
18. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.
Only after a ______________________________________________________________________________
19. Even though I admire his courage, I think he is foolish.
Much____________________________________________________________________________________
20. Under no circumstances should you phone the police.
The last__________________________________________________________________________________
21. Sam didn’t celebrate until he received the prize.
It was not_________________________________________________________________________________
22. Nobody expected her to lose, but she did.
Against__________________________________________________________________________________
23. You’ll learn the basic rules. Then you’ll find it easy to play.
Once_____________________________________________________________________________________
24. If nothing unfortunate happens, I’ll see you next week.
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 All being_________________________________________________________________________________
25. The government have been reviewing their education policies recently.
The government’s__________________________________________________________________________
26. When a policeman appeared at the door, I was pretty taken aback.
Imagine__________________________________________________________________________________
27. My protests were ignored.
Nobody__________________________________________________________________________________
28. It’s what people eat that betrays their social background, not their table manners.
What gives________________________________________________________________________________
29. The chances are a hundred to one against you.
It’s most__________________________________________________________________________________
30. Everyone was surprised that the singer had very little money when he died.
The singer________________________________________________________________________________
31. John has not had his hair cut for over six months.
The last__________________________________________________________________________________
32. Although both his legs were broken in the crash, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded.
Despite___________________________________________________________________________________
33. They were all arrested because of his incompetence.
Had_____________________________________________________________________________________
34. I don’t really like her even though I admire her achievement.
Much____________________________________________________________________________________
35. When they told the Minister about the strike, he was very angry.
On______________________________________________________________________________________
36. The patient recovered more rapidly than expected.
The patient_______________________________________________________________________________
37. It’s extremely difficult for us to make ends meet these days.
We find__________________________________________________________________________________
38. Unless she’s really hungry, she never eats snacks between meals.
Only_____________________________________________________________________________________
39. I can’t believe that she was the winner.
I find____________________________________________________________________________________
40. He must pass his English examination, which is obligatory.
It________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Not until the body was found did the police believe her.
It was only________________________________________________________________________________
42. She never seems to succeed even though she studies much.
Much____________________________________________________________________________________
43. My French friend finds driving on the left difficult.
My French friend isn’t _____________________________________________________________________
44. The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister.
Had it____________________________________________________________________________________
45. She is proud of being such a good cook.
She prides________________________________________________________________________________
46. Betty is very happy to look after handicapped people.
Betty is devoted___________________________________________________________________________
47. Winning the football pools meant we could buy a new car.
Winning the football pools enabled___________________________________________________________
48. “That’s a lovely new dress, Jean,” said her mother.
Jean’s mother complimented________________________________________________________________
49. I wasn’t a bit surprised to hear that Karen had changed her job.
2|Page
 It came___________________________________________________________________________________

50. The cost of living has gone up considerably in the last few years.
There____________________________________________________________________________________
51. I’m absolutely sure he took the money on purpose.
He couldn’t possibly________________________________________________________________________
52. He had no idea how difficult the task would be until he was half way through it.
Only_____________________________________________________________________________________
53. They had such a fierce dog that nobody would visit them.
So_______________________________________________________________________________________
54. His disabilities didn’t prevent him from sailing around the world.
Although_________________________________________________________________________________
55. The presidential visit attracted such an enormous crowd that all traffic came to a standstill.
So many__________________________________________________________________________________
56. You can use it as long as you like, and it won’t wear out.
No matter________________________________________________________________________________
57. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.
Not until_________________________________________________________________________________
58. My parents let me go abroad alone for the first time.
I was_____________________________________________________________________________________
59. You’re asking questions because you didn’t pay enough attention.
Had it____________________________________________________________________________________
60. It’s sad, but unemployment is unlikely to go down this year.
Sad______________________________________________________________________________________
61. She asked us to leave quietly so that we wouldn’t disturb her.
So as_____________________________________________________________________________________
62. If you work hard, you will be able to succeed.
Work hard________________________________________________________________________________
63. In all probability we will finish the project on Thursday.
The project shouldn’t______________________________________________________________________
64. He’s partially deaf so he finds it difficult to communicate on the phone.
Were it___________________________________________________________________________________
65. They think a lot about their future job.
They give_________________________________________________________________________________
66. I am not willing to discuss this matter at the moment.
This matter_______________________________________________________________________________
67. He didn’t try to conceal his dislike for me.
He made_________________________________________________________________________________
68. They gave me a place to stay and they didn’t want any money in return.
Not only__________________________________________________________________________________
69. Jack loses his temper easily.
It doesn’t_________________________________________________________________________________
70. I really enjoy getting thoroughly absorbed in this good book.
I am losing________________________________________________________________________________
71. According to the headmaster, only two hundred pupils will be admitted to the school next term.
On the___________________________________________________________________________________
72. Sarah wore glasses so that no one would recognize her.
Sarah wore glasses to_______________________________________________________________________
73. Installation of a new computer system is currently taking place at our head office.
A new computer system_____________________________________________________________________
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74. The amount of rainfall is similar in My Tho and in Ho Chi Minh City in April.
About the same____________________________________________________________________________
75. The letter reached me even though it was wrongly addressed.
The letter found___________________________________________________________________________
76. I got bored with the match halfway through.
I lost_____________________________________________________________________________________
77. She doesn’t feel like doing anything energetic.
She is not_________________________________________________________________________________
78. The latest sales figured are better than the previous ones.
The latest sales figures show_________________________________________________________________
79. Payment will be made when the order is received.
Payment will be made on____________________________________________________________________
80. Don’t run away with the idea that you have discovered a new chemical.
Don’t come_______________________________________________________________________________
81. There is a very little chance of them winning the game.
They are highly____________________________________________________________________________
82. The house looks better since the repainting was done.
The house looks better now__________________________________________________________________
83. We must think about ways of improving the transport system.
Thought must_____________________________________________________________________________
84. Although I didn’t want to pay such a high price, I had no choice.
Reluctant_________________________________________________________________________________
85. Those terrapins which survive their first year may live to be twenty.
Should___________________________________________________________________________________
86. John and his ex-wife are still good friends.
John remains on___________________________________________________________________________
87. Popular opinion has it that this is a dangerous city, but that’s not true.
Contrary_________________________________________________________________________________
88. As far as I know, there’s no reason for James to be so unhappy.
To the____________________________________________________________________________________
89. Experts say that the fall in the birth rate between 1964 and 1977 caused the drop in the number of school
leavers.
The drop_________________________________________________________________________________
90. Such a ridiculous proposal isn’t worth serious consideration.
There is__________________________________________________________________________________
91. Just after solving one problem, I was faced with another.
Hardly___________________________________________________________________________________
92. It is my impression that she’s enjoying her new job a great deal.
She seems________________________________________________________________________________
93. As she hadn’t been there before, America was a whole new experience for her.
Not______________________________________________________________________________________
94. She thought she had paid the bill but she hadn’t.
She was__________________________________________________________________________________
95. The hurricane blew the roof off the house.
The house________________________________________________________________________________
96. This affair doesn’t concern you.
This affair is no____________________________________________________________________________
97. That dress has only the slightest mark on it.
I can barely_______________________________________________________________________________
98. No one stands a chance of beating Mansell in this year’s championship.
4|Page
 It’s a foregone_____________________________________________________________________________
99. The men continued to feel unsafe until they crossed the border.
Not____________________________________________________________________________________
100. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money.
Were___________________________________________________________________________________

101. I don’t really want to go out tonight.

I’d rather_______________________________________________________________________________
102. Her success went beyond her expectation.
Never__________________________________________________________________________________
103. If I have plenty of warning, I’ll baby-sit for you.
Provided you____________________________________________________________________________
104. There a chance that my secretary took the order book away.
My secretary may________________________________________________________________________
105. I went down with flu as soon as I recovered from bronchitis.
No sooner_______________________________________________________________________________
106. Although he seems friendly, he’s not to be trusted.
Friendly________________________________________________________________________________
107. I felt that it had been a mistake to write the letter.
I regretted______________________________________________________________________________
108. According to the literature, rich pickings awaited the settlers.
The settlers were led______________________________________________________________________
109. Don’t press the alarm button unless there’s a real emergency.
The alarm button________________________________________________________________________
110. “Whatever you do, don’t give up hope,” they said.
They urged me___________________________________________________________________________
111. Entertainment must be sympathetic to the needs of its audience if it is to be popular.
Without________________________________________________________________________________
112. He neglected doing morning exercises, he is in bad shape now.
If______________________________________________________________________________________
113. Far more people live to retirement age in Britain than in the Philippines.
Not____________________________________________________________________________________
114. My wife regretted that she had missed my mother’s funeral.
My wife regretted not_____________________________________________________________________
115. I think you should buy a new pair of shoes and get rid of those trainers.
It’s high time____________________________________________________________________________
116. We only dispatch goods after receiving the money.
Only after the____________________________________________________________________________
117. We have no seats left for the concert on December 12th.
All the seats_____________________________________________________________________________
118. The only thing they didn’t steal was the old television.
They stole_______________________________________________________________________________
119. Oil was slowly covering the sand of the beach.
The sand________________________________________________________________________________
120. In spite of all our efforts, we failed.
Although_______________________________________________________________________________
121. We’d prefer you not to wear those slippers in the office, Miss Blake.
We’d rather_____________________________________________________________________________
122. This is the quickest way to get into the town center.
There__________________________________________________________________________________
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123. Only one person knew what had caused the fire.
The cause_______________________________________________________________________________
124. I don’t think this punch-bowl has enough brandy in it.
There is too_____________________________________________________________________________
125. I’ll take a mackintosh because it may rain this afternoon.
In______________________________________________________________________________________
126. There are a lot of people dependent on him.
He_____________________________________________________________________________________
127. What I admire most about him is his absolute frankness.
His absolute frankness, more_______________________________________________________________
128. She doesn’t talk to him because he is so moody.
Because of______________________________________________________________________________
129. Although he is 8 years older than her, they were good friends.
Despite_________________________________________________________________________________
130. He prefers playing basketball to watching it on TV.
He’d sooner_____________________________________________________________________________
131. It’s neither team’s fault that the football match was cancelled.
Neither team____________________________________________________________________________
132. We can start at either 1 p.m. or 2 p.m.
It makes________________________________________________________________________________
133. Cars are responsible for air pollution, and they cause more serous accidents.
In______________________________________________________________________________________
134. I couldn’t do my work because my younger brother disturbed me continually.
Because of my___________________________________________________________________________
135. As Elton became more famous, it was more difficult for him to avoid newspaper reporters.
The more_______________________________________________________________________________
136. Unless they try harder, they will all fail the next exam.
They should make________________________________________________________________________
137. Please don’t give me an injection.
I’d rather_______________________________________________________________________________
138. We will put out to sea if the weather is good.
Provided________________________________________________________________________________
139. It seems that no one predicted the correct result.
No one__________________________________________________________________________________
140. They will not announce the decision formally.
No formal_______________________________________________________________________________
141. He did not pass his driving test until he was nearly 40.
It______________________________________________________________________________________
142. It was his lack of confidence that surprised me.
What___________________________________________________________________________________
143. The Pacific Ocean is on average deeper than the Atlantic.
The average_____________________________________________________________________________
144. Is it really necessary for me to type the application?
Does___________________________________________________________________________________
145. It is a pity that the TV packed up. We can’t watch the football now.
If the TV________________________________________________________________________________
146. I didn’t see her again for five years.
Five years_______________________________________________________________________________
147. A local mechanic repaired our car.
We_____________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
148. She didn’t shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy.
Not____________________________________________________________________________________
149. Mr. Watson managed to repair the garage roof only because his neighbor helped him.
Without________________________________________________________________________________
150. As I get older, I want to travel less.
The older_______________________________________________________________________________
151. I’m certainly not going to give you any more money.
I have no________________________________________________________________________________
152. The gas explosion blew out all the shop windows.
All the shops_____________________________________________________________________________
153. Happiness is elusive to rich and poor alike.
Whether _______________________________________________________________________________
154. It wasn’t clear to us all the time how serious the problem was.
Little___________________________________________________________________________________
155. Do you consider Michael one of your best friends?
Do you count____________________________________________________________________________
156. We were all shocked by his reaction.
His reaction came________________________________________________________________________
157. If you were in the situation I’m in, you’d feel the same
If you put_______________________________________________________________________________
158. To pass the time, I looked through some magazines.
I whiled_________________________________________________________________________________
159. The collision didn’t damage my car much.
Not a great______________________________________________________________________________
160. What has this experience taught you?
What conclusions________________________________________________________________________
161. He declared his disapproval of the behavior of some of his supporters.
He let it_________________________________________________________________________________
162. A child cannot sit still for 15 minutes.
It’s_____________________________________________________________________________________

***THE END***

B. PHONETICS (5 pts)
Part 1: Pick out the word with the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
(2.5 pts)
1. A. modernise B. dramatise C. expertise D. merchandise
1. A. chameleon B. enchant C. chamberlain D. bachelor
2. A. solemnity B. spectacle C. sombrero D. desolate
3. A. costume B. cosmetic C. disposal D. ostensible
4. A. cantaloupe B. catastrophe C. apostrophe D. recipe

Part 2:Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of other words (2.5 pts)
1. A. generous B. pagoda C. address D. control
2. A. reaction B. miserable C. knowledge D. accident
3. A. compulsory B. objective C. publication D. statistical
4. A. confidence B. minimize C. complaint D. imitate
5. A. pleasure B. guaranty C. optimistic D. sanguine
7|Page
C. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (30ps)
Part 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions. (5ps)
1. His landlady gave him a week’s ________ to leave the flat.
A. threat B. notice C. advice D. caution
2. My brother is intelligent but he _______ common sense.
A. fails B. lacks C. misses D. wants
3. I am _______ tired to think about that problem at the moment.
A. far too B. simply C. much more D. nearly
4. His _______ of the school regulations really can’t be ignored any
longer.
A. carelessness B. inattention C. unfamiliarity D. disregard
5. ______ after trying three times, he passed the examination.
A. Last of all B. Lastly C. Last D. At last
6. It took me a long time to ______ what the aim of the game was.
A. ponder B. consider C. grasp D. reckon
[Link] _______ malaria while he was in Africa.
A. infected B. contracted C. was caught D. gained
8. The question of late payment of the bills was ______again at the
meeting.
A. raised B. risen C. brought D. taken
9. None of us has ever ______ of cheating in class.
A. declared B. persisted C. approved D. concluded
10. We have been working hard. Let’s ______ a break.
A. make B. find C. do D. take
11. It’s advisable to _______ any contact with potential rabis animals.
A. escape B. avoid C. prevent D. evade
12. “Would you mind helping me with these heavy boxes?” _______
A. “Yes, I would.” B. “Not at all.” C. “What a pity!” D. “My
Gosh!”
13. There should be no discrimination on _______ of sex, race or religion.
A. fields B. places C. areas D. grounds
14. He felt _______ when he failed the exams the second time.
A. discouraged B. annoyed C. undecided D. determined
15. He gave me his personal _______ that his draft would be ready by Friday. A. endurance
B. insurance C. assurance D. ensurance
15. It’s high time we got going, _______?
A. isn’t it B. didn’t it C. should we D. aren’t we
17. The weather forecast was for rain, but the day was fine and dry, _____ it turned out.
A. When B. though C. like D. as
18. The book would have been perfect _______ the ending.
A. it had not been for B. hadn’t it been for C. it hadn’t been
to D. had it not been for
19. The film is ______ released at the end of next year.
A. on the verge of being B. due to be

8|Page
C. about to be D. on the point of being
20. “Why did Laura go to town?”
“_______ for was to attend an interview.”
A. What she went B. That she went C. Why she went D. She w

Part 2. Find and correct ten mistakes in the following passage. You should indicate in which line the mistake is. (5
pts)

When we first took our children to sea with us, it was rare to come cross other family on sailing boats.
Usually such meetings resulted in the children quickly making friends, while we parents discuss how we
managed. At firstly, I was worried about taking children to sea and I had many questions however I would
amuse them? What if they fell ill at sea? Add to such questions was the major problem of their education.
When we set out on our voyage, my duaghter was seven, my son five, and we planned to sail for three
years. That we only returned to england six years late with 60,000 miles behind us and children of thirteen
and eleven years old, is an indicate of how my worries had been answered. One change over these years
has been the increasing in the number of parents who take their children to sea on long voyages.

Part 3. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or particle. (5 points) 1.
The new regulations have thrown _______ a few problems for the company.
2. The workers were rather cynical after the meeting. Most of them were _______ no illusions that the
management would take their complaints seriously.
2. Jack took early retirement as he was losing his grip _______ the job.
3. He scolded her so much that she was reduced _______ tears by the end of the meeting.
4. The sudden movement of the train threw me _______ balance and I fell head-first down the steps.
5. The price of shares in the company went up _______ over 50% when they announced the discovery of the
new oilfield.
6. Ron usually primes himself _______ plenty of black coffee before starting the night shift.
7. We still haven’t sold the house because the buyers went back on their word and pulled ___ ___ the deal.
8. Hi Brenda, Peter here. I’m just ringing _______ to say I’ve got two tickets for the concert on Saturday night.
Fancy coming?
9. The group rounded _______ the concert with their greatest hits. So everyone went home happy.
10. As there was no official at the gate, Diana got ___ ____ not buying an entrance ticket.
11. His company went bankrupt, three years of hard work _______ the drain.
12. She is putting _______ a little each month for her studies in Queenstown.
13. The oral examination was difficult. The examiner tried to catch me _______ by asking some tricky
questions.
14. They should be able to settle their differences without resorting _______ violence.
15. The small boat drifted helplessly _______ the mercy of the wind and waves.
16. I find it very hard to commit historical dates _______ memory.
17. If you would like to wait a moment, Sir, I will just call _______ your file on the computer screen.
18. Quick, I haven’t got a pen. Can you jot Jack’s phone number _______ for me?
19. When I was a student, I eked _______ what little money I had by buying only second-hand clothes.

Part [Link] the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. (5 pts) The stretch of water
which (1. separate) _____________ Britain from France and the rest of mainland Europe (2. always play)

9|Page
_________________ a significant role in British history. Saturday, 1st December 1990 was no ordinary day in the
Channel’s long history. At 11.00 a.m, two miners, one French and one English, (3. cut) ______________ through
the last few centimeters of chalk (4. separate) _______________ the UK from mainland Europe. It was the first
land connection since the Ice age.

Work began on Europe tunnel in 1987. It (5. also know) ___________________ as the Channel Tunnel, the
Chunnel or Trans Manche link. It (6. build) ___________________ by an AngloFrench engineering company,
Eurotunnel, across 34 km of water from Cheriton (near Folkstones in SE England) to Coquilles (near Calais in
NW France). A smaller central service tunnel (7. build) ___________________ (8. use) ___________________
by workers and engineers for maintenance work and emergencies. The two outer tunnels (9. carry)
___________________ high speed passenger and freight trains. Cars and lorries (10. also transport)
___________________ by train.

The tunnel (11. expect) _______________ (12. have) _________________an effect on British
industry and (13. certainly boost)
the tourist industry. Journeys between Britain and Europe (14. be) ___________________ quicker and more
reliable for both holiday makers and business people. Lorry drivers (15. be) ___________________ able to relax
and (16. enjoy) ___________________ their shorter Channel crossing. Only one question (17. remain)
___________________. With the sea no longer (18. act) ___________________ as a natural barrier, swimmers
(19. continue0 ___________________ to try to swim the Channel as they (20. do) ___________________ for
years? Part 5. Write the correct form of the word given in brackets. (5 pts)
WOMEN ONLY
Increasingly, women are taking their holidays without men. For _____ (1. SAFE) reasons, camaraderie or just
plain fun, a growing number of female tourists are singing up for women-only trips. Twenty years ago only a
_____ (2. HAND) of companies offered such holidays; now there are several hundred. Travel _____ (3.
CONSULT) Andre Littlewood says that the combination of higher incomes with delayed marriage, divorce,
retirement and widowhood has _____ (4. ABLE) more women to travel, often on their own. They are attracted by
the sense of _____ (5. FREE) that a holiday without men affords them. “Women in a group tend to feel _____ (6.
INHIBIT) and speak more openly than when men are around”, she adds. “Even on energy-sapping adventure
holidays the atmosphere is relaxed and _____ (7. CO-OPERATE). It’s also a great deal more fun. Women laugh
more _____ (8. READY) than men, probably because they don’t mind laughing at themselves.” Since her divorce
Janice Cummings has been a regular traveler with Everywoman Tours, and Oxford-based Company whose very
name is a _____ (9. DETER) to men. “And a good thing too,” she says. “Men simply cannot resist the _____ (10.
TEMPT) to try and take control, no matter where they are. And that includes on holiday. Thankfully, there is none
of that with Everywoman.”
Part 6. Complete the text below by filling in each gap a conjunction or preposition given. Some
conjunctions or prepositions are used more than once. (5 pts)

but despite however nevertheless though

on the contrary whereas while yet
THE ELGIN MARBLES
The Elgin Marbles are statues which date back to the 5th century BC. Though they were created in Greece and
were located there until the late 18th century, they are now exhibited in the British Museum, London.
The statues used to be in Athens (1)________ they were bought in 1799 by the Englishman Lord Elgin, who
wanted to bring them back to Britain as part of his personal art collection. (2)________, on the sea voyage back to

10 | P a g e
England, the ship carrying them was sunk and the ‘Marbles’ were temporarily lost. It would be an incredibly
expensive operation to recover them. (3)________, Elgin did so, and even though he was a very rich man, he
placed himself in enormous debt. Despite his own desires, he had to sell the Marbles to the British Government to
recover his losses and they were housed in the British Museum, where they have remained ever since.
In recent times, (4)________, the statues have become the subject of debate between Britain and Greece and,
indeed, among British historians and archaeologists. (5)________ the Greek authorities have requested the return
of the Marbles on many occasions, the request has always been refused. There are arguments on both sides. Some
people believe that it would be foolish to return them, valid (6)________ the Greek request may be, because of the
pollution that is affecting the Parthenon and the possibility of earthquakes in Greece. Restored to the Parthenon,
the Marbles could be exposed to damage, (7)________ they are safe in the British Museum.
Of course, there are equally compelling arguments for their return, especially on the moral level. It cannot be
denied, (8)________ the material safety the statues enjoy in Britain, that they are part of the Greek heritage. Many
people also refute the argument that Athens would not be a safe place for them. (9)________, they claim that if the
statues were returned to Greece, a new state-ofthe-art building would be constructed to house them, where they
would be both safe and in their rightful environment. Furthermore, the British authorities have long used the
argument that works of art should not be subject to ‘ownership’, but should be kept where they are accessible to
most people. (10)________ in the past they have returned a number of cultural artefacts from other civilisations to
their origins.
The argument continues, and is likely to do so for some time in the future.
D. READING: (30 pts)
Part 1. Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.
(7.5 pts)
Sleeping disorders like insomnia can (1) _________ to be a worrying question for many of us. Almost anyone can
easily conjure (2) ________ at least one sleepless night of (3) ________ and turning in bed awaiting the bliss of a
deep dream. Most probably, a third of us (4) _______ the distressing experience at least once a week.
Even though it is possible for people to (5) _________ without any sleep at all for a certain period of time, such
occurrences are rather few and far (6) _____ and there is no evidence to (7) _________this assumption. What is
sure, however, is the fact that we do need some sleep to regenerate our strength and to (8) _____ the brain to its
proper activity. No wonder, then, that the tiredness and fatigue that appear after a sleepless night (9) _______
many of us to go for chemical support in the form of sleep (10) _______ tablets or powders.

However long the problem of sleeplessness has afflicted many individuals, very little has been (11) _______ in
the question of its original causes. We are conscious that it usually (12) ________ those who are exposed to a great
deal of stress, anxiety or depression. It may also be (13) _______ by overworking or unfavorable surroundings
with scarcity of fresh air.

Sleeping pills may provide some relief and can act as an alternative in this desperate situation. Yet, they do little
to combat the ailment in full. Consequently, our hopes should be (14) _________ on the medical authorities to
(15) ________ the root cause of insomnia before we take to being nocturnals leading our noisy lives in the dead of
night.

1. A. present B. entail C. realize D. prove

11 | P a g e
1. A. up B. about C. off D. out
2. A. rolling B. wriggling C. tossing D. spinning
3. A. underpass B. undergo C. underlie D. undertake
4. A. operate B. process C. function D. perform
5. A. between B. along C. within D. beyond
6. A. proclaim B. endure C. invalidate D. substantiate
7. A. recuperate B. restore C. revive D. resume
8. A. exert B. affect C. enforce D. compel
9. A. inducing B. attaining C. exacting D. contributing
10. A. disparaged B. retrieved C. detected D. originated
11. A. betrays B. besets C. bemoans D. bestows
12. A. engendered B. applied C. instigated D. evolved
13. A. placed B. ascribed C. focused D. attached
14. A. emerge B. release C. determine D. confess

Part 2. Complete the following extract from a pamphlet on deafness by writing the missing words in the spaces
provided. Use only one word in each space. (7.5 pts)

This pamphlet is not about empty statements and false promises, rather it is concerned with the cooperation
needed by deaf people from those who speak to them. Any person who is willing to give their cooperation by
practising the following points will not only make conservation easier (1) …………..deaf people, but also for (2)
………..
Please avoid shouting at deaf people (3) …………….possible. shouting contorts the face of the speaker (4)
………..the embarrassment of the listener, and (5) …………the conservation unnatural and strained. Speech is
usually (6) ……….heard when it is given in a clear voice (7) …………..slightly louder (8) ……………normal.

Clarity (9) ……………than volume is often the main requirement when speaking. Many deaf people have some
ability to lip-read, (10) ………..going to lip-reading classes. Some partially deaf people (11) ……………practise
this skill without realising it. They feel that they can hear a speaker (12) ……………when he is facing them. In
actual fact, this probably isn’t the case, (13) …………………they are likely to understand (14)
…………..accurately because what they only partially hear is assisted (15) ………………what they also see in
the speaker’s expressions and lipmovements.

Part 3: You are going to read an extract from an article. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best
according to the text. (5 pts)

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 Leakey’s Achievement
Although he made his name with his archeological finds of early humans, Richard Leakey became famous as the
conservationist who turned the tide against elephant poaching. Bringing the slaughter of Kenya's elephants under
control required a military solution, and Leakey was not afraid to apply it. Many poachers were killed, giving
Leakey a reputation for being a cold- blooded obsessive who put animals before people. Moreover, his efforts to
eradicate corruption in Kenya's wildlife management system won him many enemies.

But the birth of the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), the eradication of elephant poaching and the ban on the
international trade in ivory are his legacy, and they form the basis of Wildlife Wars. This surprisingly personal
memoir has much to tell about the fragile relationships between conservationists and governments. It is a story not
only of Kenya, but of the continuing cost of trying to save the world's wildlife from extinction.

Life for the average person in Africa is tough, and basic needs are far from being met. This is the background
against which Leakey fought his war, and he constantly refers to the threat poverty poses to the preservation of
Africa's spectacular wildlife. Leakey's argument, here and in recent lectures, is that national parks managed
exclusively for biodiversity protection must be created, and that this protection of our wildlife heritage should be
funded by international sources.

However, in the early 1990s the development agencies favoured "community-based" conservation. Leakey's stand
on protection of parks was seen as a lack of respect for local communities, and used against him when he resigned
as head of the KWS in 1994. Recently donors and conservationists have come to recognise the limitations of
purely local conservation programmes; there is a growing consensus that the poor are unlikely to manage wildlife
resources wisely for the long term because their needs are immediate.

Wildlife Wars continues where Leakey's memoir One Life left off. It spans a 13-year period, beginning in 1989
when Leakey became head of the KWS. Then the elephant slaughter was at its height across Africa; it is estimated
that between 1975 and 1989 the international markets for ivory in Europe, the United States and Asia led to the
death of 1.2 m elephants, slaughtered for their ivory to make piano keys, games and fashion accessories. Kenya's
herds were reduced by more than 85% by armed poachers, who turned their guns on anything and anyone. To stop
this killing required changing the perceptions of ivory users so as to eliminate the markets, as well as mounting an
armed force against the poachers.

With both humour and seriousness, Leakey explains the sacrifices he had to make in order to see his vision succeed.

Despite the gravity of the situation, Leakey makes light of the sometimes comical circumstances, although
it is clear that his life was at risk many times and he worked under tremendous pressure. For many, however, the
real question is why this paleoanthropologist should risk his life for wildlife. The answer may lie in Leakey's own
depiction of himself, although obviously aggressive and driven while running KWS, as essentially reflective.
Presenting in moving terms his introduction to elephant emotions and society, he describes his outrage at the moral
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and ethical implications of poaching and culling for ivory, arguing that elephants, apes, whales and dolphins have
emotions so like those of humans that they deserve to be treated as such.

Hard-core wildlife groups sniggered at his 'bunny- hugging' tendencies, but they underestimated his impact. It is
impossible to put a value on Leakey's work during those years. As the elephant population began to recover,
Kenya's tourist industry revived to become the country's main source of revenue. An international awareness
campaign centred on an ivory bonfire, which led to the ban on ivory trade and the collapse of ivory prices.

1. Richard Leakey is most well-known for

A. increasing wildlife budgets. B. successfully stopping illegal hunting.
C. removing the ban on the ivory trade. D. helping to identify man’s origins.
2. The word poaching in paragraph 1 is closest meaning to
A. cooking B. approaching C. hunting illegal D. stealing
3. The word fragile in paragraph 2 has the opposite meaning to
A. sturdy B. delicate C. flimsy D. brittle
4. In paragraph 3, Leakey makes the point that A. conservation
should be global responsibility.

B. a war must be fought against poverty.

B. Africa’s wildlife is an international attraction.
C. There is insufficient money to establish parks.
5. It is now becoming accepted that
A. Leakey had no regard for local communities.
A. conservation programs should be under local control
B. donors have not yet received sufficient recognition.
C. poverty makes regional conservation programmes unreliable.
6. The writers says that between 1975 and 1989
A. the perceptions of the use of ivory changed. B. elephants were used to make piano keys.
C. the elephant population was decimated. D. demand for ivory began to decrease.
7. Leakey considers himself
A. amusing B. sentimental C. contemplative D. obsessive
8. The word gravity in paragraph 6 is closest meaning to
A. importance B. force C. weight D. seriousness
9. What does the writer imply in the last paragraph?
A. a disease had affected elephants. B. Leakey’s views are overly sentimental.
C. Leakey’s success in doubt. D. Leakey’s work had wide-range effects.
10. This passage is taken from
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A. an article about endangered species. B. a book about Richard Leakey.
C. an article about Kenya. D. a book review

Part 4. Read the following texts about some famous walls around the world, then choose from the four texts about
walls (A-D) to answer the questions that follow. The texts may be chosen more than once.
A GUIDE TO GREAT WALLS
A.
Erected in 1961 to prevent East German citizens crossing to the West, the Berlin Wall initially consisted mainly of
barbed wire and armed guards. Within months a concrete wall began to appear, to be replaced on three separate
occasions by ever more sophisticated versions, increasingly resistant to breakthroughs. On the east side of the
wall, tank traps and ditches were built as protection against attack, and as a further deterrent to would-be escapees.
Although over 170 people lost their lives in Berlin trying to flee to the West, human will and ingenuity often
prevailed, with a number of successful escape attempts via tunnels and, on one occasion, in a home-made hot air
balloon. The 107-kilometre-long structure lost its relevance in 1989, when Hungary allowed East Germans to pass
through their country on their way to Austria and West Germany, and after travel restrictions were lifted, people
began to demolish whole sections of the wall. Now very little of it remains and the land has been used for housing
and other property development. B.
Stretching for several thousand kilometres from the east coast of the country to the Gobi Desert, the Great Wall of
China is said to be the only man-made structure visible from outer space. The oldest section was begun in 221 BC,
using soldiers and local people, as well as intellectuals who had been sentenced to forced labour under the
repressive Qin dynasty. Not surprisingly, the layers of compacted earth used to construct the wall soon began to
crumble, and it was left to the later Han dynasty to restore and add to it.
By now the wall had evolved from a mere defence system for keeping out marauding tribes into a safe haven
where trade could flourish, and bustling market towns sprang up at the many busy gates. But the ornate and
imposing structure with which we are familiar from photographs was not added until the fourteenth century by
Ming, using advanced brick-building technology. It was he who joined the three separate walls to create this truly
impressive feat of construction.

C.
Situated in the north of England at one of the narrowest parts of the country, Hadrian’s Wall is arguably the most
important monument built by the Romans in Britain. Construction of the wall began in 120 AD on the orders of
Emperor Hadrian, who wanted to mark the northernmost boundary of his Empire. The 117-kilometre wall was
manned by thousands of troops, who kept watch from numerous turrets and mile castles, and who lived in a series
of forts situated at strategic locations.
In the centuries following its abandonment around 400 AD, its stones were used by local people to build houses,
walls and even churches. Nevertheless, spectacular stretches of the wall remain and a number of forts and
museums along its length can be visited, providing a fascinating glimpse into the lives of the Roman soldiers who
patrolled it. Although built of stone, the wall itself is vulnerable to erosion and visitors are discouraged from
walking on it. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987, Hadrian’s Wall ranks alongside some of the
more famous architectural treasures in the world.

According to the information given in the texts, which wall … 1. can be seen from
a great distance?
2. is susceptible to damage?
2. quickly fell into disrepair?
3. is no longer very much in evidence?
4. is a series of different walls which were connected?
5. was built with the help of prisoners?
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6. is compared favourably with other ancient monuments?
7. became unnecessary as a result of events elsewhere?
8. proved to be an ideal site for commercial activity?
9. did not always achieve its purpose?

E. WRITING: (20 pts)

Part 1:(5 pts)
Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one printed above.
1. The car has leather seats.
The seats …………………………………………………….…………………………..
1. In the event of nuclear weapons being used, we are all doomed.
If it should ……………………………………………………........................................
2. Success in the academic field depends on your ability to amass qualifications.
The more ………………………………………………………………………..………
3. Mr. Tipper’s wife was very sorry she couldn’t celebrate the New Year with her husband.
Mrs. Tipper greatly……………………………………………………………………
4. The collision didn’t damage my car much.
Not a great………………………………………..……………………………………
5. Something must be done quickly to solve the problem of homelessness.
Urgent …………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. We’ve been trying to sell our house for well over six months.
Our house ……………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Her success went beyond her expectation.
Never ……………………………………………………………………………………………
8. I wasn’t a bit surprised to hear that Karen had changed her job.
It came …………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Just thinking about his face at that moment makes me laugh.
The very ………………………………………………………………………………………
Part 2: “School extra activities are beneficial to students’ life.” Do you agree with this statement? Write a paragraph
of about 180 words to state your viewpoint. (15 pts)

I. Choose the word - A, B, C or D - that has its underlined part pronounced differently from the other three in each
question. (2.5pts)
1. A. mischief B. relief C. belief D. chief
2. A. canary B. share C. baron D. pharaoh
3. A. chorus B. chore C. chronicle D. synchronize
4. A. perfect B. correct C. hectare D. select
5. A. southern B. truth C. south D. cloth
II. Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others by circling A, B, C, or D. (2.5pts)
1. A. admirable B. accessible C. compatible D. respiratory

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1. A. humane B. unite C. colleague D. canteen
2. A. descent B. dissent C. discontent D. content
3. A. eradicate B. kilometer C. characterize D. communism
4. A. technical B. origin C. agriculture D. cathedral PART III: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
(30 pts)

I. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in each gap in the following sentences.
(5pts)
1. He got his university degree last year. Now he’s doing ............ studies.
A. graduate B. graduating C. postgraduation D. graduation
2. I will only sign the papers ............ my solicitor.
A. within reach B. of the agreement of
C. under surveillance of D. in the presence of
3............. our pre-paid order, they failed to send us the items in time.
A. With respect to B. Regardless of
C. On behalf of D Without any notice of
4. Not only……….in the project, but he also wanted to become the leader.

A. did Jack involve B. had Jack been involved

C. was Jack involved D. Jack was involved
4. I assure you that I ............ no prejudice against what you are doing.
A. harbour B. shelter C. imply D. shadow
5. I felt a bit ............and seemed to have more aches and pains than usual.
A. out of sorts B. on the mend C. over the worst D. under the fevers

6. The inn owner was so generous. What we consumed was ............ the house.
A. in B. on C. off D. of
7. Although the cyclist was unhurt, his bicycle was ............ between the lorry and the wall.

A. clapped B. crushed C. split D. banged

8. The school was closed for a month because of a serious ............ of fever.
A. outcome B. outburst C. outset D. outbreak
9. You should iron out the ............ in that dress.
A. wrinkles B. crumples C. folds D. creases
10. I don’t think he’s ever been there, ............?
A. do I B. has he C. do you D. hasn’t he
11. I would appreciate ............ it a secret
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A. you to keep B. your keeping C. that you keep D. that you will keep

12. After congratulating his team, the coach left, allowing the players to let their ............ down for a while.

A. hair B. heads C. hearts D. souls

13. ............there are more cars in Los Angeles than people.
A. Fact that B. As fact that is C. The fact that D. It is a fact that
14. The management are making ............ to increase the company’s efficiency.
A. measures B. steps C. moves D. deeds
15. They had a four-day holiday, then began work ............
A. on end B. out of bounds C. in proportions D. in earnest
16. The draw’ took place yesterday, but the competition winners ............
A. are yet to be announced B. haven’t been yet announced
C. yet are to be announced D. haven’t announced yet
17. I haven’t seen Jane for nearly ten years, ............she had got married and had two children.

A. for that duration B. at that point C. during which time D. in that time

18. He is a nice guy but I don’t know why he ............so rude today.
A. is B. has been C. is being D. is to be
19. Lisa: “It’s nearly the end of the holiday already.” Mary: “........................!”
A. How time flies B. Let’s call it a day
C. It’s a small world D. There’s nothing to it
II. Identify 10 errors in the following passage and correct them.(5pts)
The Chinese are very generous when it comes to the education of their children. No caring about the
money, parents often send their children to the best schools or even abroad to England, the United States or
Australia. They also want their children to take extra- course activities which they will either learn a
musical instrument or ballet, or other classes which will give them a head start in life. The Chinese believe
that the most expensive an education is, the better it is. So parents will spend an unreasonable amount of
money on education. Even poor couples will buy a computer for their son or daughter. However, what
most parents fail to see is that the best early education they can give their children is usually very cheap.
Parents can see that their children’s skills vary, skilled in some areas while poor in the others. What most
parents fail to realize, though, is that today children lack self-respect and self-confidence. The problem is
that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well,
but parents are not teaching them the most important skills they need to be confident, happy, or clever.
Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills as cooking, sewing, and doing another housework.

18 | P a g e
Teaching a child to cook will improve much of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking demands
patience and time. It is an enjoyable but difficult experience. A good cook always tries to improve his
cooking, so he will learn to work hard and gradually finish his job successfully. His result, a well-cook
dinner, will give him much satisfaction and a lot of self-confidence.
1 _____ ______ 2 _____ ______
3 _____ ______ 4 _____ ______
5 _____ ______ 6 _____ ______
7 _____ ______ 8 _____ ______
9 _____ ______ 10 _____ ______

III. Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition: (5pts)

1. The murderer has been condemned …………. death.
2. I was ill for 2 weeks, so I’ve fallen ………….with my work.
3. My plans for starting a restaurant fell ………….for lack of capital.
4. ………….those present at the ceremony was the local MP, Claire Sims.
5. The cat jumped ………….the wall and landed in next door’s pond.
6. At the library yesterday, I ran ………….an old friend.
7. Before you say no, please calm ………….and listen.
8. How could you stand ………….and watched him beat the children like that?
9. Nobody was taken ………….by his story although it seemed convincing at first.

10. You can’t talk me ………….giving you more money. I’ve given you enough already.

11. The only way one can tell the twins………….is by their haircuts.
12. The death penalty was done ………….in Britain many years ago.
13. Tom got carried ………….by the music and wouldn’t stop singing.
14. The doctor thinks he’ll pull…….……..now. His temperature has gone down.
15. She swims so well that she really should go ………….the competition.
16. Because she kept putting ………….going to the dentist, her toothache got worse.

17. Are you going to sit …………. and let me do everything?

18. The Democratic Party came ………….power this year.
19. This composition would be better if you cut ………….the second paragraph.
20. After the flood, hundreds of volunteers came ………….with offers of assistance.

IV. Use the most suitable form of the verbs in brackets: (5pts)
1. Sally! I..................(expect not) to see you here! What......................(you do) here in New York?
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1. Whatever....................(happen), I......................(meet) you here in a week's time.
2. Since I....................... (pay) for our lunch, I................(try) to attract the waiter’s attention.

3. You (not buy) ....................... your umbrella for we are going by car.
4. You should have been more careful. You (avoid) ……… having had this accident.

5. Not until later did they discover that the picture (steal) …………
6. I waited under the clock! - So did I, but I didn’t see you! We (wait) ...........
under different clocks.
7. She was breathing fast and deep, as if she (run) ………..
8. It is very cold. Mr. Taylor, who has been ill recently, is walking along the road without a coat. He (wear)
……….. a warm coat.

9. He got angry because he hadn’t been accustomed to (make) ……….. fun like that before.

10. Although (found) ……….many centuries earlier, Luxor did not reach preeminence until about 2000 B.C.

11. I would like (give) ………... the chance to explain my point of view, but they weren’t interested.

12. There (be) ..................nothing else to say, he declared the meeting close.
13. The police are stopping all the cars. They (look for) ........................the escaped prison.

14. I didn’t do the test well. I (prepare) ……… it very carefully at home.
15. My uncle would rather that I (not leave) ……….yesterday.
16. Just inside the outer layer of the earth’s atmosphere (be) ……… the elements necessary to protect it from
ultraviolet rays, extreme temperatures, and threatening foreign substances.

V. Give the correct form of the words in brackets. (5pts)

The Desire to Know

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Curiosity goes back to the dawn of human (0) _____ existence _____. EXIST
This irresponsible desire to know is not a (1) _________ of inanimate CHARACTER
objects. Nor does it seem to be attributable to some forms of living
organism which, for that very reason, we can scarcely bring ourselves
to consider alive. A tree, for example, does not display (2) _________ RECOGNISE
curiosity, nor does a sponge or even an oyster. If chance events bring
them poison, predators or parasites, they die as (3) _________ as they
CEREMONIOUS
lived.
DEPEND
Early in the scheme of life, (4) _________ motion was developed by ORDINARY
some organisms. It meant an (5) _________ advance in their control RIGID
of the environment. A moving organism no longer waited in stolid (6)
_________ for food to come its way, but went out after it. The
ZEAL
individual that hesitated in the (7) _________ search for food, or that
CONSERVE
was overly (8) _________ in its investigation, starved.

As organisms grew more complex, more messages of greater variety ROUND

were received from and about the (9) _________ environment. At the
same time, the nervous system, the living
INCREASE

instrument that interprets and stores the data collected by the sense
organs, became (10) _________ complex.

VI. Fill in each gap with the most suitable phrase or sentence provided. Some of the suggested answers do
not fit at all. (5pts)

WELLS AMI BENNETT

During their lifetimes, H.G Wells and Arnold Bennett achieved a public fame of a kind that has been
accorded to (1) .................. before or since. They would not have had it if (2) .................., and yet the
nature of the fame (3) .................. as such. It was essentially that of the journalist, the popular pundit
(4) .................. with complete self - assurance. With Shaw, (5) .................. was also a product of
journalism, they divided between them the empire of the press, (6)
..................

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All that (7) .................. as novelists. Both were men (8) .................. in fiction, to say nothing of their short
stories, Wells wrote nearly fifty novels, Bennett thirty. Of these, perhaps ten of Wells’s are still valuable (9)
.................. if the best of the scientific romances are included, and, (10) .................., five of Bennett’s.

A. they had not been novelists in the first place

A. prepared to pronounce on any subject under the sun
B. the most highly paid writers in the Anglo-Saxon world
C. has nothing to do with their merit
D. more certainly
E. in their own right
F. of vast output
G. if they had wanted to
H. is generally acknowledged
I. whose popular reputation
J. had little to do with their novels
K. was undeniably
L. no other English novelist

PART IV: READING (30 pts)

I. Read the text below and choose the best answer to fill in each gap. (7.5 pts)
English dominates the world of business and is now gradually becoming the language of
politics. People all over the world are benefiting from the spread of English, which is
becoming independent of its origins. However, the dominance of English has produced a
number of (1) _______ effects. One significant after- math has been the fostering of
national antagonisms. A phenomenon like (2) _______ is observable in CanadA. and
particularly in Quebec. Its (3) _______ have long faced the competition between the English
and French languages, as bilingualism promoted by the government of Canada proved to be
an (4) _______ fail- are. Not. only has it failed to unite the (5) _______ of French- and
English- speaking settlers, but it also entailed a great (6) _______ of prejudice and
aggression (7) _______ outsiders. The English language flooded the majority of Canadian
provinces, (8) _______ producing a minority complex, which French Canadians have long
struggled to (9) _______. The impact of the English language on human relations differs in
(10) _______ countries, where it is viewed either as a useful product of modern civilisation,
or as a “killer” language, which endangers cultural uniqueness of the societies it enters. (11)
_______, the final result of its expansion and integration (12) _______ the national life of
its non-native speakers is yet (13) _______ seen and we will have wait (14) _______ more
years to see the precise result of these (15) _______.

1. A. hostile B. adverse C. reverse D. contrary

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2. A. this B. it C. one D. these
3. A. Inheritors B. habitats C. Inhabitants D. inhibitions
4. A. unpredictable B. undeniable C. unique D. sure
5. A. forefathers B. ancestors C. progenitors D. descendants
6. A. much B. many C. deal D. number
7. A. towards B. for C. to D. up to
8. A. since B. despite C. almost D. thus
9. A. overthrow B. overtake C. overcome D. overturn
10. A. particular B. specific C. many D. special
11. A. In contrast B. Yet C. Although D. Therefore
12. A. within B. of C. to D. into
13. A. being B. to have been C. to be D. already
14. A. no B. one C. some D. a few
15. A. changes B. differences C. alternatives D. options
I. Read the text and fill in each gap with one suitable word. (7.5 pts)
Throughout the ages, the (1) .......... of the earth has been built up in some places and worn down in other
places. The wearing down of the land is called erosion.
Wind, water, air, ice and heat all help to (2) ............ erosion. As the wind blows over the land, it often
picks up small grains of sand. When these grains of sand strike (3) .............. solid rocks, the rocks are
slowly worn away. Later, the wind may pick up these new rock particles, and with them wear away other
rocks. In this way even very (4) ... ........ rocks are worn away by the wind.
When articles of rock or soil become (5)…......…. in any way, running water carries them down the
hillsides. Some rock and soil particles are carried into streams. The streams may then carry them into the
(6) .............
Land that is coveredwith trees, grass and other plants wears (7).......…very slowly, and so (8) ..........very
little of its soil. The roots of plants help to hold the rocks and soil in place. When rain falls in a forest, the
leaves of the trees and the soft soil beneath them are able to hold a great deal of water. Water that falls on
grasslands runs away more slowly than does water that falls on (9) .... ..... .... ground. Water that flows
slowly carries fewer soil (10) …......…. than water that flows rapidly. Thus, forests and grasslands help to
slow down erosion.
Even (11) ............. the land is thickly covered with plants, some erosion goes on. Sometimes there is a
long period of rainy weather. In Spring the (12) .............. snow turns to large quantities of water. At these
times the soil cannot (13) ........... all the water. It then runs down hill in streams. As the streams carry away

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some of the soil, the stream (14) ............. gets deeper and deeper. After thousands of years of such
(15) ............., wide valleys are often formed.
III. Read the following passage then choose the best answer to the questions.
(5 pts)
WARNING ON GLOBAL WARMING
Global warming could cause drought and possibly famine in China, the source of much of Hong
Kong’s food, by 2050, a new report predicts. Hong Kong could also be at risk from flooding as sea levels
rose. The report recommends building sea-walls around low-lying areas such as the new port and airport
reclamations. Published by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), the report, which includes work by
members of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, uses the most recent projections on climate
change to point to a gloomy outlook for China.
By 2050 about 30 to 40 per cent of the country will experience changes in the type of vegetation it
supports, with tropical and subtropical forest conditions shifting northward and hot desert conditions rising
in the west where currently the desert is temperate. Crop growing areas will expand but any benefit is
expected to be negated by increased evaporation of moisture, making it too dry to grow crops such as rice.
The growing season also is expected to alter, becoming shorter in southern and central China, the
mainland’s breadbasket. The rapid changes make it unlikely that plants could adapt.
“China will produce smaller crops. In the central and northern areas, and the southern part, there will be
decreased production because of water limitations,” Dr. Rik Leemans, one of the authors of the report, said
during a brief visit to the territory yesterday. Famine could result because of the demands of feeding the
population — particularly if it grows - and the diminished productivity of the land. “It looks very difficult
for the world as a whole,” he said.
Global warming is caused by the burning of large amounts of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, which
release gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. World temperatures already have increased this century by
about 6 degrees Celsius and are projected to rise by between 1.6 degrees and 3.8 degrees by 2100.
Dr. Leemans said China’s reliance on coal-fired power for its industrial growth did not bode well for
the world climate. “I think the political and economic powers in China are much greater than the
environmental powers, and [greenhouse gas emissions] could accelerate,” Dr. Leemans said. “China is not
taking the problem seriously yet, although it is trying to incorporate this kind of research to see what is
going to happen.”
The climate change report, which will be released tomorrow, focuses on China but Mr David Melville
of WWF-Hong Kong said some of the depressing scenarios could apply to the territory. Food supplies, for
instance, could be affected by lower crop yields. “Maybe we could afford to import food from elsewhere
but you have to keep in mind that the type of changes experienced in southern China will take place
elsewhere as well,” he said. Sea levels could rise as glaciers melted and the higher temperatures expanded

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the size of the oceans, threatening much of developed Hong Kong which is built on reclaimed land.
Current projections are that sea levels worldwide will rise by 15 to 90 centimetres by 2100, depending on
whether action is taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
“Hong Kong has substantial areas built on reclaimed land and sea level rises could impact on that, not
only on Chek Lap Kok but the West Kowloon Reclamation and the Central and Western Reclamation - the
whole lot,” Mr Melville said, adding that sea-walls would be needed. Depleted fresh water supplies would
be another problem because increased evaporation would reduce levels. Mr Melville said the general
outlook could be helped if Hong Kong used water less wastefully and encouraged energy efficiency to
reduce fuel-burning. He also called on the West to help China improve its efficiency.
1. Overall, what sort of picture is painted of the future effects of global warming?
A. disastrous
[Link] disastrous
[Link] optimistic
D. on balance things are going to be satisfactory
1. What is this passage?
A. a report
B.a preview of a report
[Link] article describing a response to a report
D. an article previewing a report
2. Mr David Melville suggests that in future more food could be imported into Hong Kong. He thinks these
measures could be _______.

A. efficient B. sufficient C. insufficient D. inefficient

3. The main point of paragraph 3 is to describe _______. A. effects of changes in the climate of China on food
production

[Link] changes in the climate of China

[Link] of changes in the climate of China on the growing season
D. projected future changes in the climate of China
4. The main point of paragraph 5 is to describe _______.
A. global warming
[Link] effects of global warming
[Link] causes and projected effects of global warming
D. the causes and effects of global warming
5. Why does the writer add the information in square brackets in paragraph 5?
A. because the quote is from a second language user whose command of
English is not perfect.
B. because, although they are not part of the original quote, the additional information given is
necessary to understand the statement. C. because the writer is quoting from another source.

D. because the writer wants to emphasize the meaning of these words.

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6. In paragraph 7, which point is Mr Melville NOT making? A. suggesting that there is a potential disaster in
Hong Kong

B. suggesting that reclamation areas are at risk

C. criticising current safeguards
D. making a call for action
7. How would you describe the Dr. Leeman’s attitude towards China?
A. mainly favourable B. critical C. supportive in theory D. admiring
8. In paragraph 2 “negated” is closest in meaning to _______.
A. made possible B. made ineffective C. reduced D. paid for
9. In paragraph 7 “depleted” could be replaced by which of the following?
A. reduced B. poor C. decaying D. decimated
IV. Read the text below and do the tasks that follow. (10 pts)
Climate change and the Inuit
The threat posed by climate change in the Arctic and the problems faced by Canada's Inuit people
A Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to
prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud, following
early thaws. There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes, of
lakes draining into the sea as permafrost melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals
beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us, but in the
Arctic it is already having dramatic effects - if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate, the
Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer. The knock-on effects are likely to include
more warming, cloudier skies, increased precipitation and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly
keen to find out what's going on because they consider the Arctic the 'canary in the mine' for global
warming - a warning of what's in store for the rest of the world.

A For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precarious balance with one of the toughest
environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life. Nobody
knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let
outside experts tell them what's happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their
hard-won autonomy in the country's newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in
this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science.
This is a challenge in itself. C The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that's covered with snow
for most of the year. Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who
calls this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers meagre pickings. Humans first settled in
the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish. The environment tested
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them to the limits: sometimes the colonists were successful, sometimes they failed and vanished. But
around a thousand years ago, one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic
environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing kayaks, sleds, dogs, pottery and iron
tools. They are the ancestors of today's Inuit people.

D Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometres of
rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole. It's currently home to 2,500 people, all but a
handful of them indigenous Inuit. Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and
settled in the territory's 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and
clothing.
Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the
world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around £7,000 a
year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat. Economic opportunities are
scarce, and for many people state benefits are their only income. E While the Inuit may not actually starve if
hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on people's health. Obesity,
heart disease and diabetes are beginning to appear in a people for whom these have never before been problems.
There has been a crisis of identity as the traditional skills of hunting, trapping and preparing skins have begun to
disappear. In Nunavut's 'igloo and email' society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who may
never have been out on the land, there's a high incidence of depression.
F With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of
climate change in the Arctic. Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional
knowledge is vital to the task. And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom, increasingly
referred to as 'Inuit Qaujimajatugangit', or IQ. 'In the early days scientists ignored us when they came up
here to study anything. They just figured these people don't know very much so we won't ask them,' says
John Amagoalik, an Inuit leader and politician. 'But in recent years IQ has had much more credibility and
weight.' In fact it is now a requirement for anyone hoping to get permission to do research that they consult
the communities, who are helping to set the research agenda to reflect their most important concerns. They
can turn down applications from scientists they believe will work against their interests, or research
projects that will impinge too much on their daily lives and traditional activities.

F Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the occupation of the Arctic
doesn't go back far enough. Others, however, point out that the first weather stations in the far north date
back just 50 years. There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge, and despite the scientific
onslaught, many predictions are no more than best guesses. IQ could help to bridge the gap and resolve the
tremendous uncertainty about how much of what we're seeing is natural capriciousness and how much is
the consequence of human activity.

1. Choose the corect heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below. List of Headings i The
reaction of the Inut community of climate change ii understanding of climate change remains limited iii

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 Respect for Inuit opinion grows v A healthier choice of food vi A difficult landscape vii Negative
effects on well-being viii Alarm caused by unprecedented events in th Arctic ix The benefits of an easier
existence

Example Answer

Paragraph A viii

1. ParagraphB

2. Paragraph C
3. Paragraph D
4. Paragraph E
5. Paragraph F
6. Paragraph G

2. Complete the summary of paragraphs C and D below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from paragraphs C and D for each answer.

If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the problems faced by people for
whom this is home. It would clearly be impossible for the people to engage in (7) ..............as a
means of supporting themselves. For thousands of years they have had to rely on catching
(8) ..............and fish as a means of sustenance. The harsh surroundings saw many who tried to
settle there pushed to their limits, although some were successful. The (9) ..............people were
an example of the latter and for them the environment did not prove (6) unmanageable. For the
present inhabitants, life continues to be a struggle. The territory of Nunavut consists of little
more than ice, rock and a few (10) ............... In recent years, many of them have been obliged to
give up their nomadic lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on nature their food and
clothes. imported produce is particularly expensive.

PART V: WRITING (20 pts)

I. Rewrite the following sentences, using the words in the bracket or beginning as shown. The second
sentence must be as close as possible in meaning to the first. (5 pts)
1. Interrupting when someone is speaking is rude. (CUT)
- It’s rude …………………….when someone is speaking.
2. They had to dismantle their vehicles to get them across the gorge. (PIECES)
..............................................................................................
3. I’m interested in finding out something about fire-fighting. (GIVE)
..............................................................................................
4. My father is going to be really angry when he finds out that I’ve lost the car key.
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(WALL)
..............................................................................................
5. The Conservative Party won the election that year. (POWER)
..............................................................................................
6. My brother’s not feeling terribly well these days.
My brother ............................................................................
7. Her success went beyond her expectation.
Never ....................................................................................
8. I wasn’t a bit surprised to hear that Karen had changed her job.
- It came ................................................................................
9. Just thinking about his face at that moment makes me laugh.
The very ................................................................................
9. He had just begun his speech when there was a noise of breaking glass.
- He was on …. .....................................................................
II. Write a paragraph (about 150 words): (15pts) Do you agree with the
following statement :
“Mobile phones are of great use. Therefore students should be allowed to use them at school.”

1. A. motor B. slogan C. proper D. total

2. A. them B. theme C. theory D. bath
3. A. swear B. sight C. same D. sure
4. A. machine B. chamber C. charge D. champion
5. A. woodland B. moorland C. hooked D. woollen
A. Choose the word with the main stress placed differently from that of the others in each group. Write your
answers (A, B, C, or D) in the corresponding numbered boxes.
6. A. migration B. inhabit C. character D. diversity
7. A. statistics B. tolerant C. mechanic D. designer
8. A. acknowledgement B. insufficient C. determinant D. announcement
9. A. intermarriage B. equality C. exceptional D. intensify
10. A. commemorative B. capability C. periodical D. comprehensively
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

III. LEXICO–GRAMMAR (30 points)

Part 1: Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) to each of the following questions and write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes.
1. Helen was ________ disappointed when she learnt that she hadn’t won the beauty contest.
A seriously B bitterly C strongly D heavily
2. The bank employee will ________ trial for embezzlement.
A pass B go through C face D stand
3. Tomorrow we will go fishing, weather ________.
A agreeing B allowing C permitting D giving
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4. Rescue teams continue to search for the people who got lost during the avalanche, but after so many days
hopes are ________.
A dying away B disappearing C fading D flying away
5. Bill Clinton’s love affair with Monica Lewinsky ________ the news in the whole world. People were
constantly chatting about it.
A made B delivered C struck D filled
6. Although Mary and Paul are ________ apart in personality, they make an excellent couple.
A leagues B ways C miles D poles
7. I’d opt for a glass of mineral water just to ________ my thirst.
A quit B quench C quiver D quieten
8. The first amusement park in our city was a ________ success for its owners. Everybody would go there to
have a good time.
A cracking B ringing C sparking D roaring
9. This position is very prestigious, you should ________ to any occasion to prove that you really deserve it.
A assume B rise C conform D endeavour
10. The number of the victims of the earthquake has been ________ at no less than 150.
A amounted B counted C estimated D scored
11. About two hundred illegal immigrants have been ________ from the country.
A expelled B enforced C evicted D expired
12. Tim was praised for having ________ with his research work in spite of increasing difficulties.
A insisted B lasted C sustained D persevered
13. It’s obvious everyone would like to have their ________ in such an important meeting.
A talk B word C claim D say
14. This quiet village is ________ of the one I grew up in.
A reminiscent B similar C remnant D identical
15. Samuel couldn’t find any reasonable arguments to ________ his claims in the court.
A assure B enforce C persist D uphold
16. Bob was in terrible pain, but none of us knew how to ________ his suffering until the ambulance arrived.
A dissolve B exclude C cease D relieve
17. Susan has taken _________ to Peter’s remarks about her appearance.
A annoyance B exception C irritation D nerve
18. The terrorists were asked whether they ________ guilty of the wrongdoing.
A pleaded B confirmed C stated D admitted
19. Frankie has always been held in high ________ among his workmates because of his exceptional skill at
handling the most difficult tasks.
A respect B admiration C prestige D esteem
20. She may still have a few fans in the world, but she is definitely past her ________.
A fame B abilities C prime D fortune

Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

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Part 2: For questions 21–30, read the following text which contains 10 mistakes. Underline the errors and write the
corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Line Wheeled trolley bags have become a essential item of luggage amongst frequent travellers. The compact
version proves particularly useful as a piece of hand luggage. Carrying onboard aeroplanes, it allows you to avoid
the queues at the baggage check-in counters on your outward 5 journey and waiting at the baggage reclaim carousel
in your way home. These days, there are official guidelines regarded the maximum size for hand luggage on
flights, and these stipulated measurements are continuously subject of change. Policies also vary between airlines
and airport as well as being influenced by your eventual destination. The 10 outcome of all this is that travellers are
recommended to check out the lattest luggage restrictions before setting out for the airport.
What’s more, before investing in a trolley bag, it’s wise to run a few checks. You’re likely to be negotiating
uneven surfaces as well as a smooth flooring of airport lounges, so bear on mind that larger wheels are 15 better
able to absorb bumps than their smaller counterparts. Also check the handle. You’re bound to need lifting your bag
at some point in your journey, probably when you are suddenly confronted with an inconvenient flight of step, and
that’s not the moment to discover that the 19 handle is awkward to hold.

Your answers

0. line 1: an 21. 22. 23.

24. 25. 26. 27.
28. 29. 30.

Part 3: For questions 31–50, fill in the gaps in the following sentences with suitable particles. Write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning (0).
0. He finds it hard to put ________ the noise of the nearby factory.
31. He’s the leader ________ name only, his deputy has effectively taken over.
31. He is such a knowledgeable scholar that he can talk about the subject for 3 hours _______ end.
32. I’m sorry, but I’m not ________ liberty to tell you any more.
33. Many people are opposed to abortion ________ principle.
34. Alex lost his job because he just didn’t measure up to the standard required ________ him.
35. John and George were both vying ________ her attention at the party.
36. We’ve left the booking our holiday very late. We really have to decide _______ a date.
37. I was feeling really terrible so I decided to treat myself _______ a nice cake!
38. My new CD player isn’t working, so I’ve got one _______ loan from the shop while mine is being repaired.
39. Although he is a literature student, he has never read a Shakespeare play _______ its entirety, but somehow
he always passes his exams!
40. He was passed _______ in the first time he applied for promotion, but he seems to stand better chance this
time.
41. Everyone can put himself ________ for the chairman of the club.
42. The witness was required to give a detailed account of how the accident came _______.
43. She’s too busy to get _______ to answering all the letters of her fans.
44. He’s entirely unreasonable to take his frustration at work _______ his children.
45. He was deeply upset to discover that he was taken _______ a ride by his best friend.
46. Finally, they decided to settle _______ an apology rather than seek compensation from the tour company.
47. He lost all his money in gambling and had to sell the house which had come ______ him after his parents’
death.
48. Mr John, an impatient and aggressive person, is not at all cut ______ being a teacher.
31 | P a g e
49. It’s been pouring heavily since early morning and it doesn’t look like the rain is going to ease_______ soon.

Part 4: For questions 51–70, complete the following sentences with suitable forms of the verbs in brackets. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning (0).
0. This university ________ (found) in 1958.
51. A lot of people ________ (ask) about the painting, and I always say it’s not for sale.
51. Alice felt very pleased with herself. She ________ (find) what she was looking for.
52. The opposing sides in the war had been fighting since the president ________ (overthrow).
53. By the time the book ________ (publish) next year, no-one will be interested in what scandalous claims it
makes.
54. She became ________ (recognise) as the leading businesswoman of the year.
55. After the interval, she went on ________ (talk) about cultural conflicts.
56. I remember ________ (go) to the bank, but nothing after that.
57. I noticed him ________ (throw) a sweet wrapper on the floor, and I asked him to pick it up.
59-60. The island’s politics ________ (be) complex, with over twelve parties ________ (compete) for power.
61. Of those interviewed, only 20% ________ (admit) to smoking.
61. How on earth do they justify ________ (keep) three dog in such a small flat?
63-64. The judge defer ________ (pass) sentence until the psychiatric reports ________ (submit).
65. ________ (lose) all his money in gambling, he returned to his hometown.
65. The window seat is usually the first one ________ (take).
67-68. If the island ________ (be) still a tourist attraction, last week’s earthquake ________ (cause) far more
deaths.
69-70. If Fleming ________ (discover) penicillin, there ________ (be) more fatalities every year.
Your answers
0. was founded 51. 52.
53. 54. 55.
56. 57. 58.
59. 60. 61.
62. 63. 64.
65. 66. 67.
68. 69. 70.

Part 5: For questions 71-80, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space
in the same line. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning
(0).
LA TOURETTE MONASTERY
Great architecture has never been dependent on the (0)_______ (SPEND) of vast sums of money. One of the
greatest buildings of all time is the monastery of Sainte-Marie de la Tourette near Lyon, consecrated in 1960 and
built cheaply from that most (71)________ (PRETEND) of building materials – concrete. Yet here is a building that

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is at once as poor and as rich as the mendicant monks for whom it was designed and built. Poor in terms of cost
and the materials used to build it, rich in ideas and (72)_________ (SPIRIT).
Today, much new architecture is slick and polished, erected by teams of
(73)_________ (CONTRACT) working to designs fed through very
(74)_________ (RELY) computer programs. The buildings, whether office blocks, shopping malls or schools, are
(75)________ (COST) in absolute terms, yet generally good value for money. Most, however, are (76)________
(SOUL) or even cynical.
La Tourette, by contrast, is a tour de force. Set high on a ridge (77)________ (LOOK) the vineyards of
Beaujolais country, this college and monastery was (78)________ (MISSION) from the great architect Le
Corbusier in 1953. La Tourette marked a profound change in Le Corbusier’s approach to architecture; a move away
from the severe, white geometry of his pre-war years. It also (79)________ (PRESENT) a new architecture for a
church trying to come to terms with a world of (80)_________ (MODERN) and progress.
Your answers
0. expenditure 71. 72. 73.
74. 75. 76. 77.
78. 79. 80.

Part 6: For questions 81-90, complete the text below by filling in each gap a conjunction or preposition given. Some
conjunctions or prepositions are used more than once. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
but despite however nevertheless though
on the contrary whereas while yet
THE ELGIN MARBLES
The Elgin Marbles are statues which date back to the 5th century BC. (0)________ they were created in Greece and
were located there until the late 18th century, they are now exhibited in the British Museum, London.
The statues used to be in Athens (81)________ they were bought in 1799 by the Englishman Lord Elgin, who
wanted to bring them back to Britain as part of his personal art collection. (82)________, on the sea voyage back to
England, the ship carrying them was sunk and the ‘Marbles’ were temporarily lost. It would be an incredibly
expensive operation to recover them. (83)________, Elgin did so, and even though he was a very rich man, he
placed himself in enormous debt. Despite his own desires, he had to sell the Marbles to the British Government to
recover his losses and they were housed in the British Museum, where they have remained ever since.
In recent times, (84)________, the statues have become the subject of debate between Britain and Greece and,
indeed, among British historians and archaeologists. (85)________ the Greek authorities have requested the return
of the Marbles on many occasions, the request has always been refused. There are arguments on both sides. Some
people believe that it would be foolish to return them, valid (86)________ the Greek request may be, because of the
pollution that is affecting the Parthenon and the possibility of earthquakes in Greece. Restored to the Parthenon, the
Marbles could be exposed to damage, (87)________ they are safe in the British Museum.
Of course, there are equally compelling arguments for their return, especially on the moral level. It cannot be
denied, (88)________ the material safety the statues enjoy in Britain, that they are part of the Greek heritage. Many
people also refute the argument that Athens would not be a safe place for them. (89)________, they claim that if the
statues were returned to Greece, a new state-of-the-art building would be constructed to house them, where they
would be both safe and in their rightful environment. Furthermore, the British authorities have long used the
argument that works of art should not be subject to ‘ownership’, but should be kept where they are accessible to
most people. (90)________ in the past they have returned a number of cultural artefacts from other civilisations to
their origins.
The argument continues, and is likely to do so for some time in the future.
Your answers
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 0. Though 81. 82. 83.
84. 85. 86. 87.
88. 89. 90.

IV. READING (30 points)

Part 1: For questions 1–15, read the following passages and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap.
Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning (0).
THE SIBERIAN HUSKY
Siberian Huskies, those beautiful wolf-like canines (0)________ for their strength and racing instinct, are, as
their name (1)________, not native to North America. In 1908, a Russian fur trader by the name of William Goosak
brought the first team of Siberians to Nome, Alaska to compete in a dog sled race. A Danish sailor, Louis Thurstop,
consented to drive the team after being (2)_______ by Goosak. Spectators were not impressed with this
newlyintroduced (3)________ of dog and, (4)________, quickly nicknamed them Siberian rats. These so-called
‘rats’, with (5)________ of 100 to 1 against them, ran a tremendous race and finished in third (6)________.
A spectator at the sporting event, a Scotsman called Fox Ramsay, was (7)________ impressed with the speed
and the (8)________ of these northernbred huskies. So much so that he travelled to Siberia in 1909 in (9)________
of his own (10)_________ of huskies. Later that year, he returned with 60 of the finest dogs to be found in Siberia.
In 1910, he (11)________ three teams in the All-Alaska Sweepstakes, a (12)_________ competition which covered
over 656 kilometres of the roughest (13)________ imaginable. One of his teams (14)________ first, finishing the
race in the (15)________ time of 74 hours and 14 minutes.
0. A common B known C distinct D considered
0. A points B expresses C indicates D marks
1. A pushed B urged C converted D persuaded
2. A make B brand C breed D strain
3. A in fact B actually C really D utterly
4. A stakes B odds C wagers D bets
5. A spot B rank C grade D place
6. A extremely B rightly C completely D absolutely
7. A patience B stability C endurance D tolerance
8. A search B exploration C pursuit D investigation
9. A shoal B swarm C pack D herd
10. A joined B competed C entered D enlisted
11. A tedious B gruelling C tiresome D grilling
12. A landscape B space C terrain D feature
13. A came round B came through C came over D came in
14. A brilliant B staggering C wonderful D stunning Your answers

0. B
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Part 2: For questions 16–30, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE
word in each gap. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning (0).
WHERE HAVE ALL THE GOOD CARTOONS GONE?

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 Childhood will (0)________ be the same again. Remember Saturday mornings spent lounging on the sofa,
hour (16)________ hour, watching your favourite cartoons? (17)________ there have been a better reward for the
long school week that had had to be endured? Bugs Bunny, Donald Duck, Mickey Mouse brought virtually live into
(18)________ living rooms. Back then, they were in black and white, and back then, they were meant to amuse, to
entertain.
It seems (19)________ has changed – and definitely (20)________ the worse. Now when you turn on the
television on a Saturday or Sunday morning, you do (21)________ at your own risk! Be prepared to confront
violence in all its animated glory: exploding bombs, falling buildings, blazing weapons, and bad guy after bad guy.
I don’t see (22)________ is funny about this warped vision of our times and our society. (23)________ do I see
what’s worth watching on these programmes with (24)________ gruesome caricatures of good and evil. Who is
responsible for children’s programming these days?
It cannot be good for today’s youth to be exposed (25)________ this type of entertainment. (26)________ best,
they are missing out (27)________ the humour, sensitivity and moral lessons that were to be had from the cartoons
of old. At worst, their childish brains are (28)________ filled with scenes of nonstop violence and ideas that are
morally corrupt. Childhood should be a time of innocence, short-lived as it (29)________ be in these turbulent
times in which we live. Perhaps we should bear this in mind the next time we see our child glued (30)________ the
TV on a Saturday morning. Your answers
0. never
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

Part 3: For questions 31–40, read the text below and choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write your answers
in corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning (0).
According to the best evidence gathered by space probes and astronomers, Mars is an inhospitable planet, more
similar to Earth’s Moon than to Earth itself–a dry, stark, seemingly lifeless world. Mars’ air pressure is equal to
Earth’s at an altitude of 100,000 feet. The air there is 95 percent carbon dioxide.
Mars has no ozone layer to screen out the sun’s lethal radiation. Daytime temperatures may reach above
freezing, but because the planet is blanketed by the mere wisp of an atmosphere, the heat radiates back into space.
Even at the equator, the temperature drops to –50C (–60F) at night. Today there is no liquid water, although valleys
and channels on the surface show evidence of having been carved by running water. The polar ice caps are made of
frozen water and carbon dioxide, and water may be frozen in the ground as permafrost.
Despite these difficult conditions, certain scientists believe that there is a possibility of transforming Mars into
a more Earth-like planet. Nuclear reactors might be used to melt frozen gases and eventually build up the
atmosphere. This in turn could create a “greenhouse effect” that would stop beat from radiating back into space.
Liquid water could be thawed to form a polar ocean. Once enough ice has melted, suitable plants could be
introduced to build up the level of oxygen in the atmosphere so that, in time, the planet would support animal life
from Earth and even permanent human colonies. “This was once thought to be so far in the future as to be
irrelevant,” said Christopher McKay, a research scientist at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
“But now it’s starting to look practical. We could begin work in four or five decades.”
The idea of “terra-forming” Mars, as enthusiasts call it, has its roots in science fiction. But as researchers
develop a more profound understanding of how Earth’s ecology supports life, they have begun to see how it may be
possible to create similar conditions on Mars. Don’t plan on homesteading on Mars any time soon, though. The
process could take hundreds or even thousands of years to complete and the cost would be staggering.
0. The word “there” in paragraph 1 refers to _______.
A. a point 100 above the Earth C. Mars
A. the Earth’s Moon D. outer space

35 | P a g e
31. With which of the following is the passage primarily concerned? A. The possibility of changing the Martian
environment.
B. The challenge of interplanetary travel.
C. The advantages of establishing colonies on Mars.
D. The need to study the Martian colony.
31. The word “stark” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. harsh B. unknown C. dark D. distant
32. Which of the following does the author NOT list as a characteristic of the planet Mars that would make
colonization difficult? A. There is little liquid water.
B. Daytime temperatures are dangerously high.
C. The sun’s rays are deadly.
D. Nighttime temperatures are extremely low.
33. According to the passage, the Martian atmosphere today consists mainly of ________.
A. carbon dioxide B. oxygen C. ozone D. water vapor
34. It can be inferred from the passage that the “greenhouse effect” mentioned in paragraph 3 is _________.
A. the direct result of nuclear reactions
B. the cause of low temperatures on Mars
C. caused by the introduction of green plants
D. a possible means of warming Mars
35. According to Christopher McKay, the possibility of transforming Mars ________.
A. could only occur in science fiction stories
B. will not begin for hundreds, even thousands of years
C. is completely impractical
D. could be started in forty to fifty years
36. As used in paragraph 4, the term “terra-forming” refers to _________.
A. a process for adapting plants to live on Mars
B. a means of transporting materials through space
C. a method of building housing for colonists on Mars
D. a system of creating Earth-like conditions on other planets
37. The phrase “more profound” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. deeper B. more practical C. more up-to-date D. brighter
38. According to the article, the basic knowledge needed to transform Mars comes from _________.
A. the science of astronomy C. data from space probes
B. a knowledge of Earth’s ecology D. science fiction stories
39. The word “staggering” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. astonishing C. increasing
B. restrictive D. unpredictable

Your answers
0. C
31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

36 | P a g e
Part 4: Read the following extract and answer questions 41–50.
TERROR IN THE MOUNTAINS

A B
What is incredibly beautiful yet absolutely terrifying and deadly at the same time? For anyone
above the snowline in the mountains, there is little doubt about the answer. Avalanche – the word
strikes fear into the heart of any avid skier or climber. For those unfortunate enough to be caught up in
one, there is virtually no warning or time to get out of danger and even less chance of being found. The ‘destroyer’
of the mountains, avalanches can uproot trees, crush whole buildings, and bury people metres deep under solidified
snow. Around the world, as more and more people head to the mountains in winter, there are hundreds of avalanche
fatalities every year.
A snow avalanche is a sudden and extremely fast-moving ‘river’ of snow which races down a mountainside
(there can also be avalanches of rocks, boulders, mud, or sand). There are four main kinds. Loose snow avalanches,
or sluffs, form on very steep slopes. These usually have a ‘teardrop’ shape, starting from a point and widening as
they collect more snow on the way down. Slab avalanches, which are responsible for about 90% of avalanche-
related deaths, occur when a stiff layer of snow fractures or breaks off and slides downhill at incredible speed. This
layer may be hundreds of metres wide and several metres thick. As it tends to compact and set like concrete once it
stops, it is extremely dangerous for anyone buried in the flow. The third type is an isothermal avalanche, which
results from heavy rain leading to the snowpack becoming saturated with water. In the fourth type, air mixes in with
loose snow as the avalanche slides, creating a powder cloud. These powder snow avalanches can be the largest of
all, moving at over 300kmh, with 10,000,000 or more tonnes of snow. They can flow along a valley floor and even
a short distance uphill on the other side.

C Three factors are necessary for an avalanche to form. The first relates to the condition of the snowpack.
Temperature, humidity, and sudden changes in weather conditions all affect the shape and condition of snow
crystals in the snowpack which, in turn, influences the stability of the snowpack. In some cases, weather causes an
improvement in avalanche conditions. For example, low temperature variation in the snowpack and consistent
below-freezing temperatures enable the crystals to compress tightly. On the other hand, if the snow surface melts
and refreezes, this can create an icy or unstable layer.

E The second vital factor is the degree of slope of the mountain. If this is below 25 degrees, there is little
danger of an avalanche. Slopes that are steeper than 60 degrees are also unlikely to set off a major avalanche
as they ‘sluff’ the snow constantly, in a cascade of loose powdery snow which causes minimal danger or

D
damage. This means that slabs of ice or weaknesses in the snowpack have little chance to develop. Thus,
the danger zone covers the 25- to 60-degree range of slopes, with most avalanches being slab avalanches
that begin on slopes of 35 to 45 degrees.
Finally, there is the movement or event that triggers the avalanche. In the case of slab avalanches, this can be
a natural trigger, such as a sudden weather change, a falling tree or a collapsing ice or snow overhang. However, in
most fatal avalanches, it is people who create the trigger by moving through an avalanche-prone area. Snowmobiles
are especially dangerous. On the other hand, contrary to common belief, shouting is not a big enough vibration to
set off a landslide.
For questions 41–45, choose the correct heading for each paragraph A–E from the list of headings
below (i-viii). There are more headings than paragraphs. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes.
List of headings
i. Examples of Major Avalanches ii. Stability
of the Snowpack iii. What
Sets Off an Avalanche?
iv. An Expert’s Comments

v. Steepness of Mountains

vi. Avalanche Peril

37 | P a g e
 vii. An Avalanche Risk Table viii.
Types of Avalanche

41. Paragraph A 42. Paragraph B 43. Paragraph C

44. Paragraph D 45. Paragraph E
Your answers
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
For questions 46–50, Complete the table below. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the reading passage
for each answer. Write your answers in the spaces provided. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Type of avalanche Characteristics
(0)__________ avalanches also known as sluffs; steep slopes; (46)____________
shape; minor risk
Slab avalanches thick layer of snow breaks off; set very hard once they
stop; cause about 90% of (47)__________
Isothermal avalanches caused by weight of (48)__________ mixed in with
the snow
Powder snow avalanches Develop a cloud of loose snow mixed with air;
(49)__________ of all types of avalanche; more
fast and cover a huge distance, even travelling
(50)__________
Your answers
0. loose 46. 47.
48. 49. 50.

V. WRITING (20 points)

Part 1: For questions 1-10, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using
the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word
given. There is an example at the beginning (0).
0. He paid no attention to our warning. notice He ……… took
no notice of …………. our warning.
0. Of course I did not agree to lend them the money. saying It
……………………………………… not agree to lend them the money.
1. Did anything about his behaviour seem unusual to you? strike Did anything about his behaviour
………………………………… unusual?
2. It seems that the thieves escaped in a stolen car. appear
It ………………………………………………… away in a stolen car.
3. I don’t care if she doesn’t write to me. difference It makes no
………………………………………………. in touch or not.
4. I don’t know how he is going to accept the fact that he has lost his job.

terms
38 | P a g e
 I don’t know if he is going to …………………………………….. his job.
5. Finding the survivors is our number one priority. utmost It is of the
………………………………………………. the survivors.
6. George didn’t feel like dancing that night. mood
George …………………………………………….. dancing that night.
7. She didn’t mention her illness at all. reference
She ………………………………………………………… her illness.
8. The ferry timetable can alter depending on the weather. subject The ferry timetable
……………………………… depending on the weather.
9. In the end we did all the housework on Sunday. up We
…………………………………………… all the housework on Sunday.

Part 2: Write a paragraph of about 150 words to express your opinion on the following statement:
“Foreign languages should be banned in preschool education.”

COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ KINH TẾ

Curb inflation : Kiểm soát lạm phát

Rampant inflation : Lạm phát không kiểm soát

Current economic climate : Tình hình tài chính hiện tại

Interest rates : Lãi suất

Invest for the long-term : Đầu tư lâu dài

Uninterrupted economic growth : Sự phát triển liên tục, không bị đứt đoạn

Industry is thriving : Ngành công nghiệp đang phát triển tốt

Safeguard one’s interest : Bảo vệ quyền lợi, lợi nhuận

Increase output : Tăng số lượng sản phẩm đầu ra

Plummeting profits : Lợi nhuận sụt giảm

Public spending : Chi tiêu công

Extend opportunity : Mở rộng cơ hội

Social exclusion : Những vấn đề của tầng lớp yếu thế trong xã hội

39 | P a g e
Levy taxes : Đánh thuế

Allocate resources: Phân chia nguồn tài nguyên

Black economy : Kinh tế ngầm, hình thức kinh doanh bất hợp pháp

Undeclared earnings: Khoản thu nhập không được khai báo với cơ quan thuế Traditional-
manufacturing economy: Nền kinh tế dựa vào sản xuất truyền thống

Knowledge –based economy: Nền kinh tế tri thức

Service-based economy: Nền kinh tế tập trung phát triển dịch vụ

Fast-growing economy: Nền kinh tế có mức tăng trưởng nhanh

Stagnant economy: Nền kinh tế trì trệ, chậm phát triển

The backbone/ The mainstay of economy : Rường cột của nền kinh tế

Expand/stimulate/boost/strengthen economy : Phát triển, mở rộng nền kinh tế

Wreck / Weaken economy: Làm suy yếu nền kinh tế

Economy goes into recession: Nền kinh tế đi vào khủng hoảng

Economy collapses: Nền kinh tế sụp đổ

COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ CÔNG NGHỆ

Modern technology : Công nghệ hiện đại

Advanced technology : Công nghệ tiên tiến

The fast –growth : Sự phát triển nhanh của công nghệ

The prevalence : Sự thịnh hành của công nghệ

The domination of technology : Sự thống trị của công nghệ

Digital age : Thời đại số

Information age : Thời đại thông tin

40 | P a g e
Digital formats : Định dạng số

To be addicted to the Internet : Nghiện Internet

Tech-savvy : Sành điệu, nhạy, giỏi về công nghệ

Go online/ Surf the Internet : Truy cập mạng

Have access to the Internet: Truy cập mạng thành công

Technology-saturated world : Thế giới đắm chìm, say mê công nghệ

Handset devices : Thiết bị cầm tay

Technologically-inclined : Nghiện công nghệ

Over-dependence on technology : Sự quá lệ thuộc vào công nghệ

COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ GIA ĐÌNH

Family patterns / Family structures : Cấu trúc gia đình

Extended family : Gia đình nhiều thế hệ

Nuclear family : Gia đình hạt nhân, bao gồm hai thế hệ

Family background: Nền tảng gia đình

The roles of parents/ : Vai trò của cha mẹ

Balance family tasks and clerical work: Cân bằng giữa công việc gia đình và công việc văn
phòng

Parental control : Sự kiểm soát của bố mẹ Parental affection : Tình

yêu thương của bố mẹ

Parental care : Sự chăm lo của bố mẹ

Raise /bring up/ nurture children : Nuôi dạy con cái

41 | P a g e
Black sheep of the family: Khác biệt Like father, like

son: Giống hệt nhau

Buckle down: Làm việc nghiêm túc

Come hell or high water: Dù có chuyện gì xảy ra đi chăng nữa

Chip off the old block: Con giống ba mẹ như đúc

A red letter day: Ngày đáng nhớ

Like two peas in the same pot: Anh em giống nhau

42 | P a g e
 COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ VĂN HÓA
Cutural tradition : Truyền thống văn hóa

Cultural identity : Bản sắc văn hóa

Cultural diversity : Sự đa dạng văn hóa

Cultural exchange: Trao đổi văn hóa

Cultural assimilation: Sự đồng hóa về văn hóa

Cultural Specificity: Nét đặc trưng về văn hóa

Cultural difference: Sự khác biệt văn hóa

Cultural misconception: Hiểu lầm về văn hóa

Cultural uniqueness: Nét độc đáo trong văn hóa

National indentity: Bản sắc dân tộc Indigenous culture : Văn

hóa bản địa

Time-honored / Long –standing culture : Nền văn hóa lâu đời

Centuries – old customs : Những phong tục có từ ngàn xưa

Customs and habits : Phong tục và tập quán

National culture legacy : Di sản văn hóa quốc gia

Historical sites : Địa điểm lịch sử

Historical buildings :Những công trình lịch sử

Tobe imbued with national identity: Đậm đà bản sắc dân tộc

43 | P a g e
44 | P a g e
 COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ GIÁO DỤC
Higher education : Giáo dục sau đại học

Further education : Giáo dục những bậc học cao hơn

Advanced education : Nền giáo dục tiên tiến

General education : Giáo dục cơ sở, giáo dục nền tảng

Specific education : Giáo dục chuyên sâu

University education : Giáo dục đại học

Vocational training: Đào tạo dạy nghề

Acquire/ obtain knowledge / new skills : Đạt được kiến thức, kỹ năng mới

Knowledge acquisition / Knowledge attainment : Sự tích lũy kiến thức

Distant learning courses/ E-learning courses / online courses : Những khóa học trực tuyến

Exposed to different cultures : Tiếp xúc với nhiều nền văn hóa khác nhau

Meet admissions criteria : Đáp ứng tiêu chuẩn đầu vào

Skilled workers and professionals: Lao động có trình độ cao

Broaden the horizon: Mở rộng hiểu biết

Foster greater inter-cultural communication: Phát triển sự giao lưu văn hóa tốt hơn

Get a globally acceptable qualification: Nhận chứng chỉ được chấp nhận trên toàn cầu

To work your way through university: Vừa làm vừa học

Tuition fees: Học phí

To keep up with your studies: Bắt kịp chương trình học, không bị rớt môn

To fall behind with your studies: Thua sút bạn bè trong việc học

45 | P a g e
Distance learning: Học từ xa, học trực tuyến

To learn something by heart: Học thuộc lòng

State school: Trường công lập

Private school: Trường dân lập

To sit an exam: Làm kiểm tra

A graduation ceremony: Lễ tốt nghiệp

To attend classes: Đi đến lớp

Gain/obtain knowledge: Tích luỹ kiến thức

Contribute to society: Đóng góp cho xã hội

COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ QUẢNG CÁO

Advertising company : Công ty quảng cáo

Advertising Agency : Đại lý quảng cáo

Advertising Campaign : Chiến dịch quảng cáo

Advertising on the Internet: Quảng cáo online, quảng cáo trên mạng

Sales promotion: Khuyến mãi

Crazy sales : Đại hạ giá

Advertising temptation : Sự cám dỗ từ quảng cáo

Advertising appeal: Sức hút của quảng cáo

The far-reaching influences of advertising : Những ảnh hưởng lan rộng của quảng cáo

Charity event/ fundraising event : Sự kiện từ thiện, gây quỹ

Unique Selling Proposition/ Point: Định vị ưu thế sản phẩm khác biệt

Marketing executive/ Marketer : Nhân viên tiếp thị

46 | P a g e
Promote products/ Launch products : Quảng bá sản phấm / Tung ra sản phẩm

Mainstream products: Những sản phẩm chủ đạo

Target customer: Khách hàng mục tiêu

Potential customer: Khách hàng tiềm năng

COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ DU LỊCH, MẠO

HIỂM
A sense of adventure: Cảm giác phiêu lưu mạo hiểm

Arduous journey: Chuyến đi mệt mỏi, khó khăn

A low-cost airline: Hàng không giá rẻ

An intrepid explorer: Một nhà thám hiểm dũng cảm, không sợ nguy hiểm

Unexplored wilderness: Nơi hoang dã, chưa được khám phá

To break the journey: Bỏ ngang giữa chừng.

To have a stopover: Nghỉ ngắn giữa cuộc hành trình dài, thường là đi bằng máy bay

To put somebody on standby: Bắt ai đó phải chờ đến khi có chỗ ngồi

To go trekking: Đi bộ, leo núi

To have a thirst for adventure: Có niềm khao khát được đi thám hiểm

To get itchy feet: Ngứa ngáy chân tay (nghĩa bóng)

To get hopelessly lost: Bị lạc

To send out a search party: Gửi một đội tìm kiếm

Sunny-spells: Những ngày nắng đẹp (đối lập với những ngày mưa liên tục – liên quan đến thời tiết
ở Anh) -> mang ý nghĩa thời tiết tốt.
47 | P a g e
To boost the spirit: Làm ai đó cảm thấy phấn chấn, yêu đời, vui vẻ

To face the severe weather conditions: Đối mặt với tình hình thời tiết khắc nghiệt

Spirit + to be + high: Tinh thần phấn chấn, yêu đời

Sheer epic grandeur: Cảnh tượng hùng vĩ, kỳ vĩ

To have a special charm: Vẻ đẹp đặc biệt

To keep one’s eyes peeled: Mở to mắt (informal) – nghĩa bóng là cố gắng tìm kiếm

(Budget) to stretch to something: Cannot afford something = không đủ tiền

To lull somebody to sleep: Ru ai đó vào giấc ngủ

Leg of the journey: Phần của chuyến đi

48 | P a g e
 COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ GIAO THÔNG
Heavy traffic: Giao thông đông đúc, nhiều xe cộ

Dense traffic: Giao thông đông đến mức xe nọ sát xe kia, xe cộ dày đặc

Lengthy delay: Bị trì hoãn, mất nhiều thời gian To die

down: Dần dần trở nên bớt tắc nghẽn to be stuck in traffic:

Bị tắc đường

To tail back (traffic): Tạo thành một hàng dài (khi tắc đường)

To build up: Dần dần tăng lên

To case off: To die down

To be severely disrupted: Không hoạt động trơn tru như bình thường, bị tê liệt

To be diverted: Bắt buộc phải đi đường khác

An automatic car: Một cái xe số tự động (không phải lên số, chỉ có chế độ lái tiến lùi)

A manual car: Xe số sàn (phải lên số, có cần gạt số)

A valid driving licence: Bằng lái xe có hiệu lực

To take driving test: Thi lấy bằng lái

To get into reverse: Lái xe đi lùi

To change gear: Đổi số xe (lái ô tô số sàn)

49 | P a g e
To grind the gears: Lên số sai (chưa cắt côn đã lên số hoặc lên nhầm số, thường sẽ tạo ra tiếng
động)

To bear left: Rẽ trái

Right-hand-drive car: Xe có vô lăng bên tay phải, sử dụng ở Anh, Thái Lan...

To keep to the left: Lái xe về bên tay trái, đi về bên tay trái (phổ biến ở đa số nước thuộc địa cũ
của Anh và Anh)

Pedestrian crossing: phần đường dành cho người đi bộ đi bộ

Parking charge: phí đỗ xe

The fork on the road: ngã ba trên đường

Accident black spot: đoạn đường hay xảy ra tai nạn

The dead end: con đường cụt

Heavy goods vehicle: xe chở hàng cồng kềnh

Road fatalities: tai nạn xe chết người

A burst of speed: chạy quá tốc độ

Be involved in an accident: liên quan đến vụ tai nạn

Packed like sardines: đông nghẹt

Rush hour: giờ cao điểm

Driving age: độ tuổi lái xe

Motorway intersections: ngã tư trên xa lộ

Dual carriageway: xa lộ hai chiều

50 | P a g e
 COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ THỜI TRANG
Designer label: Hàng hiệu của các nhà thiết kế, hàng thiết kế

High-street fashion: Quần áo mua ở cửa hàng bình thường

A stunning range of something: Một dòng sản phẩm đẹp, đặc biệt, nổi bật

Glossy magazines: Những tạp chí như Elle, Vogue... thường được in bằng giấy dày, chất lượng cao
với nhiều hình ảnh đẹp

To launch a new collection: Tung ra một bộ sưu tập mới.

New season’s look: Mốt thời trang mới

To set the trend: Tạo xu hướng

To hit the highstreet: Được sử dụng đại trà và được bán ở các cửa hàng bình thường.

A hugely popular look: Một mốt phổ biến, nhiều người mặc

Fashion victim: Nạn nhân thời trang, người luôn chạy theo bất kỳ mốt thời trang nào dù trông ngớ
ngẩn, kệch cỡm

Excruciatingly uncomfortable shoes: Đôi giày tạo cảm giác đi khó chịu

To be back in fashion: Một mốt từ thời xưa nay đã trở lại

COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ LỄ HỘI

The festive season: Mùa lễ hội

A rich tradition: Giàu truyền thống về cái gì

A proud tradition: Truyền thống đáng tự hào

The festival falls on + date: Dịp lễ hội rơi vào thời điểm nào

51 | P a g e
The festival celebrates something: Lễ hội tổ chức để kỷ niệm, ăn mừng cái gì

To uphold the annual tradition: Duy trì truyền thống gì

To hold an unusual festival: Tổ chức một lễ hội kỳ lạ

The tradition dates back to + time: Truyền thống này bắt đầu từ thời điểm nào

To join in the festivities: Tham gia các hoạt động của lễ hội

To be in festive mood: Không khí lễ hội, tâm trạng vui vẻ vào ngày lễ

To put on a fireworks display: Trình diễn pháo hoa

The age-old tradition: Truyền thống cổ

The event marks something <-> Festival marks: Sự kiện đánh dấu gì

Cultural heritage: Di sản văn hoá

To observe a festival: Tới xem lễ hội nào đó

A break with tradition: Một sự thay đổi so với truyền thống

COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ CƯỚI

Marry (v) somebody ~ get/ be married TO somebody: Kết hôn với ai

To get hitched <-> Get married: Get hitched là cách nói trong informal English.

To tie the knot <-> Get hitched (informal English): Cưới

Pre-wedding nerves: Sự lo lắng trước đám cưới

To be joined in matrimony: Bắt đầu thành vợ chồng (cách nói hay được dùng trong nghi thức
đám cưới)

To propose a toast: Nâng cốc chúc mừng (thường sử dụng với hàm ý hài hước)

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Wedded bliss: Hạnh phúc sau ngày cưới (sử dụng với ý nghĩa vui vẻ, hài hước)

COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ CUỘC HỘI

THOẠI
Iddle chatter: Nói chuyện lúc rảnh rỗi, nói những chuyện phiếm

To exchange pleasantries: Trò chuyện một cách lịch sự (formal English)

Juicy gossip: Những thông tin thú vị hoặc gây sốc liên quan tới đời tư của người khác.

To exchange news: Trao đổi thông tin, tin tức

To spread rumours: Lan truyền tin đồn

Rumours are always flying around: Lời đồn đại luôn tồn tại trong cuộc sống của chúng ta

To engage someone in conversation: Nói chuyện với ai đó

To open your heart: Mở lòng

To draw into an argument: Bị hút vào cuộc tranh luận

To win an argument: Thắng trong một cuộc tranh luận

To lose an argument: Thua trong lúc tranh luận

To carry on conversation: Tiếp tục cuộc trò chuyện

To hold a conversation: Duy trì cuộc đối thoại

To broach the subject: Bắt đầu thảo luận về một chủ đề khó

To change the subject: Thay đổi chủ đề

To bring up the subject: Đưa ra một chủ đề để thảo luận

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To drop the subject: Dừng bàn luận về chủ đề đó

To overstate one’s case: Nói quá lên về mức độ nghiêm trọng của một vấn đề nào đó

To bombard somebody with questions: Hỏi ai đó nhiều câu hỏi

Broad generalisations: Nói những điều chung chung

Foul language: Bad language nhưng ý nghĩa mạnh và tiêu cực hơn bad language

Four-letter words: Từ vựng kém

Opening gambit: Mở đầu một cách ấn tượng có chủ đích

A rash promise: Lời hứa nói ra nhưng không được suy nghĩ, lời hứa đầu môi trót lưỡi

An empty promise: Lời hứa mà người nói không có ý định thực hiện

A tough question: Một câu hỏi khó để trả lời

COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ GIẢI TRÍ

To play host to something: Cung cấp cơ sở vật chất, chủ trì, tổ chức

To make somebody welcome: Chào mừng ai đó

To find time to pay somebody a visit: Thu xếp thời gian để tới thăm ai đó

To join the festivities: Tham gia các hoạt động ở lễ hội

To attend a formal function: Đến dự với tư cách chính thức

A family gathering: Một buổi tụ tập gia đình, thường là để kỷ niệm một dịp nào đó

Wine and dine: Một bữa tối và đồ uống đi kèm

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A convivial atmosphere: Bầu không khí thân thiện, ấm cúng, sử dụng trong formal English

The perfect venue: Địa điểm hoàn hảo để tổ chức gặp mặt hoặc các sự kiện cộng đồng

COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ INTERNET

Internet provider : Người cung cấp Internet

Internet traffic : Lượt truy cập Internet

Internet dating : Hẹn hò trên mạng

Internet security : An ninh mạng

Internet fraud / Internet scam : Lừa đảo trên mạng

Internet age : Thời đại Internet

Internet transaction : Giao dịch trên Internet

Use/access/log onto the Internet : Sử dụng / truy cập / đăng nhập Internet

Go on the Internet / surf the Internet : Lướt net

Scour the Internet : Lùng sục, tìm kiếm trên Internet

Buy something over the Internet : Mua thứ gì đó trên Internet

The proliferation of the Internet : Sự phát triển nhanh của Internet

Internet addicts : Người nghiện Internet

To immerse yourself in the Internet : Chìm đắm trong Internet

To live on the Internet : Sống ảo

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To be addicted to the Internet : Nghiện Internet

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 COLLOCATION CHỦ ĐỀ HOẠT ĐỘNG CÁ
NHÂN
A flying visit: Một cuộc thăm viếng không kéo dài

A girls’ night out: Một buổi tối đi chơi chỉ toàn con gái

To go out for a meal: Đi ra ngoài ăn

To stick to diet: Ăn kiêng

To spring a surprise on somebody: Đem đến bất ngờ cho ai đó

To call for celebration: Biểu thị ý nghĩa việc tổ chức ăn mừng, kỷ niệm là hợp lý

To put in an appearance: Tới tham dự nhưng chỉ tới trong chốc lát rồi đi về

To spend quality time: Dành thời gian toàn tâm toàn ý cho ai đó

A whirlwin visit: Một chuyến đi thăm ngắn ngủi và bận rộn, nhiều việc phải làm

Social whirl: Bận rộn với nhiều việc

To go clubbing: Đi bar, đi club

COLOCATIONS TOPIC SOCIAL

ISSUES
Social welfare: Phúc lợi xã hội

Social Security: An sinh xã hội

Social Fabric: Kết cấu xã hội

Social hierarchy: Giai cấp xã hội, sự phân tầng trong xã hội

Social campaigns: Các chiến dịch xã hội

Antisocial behaviors: Những hành vi chống đối xã hội

Issues concerning environment /terrorism /Illegal immigration: Vấn đề liên quan đến môi
trường/ khủng bố/ nhập cư trái phép
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Thorny iue: Vấn đề hóc búa, khó khăn

Complex issue: Vấn đề phức tạp, rắc rối

Unresolved issue: Vấn đề chưa được giải quyết

Clarify an issue: Làm rõ vấn đề

Highlight an issue: Nhấn mạnh vấn đề

Settle an issue: Làm dịu vấn đề (gây tranh cãi) xuống

Ongoing problem: Vấn đề đang diễn ra

Pervasive problem: Vấn đề đang diễn ra ở khắp nhiều nơi, có tính lây lan

Insurmountable problem: Vấn đề nan giải Daunting problem:

Vấn đề dễ làm nản chí

Outstanding problem: Vấn đề tồn đọng

To be faced with a problem: Đối mặt với một vấn đề

Analyze a problem: Phân tích một vấn đề

Tackle/address a problem: giải quyết một vấn đề

Gain insight into a problem: Tìm hiểu kỹ một vấn đề

To be deep in thought about a problem: Suy nghĩ, cân nhắc một vấn đề

Environmental Pollution: Ô nhiễm môi trường

Illegal Immigration: Nhập cư bất hợp pháp

Terrorism: Khủng bố /Chủ nghĩa khủng bố

Poverty: Sự đói nghèo

Racism: Nạn phân biệt chủng tộc

Domestic violence: Bạo lực gia đình

Child abuse: Lạm dụng trẻ em

Overpopulation: Sự bùng nổ dân số

Gun ownership: Quyền sở hữu súng ống

Juvenile delinquency: Tội phạm vị thành niên

Human rights: Nhân quyền

Human exploitation: Sự khai thác con người

Social inequality: Bất bình đẳng xã hội

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Political unrests/ Political conflicts: Những bất ổn/mâu thuẫn về chính trị

Same-sex marriage: Hôn nhân đồng tính

Brain drain: Tình trạng chảy máu chất xám

Teen suicide: Sự tự tử trong giới trẻ

Abortion: Tình trạng nạo phá thai

Prostitution: Nạn mại dâm

Unemployment: Tình trạng thất nghiệp

Traffic congestion: Sự tắc nghẽn giao thông

Fresh water shortage / Fresh water scarcity: Sự khan hiếm, thiếu hụt nguồn nước sạch

Growing gap between rich and poor states: Khoảng cách giàu nghèo gia tang

Economic inequality: Bất bình đẳng về kinh tế

Gender imbalance: Sự thiếu cân bằng về giới tính

Run-down areas: Những khu vực đang ở trong tình trạng tồi tệ

Forces for good: Dùng để chỉ những ảnh hương tích cực được gây ra bởi các chính sách, nghị định
nào đó

Long-term measures >< Short-term measures: Những giải pháp lâu dài><tức thời

Novel solutions: Các giải pháp mới, cấp tiến

A fresh drive: Một nỗ lực mới nhằm thay đổi, điều chỉnh những vấn đề còn tồn đọng

Nguồn: Sưu tầm

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