PROBLEM 4.

127

The couple M is applied to a beam of the cross section shown in a

plane forming an angle β with the vertical. Determine the stress at
(a) point A, (b) point B, (c) point D.

SOLUTION

1
Iz = (80)(100)3 = 6.6667 × 106 mm 4 = 6.6667 × 10−6 m 4
12
1
I y = (100)(80)3 = 4.2667 × 106 mm 4 = 4.2667 × 10−6 m 4
12
y A = − yB = − yD = 50 mm
z A = z B = − z D = 40 mm
M y = −250 sin 30° = −125 N ⋅ m
M z = 250 cos 30° = 216.51 N ⋅ m

M z yA M y zA (216.51)(0.050) (−125)(0.040)
(a) σA = − + =− +
Iz Iy 6.6667 × 10−6 4.2667 × 10−6

= −2.80 × 106 Pa σ A = −2.80 MPa 

M z yB M y z B (216.51)(−0.050) (−125)(0.040)
(b) σB = − + =− +
Iz Iy 6.6667 × 10−6 4.2667 × 10−6

= 0.452 × 103 Pa σ B = 0.452 MPa 

M z yD M y z D (216.51)( −0.050) (−125)(−0.040)

(c) σD = − + =− +
Iz Iy 6.6667 × 10−6 4.2667 × 10−6

= 2.80 × 106 Pa σ D = 2.80 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.128

The couple M is applied to a beam of the cross section shown in a plane

forming an angle β with the vertical. Determine the stress at (a) point A,
(b) point B, (c) point D.

SOLUTION

1
Iz = (80)(32)3 = 218.45 × 103 mm 4 = 218.45 × 10−9 m 4
12
1
I y = (32)(80)3 = 1.36533 × 106 mm 4 = 1.36533 × 10−6 m 4
12
y A = yB = − yD = 16 mm
z A = − z B = − z D = 40 mm

M y = 300cos30° = 259.81 N ⋅ m M z = 300sin 30° = 150 N ⋅ m

M z yA M y zA (150)(16 × 10−3 ) (259.81)(40 × 10−3 )

(a) σA = − + =− +
Iz Iy 218.45 × 10−9 1.36533 × 10−6

= −3.37 × 106 Pa σ A = −3.37 MPa 

M z yB M y z B (150)(16 × 10−3 ) (259.81)(−40 × 10−3 )

(b) σB = − + =− +
Iz Iy 218.45 × 10−9 1.36533 × 10−6

= −18.60 × 106 Pa σ B = −18.60 MPa 

M z yD M y z D (150)(−16 × 10−3 ) (259.81)(−40 × 10−3 )

(c) σD = − + =− +
Iz Iy 218.45 × 10−9 1.36533 × 10−6

= 3.37 × 106 Pa σ D = 3.37 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.130

The couple M is applied to a beam of the cross section shown in a

plane forming an angle β with the vertical. Determine the stress at
(a) point A, (b) point B, (c) point D.

SOLUTION
Locate centroid
A, mm 2 z , mm A z , mm 3
 10000 −25 −250000
 5000 50 250000
Σ 15000 0

The centroid lies at point C

1 1
Iz = (50)(200)3 + (100)(50)3 = 34.375 × 106 mm 4
12 12
1 1
I y = (200)(50) + (50)(100)3 = 25 × 106 mm 4
3
3 3
y A = − yB = 25 mm, yD = −100 mm
z A = z B = −100 mm, z D = 0
M z = 1 cos 20° = 0.94 kNm
M y = 1 sin 20° = 0.342 kNm
M z yA M y z A (940)(0.025) (342)(−0.1)
(a) σA = − + =− + = 2.05 MPa 
Iz Iy 34.375 × 10−6 25 × 10−6
M z yB M y z B (940)(−0.025) (342)(−0.1)
(b) σB = − + =− + = −0.684 MPa 
Iz Iy 34.375 × 10−6 25 × 10−6
M z yD M y z D (940)(−0.1) (342)(0)
(c) σD = − + =− −6
+ = 2.73 MPa 
Iz Iy 34.375 × 10 25 × 10−6

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 PROBLEM 4.131

The couple M is applied to a beam of the cross section shown in a

plane forming an angle β with the vertical. Determine the stress at
(a) point A, (b) point B, (c) point D.

SOLUTION

M y = 25sin 15° = 6.4705 kN ⋅ m

M z = 25cos15° = 24.148 kN ⋅ m
1 1
Iy = (80)(90)3 + (80)(30)3 = 5.04 × 106 mm 4
12 12
−6
I y = 5.04 × 10 m 4

1 1 1
I z = (90)(60)3 + (60)(20)3 + (30)(100)3 = 16.64 × 106 mm 4 = 16.64 × 10−6 m 4
3 3 3
M yz Mzy
Stress: σ = −
Iy Iz

(6.4705 kN ⋅ m)(0.045 m) (24.148 kN ⋅ m)(0.060 m)

(a) σA = −
5.04 × 10−6 m 4 16.64 × 10−6 m 4
= 57.772 MPa − 87.072 MPa σ A = −29.3 MPa 
(6.4705 kN ⋅ m)(−0.045 m) (24.148 kN ⋅ m)(0.060 m)
(b) σB = −
5.04 × 10−6 m 4 16.64 × 10−6 m 4
= −57.772 MPa − 87.072 MPa σ B = −144.8 MPa 
(6.4705 kN ⋅ m)(−0.015 m) (24.148 kN ⋅ m)( −0.100 m)
(c) σD = −
5.04 × 10−6 m 4 16.64 × 10−6 m 4
= −19.257 MPa + 145.12 MPa σ D = −125.9 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.132

The couple M is applied to a beam of the cross section shown in a

plane forming an angle β with the vertical. Determine the stress at
(a) point A, (b) point B, (c) point D.

SOLUTION
1
Flange: Iz = (200)(12)3 + (200)(12)(119)2
12
= 34015200 mm 4
1
Iy = (12)(200)3 = 8 × 106 mm 4
12
1
Web: I z = (8)(226)3 = 7695451 mm4
12
1
I y = (226)(8)3 = 9643 mm 4
12
Total: I z = (2)(34015200) + 7695451 = 75725851 mm 4
I y = (2)(8 × 106 ) + 9643 = 16009643 mm 4
y A = yB = − yD = 125 mm;
z A = − z B = − zC = 100 mm
M z = 28 cos 30° = 24.25 kNm
M y = −28 sin 30° = −14 kNm
M z yA M y z A (24.25 × 103 )(0.125) (−14 × 103 )(0.1)
(a) σA = − + =− + = −127.5 MPa 
Iz Iy 75725851 × 10−12 16009643 × 10−12
M z yB M y z B (24250)(0.125) (−14000)(−0.1)
(b) σB = − + =− −12
+ = 47.4 MPa 
Iz Iy 75725851 × 10 16009643 × 10−12
M z yD M y z D (24250)(−0.125) (−14000)(−0.1)
(c) σD = − + =− −12
+ = 127.5 MPa 
Iz Iy 75725851 × 10 16009643 × 10−12

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 PROBLEM 4.133

The couple M is applied to a beam of the cross section shown in a

plane forming an angle β with the vertical. Determine the stress at
(a) point A, (b) point B, (c) point D.

SOLUTION
1 1
Iz = (140)(70)3 − (120)(50)3 = 2.7517 × 106 mm 4
12 12
= 2.7517 × 10−6 m 4
1 1
I y = (70)(140)3 − (50)(120)3 = 8.8067 × 106 mm 4
12 12
−6
= 8.8067 × 10 m 4

y A = yB = − yD = 35 mm = 0.035 m
z A = − z B = − z D = 70 mm = 0.070 m
M z = M sin15° = (15 × 103 ) sin 15° = 3.8823 × 103 N ⋅ m
M y = M cos15° = (15 × 103 ) cos 15° = 14.4889 × 103 N ⋅ m
M z yA M y z A (3.8823 × 103 )(0.035) (14.4889 × 103 )(0.070)
(a) σA = − + =− +
Iz Iy 2.7517 × 10−6 8.8067 × 10−6

= 65.8 × 106 Pa σ A = 65.8 MPa 

M z yB M y z B (3.8823 × 103 )(0.035) (14.4889 × 103 )(−0.070)
(b) σB = − + =− +
Iz Iy 2.7517 × 10−6 8.8067 × 10−6

= −164.5 × 106 Pa σ B = −164.5 MPa 

M z yD M y z D (3.8823 × 103 )(−0.035) (14.4889 × 103 )(−0.070)
(c) σD = − + =− +
Iz Iy 2.7517 × 10−6 8.8067 × 10−6

= −65.8 × 106 Pa σ D = −65.8 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.135

The couple M acts in a vertical plane and is applied to a beam oriented

as shown. Determine (a) the angle that the neutral axis forms with the
horizontal, (b) the maximum tensile stress in the beam.

SOLUTION

For C 200 × 17.1 rolled steel shape, I z = 0.538 × 106 mm 4 = 0.538 × 10−6 m 4
I y = 13.4 × 106 mm 4 = 13.4 × 10−6 m 4

1
zE = zD = − z A = − zB = (203) = 101.5 mm
2
yD = yB = −14.4 mm yE = y A = 57 − 14.4 = 42.6 mm
M z = (2.8 × 103 ) cos 10° = 2.7575 × 103 N ⋅ m
M y = (2.8 × 103 ) sin 10° = 486.21 N ⋅ m

(a) Angle of neutral axis.

Iz 0.538
tan ϕ = tan θ = tan10° = 0.007079 ϕ = 0.4056°
Iy 13.4

α = 10° − 0.4056° α = 9.59° 

(b) Maximum tensile stress occurs at point D.

M z yD M y z D (2.7575 × 103 )(−14.4 × 10−3 ) (486.21)(0.1015)
σD = − + =− +
Iz Iy 0.538 × 10−6 13.4 × 10−6

= 73.807 × 106 + 3.682 × 106 = 77.5 × 106 Pa σ D = 77.5 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.136

The couple M acts in a vertical plane and is applied to a beam oriented as shown.
Determine (a) the angle that the neutral axis forms with the horizontal, (b) the
maximum tensile stress in the beam.

SOLUTION

For W 310 × 38.7 rolled steel shape,

I z = 85.1 × 106 mm 4 = 85.1 × 10−6 m 4

I y = 7.27 × 106 mm 4 = 7.27 × 10−6 m 4
1
y A = yB = − yD = − yE =   (310) = 155 mm
2
1
z A = z E = − z B = − z D =   (165) = 82.5 mm
2
M z = (16 × 103 ) cos 15° = 15.455 × 103 N ⋅ m
M y = (16 × 103 ) sin 15° = 4.1411 × 103 N ⋅ m

(a) Angle of neutral axis.

Iz 85.1 × 10−6
tan ϕ = tan θ = tan15° = 3.1365
Iy 7.27 × 10−6

ϕ = 72.3°
α = 72.3° − 15° α = 57.3° 
(b) Maximum tensile stress occurs at point E.
M z yE M y z E
σE = − +
Iz Iy
(15.455 × 103 )(−155 × 10−3 ) (4.1411 × 103 )(82.5 × 10−3 )
=− +
85.1 × 10−6 7.27 × 10−6

= 75.1 × 106 Pa σ E = 75.1 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.138

The couple M acts in a vertical plane and is applied to a beam oriented

as shown. Determine (a) the angle that the neutral axis forms with the
horizontal, (b) the maximum tensile stress in the beam.

SOLUTION

I z′ = 176.9 × 103 mm4 = 176.9 × 10−9 m4

I y′ = 281 × 103 mm4 = 281 × 10−9 m4
y′E = −18.57 mm, z E = 25 mm
M z ′ = 400 cos 30° = 346.41 N ⋅ m
M y′ = 400sin 30° = 200 N ⋅ m

I z′ 176.9 × 10−9
(a) tan ϕ = tan θ = ⋅ tan 30° = 0.36346
I y′ 281 × 10−9
ϕ = 19.97°
α = 30° − 19.97° α = 10.03° 
(b) Maximum tensile stress occurs at point E.
M z′ y′E M y′ z′E (346.41)(−18.57 × 10−3 ) (200)(25 × 10−3 )
σE = − + =− +
I z′ I y′ 176.9 × 10−9 281 × 10−9
= 36.36 × 106 + 17.79 × 106 = 54.2 × 106 Pa
σ E = 54.2 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.139

The couple M acts in a vertical plane and is applied to a beam oriented

as shown. Determine (a) the angle that the neutral axis forms with the
horizontal plane, (b) the maximum tensile stress in the beam.

SOLUTION

For S150 × 18.6 rolled steel shape I z = −9.11 × 106 mm 4 = 9.11 × 10−6 m 4
I y = 0.782 × 106 mm 4 = 0.782 × 10−6 m 4
1
z E = − z A = − z B = z D =   (85) = 42.5 mm
2
1
y A = yB = − yD = − yE =   (152) = 76 mm
2
M z = 1.5 × 103 sin 20° = 0.51303 × 103 N ⋅ m
M y = (1.5 × 103 ) cos 20° = 1.4095 × 103 N ⋅ m
Iz 9.11 × 10−6
(a) tan φ = tan θ = tan(90° − 20°) = 32.007
Iy 0.782 × 10−6
φ = 88.21
α = 88.21 − 70° = 18.21° 
(b) Maximum tensile stress occurs at point D.
M z yD M y Z D (0.51303 × 103 )(−76 × 10−3 ) (1.4095 × 103 )(42.5 × 10−3 )
σD = − + =− +
Iz Iy 9.11 × 10−6 0.782 × 10−6

= 80.9 × 106 Pa = 80.9 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.140

The couple M acts in a vertical plane and is applied to a beam

oriented as shown. Determine (a) the angle that the neutral
axis forms with the horizontal, (b) the maximum tensile stress
in the beam.

SOLUTION

I z′ = 53.6 × 103 mm 4 = 53.6 × 10−9 m 4

I y′ = 14.77 × 103 mm 4 = 14.77 × 10−9 m 4
M z′ = 120 sin 70° = 112.763 N ⋅ m
M y′ = 120 cos 70° = 41.042 N ⋅ m

(a) Angle of neutral axis. θ = 20°.

I z′ 53.6 × 10−9
tan ϕ = tan θ = tan 20° = 1.32084
I y′ 14.77 × 10−9
ϕ = 52.871°
α = 52.871° − 20° α = 32.9° 

(b) The maximum tensile stress occurs at point E.

yE′ = −16 mm = −0.016 m
z E = 10 mm = 0.010 m
M y ′ M y′ z E′
σ E = − z′ E +
I z′ I y′
(112.763)(−0.016) (41.042)(0.010)
=− +
53.6 × 10−9 14.77 × 10−9

= 61.448 × 106 Pa σ E = 61.4 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.141

The couple M acts in a vertical plane and is applied to a beam oriented as

shown. Determine the stress at point A.

SOLUTION

1 
I y = 2  (180)(60)3  = 25.92 × 106 mm 4
6 
1 
I z = 2  (60)(180)3 + (60)(180)(30) 2  = 77.76 × 106 mm 4
 12 
I yz = 2 {(60)(180)(30)(30)} = 19.44 × 106 mm 4
Using Mohr’s circle determine the principal axes and principal moments of inertia.
Y = (25.92 × 106 mm 4 ,19.44 × 106 mm 4 )
Z = (77.76 × 106 mm 4 , − 19.44 × 106 mm 4 )
E = (51.84 × 106 mm 4 , 0)

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 PROBLEM 4.141 (Continued)

DY 19.44
tan 2θ m = =
DE 25.92
2θ m = 36.87° θ m = 18.435°
2 2
R = DE + DY = 32.4 × 106 mm6
I u = (51.84 − 32.4)106 = 19.44 × 106 mm4
I v = (51.84 + 32.4)106 = 84.24 × 106 mm4

M u = 14sin18.435° = 4.43 kNm

M v = 14 cos18.435° = 13.3 kNm
u A = 0.12 cos 18.435° + 0.06 sin 18.435° = 0.1328 m
ν A = −0.12 sin 18.435° + 0.06 cos 18.435° = 0.01897 m
M u Mν
σA = − ν A + u A
Iν Iu
(13300)(0.1328) (4430)(0.01897)
=− +
84.24 × 10−6 19.44 × 10−6
= −16.64 MPa σ A = −16.6 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.142

The couple M acts in a vertical plane and is applied to a beam

oriented as shown. Determine the stress at point A.

SOLUTION

Using Mohr’s circle, determine the principal axes and principal moments of inertia
I yz (106 ) mm4

Y (3.65, 3.45) 106 mm 4

Z (10.1, 3.45) 106 mm 4
E (6.875, 0) 106 mm 4
EF = 3.225 × 106 mm 4
FZ = 3.45 × 106 mm4

FZ 3.45
R = 3.2252 + 3.452 = 4.72 × 106 mm 4 tan 2θ m =
= = 1.0698
EF 3.225
θ m = 23.5° I u = (6.875 − 4.72)104 = 2.155 × 106 mm 4 , I v = (6.875 + 4.72)106 = 11.6 × 106 mm 4
M u = (6.8) sin 23.5° = 2.71 kNm
M v = (6.8) cos 23.5° = 6.24 kNm
u A = y A cos θ m + z A sin θ m = −98cos 23.5° − 27 sin 23.5° = −100.6 mm
v A = z A cos θ m − y A sin θ m = −27 cos 23.5° + 98 sin 23.5° = 14.3 mm
M vu A M u vA (6240)(−0.1006) (2710)(0.0143)
σA = − + =− +
Iv Iu 11.6 × 10−6 2.155 × 10−6
= 72.1 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.143

The couple M acts in a vertical plane and is applied to a beam oriented

as shown. Determine the stress at point A.

SOLUTION
Using Mohr’s circle determine the principal axes and principal moments of inertia.
Y : (1.894, 0.800) × 106 mm 4
Z : (0.614, 0.800) × 106 mm 4
E : (1.254, 0) × 106 mm 4

2 2
R = EF + FZ = 0.6402 + 0.8002 × 10−6 = 1.0245 × 106 mm 4
I v = (1.254 − 1.0245) × 106 mm 4 = 0.2295 × 106 mm 4 = 0.2295 × 10−6 m 4
I u = (1.254 + 1.0245) × 106 mm 4 = 2.2785 × 106 mm 4 = 2.2785 × 10−6 m 4
FZ 0.800 × 106
tan 2θ m = = = 1.25 θ m = 25.67°
FE 0.640 × 106
M v = M cos θ m = (1.2 × 103 ) cos 25.67° = 1.0816 × 103 N ⋅ m
M u = − M sin θ m = −(1.2 × 103 ) sin 25.67° = −0.5198 × 103 N ⋅ m
u A = y A cos θ m − z A sin θ m = 45 cos 25.67° − 45 sin 25.67° = 21.07 mm
v A = z A cos θ m + y A sin θ m = 45 cos 25.67° + 45 sin 25.67° = 60.05 mm
M v u A M u vA (1.0816 × 103 )(21.07 × 10−3 ) (−0.5198 × 103 )(60.05 × 10−3 )
σA = − + =− +
Iv Iu 0.2295 × 10−6 2.2785 × 10−6

= 113.0 × 106 Pa σ A = 113.0 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.144

The tube shown has a uniform wall thickness of 12 mm. For the
loading given, determine (a) the stress at points A and B, (b) the point
where the neutral axis intersects line ABD.

SOLUTION

Add y- and z-axes as shown. Cross section is a 75 mm × 125 mm rectangle with a 51 mm × 101 mm rectangular
cutout.
1 1
Iz = (75)(125)3 − (51)(101)3 = 7.8283 × 106 mm 4 = 7.8283 × 10−6 m 4
12 12
1 1
I y = (125)(75)3 − (101)(51)3 = 3.2781 × 103 mm 4 = 3.2781 × 10−6 m 4
12 12
A = (75)(125) − (51)(101) = 4.224 × 103 mm 2 = 4.224 × 10−3 m 2
Resultant force and bending couples:
P = 14 + 28 + 28 = 70 kN = 70 × 103 N
M z = −(62.5 mm)(14 kN) + (62.5 mm)(28kN) + (62.5 mm)(28 kN) = 2625 N ⋅ m
M y = −(37.5 mm)(14 kN) + (37.5 mm)(28 kN) + (37.5 mm)(28 kN) = −525 N ⋅ m

P M z yA M y zA 70 × 103 (2625)(−0.0625) (−525)(0.0375)

(a) σA = − + = −3
− +
A Iz Iy 4.224 × 10 7.8283 × 10−6 3.2781 × 10−6

= 31.524 × 106 Pa σ A = 31.5 MPa 

P M z yB M y z B 70 × 103 (2625)(0.0625) (−525)(0.0375)

σB = − + = − +
A Iz Iy 4.224 × 10−3 7.8283 × 10−6 3.2781 × 10−6

= −10.39 × 106 Pa σ B = −10.39 MPa 

(b) Let point H be the point where the neutral axis intersects AB.
z H = 0.0375 m, yH = ?, σ H = 0
P M z yH M y z H
0= − +
A Iz Iy

Iz  P Mz H  7.8283 × 10−6  70 × 103 ( −525)(0.0375) 

yH =  + =  + 
A I y  −3
3.2781 × 10−6 
Mz  2625  4.224 × 10
= 0.03151 m = 31.51 mm
31.51 + 62.5 = 94.0 mm Answer: 94.0 mm above point A. 

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 PROBLEM 4.145

Solve Prob. 4.144, assuming that the 28-kN force at point E is

removed.

PROBLEM 4.144 The tube shown has a uniform wall thickness of

12 mm. For the loading given, determine (a) the stress at points A and
B, (b) the point where the neutral axis intersects line ABD.

SOLUTION

Add y- and z-axes as shown. Cross section is a 75 mm × 125 mm rectangle with a 51 mm × 101 mm rectangular
cutout.
1 1
Iz = (75)(125)3 − (51)(101)3 = 7.8283 × 106 mm 4 = 7.8283 × 10−6 m 4
12 12
1 1
I y = (125)(75)3 − (101)(51)3 = 3.2781 × 106 mm 4 = 3.2781 × 10−6 m 4
12 12
A = (75)(125) − (51)(101) = 4.224 × 103 mm 2 = 4.224 × 10−3 m 2
Resultant force and bending couples:
P = 14 + 28 = 42 kN = 42 × 103 N
M z = −(62.5 mm)(14 kN) + (62.5 mm)(28 kN) = 875 N ⋅ m
M y = −(37.5 mm)(14 kN) + (37.5 mm)(28 kN) = 525 N ⋅ m

P M z yA M y zA 42 × 103 (875)(−0.0625) (525)(0.0375)

(a) σA = − + = −3
− +
A Iz Iy 4.224 × 10 7.8283 × 10−6 3.2781 × 10−6

= 22.935 × 106 Pa σ A = 22.9 MPa 

P M z yB M y zB 42 × 103 (875)(0.0625) (525)(0.0375)

σB = − + = − +
A Iz Iy 4.224 × 10−3 7.8283 × 10−6 3.2781 × 10−6

= 8.9631 × 106 Pa σ B = 8.96 MPa 

(b) Let point K be the point where the neutral axis intersects BD.
z K = ?, yK = 0.0625 m, σ H = 0
P M z yH M y z H
0= − +
A Iz Iy
I y  M z yH P  3.2781 × 10−6  (875)(0.0625) 42 × 103 
zH =  − =  −6
− 
M y  Iz A 525  7.8283 × 10 4.224 × 10−3 
= −0.018465 m = −18.465 mm
37.5 + 18.465 = 56.0 mm Answer: 56.0 mm to the right of point B. 

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 PROBLEM 4.149

A horizontal load P of magnitude 100 kN is applied to the beam

shown. Determine the largest distance a for which the maximum
tensile stress in the beam does not exceed 75 MPa.

SOLUTION
Locate the centroid.

A, mm 2 y , mm A y , mm 3
 2000 10 20 × 103
 1200 –10 −12 × 103
Σ 3200 8 × 103

ΣAy
Y =
ΣA
8 × 103
= = 2.5 mm
3200
Move coordinate origin to the centroid.
Coordinates of load point: x p = a , y p = −2.5 mm

Bending couples M x = ypP M y = − aP

1 1
Ix = (100)(20)3 + (2000)(7.5) 2 + (60)(20)3 + (1200)(12.5) 2
12 12
= 0.40667 × 106 mm 4
= 0.40667 × 10−6 m 4

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 PROBLEM 4.149 (Continued)

1 1
Iy = (20)(100)3 + (20)(60) 2 = 2.0267 × 106 mm 4 = 2.0267 × 10−6 m 4
12 12
P Mx y M yx
σ= + − σ A = 75 × 106 Pa, P = 100 × 103 N
A Ix Iy

Ix  P Mx y 
My =  + −σ  For point A x = 50 mm, y = −2.5 mm
x A Ix 
2.0267 × 10−6  100 × 10 (−2.5)(100 × 103 )(−2.5 × 10−3 ) 
3
My =  + − 75 × 106 
50 × 10−3  3200 × 10
−6
0.40667 × 10 −6

2.0267 × 10−6
= −3
{31.25 + 1.537 − 75} × 106 = −1.7111 × 103 N ⋅ m
50 × 10
My (1.7111 × 103 )
a=− =− = 17.11 × 103 m a = 17.11 mm 
P 100 × 103

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 PROBLEM 4.150

The Z section shown is subjected to a couple M 0 acting in a vertical

plane. Determine the largest permissible value of the moment M 0 of the
couple if the maximum stress is not to exceed 80 MPa. Given:
I max = 2.28 × 10−6 mm4 , I min = 0.23 × 10−6 mm4 , principal axes 25.7°
and 64.3° .

SOLUTION

I v = I max = 2.28 × 106 mm 4 = 2.28 × 10−6 m 4

I u = I min = 0.23 × 106 mm 4 = 0.23 × 10−6 m 4
M v = M 0 cos 64.3°
M u = M 0 sin 64.3°
θ = 64.3°
Iv
tan ϕ = tan θ
Iu
2.28 × 10−6
= tan 64.3°
0.23 × 10−6
= 20.597
ϕ = 87.22°
Points A and B are farthest from the neutral axis.
uB = yB cos 64.3° + z B sin 64.3° = (−45) cos 64.3° + (−35) sin 64.3°
= −51.05 mm
vB = z B cos 64.3° − yB sin 64.3° = (−35) cos 64.3° − (−45) sin 64.3°
= +25.37 mm
M vu B M u v B
σB = − +
Iv Iu
(M 0 cos 64.3°)(−51.05 × 10−3 ) (M 0 sin 64.3°)(25.37 × 10−3 )
80 × 106 = − +
2.28 × 10−6 0.23 × 10−6
= 109.1 × 103 M 0

80 × 106
M0 = M 0 = 733 N ⋅ m 
109.1 × 103

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 PROBLEM 4.151

Solve Prob. 4.150 assuming that the couple M 0 acts in a horizontal

plane.

PROBLEM 4.150 The Z section shown is subjected to a couple M 0

acting in a vertical plane. Determine the largest permissible value of the
moment M 0 of the couple if the maximum stress is not to exceed 80
MPa. Given: I max = 2.28 × 10−6 mm4 , I min = 0.23 × 10−6 mm4 ,
principal axes 25.7° and 64.3° .

SOLUTION

I v = I min = 0.23 × 106 mm 4 = 0.23 × 106 m 4

I u = I max = 2.28 × 106 mm 4 = 2.28 × 106 m 4
M v = M 0 cos 64.3°
M u = M 0 sin 64.3°
θ = 64.3°
Iv
tan ϕ = tan θ
Iu
0.23 × 10−6
= tan 64.3°
2.28 × 10−6
= 0.20961
ϕ = 11.84°
Points D and E are farthest from the neutral axis.
uD = yD cos 25.7° − z D sin 25.7° = (−5) cos 25.7° − 45 sin 25.7°
= −24.02 mm
vD = z D cos 25.7° + yD sin 25.7° = 45cos 25.7° + (−5) sin 25.7°
= 38.38 mm
M v u D M u vD (M D cos 64.3°)(−24.02 × 10−3 )
σD = − + =−
Iv Iu 0.23 × 10−6
(M 0 sin 64.3°)(38.38 × 10−3 )
+
2.28 × 10−6
80 × 106 = 60.48 × 103 M 0
M 0 = 1.323 × 103 N ⋅ m M 0 = 1.323 kN ⋅ m 

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 PROBLEM 4.152

A beam having the cross section shown is subjected to a couple

M 0 that acts in a vertical plane. Determine the largest permissible
value of the moment M 0 of the couple if the maximum stress in
the beam is not to exceed 84 MPa. Given: I y = I z = 4.7 × 106 mm4 ,
A = 3064 mm 2 , kmin = 25 mm. (Hint: By reason of symmetry, the
principal axes form an angle of 45° with the coordinate axes. Use
the relations I min = Akmin
2
and I min + I max = I y + I z ).

SOLUTION
M u = M 0 sin 45° = 0.70711 M 0
M v = M 0 cos 45° = 0.7071 M 0
I min = Akmin
2
= (3064)(25) 2 = 1.915 × 106 mm 4
I max = I y + I z − I min = (4.7 + 4.7 − 1.915)106 = 7.485 × 106 mm 4
uB = yB cos 45° + z B sin 45° = −89 cos 45° + 24 sin 45° = −46 mm
vB = z B cos 45° − yB sin 45° = 24 cos 45° − (−89) sin 45° = 80 mm
M v u B M u vB  u v 
σB = − + = −0.70711 M 0  − B + B 
Iv Iu  I min I max 
 (−0.046) 0.08 
= 0.70711 M 0  − −6
+ −6 
= 24543 M 0
 1.915 × 10 7.485 × 10 
σB 84 × 106
M0 = = = 3.42 kNm 
24543 24543

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 PROBLEM 4.153

Solve Prob. 4.152, assuming that the couple M 0 acts in a

horizontal plane.

PROBLEM 4.152 A beam having the cross section shown is

subjected to a couple M 0 that acts in a vertical plane. Determine
the largest permissible value of the moment M 0 of the couple if
the maximum stress in the beam is not to exceed 84 MPa. Given:
I y = I z = 4.7 × 106 mm4 , A = 3064 mm 2 , kmin = 25 mm. (Hint: By
reason of symmetry, the principal axes form an angle of 45° with
the coordinate axes. Use the relations I min = Akmin 2
and
I min + I max = I y + I z )

SOLUTION
M u = M 0 cos 45° = 0.70711 M 0
M v = − M 0 sin 45° = −0.7071 M 0
I min = Akmin
2
= (3064)(25) 2 = 1.915 × 106 mm 4
I max = I y + I z − I min = 106 (4.7 + 4.7 + 1.915) = 7.485 × 106 mm 4
u D = yD cos 45° + z D sin 45° = 24cos 45° + ( −89 sin 45°) = −46 mm
vD = z D cos 45° − yD sin 45° = ( −89) cos 45° − (24) sin 45° = 80 mm
M v uD M uVD  u v 
σD = − + = 0.70711 M 0  − D + D 
Iv Iu  I min I max 
 (−0.046) 0.08 
= 0.70711 M 0  − + = 24543M 0
 1.915 × 10
6
7.485 × 106 
σD 12
M0 = = = 3.42 kNm 
24543 24543

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 PROBLEM 4.154 (Continued)

Point A: u A = 0. vA = −20 2 mm
M vuA M u (0.70711 M 0 )(−20 2 × 10−3 )
σA = − + =0+ −6
= −11.11 × 103 M 0
Iv Iu 0.180 × 10
σA −100 × 106
M0 = − =− = 900 N ⋅ m
111.11 × 103 111.11 × 103
60 20
Point B: uB = − mm, vB = mm
2 2

σB = −
M v u B M u vB
+ =−
(0.70711M 0 )(− 602 × 10−3 ) (0.70711M 0 ) 202 × 10
+
−3
( )
Iv Iv 0.540 × 10−6 0.180 × 10−6
= 111.11 × 103 M 0
σB 100 × 106
M0 = = = 900 N ⋅ m
111.11 × 10−3 111.11 × 10−3
Choose the smaller value. M 0 = 900 N ⋅ m 

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 PROBLEM 4.155

A couple M 0 acting in a vertical plane is applied to a W 310 × 23.8 rolled-steel

beam, whose web forms an angle θ with the vertical. Denoting by σ 0 the maximum
stress in the beam when θ = 0, determine the angle of inclination θ of the beam for
which the maximum stress is 2σ 0.

SOLUTION

For W310 × 23.6 rolled steel section

I z = 42.7 × 106 mm 4 I y = 1.16 × 106 mm 4
d = 305 mm b f = 101 mm
d bf
yA = − zA =
2 2
Iz 42.7
tan ϕ = tan θ = tan θ = 36.81tan θ
Iy 1.16
Point A is farthest from the neutral axis.
M y = M 0 sin θ M z = M 0 cos θ
M z yA M y z A M d M 0b f
σA = − + = 0 cos θ + sin θ
Iz Iy 2I z 2I y

M 0d  I zb f 
= 1 + tan θ 

2I z  I yd 

M d
For θ =0 σ0 = 0
2I z
 Izbf 
σ A = σ 0 1 + tan θ  = 2σ 0
 Iyd 
 
I yd (1.16)(305)
tan θ = = = 0.08204 θ = 4.70° 
I z bp (42.7)(101)

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 PROBLEM 4.156

Show that, if a solid rectangular beam is bent by a couple applied

in a plane containing one diagonal of a rectangular cross section,
the neutral axis will lie along the other diagonal.

SOLUTION

b
tan θ =
h
M z = M cos θ , M z = M sin θ
1 3 1 3
Iz = bh Iy = hb
12 12
1 3
Iz bh b h
tan ϕ = tan θ = 12 ⋅ =
Iy 1
hb3 h b
12
The neutral axis passes through corner A of the diagonal AD. 

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 PROBLEM 4.161

For the curved bar and loading shown, determine the stress point A
when (a) r1 = 30 mm, (b) r1 = 50 mm.

SOLUTION

h = 20 mm A = (30)(20) = 600 mm2

(a) r1 = 30 mm r2 = 50 mm
h 20
R= = = 39.15 mm
r2 5
ln ln
r1 3
1
r = (r1 + r2 ) = 40 mm
2
e = r − R = 0.85 mm
y A = 39.15 − 30 = 9.15 mm rA = r1 = 30 mm
My A (68)(0.00915)
σA = − =− = −4.07 MPa
AerA (600 × 10−6 )(0.0085)(0.03)
−4.07 MPa 
(b) r1 = 50 mm r2 = 70 mm
h 20
R= r2
= = 59.44 mm
ln r1
ln 75
1
r= ( r1 + r2 ) = 60 mm
2
e = r − R = 0.56 mm
y A = 59.44 − 50 = 9.44 mm rA = r1 = 50 mm
My A (68)(0.00944)
σA = − =− = −38.2 MPa
AerA (600 × 10−6 )(0.00056)(0.05)
−38.2 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.162

For the curved bar and loading shown, determine the stress points A
and B when r1 = 40 mm.

SOLUTION
h = 20 mm r1 = 40 mm r2 = 60 mm
A = (30)(20) = 600 mm 2
h 20
R = r = 60 = 49.3261 mm
ln r2 ln 40
1

1
r = (r1 + r2 ) = 50 mm
2
e = r − R = 0.6739 mm
y A = 49.3261 − 40 = 9.3261 mm rA = 40 mm
My A (68)(0.0093261)
σA = − =− = −39.2 MPa
AerA (600 × 10−6 )(0.0006739)(0.04)
−39.2 MPa 
yB = 49.3261 − 60 = −10.6739 rB = 60 mm
MyB (68)(−10.6739)10−3
σB = − =− = 29.9 MPa
AerB (600 × 10−6 )(0.0006739)(0.06)
29.9 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.163

The curved portion of the bar shown has an inner radius of 20 mm.
Knowing that the allowable stress in the bar is 150 MPa, determine the
largest permissible distance a from the line of action of the 3-kN force to
the vertical plane containing the center of curvature of the bar.

SOLUTION
Reduce the internal forces transmitted across section AB to a force-couple system at the centroid of the
section. The bending couple is
M = P( a + r )
For the rectangular section, the neutral axis for bending couple only lies at
h
R= r2
ln r1

Also e = r − R
The maximum compressive stress occurs at point A. It is given by
P My A P P (a + r ) y A P
σA = − − =− − = −K
A Aer1 A Aer1 A

with y A = R − r1
(a + r )( R − r1)
Thus, K =1+
er1

Data: h = 25 mm, r1 = 20 mm, r2 = 45 mm, r = 32.5 mm

25
R= = 30.8288 mm, e = 32.5 − 30.8288 = 1.6712 mm
ln 45
20

b = 25 mm, A = bh = (25)(25) = 625 mm 2 = 625 × 10−6 m 2 R − r1 = 10.8288 mm

P = 3 × 103 N ⋅ m, σ A = −150 × 106 Pa
σ AA(−150 × 106 )(625 × 10−6 )
K =− =− = 31.25
P 3 × 103
( K − 1)er1 (30.25)(1.6712)(20)
a+r = = = 93.37 mm
R − r1 10.8288
a = 93.37 − 32.5 a = 60.9 mm 

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 PROBLEM 4.164

The curved portion of the bar shown has an inner radius of 20 mm.
Knowing that the line of action of the 3-kN force is located at a distance
a = 60 mm from the vertical plane containing the center of curvature of
the bar, determine the largest compressive stress in the bar.

SOLUTION
Reduce the internal forces transmitted across section AB to a force-couple system at the centroid of the
section. The bending couple is
M = P( a + r )
For the rectangular section, the neutral axis for bending couple only lies at
h
R= r2
.
ln r1

Also e = r − R
The maximum compressive stress occurs at point A. It is given by
P My A P P (a + r ) y A P
σA = − − =− − = −K
A Aer1 A Aer1 A

with y A = R − r1
(a + r )( R − r1)
Thus, K =1+
er1

Data: h = 25 mm, r1 = 20 mm, r2 = 45 mm, r = 32.5 mm

25
R= = 30.8288 mm, e = 32.5 − 30.8288 = 1.6712 mm
ln 45
20

b = 25 mm, A = bh = (25)(25) = 625 mm 2 = 625 × 10−6 m 2

a = 60 mm, a + r = 92.5 mm, R − r1 = 10.8288 mm
(92.5)(10.8288)
K =1+ = 30.968 P = 30 × 103 N
(1.6712)(20)
KP (30.968)(3 × 103 )
σA = =− −6
= −148.6 × 106 Pa σ A = −148.6 MPa 
A 625 × 10

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 PROBLEM 4.165

The curved bar shown has a cross section of 40 × 60 mm and an

inner radius r1 = 15 mm. For the loading shown, determine the
largest tensile and compressive stresses.

SOLUTION

h = 40 mm, r1 = 15 mm, r2 = 55mm

A = (60)(40) = 2400 mm 2 = 2400 × 10−6 m 2
h 40
R= = = 30.786 mm
r2 55
ln ln
r1 40
1
r = (r1 + r2 ) = 35 mm
2
My
e = r − R = 4.214 mm σ =−
Aer
At r = 15mm, y = 30.786 − 15 = 15.756 mm

(120)(15.786 × 10−3 )
σ =− = −12.49 × 10−6 Pa
(2400 × 10 −6 )(4.214 × 10 −3 )(15 × 10−3 )
σ = −12.49MPa 
At r = 55mm, y = 30.786 − 55 = −24.214 mm

(120)(−24.214 × 10−3 )
σ =− −6 −3 −3
= 5.22 × 106 Pa
(2400 × 10 )(4.214 × 10 )(55 × 10 )
σ = 5.22 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.166

For the curved bar and loading shown, determine the percent
error introduced in the computation of the maximum stress by
assuming that the bar is straight. Consider the case when
(a) r1 = 20 mm, (b) r1 = 200 mm, (c) r1 = 2 m.

SOLUTION

h = 40 mm, A = (60)(40) = 2400 mm 2 = 2400 × 10−6 m 2 , M = 120 N ⋅ m

1 3 1 1
I = bh = (60)(40)3 = 0.32 × 106 mm 4 = 0.32 × 10 −6 mm 4 , c= h = 20 mm
12 12 2
Assuming that the bar is straight
Mc (120)(20 × 10−8 )
σs = − =− = 7.5 × 106 Pa = 7.5 MPa
I (0.32 × 10−6 )

(a) r1 = 20 mm r2 = 60 mm
h 40
R= = = 36.4096 mm r1 − R = −16.4096 mm
r2 60
ln ln
r1 20

1
r = (r1 + r2 ) = 40 mm e = r − R = 3.5904 mm
2

M (r1 − R) (120)(−16.4096 × 10−3 )

σa = = −6 −3 −3
= −11.426 × 106 Pa = −11.426 MPa
Aer (2400 × 10 )(3.5904 × 10 )(20 × 10 )
−11.426 − (−7.5)
% error = × 100% = −34.4% 
−11.426
For parts (b) and (c), we get the values in the table below:

r1, mm r2 , mm R, mm r , mm e, mm σ , MPa % error

(a) 20 60 36.4096 40 3.5904 −11.426 −34.4 %

(b) 200 240 219.3926 220 0.6074 −7.982 6.0 % 

(c) 2000 2040 2019.9340 2020 0.0660 −7.546 0.6 % 

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 PROBLEM 4.167

The curved bar shown has a cross section of 30 × 30 mm. Knowing

that a = 60 mm, determine the stress at (a) point A, (b) point B.

SOLUTION

Reduce the internal forces transmitted across section AB to a force-couple system at the centroid of the
section. The bending couple is
M = P( a + r )
For the rectangular section, the neutral axis for bending couple only
lies at
h
R= .
r
ln 2
r1
Also e=r −R
The maximum compressive stress occurs at point A. It is given by
P My A P P (a + r ) y A
σA = − − =− −
A Aer1 A Aer1

P
= −K with y A = R − r1
A
(a + r )( R − r1)
Thus, K =1+
er1

Data: h = 30 mm, r1 = 20 mm, r2 = 50 mm, r = 35 mm

30
R= = 32.7407 mm, e = 35 − 32.7407 = 2.2593 mm
50
ln
20
b = 30 mm, A = bh = (30)(30) = 900 mm 2 = 900 × 10−6 m 2
a = 60 mm, a + r = 95 mm, R − r1 = 12.7407 mm
(95)(12.7407)
K =1+ = 27.786
(2.2593)(20)
P = 5 × 103 N

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 PROBLEM 4.167 (Continued)

KP (27.786)(5 × 103 )
(a) σA = − =− = −154.4 × 106 Pa
A 900 × 10−6
σ A = −154.4 MPa 
(b) At point B, yB = r2 − R = 50 − 32.7407 = 17.2953 mm

P MyB P (a + r ) y B 
σB = − + =  −1 + 
A Aer2 A er2 
K ′P (a + r ) yB
= where K ′ = −1
A er2
(95)(17.2953)
K′ = − 1 = 13.545
(2.2593)(50)
(13.545)(5 × 103 )
σB = = 75.2 × 106 Pa
900 × 10−6
σ B = 75.2 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.168

The curved bar shown has a cross section of 30 × 30 mm. Knowing

that the allowable compressive stress is 175 MPa, determine the largest
allowable distance a.

SOLUTION

Reduce the internal forces transmitted across section AB to a force-couple system at the centroid of the
section. The bending couple is
M = P( a + r )

h
For the rectangular section, the neutral axis for bending couple only lies at R = .
r
ln 2
r1
Also e = r − R
The maximum compressive stress occurs at point A. It is given by
P My A P P (a + r ) y A
σA = − − =− −
A Aer1 A Aer1
P
= −K
with y A = R − r1
A
(a + r )( R − r1)
Thus, K = 1 + (1)
er1

30
Data: h = 30 mm, r1 = 20 mm, r2 = 50 mm, r = 35 mm, R = = 32.7407 mm
ln 50
20
e = 35 − 32.7407 = 2.2593 mm, b = 30 mm, R − r1 = 12.7407 mm, a = ?
σ A = −175 MPa = −175 × 106 Pa, P = 5 kN = 5 × 103 N
Aσ A (900 × 10−6 )(−175 × 106 )
K =− =− = 31.5
P 5 × 103
( K − 1)er1
Solving (1) for a + r, a+r =
R − r1
(30.5)(2.2593)(20)
a+r = = 108.17 mm
12.7407
a = 108.17 mm − 35 mm a = 73.2 mm 

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 PROBLEM 4.169

Steel links having the cross section shown are available

with different central angles β . Knowing that the allowable
stress is 100 MPa, determine the largest force P that can
be applied to a link for which β = 90°.

SOLUTION

Reduce section force to a force-couple system at G, the centroid of the cross section AB.
 β
a = r 1 − cos 
 2
The bending couple is M = − Pa
For the rectangular section, the neutral axis for bending couple only lies at
h
R= r2
.
ln r1

Also e = r − R
P My A P Pay A P  ay A  P
At point A the tensile stress is σA = − = + = 1 + =K
A Aer1 A Aer1 A er1  A
ay A
where K =1+ and y A = R − r1
er1
Aσ A
P=
K
Data: r = 22 mm, r1 = 15 mm, r2 = 30 mm, h = 15 mm, b = 6 mm
15
A = (15)(6) = 90 mm 2 , R = 30 = 21.64 mm
ln 15
e = 22 − 21.64 = 0.36 mm, y A = 21.64 − 15 = 6.64 mm
a = 22(1 − cos 45°) = 6.44 mm
(6.44)(6.64)
K =1+ = 8.92
(0.36)(15)
(90 × 10−6 )(100 × 106 )
P= = 1009 N = 1 kN 
8.92

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 PROBLEM 4.170

Solve Prob. 4.169 assuming that β = 60°.

PROBLEM 4.169 Steel links having the cross section shown

are available with different central angles β . Knowing that the
allowable stress is 100 MPa, determine the largest force P that
can be applied to a link for which β = 90°.

SOLUTION

Reduce section force to a force-couple system at G, the centroid of the cross section AB.
 β
a = r 1 − cos 
 2
The bending couple is M = − Pa
For the rectangular section, the neutral axis for bending couple only lies at
h
R= r2
.
ln r1

Also e = r − R
P My A P Pay A P  ay A  P
At point A the tensile stress is σA = − = + = 1 + =K
A Aer1 A Aer1 A er1  A
ay A
where K =1+ and y A = R − r1
er1
Aσ A
P=
K
Data: r = 22 mm, r1 = 15 mm, r2 = 30 mm, h = 15 mm, b = 6 mm
15
A = (6)(15) = 900 mm 2 , R = 30 = 21.64 mm
ln 15
e = 22 − 21.64 = 0.36 mm y A = 21.64 − 15 = 6.64 mm
a = 22(1 − cos 30°) = 2.95 mm
(2.95)(6.64)
K =1+ = 4.627
(0.36)(15)
(900 × 10−6 )(100 × 106 )
P= = 1945 N = 1.945 kN 
4.627

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 PROBLEM 4.171

A machine component has a T-shaped cross section that is orientated

as shown. Knowing that M = 2500 N ⋅ m, determine the stress at
(a) point A, (b) point B.

SOLUTION

A  bi hi  Ai  Ai ri
Properties of the cross section. R= = = r =
1
  dA  bi ln
ri +1 r
 bi ln i +1  Ai
r ri ri

r, mm ri +1
Part b, mm h, mm A, mm2 bi ln , mm ri , mm Ai ri , mm3
ri
40 1 20 50 1000 16.2186 65 65,000
90 2 60 20 1200 12.0402 100 120,000
110  2200 28.2588 185,000
2200 185000
R= = 77.852 mm, r = = 84.091 mm, e = r − R = 6.239 mm
28.2588 2200
Stresses.
(a) Point A: r = rA = 40 mm

M ( r − R) (2.5 kN ⋅ m)(0.040 m − 0.0778517 m)

σA = = σ A = −172.4 MPa 
Aer (2.2 × 10−3 m 2 )(6.2392 × 10−3 m)(0.040 m)

(b) Point B: r = rB = 110 mm

M ( r − R) (2.5 kN ⋅ m)(0.110 m − 0.0778517 m)

σB = = σ B = 53.2 MPa 
Aer (2.2 × 10−3 m 2 )(6.2392 × 10−3 m)(0.110 m)

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 PROBLEM 4.172

Assuming that the couple shown is replaced by a vertical 10-kN force

attached at point D and acting downward, determine the stress at
(a) point A, (b) point B.

SOLUTION

A  bi hi  Ai  Ai ri
Properties of the cross section. R = = = r =
1 r
  dA  bi ln i +1
r
 bi ln i +1  Ai
r ri ri
r, mm Part b, mm h, mm A, mm2 bi ln
ri +1
, mm
ri , mm Ai ri , mm3
ri
40
1 20 50 1000 16.2186 65 65,000
90 2 60 20 1200 12.0402 100 120,000
110  2200 28.2588 185,000
2200 185000
R= = 77.852 mm, r = = 84.091 mm, e = r − R = 6.239 mm
28.2588 2200

Force-couple system at the centroid E.

P = 10 kN
M = (10 kN)(100 mm + 84.0909 mm) = 1840.9 N ⋅ m

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 PROBLEM 4.172 (Continued)

Stresses.
(a) Point A: r = rA = 40 mm
P M (r − R ) 10 kN (1840.9 N ⋅ m)(0.040 m − 0.0778517 m)
σA = − + =− −3
+
A Aer 2.2 × 10 m 2
(2.2 × 10−3 m 2 )(6.2392 × 10−3 m)(0.040 m)
= −4.545 MPa − 126.913 MPa
σ A = −131.5 MPa 
(b) Point B: r = rB = 110 mm
P M (r − R ) 10 kN (1840.9 N ⋅ m)(0.110 m − 0.0778517 m)
σB = − + =− −3
+
A Aer 2.2 × 10 m 2
(2.2 × 10−3 m 2 )(6.2392 × 10−3 m)(0.110 m)
= −4.545 MPa + 39.196 MPa
σ B = 34.7 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.173

Three plates are welded together to form the curved beam

shown. For the given loading, determine the distance e
between the neutral axis and the centroid of the cross
section.

SOLUTION
ΣA Σbi hi ΣA
R= = =
Σ  1
r
dA Σbi ln
ri +1
ri
r
Σbi ln i +1
ri
ΣAri
r=
ΣA

r2
r75 Part b h A b ln r Ar
r1
87  75 12 900 11.1315 81 72900
137  12 50 600 5.4489 112 67200
149  50 12 600 4.1983 143 85800
Σ 2100 20.7787 225900

2100 225900
R= = 101.07 mm, r = = 107.57
20.7787 2100
e = r − R = 6.5 mm 6.5 mm 

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 PROBLEM 4.174

Three plates are welded together to form the curved beam

shown. For M = 900 N ⋅ m, determine the stress at (a) point A,
(b) point B, (c) the centroid of the cross section.

SOLUTION
ΣA Σbi hi ΣA
R= = =
Σ  1
r
dA Σbi ln
ri +1
ri
r
Σbi ln i +1
ri
ΣAri
r=
ΣA

r2
r75 Part b h A b ln r Ar
r1
87  75 12 900 11.1315 81 72900
137  12 50 600 5.4489 112 67200
149  50 12 600 4.1983 143 85800
Σ 2100 20.7787 225900

2100 225900
R= = 101.07 mm, r = = 107.57 mm
20.7787 2100
e = r − R = 6.5 mm M = −900 Nm
(a) y A = R − r1 = 101.07 − 75 = 26.07 mm
My A (−900)(0.02607)
σA = − =− = 22.9 MPa 
Aer1 (2100 × 10−6 )(0.0065)(0.075)
(b) yB = R − r2 = 101.07 − 149 = −47.93
MyB (−900)(−0.04793)
 σB = − =− = −21.2 MPa   
Aer2 (2100 × 10−6 )(0.0065)(0.149)
(c) yC = R − r = −e
MyC Me M −900
σC = − =− =− =− = 4 MPa 
Aer Aer Ar (2100 × 10−6 )(0.10757)

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 PROBLEM 4.179

Solve Prob. 4.178, assuming that the ring has an inner radius r1 = 15 mm and a
cross-sectional diameter d = 20 mm.

PROBLEM 4.1778 The split ring shown has an inner radius r1 = 20 mm m and
a circular cross section
s of diameter d = 15 mm. Knowing that each of the 500-N
5
forces is appliedd at the centroid of the cross section, determine the strress at
(a) point A, (b) point
p B.

SOLUTION

rA = r1 = 15 mm
rB = rA + d = 15 + 20 = 35 mm
1 1
r= (rA + rB ) = 25 mm c = d = 100 mm
2 2
A = π c = π (10) = 314.16 mm for solid
2 2 2
s circular section.
1
r + r 2 − c 2  =  25 + (25) 2 − (10) 2  = 24 mm
1
R=
2 
 2  
e = r − R = 25 − 24 = 1 mm
Q = 500 N ΣFx = 0 P − Q = 0 P = 500 N
ΣM 0 = 0: 2rQ + M = 0 M = −2rQ
Q = −(2)(0.001)(500) = −1 Nm
(a) r = rA = 15 mm
P M ( rA − R) 500 (−1)(0.015 − 0.024)
σA = + = +
A AerA 314.16 × 10−6 (314.16 × 10−6 )(0.001)(0.015)
= 3.501 × 106 Pa
σ A = 3.5 MPa
M 
(b) r = rB = 35 mm
P M ( rB − R) 500 (−1)(0.035 − 0.024)
σB = + = −6
+
A AerB 314.16 × 10 (314.16 × 10−6 )(0.001)(0.035)
= −0.59 × 106
σ B = −0.6 MPa
M 

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 PROBLEM 4.183

For the curved beam and loading shown, determine the stress at
(a) point A, (b) point B.

SOLUTION
Locate centroid.

A, mm2 r , mm Ar , mm3

 600 45 27 × 103
 300 55 16.5 × 103
Σ 900 43.5 × 103

43.5 × 103
r = = 48.333 mm
900
1 h 2 (b1 + b2 )
R= 2
r2
(b1r2 − b2r1) ln r1
− h(b2 − b1)

(0.5)(30) 2 (40 + 20)

= = 46.8608 mm
[(40)(65) − (20)(35)]ln 65
35
− (30)(40 − 20)
e = r − R = 1.4725 mm M = −250 N ⋅ m

(a) y A = R − r1 = 11.8608 mm
My A (−250)(11.8608 × 10−3 )
σA = − =− = 63.9 × 106 Pa σ A = 63.9 MPa 
Aer1 (900 × 10−6 )(1.4725 × 10−3 )(35 × 10−3 )

(b) yB = R − r2 = −18.1392 mm
MyB (−250)(−18.1392 × 10−3 )
σB = − =− −6 −3 −3
= −52.6 × 106 Pa σ B = −52.6 MPa 
Aer2 (900 × 10 )(1.4725 × 10 )(65 × 10 )

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 PROBLEM 4.184

For the crane hook shown, determine the largest tensile stress in
section a-a.

SOLUTION
Locate centroid.

A, mm2 r , mm Ar , mm3

 1050 60 63 × 103
 750 80 60 × 103
Σ 1800 103 × 103

103 × 103
r = = 63.333 mm
1800

Force-couple system at centroid: P = 15 × 103 N

M = − Pr = −(15 × 103 )(68.333 × 10−3 ) = −1.025 × 103 N ⋅ m
1
h 2 (b1 + b2 )
R= 2
r2
(b1r2 − b2 r1 ) ln r1
− h(b1 − b2 )
(0.5)(60)2 (35 + 25)
= = 63.878 mm
[(35)(100) − (25)(40)]ln 100
40
− (60)(35 + 25)
e = r − R = 4.452 mm
Maximum tensile stress occurs at point A.
y A = R − r1 = 23.878 mm
P My A
σA = −
A Aer1
15 × 103 −(1.025 × 103 )(23.878 × 10−3 )
= −
1800 × 10−6 (1800 × 10−6 )(4.452 × 10−3 )(40 × 10−3 )

= 84.7 × 106 Pa σ A = 84.7 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.185

The bar shown has a circular cross section of 15 mm diameter. Knowing

that a = 30 mm, determine the stress at (a) point A, (b) point B.

SOLUTION
1
c= d = 7.5 mm r = 12 + 7.5 = 19.5 mm
2
R =  r + r 2 − c 2  = 19.5 + 19.52 − 7.52 
1 1
2   2  
= 18.75 mm
e = r − R = 0.75 mm
A = π c 2 = π (7.5)2 = 176.71 mm 2
M = − P (a + r ) = −220(30 + 19.5) = −10890 N mm
y A = R − r1 = 18.75 − 12 = 6.75 mm
yB = R − r2 = 18.75 − 27 = −8.25 mm
P My A 220 (−10890)(6.75)
(a) σA = − = − = 47.46 N/mm 2
A Aer1 176.71 (176.71)(0.75)(12)
= 47.46 MPa 
P MyB 220 ( −10890)( −8.25)
(b) σB = − = − = −23.86 N/mm 2
A Aer2 176.71 (176.71)(0.75)(27)
= −23.86 MPa 

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 PROBLEM 4.186

The bar shown has a circular cross section of 15 mm diameter. Knowing that the
allowable tensile stress is 55 MPa, determine the largest permissible distance a
from the lien of action of the 220 N forces to the plane containing the center of
curvature of the bar.

SOLUTION
1
c= d = 7.5 mm, r = 12 + 7.5 = 19.5 mm
2
R =  r + r 2 − c 2  = 19.5 + 19.52 − 7.52  = 18.75 mm
1 1
2   2  
e = r − R = 0.75 mm
A = π c 2 = π (7.5)2 = 176.71 mm 2 M = − P (a + r )
y A = R − r1 = 18.75 − 12 = 6.75 mm
P My A P P (a + r ) y A P  (a + r ) y A 
σA = − = + = + 1 + 
A Aer1 A Aer1 A  er1 
KP (a + r ) y A
= where K = 1 +
A er1
σ AA(55 × 106 )(176.71 × 10−6 )
K= = = 44.177
P 220
( K − 1)er1 (43.177)(0.75 × 10−3 )(12 × 10−3 )
a+r = = = 0.05756 m
yA 6.75 × 10−3
= 57.56 mm
a = 57.56 − 19.5 = 38.06 mm 

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