1
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Rationale
Academic performance plays an important role in moving to the next course of action,
which in turn shapes our career. In today’s highly competitive world, students are now easily
prone to academic pressure because of some various factors such as exam stress, heavy academic
work loads, inability to balance one’s leisure time with school and worries of not meeting higher
standards. In addition, it involves mental distress regarding unanticipated academic challenge or
even the fear of the possibility of academic failure. These factors may also affect the
communicative relationship of peers and the physical oneself alone due to the time and effort
being utilized. The major incidents of suicide among students are caused by academic stress and
its impact that became a serious issue among school and policymakers (Thakkar, 2018). We
cannot deny the fact that we are very vulnerable into such problem because of the lack of
experience and are still adapting to that kind of environment. In connection to this, some of us
don’t have any supportive family who can somehow reduce its effects.
Putting University of Cebu Main Campus as one of the major universities in Cebu
where in quality education is put first at its finest. The university have done several programs
like the monthly subject activities where in students get involved and have reasons to get busy
and stressed. Simultaneous tasks are done in this moment with the occurrence of fast due date
because of the degree of necessity. Be that as it may, how to overcome academic stress is always
have something to look forward to everyday and it doesn’t always have to be something that big.
This helps to have a reason to anticipate the next day and thus cope with academic stress better.
2
Understanding the sources of stress would facilitate the development of effective counselling
modules and interventions strategies by school councillors in order to help students alleviate
stress.
Theoretical Background
The Bandura’s Social Theory of learning states that behaviors are as a result of those
that are modeled to them and the instructions given to them. In connection, people tend to do and
meet expectations of others as per following what is ask (Bandura, 1977).
Another theory that supports the study is the Psychological Stress Theory of Richard
Lazarus, states that individual’s efforts in any ways just to manage specific demands (cf.
Lazarus, 1993). A well-being should exert his or her best in thoughts and actions. In connection to
the study, it proves that academic pressure do really exist and deals impact to the students.
Theoretical Framework
Bandura’s Social Psychological
Theory of Learning Stress Theory
Perceptions of senior high students towards academic pressure
1. Observations
2. Other’s Insights
[Link] Mechanism
fig. 1. Theoretical Framework of Perceptions of senior high students towards academic pressure
3
Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this phenomenological study is to understand the perceptions on
Academic pressure of Senior High students at the University of Cebu Main Campus SY 2019-
2020.
This specifically answers the following questions:
1.) What are the other student’s observation about academic pressure?
2.) What are other student’s insights about academic pressure?
3.) What do they think is the best way to cope up academic pressure?
Significance of the Study
The findings of the study are focused on the views among Grade 11-12 students about
academic pressure.
The results of the study will be beneficial to the following:
Students get to widen their knowledge about academic pressure and given them
insight on how to lessen or manage the situation.
Parents will be given idea about the struggles that their children are facing and lay
the necessary support needed.
Teachers will benefit, in a way that it will allow them to also know the situation and
will be organized about the activities they are going to give in order to avoid conflict.
School administrators can enlighten the students about the real meaning of
Academic Pressure by providing seminars.
4
Scope and Delimitation
The focus of the study is to understand the perceptions on Academic Pressure and
identify its effects and how will it affect students of the University of Cebu Main Campus. The
aspects looked into where the causes of the problem.
The study is delimited only for the grade 11 and 12 senior high students of the
University of Cebu and may not be generalizable to the youth who no longer attend school.
Definition of Terms
Academic Pressure – When the student is under heavy demands of time and energy to
meet academic goals.
Mental distress – is a term used, both by some mental health practitioners and users of
mental health services, to describe a range of symptoms and experience of a person’s internal life
that are commonly held to be troubling, confusing or out of the ordinary.
Policymakers – is someone who creates ideas and plans, especially those carried out
by a business or government.
Academic Challenge – A barrier in which student faced often in school such as
demands in work, time to study and maintaining a high degree of motivation.
Academic Counseling – is an assistance program that helps students acquire more
effective and efficient study skills.
5
Chapter 2
Reviews of Related Literature
This chapter attempts to present a brief resume of research findings related to
observations, insights and coping mechanisms of academic pressure.
Other observations of Academic Pressure:
Lesko and Summerfield (1989) found out the significant positive correlation between
the incidence of illness and number of exams and assignments such as being able to learn and
adapt hard situations in the future, While Lin and Chen (1995) found out the negative impact
of academic pressure on student’s intellectual, psychological and physical growth such as less
time to sleep and get frustrated when activities are not successfully complied. In addition,
Schafer (1996) observed that having a too little time, writing term papers, taking tests, plans,
and boring instructors was the most irritating daily hassles were usually school-related
stressors. Likewise, Peach (1991) observed the major stress or such as academic classwork,
relationship with the opposites ex, concern about grades, feelings about personal appearance,
pressures to succeed and achieve, test-taking, feelings about self-worth and personal respect,
peer acceptance, relationship with friends, and problems at school. Andal so Cheng (1999)
noted that stress from high expectation soft teachers, parents, and self is usually an agony for
students studying in schools.
Insights of Academic Pressure:
Academic Pressure are demands on academic concerns that the adolescents are facing
(Frydenberg, 1991). It is also the common problem among students because it causes stress due
6
to peer pressure, fear of failure and expectations from their parents in attaining higher grades and
having a major stressful life events, some are driven to depression (Kendler et al., 1995; Kessler,
1997). Salami (2001) pointed out that stress is a burden for students in schools that may be
reflected in their academic performance.
Coping style and Strategies:
Coping has two connotations in stress literature and it used to indicate of dealing with
stress or effort to harm and threat.(Park and Adler ,2003) Coping is to gain control to exceed
adaptive resources.(Lazaruz, Arnold 1997) Lazarus focus attention to the key role in coping
activities and the importance of coping purposes is the quality and intensity of emotional. While
According to Moos and Billings(1982), there are three main categories of coping strategies, first
is to change the way how we think. Second, Focus on the things that can be done right away.
Third, is to regulate the emotional condition in a potentially stressful events.
KJ Reddy (2018), conducted a study about academic stress and its sources among
university students. The study revealed that it is important to understand the sources of stress in
order to facilitate the development of effective counselling modules and interventions.
To sum up, academic pressure can be really tough to students but to cop up with this,
students need to realize that he answer to their problem is their hand. They here to save things
positivity, it’s hard but only you can help yourself from charity towards the pressure ground.
Think every challenges that come is a way for you to be ready in the real world. Take it in order
to make you stronger and accept it with open arms.
7
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Phenomenological Research Phenomenology is an approach to qualitative research that focuses
on the commonality of a lived experience within a particular group. The fundamental goal of the approach
is to arrive at a description of the nature of the particular phenomenon (Creswell, 2013). This is a
qualitative study that made use of phenomenological research about perception of senior high students
towards academic pressure. The design is selected because the researchers wanted to know about their
different perception towards academic pressure.
Research Locale
This study was conducted at University of Cebu Senior High School Department which is located
in J. Alcantarast.,Sambag 1, Urgello Cebu City. University of Cebu is an educational institution in Cebu
City, Philippines founded in 1964 offering preschool, grade school, junior & senior high school,
undergraduate degrees, and post-graduate degrees. It currently has four campuses.
Research Participants
The researchers chose the Grade 11 students of Senior High School students in University of
Cebu Pri Campus both in morning and afternoon session as the informants of this study. The informants
of the survey will be 6-10 students.(There is no any criteria in selecting the informants.)
8
Research Instrument
In the process of interview, the researchers used interview guides to gather relevant data from the
informants. The researchers also used pens and a clean sheet of paper for jotting down the information as
well as recording it with the use of a recorder for original documentation purposes.
Data Gathering Procedure
Before gathering the data, a letter of approval was first sent to the principal and the informants in
order to properly conduct the study within the locale. When approved, the researchers will then contact
their chosen participant. The informants were interviewed with the help of the interview guide. Each
personal information of the respondents we’re kept confidentiality for their privacy.
Data Analysis
After gathering the data, it was then read and reviewed by the researches and the significant statements of
each transcript was extracted .The significant elements was sorted and formulated into categories and
themes.
9
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents, analyzes, and interprets the data gathered from the informants in the
University of Cebu – Main Campus, Senior High School Department.
Students’ observation towards academic pressure
I. Health problems
A. Forcing self
B. Sleep deprived
C. Uncared nutrition
D. Depression
II. Suicidal attempt
A. Suicidal thoughts
III. Burdened tasks
A. Conflict schedules
B. Loaded works
C. Approaching deadlines
Others students’ insights towards academic pressure
IV. Uncomfortable feelings
A. Uncontented
B. Overacting
V. Overloaded works
A. Piled works
VI. Psychological effect
10
A. Anxiety
B. Depression
Coping Mechanisms towards academic pressure
VII. Healthy environment
A. Right companions
B. Supporting family
VIII. Strategies
A. Narrowing task
B. Time management
C. Set plan
IX. Motivation
A. Optimism
The researchers were able to extract 9 themes from the data gathered. The themes are (1) Health
problems, (2) Suicidal attempt, (3) Burdened task, (4) Uncomfortable feelings (5) Overloaded
works, (6) Psychological effect, (7) Healthy environment, (8) Strategies (9) Motivation. Each
theme is supported by 1-2 statements and is evident by the 4 informants of the study.
Presentation of Themes
I. Health problem
Health problem or health issue occurs when the normal metabolism of the body failed which
considered as disease. Health care is one of the most important components in your life. Disease
or illness can really mean a down turn in your life. The biggest asset we can have in life therefore
is health no doubt, Health is wealth!(Shaw, 2019).
11
A. Forcing Self
Many of us are looking for a change in the fastest pace as it could be ,one if it is to force oneself
to do an action even if it is at it’s limits.
“”Sa katung mga honors kay kanang murag murag gi push nila ilang
kaugalingon gani to be, to be something” (Informant 1, Line 7-8)
B. Sleep deprived
Sleep deprivation is common among university students, and has been associated with poor
academic performance and physical dysfunction. However, current literature has a narrow focus
in regard to domains tested.(Patrick, 2017).
”Kay usahay dugay ka matug kay maghimo ka sa imong assignments kay
para makakuha kag good grades”(Informant 1, Line 15-16)
C. Uncared nutrition
Nutrition studies often claim that a specific food or diet will cause or prevent a certain disease.
Though they receive a lot of publicity, their conclusions and results must not be taken for granted
and must be scrutinized. Nutrition studies often employ methodologies that lead to inaccurate
responses and involve confounding variables which complicate results (Livingstone & Black,
2003)
”Sa imong pagkaon, eating usahay dli naka mukaon kay murag ipaliban
nimo ang kaon kay maghimo kas project”(Informant 1, Line 16-17)
D. Depression
Depression is a largely seen by a general public and mainstream media as neurophychriatic
illness (Wingert & Kantrowitz, 2002).
”Maka experience ana kay ma depressed kanang after ana depression like
mag suicide attempt” (Informant 2, Line 7-8)
12
II. Suicidal attempt
Suicidal attempts are common, and many people experienced it when they are stressed or depressed.
Suicide attempts are caused by temporary problems and therefore tragic mistake. (Kirkus,1999).
A. Suicidal thoughts
The mental condition and the genetic behavior are the basis of getting provoked in doing
[Link] controversial questions surrounding suicide are philosophical ( Jamison, 2000).
“ Naka experience ana academic pressure na ma think sa into suicide
attempt”(Informant 2, Line 9)
III. Burdened Task
Burdened task are load of task and many work to be done or undertaken that is not included in
the priorities. In this study, we examine dirty work from a less-studied but theoretically
intriguing perspective. Instead of taking an occupational perspective to dirty work, we take a
dirty task perspective. Namely, jobs are composed of many tasks. Depending on the occupation,
some of the tasks comprising it may be dirty while other tasks carry no such stigma (Kreiner et
al., 2006).
A. Conflict schedules
Many have been experiencing it because some jobs and activities are needed to be done on the
same time .(Stone, 2006 ).
“”From the word na pressure, na pressure jud ta pressure ta kay sa mga
schedules”(Informant 3, Line 7).
13
B. Loaded works
According to Vardi (2008), an increase of workload would have resulted working long hours and
expressing dissatisfaction for the workers.
“”Ang activities sa school especially diri sa UC kay murag taga adlaw naay
PT at the same time naa siyay activities and considering naay mga
answeranan” (Informant 3, Line 8-9).
C. Approaching deadlines
Poorly endowed organizations approaching deadlines may therefore be more aggressive in their
orientations and efforts to change or acquire additional resources (Gersick, 1991; Tushman &
Romanelli, 1985).
“Kuan na observe nako kay kanang murag sa kadaghan gani kanang
deadlines ang uban na mga buhatunon dili mapass” (Informant 4, Line 6-7)
IV. Uncomfortable feelings
Being uncomfortable is a feeling where you can't calm down or you can't be at ease. You are not
relaxed like when you're irritated with somebody or something. Uncomfortable interactions are
those that cause a degree of suffering to the user. This may be physical suffering such as physical
stress, tiredness or pain, but might also involve mental suffering duento fear and anxiety, either
experienced directly or empathetically on behalf of others. (Steve Benford, Chris Greenhalgh,
Gabriella Giannachi', Brendan Walker², Joe Marshall, Tom Rodden, 2012)
A. Uncontented
Uncontented is to bent against interest and duty without fully having satisfaction of the results
(Bathurst, 1675).
“”I got low grades and then sila na 'Ah kadako na ana' like something ana
but deep within dili pako like satisfied”(Informant 1, Line 24)
14
B. Overacting
Overacting are exaggerated feelings or actions that are distractive to others (Jean Schiffman,
2011).
“”Murag OA kuno kay lagi ga apas kuno sila sa grado kay kanang murag
gai ilang paglantaw kay grades ra " (Informant 2, Line 11-12).
V. Overloaded works
Overloaded work is a major problem and almost every organizations are suffering from this. And
it increases in working hours and pressure from supervisor or teacher to achieve or to accomplish
their goals( Darwish, 2000).
A. Piled works
Piled Works, many students experience this because of tons of schoolworks, some students may
have some lack of sleep because of homeworks and projects and if we do not do our homeworks
we will fall behind or having a bad grades. For those students who were lagging behind they
might not easy for them to have a tons of schoolworks, they will feel pressured also stress. And
for those gifted students, for them this is easy and relaxed for them to learn, they don’t feel
pressured. (Darwish, 2000)
“”Kanang umh siguro pagtan aw nila kay ang academic pressure kay
kanang mga piled up nila na mga activites kanang mga pt” (Informant 3,
Line 15-16).
VI. Psychological effect
Psychological effect is the effect in which caused by problems that involves our mental
[Link] psychological effect such as bad feelings, fear, as well as moderate to high level
of anxiety occurs when a person is in a pulsive situation(Primo et al. 2000).
15
A. Anxiety
Anxiety is a normal reaction to certain situations. A small level of anxiety is normal, but severe
anxiety can be a serious problem. Academic anxiety can become more detrimental over time. As
a student’s academic performance suffers, the anxiety level related to certain academic tasks
increases (Huberty, 2012). Most teachers will have students with social anxiety and/or academic
anxiety. Social anxiety can also affect a student’s academic performance. If a student has social
anxiety, the student might not be able to complete group tasks or might not feel comfortable
asking for help in class. Social anxiety can go along with or even lead to academic anxiety.
Teaching students self-regulation can reduce anxiety and increase academic performance (Ader
& Erktin, 2010).
“”Kuan feel nako ila pagtan aw man feel nako makahatag na nila og
anxiety”” (Informant 4, Line 10).
B. Depression
Depression is one of the most widespread diseases across the world and a major factor in
problems of mental health (Sarokhani et al., 2013). The issue of students’ mental health is a
global problem that covers all developed and non-developed societies, both modern and
traditional (Bayram & Bilgel, 2008). During their academic life young people face many
contradictions and obligations to succeed, especially at university (Arslan, Ayranci, Unsal &
Arslants, 2009). Also, university students should make the efforts to embrace new experiences
and changes in social aspects, and in behavioural, emotional, academic and economic situations
(Ginwright & James, 2002).
“”Mga depression kay kanang tungod sa kadaghan huna hunaon ba”
(Informant 4, Line 11)
16
VII. Healthy environment
There are many ways to define a healthy environment. as it relates to health, as all the physical,
chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related [Link], Sallis,
Kerr, Lee andRosenberg (2011) found evidence connecting characteristicsof the neighborhood
environment with the level of physical activity among children and adolescents.
A. Right companions
The relationship we have with our friends can affect our health and overall happiness(Chopikk,
2017)
“”For me the best way to cope with academic pressure is ano to stay close
with the people who make you feel kanang dili naka kinahanglan magpaka
arong ingnon” (Informant 1, Line 30-31).
B. Supportive family
Family relationships may become even more important to well-being as individuals age, needs
for caregiving increase, and social ties in other domains such as the workplace become less
central in their lives (Milkie, Bierman, & Schieman, 2008). In this review, we consider key
family relationships in adulthood marital, parent–child, grandparent, and sibling relationships—
and their impact on well-being across the adult life course.
"So dapat ang family mo sabot gyud na kung ma unsa ra jyud makaya sa
iyang anak mao ra gyud na” (Informant 2, Line 22-23).
VIII. Strategies
Strategy is an action that managers take to attain one or more of the organization’s goals.
Strategy can also be defined as “A general direction set for the company and its various
components to achieve a desired state in the future. Strategy results from the detailed strategic
planning process(Mintzberg, 2005).
17
A. Narrowing task
Narrowing tasks refers to the allocation of attention to a particular channel of information,
diagnostic hypothesis, or task goal, for a duration that is longer than optimal, given the expected
cost of neglecting events on other channels(Wickens, 2005).
"Kanang makaya ra nimo kay students are students” (Informant 1, Line 32)
B. Time management
Time cannot be 'managed' in the same way that other resource can: human, physical, capital,
information. Time is a resource that must be used the instant it is received. Time cannot be
saved, you cannot get more of it and it cannot be replaced. Wasted time is time gone forever.
Time must be used at the same rate of 60 seconds per minute, 60 minutes per hour, 24 hours a
day and so on. Although philosophers and physicists may disagree, for most academics time is a
finite resource. We cannot 'manage' time. What we can do is to learn to manage ourselves and
other resources in relation to time. It is my hope that this brief paper can make a contribution to
the development of satisfactory approaches to using time to improve the quality of academic life
in the very broadest sense. If we accept Craig Mcinnes' assertion that "self-regulation in daily
work practices stands out - regardless of teaching or research orientation - as the most distinctive
feature of academic work" (Mcinnes, 1992, p.10) then the better we are at the skills of self-
regulation the better our academic lives may be. , Robert, 'Time Management': a review of issues
and strategies for academic staff. Bryson, John M. (John Moore), 1947-. Strategic Planning for
Public and Nonprofit Organizations : a Guide to Strengthening and Sustaining Organizational
Achievement. San Francisco (Bass, 2011.
"Mohimo kag time table sa mga buto buhatonon sa mga activties ,mga pt's”
(Informant 3, Line 19)
18
C. Set plan
Goal setting is an integral part of the organizational behavior that involves the development of
strategies in order to motivate employees within the organization and help in attainment of long-
term goals. Vigoda-Gadot and Angert (2007) suggested that appropriate goal setting is important
in an organization because it provides focus, increases motivation, improves group cohesion and
help in performance measurability.
"Human sa klase kay magplano human plano kay andamon gai sa mga gamit
kundi answeranan” (Informant 3, Line 21)
IX. Motivation
Motivation is to have a sense of achievement or accomplishment . Motivation is a derived from
the word 'motive' which means needs, desires, wants or drives within the individuals. A
motivation is what prompts a person to act in a certain way or least develop an inclination for
specific behaivor(Kast and Rosenzweig 1985, 296), "Motivation can be define as those forces
within an individual that push or propel him to satisfy basic needs or wants” (Yorks, 1976)..
A. Optimism
Having a confidence about the future as expecting the best possible outcome from any given
situation is better. Also it can recover disappointment has positive thoughts. Scheier and
Carver(1985), express Optimism as the propensity of an individual to look after the outcome
even if the problems are [Link] individual believes that the end result will be good
and pessimistic person believes that end result will not be good for them.
"Dili maghuna huna na lisod, huna hunaon nila na makaya ra nila ing ana ra
think positive” (Informant 4, Line 13-14)
19
Chapter V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study.
Summary of Findings
Based on the presented and gathered data, the researchers found out the observations of
senior higj students towards academic pressure, as well as what could be the other's insights and
coping mechanism.
Most of the student's observations about academic pressure is that it gives negative
effects in many aspects such as in our mental and physical state. Experiencing anxiety, being
sleep deprived and not having a good and balance diet are some of its examples. They have also
observed that students are more pressured because of the needs of fulfilling the loaded works in
the target deadline.
The others' insights about academic pressure base on the viewpoint of the informants are most likely to be
the same as what they are thinking, that it can really bring negative effects to the students. On the other
hand, some also thinks that academic pressure is the feeling of being unsatisfied to the grades received.
Students thought of coping this up by setting an optimistic mindset that will start looking
up to the good side of each tasks. In addition is to manage the time in every actions as well as to
plan what to do next.
Conclusion
Base on the findings, the study revealed that there are many negative interpretations
about academic pressure such as some thinks that it would affect our physical state because of
being sleep deprived or not having a right nutrition. Some also thinks that the mental state of a
person will also be affected just as being stressed or depressed. Others think that it is generally
caused by workloads and fast approaching deadlines. Putting themselves in the situation of those
20
who have experienced narrows the idea of how tiring and difficult it is to be academically
pressured because of the expectations needed to be complied.
Recommendation
Base on the findings and the conclusion of the study the researchers recommended:
*Parents may give reminders to their children not to push themselves
*Students can make use of the time wisely in order to avoid problems
*Future researchers may have a head a head start on their future studies that centers with the
perceptions of the academic pressure. They may use this study as a guide or basis for future
research and may improve this study.
21
References:
1.)Ashforth BE and Kreiner GE (1999) ‘How can you do it?’: Dirty work and the challenge of
constructing a positive identity. Academy of Management Review 24(3): 413–434
2.)Billings and Moos, (1982). The measurement of coping responses, the Billings and Moos
Coping Checklist school of Psychology. retreived from:
[Link]
%20responses%2C%20the%20Billings%20and%20Moos%20Coping
%20Checklist&publication_year=1982&author=Billings&author=Moos
3.) Bryson John M. (1947) a guide to strengthening and sustaining organization achievement.
San Francisco :Jossey Bass, 2011
4.) Cheng, C. S. (1999). Life stress of and guidance for adolescents. Taipei: Psychological
Publishing Co., Ltd.
5.) Chopik, W. J. (2017). Associations among relational values, support, health, and well‐being
across the adult lifespan. Personal Relationships, 24(2), 408–422.
6.) Denenberg, R. V., & Braverman, M. (1999). The violence-prone workplace: A new approach
to dealing with hostile, threaten-ing, and uncivil behavior. 234 -235
7.) Dobson C. (2012). Academic Anxiety. Psychological Problems, 12(9), 154 - 160
8.) Faeq. D.(2016) . Depression among students: Critical review Working Paper,
DOI:)13140/RG.2.2.21978.75205
9.) Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (1991). Adolescent coping: The different ways in which boys
and girls cope. Journal of Adolescence, 14(2), 119–133.
10.) Gunn, V. Bell, S and Kafmann. K (2010) Thinking strategically about employability and
graduate.10(4) pp 34 - 37
11.) Gersick, C. J. G. (1991). Revolutionary change theories: a multilevel exploration of the
punctuated equilibrium paradigm. Academy of Management Review, 16(1), pp. 10-36.
22
12.) Hershner SD, Chervin RD. (2014). Causes and consequences of sleepiness among college
students.;6:73–84.
13.) Horowitz J. (2019). An article about forcing self and trend of self-improvement.
14.) Jean Schiffman (2011) How to Avoid Overacting 13(2), pp 20-21
15.) Kantrowitz W.P.(2002). Young and depressed, pp.53-61
16.) Kesler, R. (1997). The effects of stressful life events on depression. Annual review of
psychology, 1(48), pp 191-214
17.) Krohne, H. W. (2001). Theories of stress. Retrieved from: [Link]
[Link]/schuez/folien/Krohne_Stress.pdf?fbclid=IwAR00QDI-
za1tTXhhHziqk4UR6RutlrtSdZK59BgPU7FeBxtUH9OqckYu2vk
18.) Lazarus, A. (1987)BernieMind Power: Getting What You Want Through Mental Training.
retreived from:
[Link]
%20You%20Want%20Through%20Mental
%20Training&publication_year=1987&author=Arnold%20A.
%20Lazarus&author=Zilbergeld&author=Bernie
19.) Lazarus, R. S. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions. Retrieved from:
[Link]
20.) Lesko, W.A. and L. Summer eld, (1989). Academic stress and health changes in emale
college students, Health Education, pp. 18-21.
21.) Lin, Jing and Chen, Qinghai (1995). Academic Pressure and Impact on Students
Development in China, MCGILL journal of Education, 2(30), pp.149-168.
22.) Livingstone, B., and Black,(2003). A Markers of the Validity of Reported Energy Intake,
Health Problems, pp 34 - 36
23.) Mcinnes (1992) Robert, 'Time Management': a review of issues and strategies for academic
staff, Overview - University of Wollongong Teaching & Learning Journal (p.10)
23
24.) Milkie M. A., Bierman A., & Schieman S. (2008). How adult children influence older
parents’ mental health: Integrating stress-process and life-course perspectives. Social
Psychology Quarterly, 71, 86. doi:10.1177/019027250807100109
25.) Oliveira A.M., Buchain P.C., Vizzotto A.D.B., Elkis H., Cordeiro Q. (2013) Psychologicall
Impact. In: Gellman M.D., Turner J.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer,
New York, NY
26.) Park and Adler, (2003)C.L. Park, N.E. AdlerCoping styles as a predictor of health and well-
being across the first year of medical school Health Psychology. retreived from:
[Link]
%20of%20health%20and%20well-being%20across%20the%20first%20year%20of%20medical
%20school&publication_year=2003&author=C.L.%20Park&author=N.E.%20Adler
27.) Peach, Larry (1991). A study concerning stress among high school students in selected rural
schools, paper presented at the Annual Education Conference, Cookeville, Tn (United States),
August 12, pp 1-12
28.) Rad Bathurst ( 1675) The Art of Contentment, pp. 200-210.
29.) Romanelli, E., & Tushman, M. L. (1994) Organizational transformation as punctuated
equilibrium: an empirical test. Academy of Management Journal, 37(5), pp. 1141 – 1166.
30.) Salami, S. (2001). US-China Education Review. Psychosocial predictors of adjustment
among first year college of education students, 2(8), 239-248
31.) Schafer, W. (1996), Stress management for wellness. Orlando: Harcourt Brace. 3(9) pp.23
32.) Stone, G. (1999). Suicide and Attempted Suicide. Retreived from:
[Link]
33.) (Steve Benford, Chris Greenhalgh, Gabriella Giannachi', Brendan Walker², Joe Marshall,
Tom Rodden, 2012) Uncomfortable interactions, 13(3), pp. 20-21
34.) Thakkar, A. (2018). Academic stress in students. Retreived from: [Link]
future/academic-stress-in-students-498c34f064d7.
24
35.) Tushman, M. L., Newman, W. H., & Romanelli, E. (1986). Convergence and upheaval:
managing the unsteady pace of organizational evolution. California Management Review, 29(1),
pp. 29-44.
36.) Wickens, C. D. (2005). Attentional tunneling and task management. Proceedings of the 13th
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 620–625).
37.) Yousef, D. A. (2000). The Islamic Work Ethics as a Mediator of the Relationship between
Locus of Control, Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity: A Study in an Islamic Country Setting.
Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15 (4), pp. 283-298.
25
PERSONAL DATA
Geromo, El Kenrick M.
A Gabuya st. Pardo, Cebu City
ken123geromo@[Link]
Mobile: 09150155099
Landline: 272-2937
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Date of birth: April 10,2003
Place of birth: Cebu City
Religion: Fundamental Baptist
Father’s name: Ricky A. Geromo
Occupation: School director
Mother’s name: Arlene M. Geromo
Occupation: Teacher
SKILLS
-None
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu-Main Senior High Department
June 2019-Present
J. Alcantara St.,Cebu City,Philippines
Junior High School
Abellana National School
Graduated April 2019
Elementary
26
Pardo Elementary School
Pardo, Cebu City
PERSONAL DATA
Geromo, El Kenrick M.
A Gabuya st. Pardo, Cebu City
ken123geromo@[Link]
Mobile: 09150155099
Landline: 272-2937
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Date of birth: April 10,2003
Place of birth: Cebu City
Religion: Fundamental Baptist
Father’s name: Ricky A. Geromo
Occupation: School director
Mother’s name: Arlene M. Geromo
Occupation: Teacher
SKILLS
-None
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu-Main Senior High Department
June 2019-Present
J. Alcantara St.,Cebu City,Philippines
Junior High School
Abellana National School
Graduated April 2019
Elementary
27
Pardo Elementary School
Pardo, Cebu City
PERSONAL DATA
Tricia Rodriguez
San Roque Talisay City, Cebu
Triciarodriguez220@[Link]
Mobile No#: 09953216970
Landline: NONE
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Date of Birth: September 24, 2001
Place of birth: Cebu City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Roland V. Deiparine
Occupation : OFW
Mother’s Name: Norma O. Rodriguez
Occupation : None
SKILLS
None
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu – Main Senior High School Department
June 2019-Present
J. Alcantara St., Cebu City, Philippines
Junior High School
Saint Paul College Foundation Inc.
Graduated April 2019
Elementary
28
San Roque Elementary School
Graduated
PERSONAL DATA
Bantolinao, Heil Nikki
Tabunok Talisay City, Cebu
[Link]@[Link]
Mobile No#: 09474172036
Landline: NONE
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Date of Birth: October 26, 2002
Place of birth: Cebu City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Nicanor L. Bantolinao
Occupation : Taxi Driver
Mother’s Name: Helen Parba
Occupation : House Wife
SKILLS
-Dancing
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu – Main Senior High School Department
June 2019-Present
J. Alcantara St., Cebu City, Philippines
Junior High School
Pardo National High School
Graduated March 2019
Elementary
29
Bulacao Community School
Graduated 2015
PERSONAL DATA
Bacus, Ronie Jay M.
Cansojong, Talisay City, Cebu
Chibihunter58@[Link]
Mobile: 09982719667
Landline: N/A
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Date of birth: October 23,2002
Place of birth: Cansojong, Talisay City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s name: Romulo Bacus
Occupation: Fisherman
Mother’s name: Evelyn M. Bacus
Occupation: Housewife
SKILLS
-Drawing
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu-Main Senior High Department
June 2019-Present
J. Alcantara St.,Cebu City,Philippines
Junior High School
Cansojong National High School
Graduated April 2019
Elementary
30
Borromeo Brothers Elementary School
Pardo, Cebu City
PERSONAL DATA
Rosal, Zet Cyrus
12-c abellana st. [Link] Cebu City
Zetcyrus@[Link]
Mobile:09159052289
Landline:none
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Date of birth: September 22,2002
Place of birth: Cebu City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s name: Lee Montecillo
Occupation: none
Mother’s name: Rosalyn Rosal
Occupation: BHW
SKILLS
-None
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu -Main Senior High Department
June 2019- Present
[Link] st. Cebu City,Philippines
Junior High School
[Link] National High School
Graduated April 2019
Elementary
31
[Link] Elementary School
Archbishop reyes avenue,Cebu City
PERSONAL DATA
Ralph Allen M. Bascon
Base ST. Atisan, Cansojong, Talisay City, Cebu
ralphbascon@[Link]
Mobile No#: 09562947800
Landline: NONE
PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: November 16, 2002
Place of birth: Cebu City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Arnold Bascon
Occupation : Banker
Mother’s Name: Rowena Bascon
Occupation : Office Clerk
SKILLS
Dancing
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu – Main Senior High School Department
June 2019-Present
J. Alcantara St., Cebu City, Philippines
Junior High School
Cansojong National Highschool
Graduated April 2019
Elementary
32
Borromeo Brothers Elementary School
Graduated March 2015
PERSONAL DATA
Duff Dexter v. Noval
538-B Greenside St. Hipdromo Cebu City
duffdexternoval@[Link]
Mobile No#: 09260015326
Landline:2667434
PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: April 8, 2003
Place of birth: Cebu City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Dexter O. Noval
Occupation : Fireman
Mother’s Name: Deogracias V. Noval
Occupation : None
SKILLS
None
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu – Main Senior High School Department
June 2019-Present
J. Alcantara St., Cebu City, Philippines
Junior High School
[Link] College Foundation Inc.
Graduated April 2019
Elementary
33
Hipodromo Elementary School
Graduated March 2015