Chapter V

Size, Spacing, Housing Types and

Amenities of Rural Settlements

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Factors Affecting the type of Rural Settlements
5.3 Types of Rural Settlement
5.4 Quantitative Methods for type of Rural
Settlements
5.5 Types of Settlement in the study region
5.6 Nearest Neighbour Analysis
5.7 Settlement Pattern in Study Region
5.8 Spacing of Settlement
5.9 Size of Settlement
5.10 Importance of Rural Service Centers
5.11 Distribution of Amenities

160
 Chapter V
Size, Spacing, Housing Types and Amenities of
Rural Settlement

5.1 Introduction:
The terms, type and pattern are find in geographical literature,
particularly in rural settlement geography, conveying various meanings,
some time as synonymous, at others interchangeable and yet others as
one being element or part of the other.
Flinch and Trewartha refer two primary types of settlement
I) The isolated or dispersed, some also called it as scattered.
II) The nucleated, some also called it as compact, clustered or
agglomerated settlement.
Hudson says that the major patterns in rural area are either
nucleated or dispersed. 1 In addition, the first report of commission on
types of rural settlements published by the International Geographical
Union in 1928 recognized only two types of settlements, compact and
dispersed. The pattern of settlement is the relationship between one house
or building and another. Often pattern is unrelated to site and site may
have little or no bearing on pattern. Contrasts in the arrangement of
streets and houses i.e. patterns to the site as well as historical cause. 2
Thus, it is clear that,
1) Type of settlements refers to relationship of number of dwelling
and number of sites.
2) Pattern of settlements refers to geometric form and shape of the
settlement, which may be of different types.

161
 When one can describe the type, intra-settlement analysis of inter-
dwelling distance clarifies the occupancy of village territory on one or
more than one sites. This provides the picture of nucleation and it
becomes a type. However, when one can refer to a certain form of
settlement depicting a particular shape, a distinct pattern gets a name
according to geometrical attributes.
5.2 Factors affecting the type of Rural Settlements:
Settlement is cluster of houses including surrounding physical land
where people take their shelter and keep their possession. It is a simple
and small agglomeration of people at a favorable site and it is influenced
by physical and economical factors. For example Source of water supply,
river, damp, natural vegetation and nature of soil are the main factors
affecting compactness or dispersed nature of rural settlements. Socio-
economic factors influence on compactness or dispersion of rural
settlement.
5.3 Types of Rural Settlement:
According to Ahmad (1952) “the term village means a group of
dwellings which may be compact, semi-compact or hamleted clusters
and linear, emerging as a result of interplay of both physical and cultural
factors.3” In a regional framework the term denoted the relationship
between settlement with in space.4 According to this definition,
settlements have different types.
1) Compact settlement.
2) Semi-compact or hamleted-clustered settlements.
3) Semi-sprinkled or fragmented settlements.
4) Dispersed or sprinkled settlements.

162
 1) Compact rural settlements type
It is known as nucleated, clustered or compact rural settlement. In
this type, the houses are closely located and streets, path, road are very
narrow. The streets connect center of the village with the periphery and
vice versa. Tank, Temple, milk Dairy, Grampanchayat, fort and landlord
houses are center of attraction in a village around which the houses are
located. In addition, it is define as “A settlement of one nuclei or
agglomerated without any sub hamlet called as compact settlement”.
2) Semi-compact rural settlements type
It is also called hamleted clustered or quasi-compact rural
settlement. In this type besides the main human settlement, one or more
satellite settlements (Gaon wadi, wasti) are found, which linked with the
footpath may be metalled or unmetlled road or streets.
3) Semi-sprinkled rural settlements type
It may be called fragmented or hamlated rural settlement. This
type of settlement has number of hamlets and therefore, no recognizable
central site and is called as semi-sprinkled settlements. In this settlement,
the entire territory exhibits hamlets which spread within the village as
well as, which houses are away from each other but entire group of
houses make one village.
4) Dispersed rural settlement type
It is also known as sprinkled rural settlement. It shows the
scattered dwellings or the houses are found quite apart from each other
due to farms or fields. This type of settlement has higher spacing and
lower population size and houses are comparatively far apart.

163
5.4 Quantitative Methods for type of Rural Settlements:
Quantitative methods used to find out types of rural settlements.
Various geographers and thinkers have developed these methods. Some
of these significant quantitative methods are used to measuring the
indices of agglomeration and dispersion. In the first step Bernard method
was used for the determination of settlement concentration. 5

5.4.1 Bernrad method for settlement concentration:

HXA
C = ----------------
S2
Where,
C = Degree of concentration,
H = Total number of houses in the tahsil,
A = Area of tahsil,
S = Number of settlements in the tahsil.

According to Table 5.1, it is observed that with the growth of

decade, there is growth of concentration of settlement type except few
tahsils. The maximum concentration of settlements throughout four
decade is found in Bhusawal, Jalgaon and Erandol tahsils. But other
some tahsils show gradual growth in concentration of settlements from
1981 and 2011 decade. These tahsils are Yawal, Bhadgaon, Chalisgaon,
Jamner and Bodwad tahsils (Map 5.1). Settlement type is divided in
four groups.
1) Compact Settlement type:
This type of settlements are found in Jalgaon (1981, 1991, 2001,
2011), Yawal (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Bhusawal (2011), Bhadgaon
(2001, 2011) and Chalisgaon (2001, 2011) tahsils.

164
 Table 5.1
Bernrad Index of Concentration (1981 to 2011)
Sr. No. Tahsil 1981 1991 2001 2011
1 Jalgaon 4278 4312 4519 4650
2 Chopda 2163 2171 2309 2103
3 Yawal 3113 3234 3310 3412
4 Raver 2137 2187 2217 2282
5 Muktainagar 2283 2314 2400 2492
6 Bodwad - - 2994 2994
7 Bhusawal 135 498 2774 4760
8 Erandol 1702 1982 2946 3862
9 Dharangaon - - 1679 1679
10 Amalner 1337 1300 1319 1275
11 Parola 1385 1378 1398 1410
12 Bhadgaon 2814 2912 3075 3195
13 Chalisgaon 2852 2910 3172 3280
14 Pachora 1653 1695 1710 1747
15 Jamner 2351 2219 2627 2850
District Total 28203 32815 38449 41991
Source: Computed by Researcher

2) Semi- compact settlement type:

In this type Chopda (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Raver
(1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Muktainagar (1981, 1991, 2001,
2011), Bodwad (2001, 2011), Bhusawal (2001), Erandol (2001),
Bhadgaon (1981, 1991), Chalisgaon (1981,1991) and Jamner
(1981, 1991, 2001, 2011) tahsils are merging.

165
 BERNARD’S INDEX OF CONCENTRATION (1981-2011)

1981 1991

2001 2011

INDEX
Above - 3000
2500 - 3000
0 06 12 KM 1500 - 2500
Map 5.1 Below - 1500

166
3) Semi- sprinkled settlement type:
These types of settlements are found in the tahsils like Erandol
(1981, 1991), Dharangaon (2001, 2011), Amalner (1981, 1991, 2001,
2011), Parola (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011) and Pachora (1981, 1991, 2001,
2011).
4) Dispersed settlement type:
It is observed that in Bhusawal tahsil throughout two
decade dispersed type of settlements are observed.

5.4.2 Debouverie Method For Settlement Concentration6 :

H
X = K --------
L
Where,
X = Degree of concentration,
K = Constant (0.25),
H = Total number of dwelling in the tahsil,
L = Number of settlements units in the tahsil.

From table 5.2, it is cleared that high concentration of settlements

found in Bhusawal, Erandol, Jalgaon and Yawal tahsils. So the settlement
divided into the type according to their concentration (Map 5.2). In it
found four types of settlements they are

167
 Table 5.2
Debouverie Index of Concentration (1981 to 2011)

Sr. No. Tahsil 1981 1991 2001 2011

1 Jalgaon 116 122 124 127
2 Chopda 77 78 79 80
3 Yawal 104 110 116 119
4 Raver 91 94 97 100
5 Muktainagar 72 76 81 83
6 Bodwad - - 90 104
7 Bhusawal 128 138 146 156
8 Erandol 64 84 109 132
9 Dharangaon - - 65 71
10 Amalner 54 57 59 61
11 Parola 50 51 51 52
12 Bhadgaon 92 96 98 104
13 Chalisgaon 80 85 89 95
14 Pachora 66 69 70 76
15 Jamner 70 72 84 86
District Total 1064 1132 1358 1446
Source: computed by Researcher.

1) Compact type of settlement:-

This type is found in Jalgaon (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Yawal
(1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Raver (2011), Bhusawal (1981, 1991, 2001,
2011), Erandol (2001, 2011), Bhadgaon (2011) and Pachora (2011)
tahsils.

168
 DEBOUVERIE INDEX OF CONCENTRATION (1981-2011)

1981 1991

2001 2011

INDEX
Above - 100
90 - 100

0 06 12 KM 80 - 90
Map 5.2 Below - 80

169
2) Semi – compact type of settlement:-
It is observed in tahsils like Chopda (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011),
Raver (1981, 1991, 2001), Muktainagar (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011),
Bodwad (2001), Erandol (1991), Bhadgaon (1981, 1991, 2001),
Chalisgaon (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011) and Jamner (2001, 2011) tahsils.
3) Semi – sprinkled type of settlement:-
Such settlement type is involved in tahsils like Muktainagar
(1981), Erandol (1981), Dharangaon (2001, 2011), Amalner (1981, 1991,
2001, 2011), Parola (1991, 2001, 2011) and Pachora (1981, 1991, 2001)
tahsils.
4) Dispersed type of settlement:-
It is merges in the tahsils like Parola (1981).

5.4.3 Demangeon Method For Settlement Dispersion7:

EXN
C = ----------------
T
Where,
C = Index of dispersion,
E = Rural population of tahsil,
N = Number of settlement in tahsil,
T = Total population of tahsil.

170
 Table No. 5.3
Demangeon Index of Dispersion 1981 to 2011

Sr. No. Tahsil 1981 1991 2001 2011

1 Jalgaon 86 86 86 87
2 Chopda 111 113 117 119
3 Yawal 87 89 90 91
4 Raver 16 80 112 116
5 Muktainagar 79 80 83 84
6 Bodwad - - 45 53
7 Bhusawal 51 51 52 51
8 Erandol 150 146 86 65
9 Dharangaon - - 70 96
10 Amalner 155 152 149 147
11 Parola 113 114 115 116
12 Bhadgaon 63 60 62 63
13 Chalisgaon 139 138 139 138
14 Pachora 127 127 128 128
15 Jamner 158 159 159 160
District Total 1335 1395 1493 1514
Source: Computed by Researcher.

The degree of dispersion is opposite condition of concentration. It

means that the value of index (result) is high than it‟s indicate dispersed
type of settlement and as the index of dispersion is reduced it indicates
semi- sprinkled, semi- compact and compact settlement type.

171
 According to Table 5.3, Jamner, Amalner and Chalisgaon tahsil
holds high degree of dispersion while the tahsils like Bhusawal,
Bodwad, Bhadgaon and Erandol show low degree of dispersion (Map
5.3). The spatio-temporal analysis of study region is as follows
1) Dispersed type of settlement:-
This type of settlement was found in Chopda (1981, 1991,
2001, 2011), Raver (2001, 2011), Erandol (1981, 1991), Amalner
(1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Parola (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011),
Chalisgaon (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Pachora (1981, 1991, 2001,
2011) and Jamner (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011) tahsils in four decade
i.e. 1981 to 2011.
2) Semi-sprinkled type of settlement:-
The tahsils like Jalgaon (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Yawal (1981,
1991, 2001, 2011), Raver (1991), Muktainagar (1981, 1991, 2001,
2011), , Erandol (2001) and Dharangaon (2011).
3) Semi-compact type of settlement:-
This type of settlement merges in tahsils like Bodwad (2011),
Bhusawal (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Erandol (2011), Dharangaon
(2001), Bhadgaon (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011).
4) Compact type of settlement:-
It is observed in tahsils like Raver (1981) and Bodwad (2001).

172
 DEMANGEON INDEX OF DISPERSION (1981-2011)

1981 1991

2001 2011

INDEX
Above - 100
80 - 100
60 - 80
0 06 12 KM
Below - 60
Map 5.3

173
5.4.4 Houston Method For Settlement Dispersion8:
SXN
K = ----------------
T-E
Where,
K = Index of dispersion,
S = Area of tahsil,
N = Total number of settlement in tahsil,
T = Total population of tahsil,
E = total population of tahsil headquarter.
Table 5.4
Houston Index of Dispersion (1981 to 2011)
Sr. No. Tahsil 1981 1991 2001 2011
1 Jalgaon 0.28 1.10 2.14 3.24
2 Chopda 1.77 2.10 2.89 3.20
3 Yawal 1.15 1.00 0.86 0.26
4 Raver 1.81 1.65 1.30 0.31
5 Muktainagar 12.44 10.00 4.03 0.48
6 Bodwad - - 1.05 1.58
7 Bhusawal 0.20 1.10 1.90 2.90
8 Erandol 2.47 2.30 1.80 0.56
9 Dharangaon - - 0.14 0.20
10 Amalner 1.68 1.40 1.56 0.18
11 Parola 3.05 2.10 1.20 0.26
12 Bhadgaon 0.26 0.31 0.36 0.39
13 Chalisgaon 2.25 1.20 0.90 0.29
14 Pachora 2.45 2.40 1.40 1.16
15 Jamner 5.65 3.10 1.20 0.06
District Total 35.46 29.76 22.73 15.07
Source: computed by Researcher.

174
 According to Houston‟s method of dispersion, Jalgaon and
Chopda tahsil shows the tendency of high degree of dispersion while
tahsils like Jamner, Amalner and Dharangaon show low degree of
dispersion. (Table No. 5.4 and Map 5.4) Due to fluctuation of
dispersion index it divided into four types. They are
1) Dispersed type of settlement:-
This type of settlements is found in Jalgaon (2011), Chopda
(2011), Muktainagar (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Parola (1981) and
Jamner (1981, 1991) tahsils.
2) Semi- sprinkled type of settlement:-
It is observed in Jalgaon (2001), Chopda (1991, 2001),
Bhusawal (2011), Erandol (1981, 1991), Parola (1991), Chalisgaon
(1981) and Pachora (1981, 1991) tahsils.
3) Semi- compact type of settlement:-
In the study region this type of settlements are alighted in
tahsils like Jalgaon (1991), Chopda (1981), Yawal (1981, 1991), Raver
(1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Bodwad (2001, 2011), Bhusawal (1981, 1991),
Erandol (2001), Amalner (1981, 1991, 2001), Parola (2001), Chalisgaon
(1991), Pachora (2001, 2011) and Jamner (2001).
4) Compact type of settlement:-
The tahsils like Jalgaon (1981), Yawal (2001, 2011), Raver
(2011), Bhusawal (1981), Erandol (2011), Dharangaon (2001, 2011),
Amalner (2011), Parola (2011), Bhadgaon (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011),
Chalisgaon (2001, 2011) and Jamner (2011) are hold compact type of
settlement.

175
 HOUSTONE INDEX OF CONCENTRATION (1981-2011)

1981 1991

2001 2011

INDEX
Above – 3.00
2.00 – 3.00
0 06 12 KM 1.00 – 2.00
Map 5.4 Below – 1.00

176
 The explanation of four methods are not shows the proper
interpretation about the type because each shows different results it is due
to change in parameters but to understand the common type of settlement
is important, so Researcher considers all the methods and sums up
according to type and time, it gives 16 combination (except Bodwad and
Dharangaon because it is new tahsils which was born at June 1999) i.e.
four decade (1981 to 2011) with four methods namely Barnard,
Debouverie, Demangeon and Houston, it shows in Table No. 5.5
According to this following results are derive.
5.5 Types of Settlement in the study region
Table 5.5
Types of Settlement in the Study Region
Semi Semi
No Tahsil Compact Dispersed Result
Compact Sprinkled
1 Jalgaon 09 01 05 01 Compact
2 Chopda 00 09 02 05 Semi-compact
3 Yawal 10 02 04 00 Compact
4 Raver 03 10 01 02 Semi-compact
5 Muktainagar 00 08 05 03 Semi-compact
6 Bodwad 07 06 00 03 Compact
7 Bhusawal 06 07 01 02 Semi-compact
8 Erandol 04 04 06 02 Semi-sprinkled
9 Dharangaon 04 03 05 04 Semi-sprinkled
10 Amalner 01 03 08 04 Semi-sprinkled
11 Parola 01 01 08 06 Semi-sprinkled
12 Bhadgaon 07 09 00 00 Semi-compact
13 Chalisgaon 04 07 01 04 Semi-compact
14 Pachora 01 02 09 04 Semi-sprinkled
15 Jamner 01 07 02 06 Semi-compact
Total 58 79 57 46
Source: computed by Researcher

177
 1) Compact type of settlement :

This type of settlement was found in only Jalgaon, Yawal and

Bodwad tahsil. In this tahsil, size of settlement in terms of population is
very high i.e. above 4000 person with compare to other tahsils in the
study region. In Jalgaon, Yawal and Bodwad tahsil black soil is found
which is highly productive in entire study region. It is highly irrigated
area so the population size of settlement is large and it also affects on the
type of settlement which is compact in nature (Table 5.5 and Map 5.5).

2) Semi- compact type of settlement :

The semi-compact type of settlement is found in the tahsils like

Chopda, Raver, Muktainagar, Bhusawal, Bhadgaon, chalisgaon and
Jamner. It is the result of good soil productivity, urbanization, good
transportation facility, industrialization, more employment opportunity.
So population size of tahsils is ranges between moderate to very high
(more than 2000 persons). That is why in this tahsils semi-compact type
of settlement was found (Table 5.5 and Map 5.5).

3) Semi- sprinkled type of settlement:

Most of tahsils in study area are merges in semi-sprinkled type of

settlement. These tahsils are Erandol, Dharangaon, Amalner, Parola and
Pachora. The most of these tahsils are suffer by water scarcity in late
winter and summer season, which affects on agricultural zone, less
industrial zone. So the size of settlement in terms of population low to
moderate i.e. 1001 to 3000 persons (Table 5.5 and Map 5.5).

178
TYPES OF SETTLEMENT IN JALGAON DISTRICT
(1981-2011)

INDEX
Semi-Sprinkled
Semi-Compact
Compact

0 12 24KM
Map 5.5

179
5.6 Nearest Neighbour Analysis :
Nearest neighbour analysis is a measurement in which the
distribution computed for settlements and their distance.9 It is known as
the randomness in the distribution of pattern of settlement. 10 The ratio
(Rn) of the observed mean distance and the expected mean distance
between settlements varies from 0 to 2.15, when Rn. = 0 indicating
absolute clustering, Rn = 0.23 clustering along line, Rn = 1 completely
random and Rn = 2.15 suggesting maximum regular spacing, when one
can observed critical value (Rn. Ideal values) which is exceptionally
occurs (i.e. critical value 0. 23, 1.00 and 2.15). So the approximate range
has been used to categories the type of settlement. In Table 5.6 and Map
No.5.6; most of Rn. values of study area is ranging in a group 0.23 to
1.00 which means tendency of settlement is clustering along line. This is
tendency found in tahsils like Chalisgaon (0.12), Amalner (0.14) and
Jamner (0.15) and on the other hand tahsil like Bhadgaon (0.05), Jalgaon
(0.06), Bhusawal (0.06), Bodwad (0.06), Pachora (0.06), Yawal (0.07),
Parola (0.07), Chopda (0.08), Erandol (0.08), Dharangaon (0.08), Raver
(0.10),Muktainagar (0.11) are shows the tendency of absolute clustering.
So the whole district average Rn. value is 0.086. This Rn. value is
shifting from ideal Rn. value 1 and marching towards ideal value 0.23 it
is because numbers of settlements are increase decade to decade and area
remain same.

180
 Table 5.6
Nearest Neighbour Analysis
Index value
Sr. No Tahsil Settlement type
(Rn)
1 Jalgaon 0.06 Clustering along line
2 Chopda 0.08 Clustering along line
3 Yawal 0.07 Clustering along line
4 Raver 0.10 Clustering along line
5 Muktainagar 0.11 Clustering along line
6 Bodwad 0.06 Clustering along line
7 Bhusawal 0.06 Clustering along line
8 Erandol 0.08 Clustering along line
9 Dharangaon 0.08 Clustering along line
10 Amalner 0.14 Absolute Clustering
11 Parola 0.07 Clustering along line
12 Bhadgaon 0.05 Clustering along line
13 Chalisgaon 0.12 Absolute Clustering
14 Pachora 0.06 Clustering along line
15 Jamner 0.15 Absolute Clustering
Total 0.08 Clustering along line
Source: Computed by Researcher

It means that if number of settlement increases with respect to time

in a same area then the settlement type changes from maximum regular
spacing (dispersed) to compact type. The establishment of the new
settlement is the function of physical and economic factors, if this factor
is favorable than new settlement establish and vice versa. Nearest
neighbor analysis is also indirectly get influenced by these factors namely
physical (soil, slope, drainage, physiography, climate, water availability
etc.) and economic factors (transportation, agriculture, industry etc).

181
NEAREST NEIGHBOUR ANALYSIS (1981-2011)

Rn INDEX

Absolute Clustering
Clustering along line
0 12 24KM

Map 5.6

182
5.7 Settlement Pattern in Study Region :
The controversial nature of the policy is reflected in the fact that it
has been subject to legal challenge, resulting in the policy being re-issued
by the Department of the Environment.11 In the studies area there are 1519
rural settlements. Study of each settlement pattern is quite difficult, so
Researcher study those rural settlements which are having more than
5,000 populations according to 2011 census. For study purpose
Researcher used Google Earth images. It shows analysis of shape of
settlement than the toposheet settlements shape. The Google Earth images
are recent, so it gives proper shape than old toposheet settlement pattern.
1) Square Pattern
A square shaped village develops at the instruction of the road and
cart tract as a settlement occurs simultaneously in all the four quadrants.
Examples of such villages are Lasur, Naigaon, Pal, Muktainagar,
Khadke, Kurhe, Asoda, Umare, Paldhi kh., Patonda, Gudhe, Mehunbare,
Kurhad Kh., Neri Digar etc. (Figure.5.1)

Fig. 5.1 Square Pattern

183
 2) Rectangular Pattern
The aggregation of rectangular or square buildings in the plots of
same shape results into rectangular plans of the village. The advantages
of rectangular shape lie in accommodating maximum number of houses
in several rows. Examples are Vardhi, Dambhumi, Rasalpur, Anturli,
Bodwad, Kandhari, Nashirabad, Adgaon, , Dahivad (Figure 5.2)

Fig. 5.2 Rectangular Pattern

3) Linear Pattern
This pattern is easily _recognized with its simple arrangement of
houses along a line like on road, river, and nalas. Examples are
Ahirwadi, Waghod, Vadhode, Selwad, Kurhe Pr.,Chincholi, Paldhi
Bk., Shirsamani, Girad, Umbarkhed, Bhamrudh Pr. (Figure 5.3)

Fig. 5.3 Linear Pattern

184
4) L-Shape Pattern
Along the road sometimes two rectangular blocks of houses
meet at right angle, which form the L shape pattern. For example
Paldhi Bk., Kekatnimbhora, Pahur Kasba etc (Figure 5.4)

Fig. 5.4 L- Shape Pattern

5) Triangular Pattern

Sometimes villages provide particular triangular shape, the main

block forms the base and other gets extension towards the apex with road,
rail or river. Example villages are Busawal, Jamner, Jalgaon, Dhrangaon,
vanjole, Dhonere etc. (Figure 5.5)

Fig. 5.5 Triangle Pattern

185
 6) Semi-circular Pattern
These settlements look like crescent shape due to road river
curvature or agriculture field. Example are Shelgaon, Sonale, Ambegaon,
Pimpalgaon, Kurhe Panche, Sayagaon, Janefal, Dapori, Pokhri,
Sonkehedi, Hirapur, Dalwade, Gondegaon etc. (Figure 5.6)

Fig. 5.6 Semi-Circular Pattern

7) Circular Pattern
Along the curvature of river or road there is arrangement of the
houses in somewhat circular manner then circular pattern get develop.
For example Umerkhed, Mandki, kolgaon, Mhasas etc. (Figure 5.7)

- -- - -- -- -
- -- - - - -- - - - - -
- - - - - -- - - - -
- - -
- -- - - - - - -- - - -
-

Fig. 5.7 Circular Pattern

186

Fig. 5.2 Circular Pattern

8) Chess Board Pattern
A rough grid plan is visible in some of the villages in the study
region where main lanes intersect each other. Other small lanes go to
interior houses, parallel to the former lanes. Its example is lohara,
Ranjani, Takli, Mohadi etc . (Figure No. 5.8)

Fig. 5.8 Chess-board Pattern

9) Star Shape Pattern

When many roads meet at the center and along that road houses are
buildup then star shape settlement gets form .For example Jalgaon,
Amalner, Pachora, Bhadgaon, and Yawal. (Figure 5.9)

Fig. 5.9 Star Shape Pattern

187
10) Y Shape Pattern
When two main roads meet at a point and after this main road
become single than Y shape pattern gets form. For example Raver, Pahur
Peth. (Figure 5.10)

Fig. 5.10 Y-Shape Pattern

It is observed that compact and composite types of rural

settlements show variety of patterns with compared to disperse and
fragmented type of rural settlement. In spite of physical factor, the
dominance of cast system, the pattern of land holding, irrigation and
transport network also play an important role in shaping village patterns
in the study region.
5.8 Spacing of Settlement:
The spacing is the ratio and under root function of total area and
number of settlements, still it is depend upon fundamental factors such as
population size, history of an area, Industrial zone, land occupancy,
fertility of land and productivity of agriculture, cropping pattern,
distribution and availability of water etc.

188
5.7.1 Rana R. B. Sings Method of Spacing :
In this method Researcher use four groups of spacing. This method
is more applicable to study region because with increasing decade there
is growth in settlements in study region and it gives the result that there is
decrease in spacing between settlements. 13

S = 1.0746 √ A/N

Where,
S = Spacing of the villages in the tahsil,
A = Total area of the tahsil,
N = total settlements in the tahsil.
According to table 5.7 and Map 5.7 tahsils like Muktainagar and
Chopda show the moderate spacing among the settlements in the decade
1981 to 1991. But these tahsils showed the low spacing in the decade
2001 to 2011. That means there is increase in settlement. This increase in
settlement is due to some wadi and wasti or group Grampanchayat
villages acquire the status of separate Grampanchayat because its
population is increased. It happens because in this tahsils after 1991
decade there is improvement in irrigation system, change in cropping
system, establishment of sugar industry etc. which influence the
population and it leads to increase in settlements.

189
 On the other hand north part of study region which holds tahsils
like Erandol, Jalgaon and Jamner shows the low spacing which has
more settlement density. It is due to more fertility of soil, Black soil
nature and texture, more irrigated area leads to more settlement in small
region which holds large population size.

Table No. 5.7

Rana R. B. Singh Index of Spacing (1981 To 2011)

Sr. No. Tahsil 1981 1991 2001 2011

1 Jalgaon 3.26 3.24 3.25 3.25
2 Chopda 2.85 2.79 2.78 2.75
3 Yawal 2.94 2.93 2.89 2.88
4 Raver 2.60 2.59. 2.58 2.57
5 Muktainagar 3.03 2.98 2.92 2.94
6 Bodwad - - 2.86 2.87
7 Bhusawal 2.97 2.96 2.96 2.97
8 Erandol 2.76 3.20 3.92 4.20
9 Dharangaon - - 2.60 2.61
10 Amalner 2.47 2.46 2.45 2.45
11 Parola 2.83 2.82 2.81 2.79
12 Bhadgaon 2.97 2.96 2.96 2.97
13 Chalisgaon 3.20 3.18 3.16 3.16
14 Pachora 2.68 2.67 2.66 2.67
15 Jamner 3.11 3.10 3.09 3.09
District Total 2.89 2.94 2.92 2.94
Source: computed by Researcher

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 SPACING OF SETTLEMENT BY RANA R.B. SINGH
METHOD (1981-2011)

1981 1991

2001 2011

INDEX
Above – 3.50
0 06 12 KM
2.50 – 3.50

Map 5.7 Below – 2.50

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5.9 Size of Settlement:

Settlement size is the population settlement ratio. There are many

factors like physical, social, economical and cultural which affects
distribution, size, spacing and morphology of different settlements.12
The covariance of spacing of rural settlements depends on such
fundamental factors as fertility of land, productivity of agriculture, nature
of crops, distribution and availability of water, density and size of rural
population, mode of living, relative strengths of tribal population and
several other factors. 14 It is the important function of nature of soil,
topography, availability of water (irrigation), socio-economic background
of the cultural group of a particular area.
P
S = -----------
N
Where,
S = Average size of population of village in a tahsil,
P = Total population within tahsil,
N = Total number of settlement within tahsil.
So understand the settlement size Researcher divides the size of
settlement in five groups. They are
1) Very low size of settlement (Below 1500 persons per
settlement)
2) Low size of settlement (Between 1500 to 2000 persons per
settlement)
3) Medium size of settlement (Between 2000 to 2500 persons
per settlement)

192
 4) High size of settlement (Between 2500 to 3000 persons per
settlement)
5) Very high size of settlement (Above 3000 persons per
settlement)
Table No. 5.8
Size of Settlements in Study Region
Sr. No. Tahsil 1981 1991 2001 2011
1 Jalgaon 4685 4770 4804 4872
2 Chopda 2097 2140 2229 2317
3 Yawal 2594 2680 2775 2695
4 Raver 2217 2240 2260 2279
5 Muktainagar 1510 1730 1890 1945
6 Bodwad - - 943 1732
7 Bhusawal 6965 6990 4125 3373
8 Erandol 1793 2315 2554 2655
9 Dharangaon - - 994 1438
10 Amalner 1628 1640 1644 1700
11 Parola 1079 1214 1310 1372
12 Bhadgaon 2060 2110 2190 2256
13 Chalisgaon 2368 2312 2479 2519
14 Pachora 1790 1817 1900 1935
15 Jamner 1613 1705 1815 1894
District Total 2492 2589 2261 2332
Source: Computed by researcher

According to table 5.8 and Map 5.8 show the following results
1) Very low size of settlement (Below 1500 persons per settlement):
In this criteria Parola (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Bodwad (2001),
Dharangaon (2001, 2011) are merge.

193
2) Low size of settlement (Between 1500 to 2000 persons per
settlement) : The tahsils like Muktainagar (1981, 1991, 2001,
2011), Erandol (1981), Amalner (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011) ,
Pachora (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Jamner (1981, 1991, 2001,
2011), Bodwad (2011) are found.
3) Medium size of settlements: (Between 2000 to 2500 persons per
settlement)
These settlements are found in Chopda (1981, 1991, 2001,
2011), Raver (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Erandol (1991),
Chalisgaon (1981, 1991, 2001) and Bhadgaon (1981, 1991,
2001, 2011) tahsils.
4) High size of settlement (Between 2500 to 3000 persons per
settlements)
In this group, Yawal (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011), Erandol (2001,
2011) and Chalisgaon (2011) tahsils are merge.
5) Very high size of settlement (Above 3000 persons per settlement):
This type of settlement is observed in tahsils like Jalgaon (1981,
1991, 2001, 2011) and Bhusawal (1981, 1991, 2001, 2011).
Generally, it is observed that settlements of Jalgaon and
Bhusawal tahsils show the high to very high size of settlement since
1981-2011. It is also observed that in Jalgaon tahsil high soil fertility &
irrigation facility is there and industries like Cotton, Paper, Agricultural
tool, Alcohol etc are established. While in Jalgaon tahsil M.I.D.C. is
well established and district head quarter city namely Jalgaon is found
in this tahsil. So settlement size is high to very high.

194
 SIZE OF SETTLEMENTS IN JALGAON DISTRICT
(1981-2011)

1981 1991

2001 2011

INDEX
Above - 3000
2500 - 3000
2000 - 2500

0 06 12 KM 1500 - 2000
Map 5.8 Below - 1500

195
 The tahsils like Parola, Bodwad and Dharangaon show very low to
low size of settlements in terms of population. It is because this area is
located in water scarcity in late winter and summer, less productivity of
soil, seasonal river flow etc. These factors affect on the size of settlement
in terms of population in study region. But it is also observed that there is
increase in size of settlement with increasing decade. This changes
happens because human influence i.e. positive impact of social and
economic factors (improvement in medical; irrigation and transportation
facility, centrifugal force for distribution of cotton industry and other
industry from study region, changing cropping pattern, increasing
employment opportunity in agricultural sector etc.).
5.10 Importance of Rural Service Centers:
A permanent settlement with all availabilities of sequel, catering to
the socio-economic need and all other needs of the people to agricultural
requirements of surrounding area may be treated as Rural Service
Center/place. Therefore Rural Service Centers basically those villages
which provide vital social services to the rural population of the
surrounding villages. 15 Each centre provided developmental services to
nearby villages by playing prime role in overall growth and development
of all surrounding villages. These centrally located villages act as
catalysts for growth these center generate economics growth impulses
which trickle down to villages located in their area of influence. The
centers were conceived as a bridge between the urban and rural unive rse
to serve as development and diffusion centers. They will play a potential
role to serve the needs of the people and fulfill the all types of agricultural
requirements.

196
 Broadly centrality is the measure of importance of a place in terms
of its functional capacity to serve the needs of the people of the
surrounding area and can be expressed qualitatively such as low and high
centrality.

5.11 Distribution of Amenities :

Different types of groups from the rural service center or amenities
which are available in the village indicate the social, cultural and
economic progress of the villages, these amenities are provided by the
various government agencies, particularly Zilla Parishad, District
Collector office, Director of Health, Maharashtra state Electricity Board
and some private and other institutions such as co-operative sugar
factories etc. Primary necessities like availability of Educational facilities,
Medical facilities, Drinking water, Post office, communication facility to
increase the betterment of life of the rural people. 16 Assessments of these
amenities becomes important tool and can be study the rural settlement of
particular area (Table 5.9).

197
 Table No. 5.9
Tahsil-wise Amenities of Villages (2011)
Sr. Post
Tahsil Education Medical PCO
No office
236 46
Pri. School Maternity
(10.4) (29.8)
Sec. 75 218 39 1998
1 Jalgaon Dispensary
School (14.8) (31.4) (7.35) (22)
High- 24 05
P.H.C
School (22.4) (6.49)
158 06
Pri. School Maternity
(6.96) (3.89)
Sec. 44 37 40 515
2 Chopda Dispensary
School (8.69) (5.33) (7.54) (5.97)
High- 11 07
P.H.C
School (11.2) (9.0)
159 03
Pri. School Maternity
(7.00) (1.94)
Sec. 31 35 36 470
3 Yawal Dispensary
School (6.12) (5.04) (6.79) (5.44)
High- 21 06
P.H.C
School (21.4) (7.79)
178 03
Pri. School Maternity
(7.84) (1.94)
Sec. 33 10 37 459
4 Raver Dispensary
School (6.52) (1.44) (6.98) (5.32)
High- 18 07
P.H.C
School (18.3) (9.09)
115
Pri. School Maternity -
(5.06)
Sec. 16 01 21 271
5 Muktainagar Dispensary
School (3.16) (0.14) (3.96) (3.14)
High- 08 04
P.H.C
School (8.16) (5.19)
66
Pri. School Maternity -
(2.90)
Sec. 08 01 12 374
6 Bodwad Dispensary
School (1.58) (0.14) (2.26) (4.33)
High- 04 02
P.H.C
School (4.48) (2.59)
138 40
Pri. School Maternity
(6.08) (25.9)
Sec. 32 159 46 560
7 Bhusawal Dispensary
School (6.32) (22.9) (8.67) (6.49)
High- 17 04
P.H.C
School (17.3) (5.91)
87 06
Pri. School Maternity
(3.83) (3.89)
Sec. 24 18 23 406
8 Erandol Dispensary
School (4.47) (2.59) (4.33) (4.70)
High- 06 03
P.H.C
School (6.12) (3.89)

198
 97 04
Pri. School Maternity
(4.27) (2.59)
Sec. 26 27 22 271
9 Dharangaon Dispensary
School (5.13) (3.89) (4.15) (3.14)
High- 07 04
P.H.C
School (7.14) (5.19)
173 09
Pri. School Maternity
(7.62) (5.84)
Sec. 44 72 53 760
10 Amalner Dispensary
School (8.69) (10.3) (10.0) (8.81)
High- 18 05
P.H.C
School (18.3) (6.49)
123 08
Pri. School Maternity
(5.42) (5.19)
Sec. 33 25 30 296
11 Parola Dispensary
School (6.52) (3.60) (5.66) (3.43)
High- 10 04
P.H.C
School (10.2) (5.19)
101 03
Pri. School Maternity
(4.45) (1.94)
Sec. 26 08 20 343
12 Bhadgaon Dispensary
School (5.13) (1.15) (3.77) (3.97)
High- 11 04
P.H.C
School (11.2) (5.19)
238 18
Pri. School Maternity
(10.4) (11.6)
Sec. 46 29 60 832
13 Chalisgaon Dispensary
School (9.09) (4.17) (11.3) (9.64)
High- 16 10
P.H.C
School (16.3) (12.9)
178 03
Pri. School Maternity
(7.84) (1.94)
Sec. 47 14 46 515
14 Pachora Dispensary
School (9.28) (2.01) (8.67) (5.97)
High- 10 05
P.H.C
School (10.2) (6.49)
222 05
Pri. School Maternity
(9.78) (3.24)
Sec. 21 40 45 656
15 Jamner Dispensary
School (4.15) (5.76) (8.49) (7.60)
High- 10 07
P.H.C
School (10.2) (9.09)
2269 154
Pri. School Maternity
(100) (100)
Sec. 506 694 530 8626
Total Dispensary
School (100) (100) (100) (100)
High- 98 77
P.H.C
School (100) (100)
Source: Socio-economic abstract of Jalgaon District 2011-12.

199
5.10.1 Educational Facilities :
Education plays a very important role in the development of socio-
economic transformation of rural area. There is a rapid growth in
numbers of educational facilities in the study region during last three
decades making the facility available to a larger number of children most
of the villages have primary schools.
Average there is 2269 primary schools in Jalgaon region. 506
secondary schools and 98 higher secondary school in the study region
while the majority of the primary schools are run by the Zillah Perished
and some private schools out of them some of the villages have more
than one primary school. Hence about 100% villages have primary
education facility. This educational facility is very important to increase
the literacy over all in the region. Highest primary school are recorded in
Jalgaon tashil 236 (10.40%) and the lowest primary school are noticed in
Bodwad tahsil 66 (2.90%) during the period of 1981 up to 2011.
While highest Secondary school of the region was recorded in
Jalgaon tahsil 75 (14.82%) and the lowest secondary school was noticed
in Bodwad tahsil 08 (1.58%).

5.10.2 Medical Facilities :

Health issue is one of the crucial and fundamental rights for the
growth and overall development of any nation. Their fore it is said that
„„to secure human welfare, the economic necessities of high standard of
health and decent living conditions with equal opportunities with his &
fellow citizens and the highest possible degree of self respect and rights
of others''.
In the Jalgaon district medical facilities are inadequate as compare

200
to the total population of Jalgaon district. Within the 1519 villages of the
district having 42,29,917 persons, there were 694 hospitals. The highest
percentage of hospitals was recorded in Jalgaon tahsil (31.40%) followed
by Bhusawal tahsil (22.90%) and the lowest hospital was noticed in
Muktainagar and Bodwad tahsil (0.14%), there was only one hospital.
Whereas the highest maternity hospitals was recorded in Jalgaon tahsil
(29.80%) followed by Bhusawal tahsil (25.90%) and the lowest maternity
hospital was recorded in Pachora tahsil (1.94%) during the period of
study work. Unfortunately Bodwad and Muktainagar tahsil dose have
maternity hospital facility (Table 5.9).
In the study region there are Primary health center (P.H.C.) are
noticed in each tahsil as per the Govt. policy. The highest number of
Primary health center was recorded in Chalisgaon tahsil (12.90%) and the
lowest Primary health center was noticed in Badnapur Bodwad, Erandol
and Dharangaon tahsil (3.89% each).
Over all problem of inadequacy of the medical facilities in the rural
areas of the region is further aggravated by the reluctance of the personal
to say in rural areas or to visit the villages frequently. During the rainy
season the disease problem become more critical for the rural people
because of the inadequate facilities, so they have reach to central place
from their remote place.
5.10.3 Communication Facilities
Jalgaon district is inadequately served by postal services as
compare to the number of total villages of 1519. There are only 506
number of post office in the study area. The highest number of post
offices was found in Chalisgaon tahsil (11.30%) and the lowest

201
percentage of post offices in Bodwad tahsil (2.26%) during the period of
1981-2011.
Alternative communication facilities like PCO or telephone is
latest trend that‟s why post service is now not become more usable as
compare to telephone or electronic mailing facilities. Though there are
8626 total PCO are recorded in the Jalgaon district. Out of them highest
PCO was found in Jalgaon tahsil (22%) and Dharangaon tahsil has lowest
(3.14%) PCO.

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