1) bridge class

differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION IS :-
Instantaneous Rate of change of a function with respect to x.
df ( x) f ( xf ) - f ( x i )
= Lim
dx x f ® xi xf - x i

= Lim ( f )
dx 3 f x - f ( xi ) x 3f - x 3i
Lim
dx x f ® xi xf - xi x ® xi x f - x i
Ex. = f

( x f - x i ) ( x f2 + x i2 + x3x i )
Lim
=
x f ® xi xf - xi

= f
x ® xi
Lim
( x +x +x x )
2
f
2
i f i

Applying limit i.e xf = xi = x (say)

dx 3
= x2 +x2 +x2
dx = 3x2
Similarly it can be proved that

dx 2
= 2x
* dx
dx 4
= 4x 3
* dx
 if can be seen that

dx n
= nx n - 1
dx ;
nÎ R
SOME BASIC FORMULAE
n
dx
= nxn - 1
dx
d sin x
= cos x
dx
dcos x
= - sin x
dx
d log x 1
=
dx x
de x
= ex ;
dn e is an irrational number like 
dc
=0
dx ; where c is a constant
dc dc
dx is obviously always zero since a constant does not change with respect to x and dx gives no rate of change with respect to x
RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION
Adduct Rule :
df ( x) ± g ( x) df ( x) dg ( x )
= ±
dx dx dx

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(
d sin x + x 2
) = dsin x + dx 2

eg;– (1) dx dx dx
= cos x + 2x2–1 = cos x + 2x
Product Rule :
d f ( x) .g ( x) dg ( x) df ( x )
= f ( x) +g ( x)
dx dx dx
dx 3 sin x 3 d sin x dx 3
=x +sin x
eg :– (2) dx dx dx
= x3. cos x + sin x . 3x3–1
= x2 ([Link] x + 3 sin x)
Inference :

= c ( ) +f ( x)
dc.f (x) df x dc
dx dx dx
df ( x)
c
= dx
Where c is a constant
d59log x d log x
= 59
eg:–(3) dx dx
1
59´
= x
59
=
x
Quotient Rule :
If a function consists of two differentiable functions in the Numerator & Denominator
Then
æN ö
d çç ÷ ÷ d dN - N dD
è D ø = dx dx
dx 2
D
eg;– (4)
æ ex ö
d çç ÷ de x x d log x
log x ÷ log x -e
è ø= dx dx
dx 2
log x ( )
1
log x e x - e x ´
= x
2
( log x)
ex æ 1ö
= çç log x - ÷
÷
2 xø
( log x) è
sin
d
d tan x cos x
=
eg :– (5) dx dn
d sin x d cos x
cos x - sin x
= dx dx
2
cos x

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cos 2 +sin 2 x
=
cos 2 x

1
= = sec 2 x
cos 2 x
d tan x
= sec2 x
dx
It is advisable that you learn the above formula and other trigonometric formulae that follow, Similarly
cos x
d
d cot x sin x
= =- cosec 2 x
dx dx
1
d
d sec x cos x
=
dx dx
(Taking 1 as Numerator and applying quotient Rule)
d1 d cos x
cos x -1
dx dx
2
= cos x
0 - ( - sin x)
=
cos 2 x
d sec x
= sec [Link] x
dx
Similarly
d cosec x
=- cosec [Link] x
dx
SOME EXEMPLAR QUESTIONS
1
x +
1. x
æ 1 ö
d çç x +
è
÷
÷ 1/2
x ø d x +x
=
- 1/2
( )
dx dx
dx1/2 dx - 1/2
= +
dx dx
1 æ 1 ö - 3/2
= x - 1/2 +çç - ÷
÷x
2 è 2ø
1 1
-
2 x 2 x3
=
1
5
2. x2
1
d
5 - 2/5
x 2 = dx
dx dx

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2 - 7/5
- x
= 5
-2
5
= 5 x7
3. sin2 x
d sin 2 x d ( sin [Link] x )
=
dx dx
d sin x d sin x
sin x. +sin x.
= dx dx
= sin x. cos x + sin x cos x
= 2 sin x cos x = sin 2x
4. 13 sin2 x + 16 cos2 x

=
d
dx (
13sin 2 x +13cos 2 x +3cos 2 x
)
=
d
dx (
13 +3cos 2
)
d13 d cos [Link] x
= +3
dx dx
é d cos x d cos x ù
= 0 +3 êcos x +cos x ú
êë dx dx ú û
= 3[ - 2sin x cos x]
= – 3 sin 2x

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