CEE404 Irrigation Engineering
Assignment No. 2
Student Name:
Muhammad Danish
Muhammad Abdullah
Muhammad Usman Pervaz
Ali Siddique
Junaid Ibrahim
Usman Arshad
Student Registration No:
FA13-Bs (CEE)-002
FA13-Bs (CEE)-012
FA13-Bs (CEE)-018
FA13-Bs (CEE)-020
FA13-Bs (CEE)-084
FA13-Bs (CEE)-093
Submitted To:
Madam IrumJawad
Date of Submission:
28 February 2017
Civil Engineering Department
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
(Wah Campus)
1. A channel is to be designed for irrigating 5000 hectares in kharif crop and 4000 hectares in
Rabi crop. The water requirement for kharif and Rabi are 60 cm and 25cm respectively. The
base period for kharif is 3 weeks and for Rabi is 4 weeks. Determine the discharge of the
channel for which it is to be designed.
Data:
Delta for kharif crop =▲=60cm=0.6
Delta for Rabi Crop=▲=25 cm =0.25
Base period for kharif=B =3 weeks=21days
Base period for Rabi=B = 4 weeks=28 days
Kharif crop area = 5000 hectares
Rabi crop area = 4000 hectares
Discharge of Channel=?
Solution:
Discharge for Kharif Crop:
8.64∗B
Duty=
Delta
8.64∗21
Duty=
0.60
Duty=302.4 hectares/cumec
Area to be irrigated=5000 hectares
5000
Required discharge of channel for Kharif = 302. 4
Required discharge of channel for Kharif =16.53 cumec
Discharge for Rabi Crop:
8.64∗B
Duty=
Delta
8.64∗28
Duty=
0.600 .25
Duty=967.68 hectares/cumec
Area to be irrigated=4000 hectares
4000
Required discharge of channel for Rabi= 967.68
Required discharge of channel for Rabi=4.13 cumec
2. The gross command area of an irrigation project is 1.5 lakh hectares, where 7,500 hectares
are uncultivable. The area of kharif crop is 60,000 hectares and that of Rabi crop is 40,000
hectares. The duty of Kharif is 3000 hectares/cumec and the duty of Rabi is 4000
hectares/cumec.
Find
(a) The design discharge of channel assuming 10% transmission loss.
(b) Intensity of irrigation for Kharif and Rabi.
Solution:
Cultivated command area = 150000-7500 = 142500 hectares
For kharif crop:
Area of kharif crop = 60000 hectares
Duty of kharif crop is = 3000 hectares/cumecs
Discharge of channel= 60000/3000 = 20 cumecs
Now, consider 10% discharge then:
Design discharge = 20 X 10/100 = 2 cumecs
So, design discharge is = 20+2= 22 cumecs
For Rabi crop:
Area of Rabi crop= 40000 hectares
Duty of Rabi crop = 4000 hectares/cumecs
Discharge of channel = 40000/4000 = 10 cumecs
Now, consider 10% losses
Then:
Design discharge= 10 X 10/100= 1 cumecs
So, design discharge= 10+1= 11 cumecs
b). Intensity of irrigation for Kharif and Rabi.
Intensity of irrigation of kharif crop is = (60000/142500) X 100 = 42.11 %
Intensity of irrigation of Rabi crop is = (40000/142500) X 100= 28.07%
3. The gross command area of an irrigation project is 1 lakh hectares. The culturable
command area is 75% of G.C.A. The intensities of irrigation for Kharif and Rabi are 50% and
55% respectively. If the duties for kharif and Rabi are 1200 hectare/cumec and 1400
hectares/cumecs respectively, determine the discharge at the head of the canal considering
20% provisions for the transmission loss, overlap allowance, evaporation loss etc.
Data:
G.C.A=1 lakh hectares
C.C.A=75% of G.C.A
The intensities of irrigation for Kharif = 50%
The intensities of irrigation for Rabi =55%
Duty for kharif = 1200 hectare/cumec
Duty for Rabi =1200 hectare/cumec
Losses=20%
Discharge=?
Solution:
C.C.A=75% of G.C.A
0.75∗100000
C.C.A= 100
C.C.A=75000
Discharge for Kharif Crop:
0.5∗750000
Area under Kharif= 100
= 37500 hectares
37500
Required Discharge for Kharif Crop = 1200
Required Discharge for Kharif Crop=31.25 cumec
Discharge for Rabi Crop:
0.55∗750000
Area under Rabi= 100
= 412500 hectares
412500
Required Discharge for Rabi Crop = 1400 =29.46
Discharge at the head of canal = 31.25
Losses = 20 %
31.25∗120
Required discharge at the head of canal = 100
Required discharge at the head of canal = 37.5 cumec
4. Determine the head discharge of a canal from the following data. The value of time factor
may be assumed as 0.75.
Duty
Crop Base Period In Days Area In Hectare In Hectares/Cumecs
Rice 120 4000 1500
Wheat 120 3500 2000
Sugarcane 310 3000 1200
Solution:
4000
For Rice = 1500 = 2.667
3500
For Wheat = 2000 = 1.750
3000
For Sugarcane = 1200 = 2.500
Base period of Sugarcane is 310 days it will require both in Rabi and Kharif
seasons.
Now
Discharge in Rabi season = 1.750+2.500=4.250 cumec
Discharge in Kharif season = 2.667+2.500=5.167 cumec
5.167
Design Discharge= 0.75
Design Discharge= 6.889 cumec
5. Find out the capacity of a reservoir from the following data. The culturable command area
is 80,000 hectares.
Intensity Of Irrigation
Crop Base Period In Days Duty (Hectare/cumec)
In %
Rice 120 1800 25
Wheat 120 2000 30
Sugarcane 320 2500 20
Assume that canal and reservoir losses are 5% and 10% respectively.
Solution:
8.64∗B
Delta=
Duty
Calculate Delta for Each Crop:
8.64∗120
Delta for Rice= = 0.576 m
1800
8.64∗120
Delta for Wheat= = 0.518 m
2000
8.64∗320
Delta for Sugarcane= = 1.106 m
2500
Calculate Area for Each Crop:
80000∗25
Area for Rice= 100
= 20000 hectare
80000∗30
Area for wheat= 100 = 24000 hectare
80000∗20
Area for Sugarcane= 100 = 16000 hectare
Volume of water required by Each Crop:
Volume for Rice=area*delta=20000*0.574=11520 ha.m
Volume for Wheat=area*delta=24000*0.518=12432 ha.m
Volume for Sugarcane=area*delta=16000*1.106=17696 ha.m
Total Volume of Water= 11520 ha.m+12432 ha.m+17696 ha.m
Total Volume of Water=41648ha.m
Considering Canal Loss of 5%
41648∗105
Water required at the head of canal= 100
= 43730 ha.m
Considering reservoir Loss of 10%
43730∗110
Capacity of reservoir= 100
= 48103.44 ha.m
6. The command area of a channel is 4000 hectares. The intensity of irrigation of a crop is
70%. The crop requires 60cm of water in 15 days, when the effective rainfall is recorded as
15cm during that period.
(a) The duty at the head of field
(b) The duty at the head of channel
(c) The head discharge at the head of channel Assume total losses as15%.
Solution:
Depth of water required= 60 cm
Effective rainfall = 15cm
Depth of irrigation water= 60-15 =45cm
= 45cm= .45m
B= 15 days
Duty = 8.64 B/
Duty= (8.64 X 15) / .45
Duty= 288 hectares/cumecs
(a) So the duty of the head of the field is 288 hectares/cumecs
(b) For duty at head of the channel losses is given of 15%
So
100%-15%= 85%
Duty at the head of the channel= 288X85/100
Duty at the head of the channel = 244.80 hectares/cumecs
(c) For discharge at the head of the channel:
Total area under crop= 4000 X 70/100 = 2800 hectares
The discharge at the head of the channel= 2800/244.8 =11.438 cumecs
7. A crop requires a total depth of 92 cm of water for a base period of 120 days. Find the duty
of water.
Data:
Base period=120 days
Delta=92 cm
Duty=?
Solution:
8.64∗B
Duty= Delta
8.64∗120
Duty= 0.92
=1127
8. An irrigation canal has gross commanded area of 80,000 hectares out of which 85% is
culturable irrigable. The intensity of irrigation for Kharif season is 30% and for Rabi season is
60%. Find the design discharge at the head of the canal if the duty at its head is 800
hectares/cumecs for Kharif season and 1700 hectares/cumecs for Rabi season.
Data:
Gross commanded area =G.C.A=80,000 hectares
C.A=85% of G.C.A
Intensity of Kharif= 30%
Intensity of Rabi= 60%.
Duty of Kharif=800 hectares/cumecs
Duty of Rabi = 1700 hectares/cumecs
Design Discharge=?
Solution:
C.A=85% of G.C.A
85∗80000
C.A= 100
=68000
Discharge for Kharif Crop:
30∗68000
Area under Kharif= 100
= 20400 hectares
20400
Required Discharge for Kharif Crop = 800
Required Discharge for Kharif Crop=25.5 cumec
Discharge for Rabi Crop:
60∗68000
Area under Rabi= 100
= 40800 hectares
40800
Required Discharge for Rabi Crop = 1700 =24
Discharge at the head of canal =25.5 cumec
9. The left branch canal carrying a discharge of 20 cumecs has culturable commanded area of
20,000 hectares. The intensity of Rabi crop is 80% and the base period is 120 days. The right
branch canal carrying a discharge of 8 cumecs has culturable commanded area of 12,000
hectares, intensity of irrigation of Rabi crop is 50%, and the base period is 120 days. Compare
the efficiencies of the two canal systems.
Solution:
For left branch canal:
Area under Rabi crop = 20000 X 0.8 = 16000 hectares
Discharge= 20 cumecs
Duty= Area/Discharge
Duty= 16000/20
Duty= 800 hectares/cumecs
For right branch canal:
Area under Rabi crop= 12000 X 0.5= 6000 hectares
Discharge = 8 cumecs
Duty= Area/Discharge
Duty = 6000/8
Duty = 750 hectares/cumecs
Since
Left canal has higher duty. So, it is most efficient
10. A water course has a culturable commanded area of 1200 hectares. The intensity of
irrigation for crop A is 40% and for B is 35%, both the crops being Rabi crops. Crop A has a kor
period of 20 days and crop B has kor period of 15 days. Calculate the discharge of the water
course if the depth for A crop is 10 cm and for B it is 16cm.
Solution:
For crop A:
Area under irrigation =1200 X 0.40 = 480 hectares
Kor period =B = 20 days
Kor depth = = 10 cm =0.1 m
Duty= 8.64 B/
Duty = (8.64 X 20)/ 0.1
Duty=1728 hectares/cumecs
Hence
Discharge required is = Area/ Duty
Discharge required = 480/1728
Discharge required = 0.278 cumecs
For crop B:
Area under irrigation =1200 X 0.35= 420 hectares
B= 15 days
=16cm = .16m
Duty = (8.64 X 15) / .16
Duty= 810 hectares/cumecs
Hence
Discharge required is = 420/810
Discharge required is = 0.518 cumecs
So
Design discharge of watercourse = 0.278+0.518
Design discharge of watercourse = 0.8 cumecs
11. A water course commands an irrigated area of 600 hectares. The intensity of irrigation of
rice in this area is 60%. The rice transplantation of Rice crop takes 12 days and total water
depth of water required by the crop is 50 cm on the field during the transplantation period.
During the transplantation period, the useful rain falling on the field is 10 cm. the duty of the
irrigation water for the crop on the field during transplantation, at the head of the field and
also at the head of the distributary, assuming losses of water to be 20% in the water course.
Also, calculate the discharge required in the water course.
Solution
We know that
= 8.64 B/D
Where
B= Translation period =12 days
= 50-10=40m
D= Duty of irrigation water in hectares/cumec
D=8.64 B/
D= (8.64 X 12) / 0.40
D=259.5 hectares/cumec
Since
Loss in the canal= 20%
1 cumec of water discharge at the head of the water course will be the 0.8
cumecs at the head of the field.
Since
259.5 X 0.8=207.6 hectares
Now total area under rice plantation = 600 X 0.6 = 360 hectares
Discharge at the head of watercourse is = 360/207.6
Discharge at the head of watercourse = 1.735 cumecs
