Community health nursing

Q: Defines the health and wellness?

A: Health :- Health means complete wellbeing without any major or minor disease for the specific
period. Further it is complete wellbeing by physical, physiological, mentally, economically etc.
Wellness:-Means well being without any major disease for specific period.

Q: What is illness and disease?

A: (a) Illness:-It means sickness or abnormal condition due 10 minor or major diseases. Eg common cold
and TB.
(b) Disease:- It means disorder condition /process due to organism/factor with specific sign and
symptoms eg: typhoid fever.

Q: Define the family ,community and society?

(a) Family:-Means small group of people living together under one shelter with blood or marriage
relationship or same common purpose . e.g nuclear family, joint family etc
(b) Community:-It is the group of people with common culture until living together in specific
geographical boundaries. Eg. Village. Muhalla
(c) Society: Means largest group of people linked together for one or two same purpose. Eg Doctor
society, Memon society.

Q: Define the Community Health Nursing?

A: CHN is the scientific art of nursing knowledge by the nurse to prevent the disease and promoting the
health of people.

Q: What is the philosophy of CHN?

A: . The philosophy of CHN is Prevent from the disease, promote the health and cure the sick patients.
So preventing; and promoting is better than cure is the philosophy of CHN.

Q: What are the Roles of CH nurse?

A: Health care provider
 Health educator
 Health Counselor
 health Researcher
 health consultant
 health evaluator
 health Advocator
 Health Manager

Q: What is the Alma Ata Declaration?

A: It is a conference which arranged by WHO in Alma Ata capital city of Kazakhstan. To provide 8
elements of the PHC to all people of the world up to 2000 AD.

Q: how many representative/ agencies of Govt and NGO were attained the Alma Ata Declaration.
A: 134 Govt and 67 NGO's representative attended this conference.
Q: What win the goals of that conference?
A: Health for all up to 2000 AD.

Q: What are the health problem in Pakistan?

A: Communicable disease. e.g Polio,TB etc.
ii. Non communicate disease. Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertensive etc.
iii Malnutrition. e.g Mrasmus & Kwashiorkor etc.
iv. Accidental problem
v. Mental disorder
vi. Drug abuse and depression
vii. Geriatric problem
viii: Increased birth and mortality rate
ix. Lack of health education
x. Early marriages
xi. Population
xii. Contaminated water
xiii. Poverty (poorness)

Q: What is definition of PHC?

A: PHC Means providing the 8 elements of medical services to the community people at their door e.g.
Education, food and EPI services etc.

Q: What are the principles of PHC?

A:i. Dignity of the people of community is important .
ii. Equity of budget should be according to area need.
iii. Appropriate services for community.
iv. Affordable budget for community.
v. Access able budget for community.

Q: What are the elements of PHC?

A:i. Educational Services
ii. Local Disease treatment services
iii. Essential drugs Services
iv. MCH services
v. EPI Services
vi. Nutrition/Food services
vii. Treatment of common disease
viii. Sanitary and sewage and water supply services

[Link] are marasmus and kwashiorkor?

A: (a)marasmus:- Mean lack of protein and calories in diet of children under 3 years age with monkey
face and wasting of muscles.
(b) kwashiorkor : lack of calories in diet of children under 3 years of age wjth moon like face and edema
on face and body

Q: what are the Nutrients of food?

A:these are the 6 components of food/diet Such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamin &
water.

Q:What are the disease which are due t o lack of minerals?

A: a. Iron anemia: due to lack of iron in diet.
b. Goiter: due to lack of Iodine in diet.
c. Bleeding/fits: due to lack of Calcium in diet.

Q: what are the disease which are due to lack of vitamins?

A: a. Night blindness due to lack of vitamin
[Link]: due to lack of Vitamin B1.
[Link] Anemia: due to lack of Vitamin B12.
[Link] : due to lack Of Vitamin C.
[Link] and osteomalasia: due to lack of Vitamin D.
f. abortion : and lack of sex potency due to lack of vitamin

Q: what are the Fats and water soluble Vitamin?

A: fat soluble are Vitamin A,D,E,and K
b..Water soluble are Vitamin B,C.

Q: What are the rich sources of Vitamin?

A: a. Vitamin A Sources: Milk, butter, carrot and eggs.
b. Vitamin B Sources: Vegetable, milk and egg's white.
c. Vitamin C Sources: Lemon, orange, tomato, milk and green vegetable.
d. Vitamin D Sources: milk, butter, ghee, sunlight and fish.
e. Vitamin E Sources: wheat, rice, eggs, nuts and seeds,
f. Vitamin K Sources: green vegetable as spinach.

Q: What are the sources of minerals?

A: a. Iron Sources: Spanish, brinjal and liver.
b. Iodine Sources: water,seafish and salts
c. Calcium Sources: milk and butter.

Q:What are the causes of IMR (infant mortality rate)?

A: . [Link] mature birth.
ii. Lack of children’s hospital.
iii. Road accidents.
iv. Mal nutrition.
v. Improper vaccination.

Q:what are the causes of MMR ( maternal mortality rate)?

Ans: i. Lack of MCH Centre.
ii. Improper vaccination.(T T)
iii. Lack of family planning.
iv. Lack of health education.
v. Untrained TBAs (traditional birth attendant)

Q: What is the definition of family planning:?

A: It is a space between two children/deliveries.

Q:What are the methods of family planning ?

A: a .physical methods Such as rubber condom, withdrawal method and late marriage
b. chemical methods Such as oral pills, injectables, IUD,strick plantations and foam,jelly.
c. Surgical methods, such as Tub ligation and vasectomy.

Q:What are the side effects of family planning ?

A: i. Menses disturbance
ii. Slight headache
iii. Hypertension and obesity.
iv. Disturb the sexual pleasure.

Q:What are the 6 target diseases of EPI?

A: Tuberculosis (BCG), Polio (Polio drops), Diphtheria (DPT), pertusis/whooping cough (DPI), Tetanus
(DPT).Measles (measles).

Q:What are the sources of water?

A: 1 Rain water
2. Ground /surface water eg . river.
3. underground water eg. Hand pump, well, spring, sea and lacks.

Q:What are the methods of purification?

A: Natural methods: e.g sunlight
 Physical methods: e.g boiling , filtration and sedimentation,
 Chemical methods: e.g chlorine, potassium per magnate.

Q:What are the types of hospitals?

A: i. B H U: for 5 to 10 thousands population without indoor.
ii. RHC: for 10 to 60 thousands population with indoor of 20 beds.
iii. TH: for one or more than one lack population with indoor of 50 k
iv. DH: for all tehsil of district population will indoors of 100.
v. TH: teaching/ territory hospital for at least (one per division and have advance services and education
with indoor of 500 beds atleast.

Q:What are the triangular sources of disease?

A: i. Agent (organism/ factor, agent is seed of disease)
ii. Host (weak person as child, low weight, host is soil of disease)
iii. Environment- (air,water, sewerage)

Q:What are the entry routes of disease?

A: i. Nose ( inhalation)
ii. Mouth ( ingestion)
iii. Skin (direct contact)
iv. blood (inoculation)
v. semen (sexual contact)

Q: Define folowing terms?

A:i, epidemiology: Study of spread disease of hot season specially.
ii. Epidemic; means spread disease which attack on large number of people in a short time at same area
and many death occurs in result. Eg. Gastro enteritis, plague etc.
iii. Endemic: means wide spread disease in community at once and do not exits continuously eg: polio
Iv. Pandemic: world wise spread disease. Eg. Aids.
v. sporadic: means occasional outbreak of a spread disease eg : measles
vi .communicable disease: means spread disease which spread easily from one to an other person eg:
TB, etc.

Q:define the following terms?

A: INFECTION: it is a process of entry of organism in a body and appearance the sign and symptoms of
disease eg: tonsillitis ,cold etc
b. vehicle: it is a substance which is source of transfers the infection from one place to an other place eg:
water ,flies etc
c. incubation period : it is a period between entry of organism in the body and appearance of sign and
symptoms of a disease
d. carrier: after his improving a sick person transfer his infection to an other person.

Q: /Define the following terms?

A: a. Virulence: means power of organism which to sick the persons.
b. Fomities: means things which are caused of spreading the disease. eg. Clothes, utensils.
c. Vector: means insects and animal who transfer their disease to human by their biting. Eg mosquito’s,
dog and snake biting.
d. Surveillance: means inspection/ observation of infection disease continuously eg. Polio.
e. Quarantine: means isolation of those persons who are in a direct contact of sick spread disease
persons.

Q: Define the following terms?

A: a. Sanitation: means cleanness or free from germs.
b. Garbage: means mixed waste solid and liquid Material in the gutter lines.
c. Sewage: means waste material & sewage system is gutter lines
d. Excreta: means waste material which excreted from the human body eg urine. feaces, sweat.
e. Refuses: means solid discard material without human excreta.

11 [Link] are the types of Data/information's ?

Ans: a. Primary data: These are collected from the concerned person directly.
b. Secondary data: These are collected from the any source of media eg: hospital records, police records
etc.
c. Quantitative data: Numerical data e.g: number of births and deaths.
d. Qualitative data: Non numerical e.g age , sex & race.
[Link],What are the methods of data collection?
Ans: i. Questioare method. ( direct data)
ii. Survey method. ( indirect data eg: demographic ,health and socioeconomics)
[Link] are the elements /components of enviroment ?
Ans: a. Physical: air, water, food are clean or contaminated
b. Biological: Animal, insect, worms, organism.
c. Social: Contact with other person.
d. Economical: Job or jobless ratio.
e. Sanitational:cleaness.
[Link] are the types of latrines?
Ans: i. Standard Latrines
ii. Commode Latrines
iii. Bore Hole Latrines
iv. Trench Latrines
v. Pit Latrines
[Link] are the method of Disposal?
Am: a. Burning method ( incineration)
b. Dumping method
c. Compositing method
d. Controlled tipping
e. Incineration method
f. Others are sea out fall, river out fall, land treatment
g. Oxidation ponds, open drainage
h. Pit latrine, open field.
[Link] are the classes of carbohydrates?
Ans: a. Mono sacharides: (one sugar unit) e.g glucose, galactose, fructose).
[Link] a. (two sugar units) e.g maltose, sucrose, lactose,
c. Tri sachrides: (three sugar units) e.g honey.
d. Poly sachrides: (many sugar units) e.g glycogen, cellulose, starches (plants).
[Link] are first class and 2"d class protein?
Ans: a. First class protein: Animal source , meat, chicken, fish.
b. Second class protein: Plants, pulses.
[Link] are the other name of following vitamins?
Ans: i. Vit- B-2 = Riboflavin. ii Vit B1 = thiamine
iii. Vit —B-3 = nicotinic
iv. Vit-B-6 = pyridoxine
v. Vit-B-12 = cynocobalamin
vi. Vit-C = ascorbic Acid
vii. Vit- D = calci ostotin
[Link].47, What are the teaching methods?
Ans: i. Lecture method
ii. Demonstration method
iii. Case study method
iv. Seminar method
v. Panel discussion method
vi. Visit method
vii. Assignment method
vii Symposium method
Xi Conference method
X Survey method
Ix Brain storming method
xii: Inquiry method
[Link] are the health indicator?
Ans: i. Rapid birth rate.
ii. Rapid death rate
iii. Rapid early age marriage.
iv. High blood pressure.
v. Obesity
vi. Smoking
vii. Diabetes mellitus
viii. Eclampsia
ix. APH AND PPH
[Link] What are the formula of following Health indicator?
Ans: I. Crude Birth Rate (CBR):
Forrnula= no: of live births during the year x 1000 then divided
by estimated mid year population of same year
2. Crude death Rate (CDR)
Formula= Number of death during year x 1000 than divided
by number of population of mid year
[Link] mortality rate (MR)
formula = number of death children in year x 1000 than divided
by total number of live birth in year
4. Morbidity Rate (MR)
Formula= number of repeated cases in year x 100000 then divided
by No of person at risk in place at mid point of time period
5. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)
Formula= no: of mother death x 100000 then divided
by Live birth in a same year

[Link] was the founder of Red cross?

Mr .hernii dament ( 1963)
What is balance diet ?
It is diet of six components of food according the age ,sex,work
Who was the founder of nuttrition science ?
Antoine louren lavoiser (1743-1794)
When the UNO was established?
UNO was established in april 1945 after the second world war for peace of world
[Link]. WHO was Established?
Ans: WHO was Established in 1948.
[Link].56When the UNICEF was organized?
Ans: UNICEF was organized in 1953. (united nations of international children emergency fund)
[Link] the Red cross was founded?
Ans: Red Cross was was founded in 1963.
[Link].453What is slow and quick pasteurization of milk?
a) Slow pasteurization on milk/liquid: When the milk is heated at 145 of (63 o c) And maintained at this
temperature for 30 minutes and then cool it up to 45 of (13 oc)
b ) Quick pasteurization of milk/liquid: When the milk is heated at 160 of (72 oc) and maintained the
temperature for 15 second and then cool it below 45 of ( 13 oc)
Q.No512, What is weaning diet?
And: It is teaching the infant to accept other food then mother feeding at the age of 4 to 6 months.
[Link] are the therapeutic diet?
Ans: It is diet which use for specific disease. Such normal diet a,diabetic diet, low salt diet, salt free diet,
high protein diet protein diet, fat free diet, rough age diet. Etc.
[Link] are the rodents?
Ans: These are mammals without canine teath eg: rat ,squirrel ,beaver ,porcupine .
[Link].6 iWhat are the types of family'?
Ans: i. Nuclear /simple family: Consist of husband, wife and their children are living together.
ii. Joint family : When brothers, sisters and their children living together.
iii. extended family: Nuclear family and closed relatives living together.
iv. Maternal/matriofocal family: When the mother is decision maker in family.
v. Pariatifocal/paternal family: When the father is decision maker of the family.
vi. Stem family: when parent living with their one married child.
[Link] are the functions /role of family?
Ans: i. Regulation of sex
ii. Protection
iii. Production
iv. Socialization
v. love and affection
vi. Economical support
vii. Educational support
vii Recreational support
i. Religious support s.
ii. Cultural support
[Link]. 3 What are types of family disorganization ?
Ans: i. Delinquency
ii. Failure to adopt their culture customs
iii. Suicide
iv. Use of alcohol
v. Self murder
[Link] the following terms?
Ans: i. EDD = Expected date of delivery.
ii. LMP = last menses period.
iii. Amenorrhea = absence of menses.
iv. Dysmenorrheal =painful menses.
v. Menorrhagia = fast/ speedy menses.
vi. Menno pause = permanent stop of menses at the age of 45 to 50 years.
[Link] the following terms.
And: i. Natal care = care during delivery.
ii. Ante natal care = care before delivery.
iii. Post natal care = care after delivery.
iv. Abortion = termination of pregnancy.
v. Still birth = death of baby during the delivery
vi. APH = ante partum hemorrhage.
vii. PPH = post partum hemorrhage.
iii. Multi Para = a woman who had four or more pregnancies.
iv. Varicose veins swilling, of, veins .
v. Quickening it is first feeling of fetal movement by the pregnant woman feels between four to
five months
What are the causes of MMR ?
APH and PPH
Eclampsia
Anemia
Abortions
High risk factors
What is abbreviation and normal score of APGAR?
Ans: A( Appcarance(2points),
Pulse (2-p),
Grimace /cry (2-p)
Activity (2-p)
respiration (2-p)
The normal score is 7-10 and must be checked within 5 minutes after birth)
What are the live /active vaccines?.
Ans: BCG, Polio, and measles.
[Link] are the killed/passive vaccines?
Ans: DPT, ARV and cholera.
[Link] temperature is required for maintaining the vaccines?
Ans: 8°c to + 8°c
[Link] the following terms?
i. Lochia: Normal blood discharge from uterus after delivery up to 3 weeks or 21 days.
ii. Purr purum: It is normal period of 6 weeks/40daye, After delivery for returning the uterus.
iii. Primi Para: A woman who has given birth to her 1 st child.
iv. Mutlti Para: A woman has 2 or more child.
v. Multi Grivida: A pregnant mother who had 4 or more pregnancies.
vi. Leucorrhea: Abnormal water discharging from Vagina
vii. Colostrums: It is the fluid secreted by the pregnant breast as one week before and after delivery
.which has laxative and immunity power for baby.
[Link] is domiciliary nursing care?
Ans: When the delivery conducted at home by qualified nurse or midwife is called domiciliary nursing
care.
[Link]'.What are the teaching Audio Visual aids?
Ans: i. Black board
ii. White board
iii. Multimedia
iv. OHP (Over Head Projector)
v. Slide Project.
vi. VCR and CD
vii. Tape recorder
ix Models
X Charts and graphics
x. Still picture etc.