FLUID MECHANICS 2018

PRACTIVE PROBLEMS
PREPARED BY: ENGR. DEAN DOMENIQUE E. CLIDORO
If the specific gravity of a fluid is 1.80 determine the following:

PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS 13. The unit weight of the fluid

14. The density of the fluid
Sit # 1 15. The maximum volume to which it may occupy if the mass if 500 grams.
The mass of tetrachloride is 500 kg with a total volume of 0.315 m3 PRESSURES
1. Which of the following gives the total weight in KN? Sit # 6
2. What is the unit weight of the fluid?
3. What is the specific gravity of the fluid? A fluid occupies a height of 6 m in a tank. A gage placed at the bottom of the tank reads a
gage pressure of 100 kpa.
Sit # 2
16. What is the total absolute pressure acting at the bottom of the tank?
The pressure below a liquid is 631.764 Kpa. 17. If the gage was a mercury barometer what is the gage pressure at the bottom of the
4. Which of the following most nearly gives the unit weight of the liquid? tank?
5. Which of the following most nearly gives the mass density of the liquid? 18. What is the equivalent height of the 100 kpa pressure in mm of mercury?
6. What is the specific gravity of the liquid? Sit # 7
Sit # 3 A tank 2 m in diameter and 3 m in height was filled with water to its rim.
A tetrachloride whose unit weight is 9.878 KN/cum occupies a volume of 0.50 cum. 19. What is the gage pressure acting on the bottom of the tan?
7. Determine the weight of the fluid in kg. 20. What is the absolute pressure acting on the bottom of the tank?
8. Determine the density of the fluid. 21. What is the equivalent height of the fluid in mm of mercury?
9. Determine the specific gravity of the fluid. Sit # 8
Sit # 4 A tank 2m in diameter and 3 m high contains four fluids namely, water, gasoline(1.08),
A triangular container with one side 6 cm has an opposite angle of 30 degrees. If the seawater(1.3) and mercury(13.6). The fluid occupies 2m,1m, 2m, and 1m respectively.
perimeter of the triangular base is 12 cm and the total height of the container is 12 cm, 22. Determine the total gage pressure acting on the water – gasoline interface.
determine the following: 23. Determine the total pressure acting on the gasoline – seawater interface. (Hint:
10. The unit weight of a fluid placed in the container if the mass is 100 grams. Absolute pressure)
11. The height to which the container may be filled if the pressure at the bottom of the 24. Determine the total pressure acting on the bottom of the tank.
container is 50 pa and the mass is 100 grams. 25. Determine the equivalent height of the fluids in m of water.
12. The specific gravity of the fluid if the mass is 100 grams.

Sit # 5 Sit # 9
FLUID MECHANICS 2018
PRACTIVE PROBLEMS
PREPARED BY: ENGR. DEAN DOMENIQUE E. CLIDORO
The atmospheric pressure is 101.30 Kpa and the absolute pressure at the bottom of the tank is A tank 7 m high contains water (3m) and oil (4 m, S = 0.89). A mercury manometer was
231.30 Kpa. The tank contains four fluids, oil (0.89), water(1), olive oil, and mercury ( 13.6). placed at the bottom of the tank and a piezometer on one side at the bottom of the tank.
The fluids occupy 1.5 m, 2.5m, 2.9 m and 0.4 m respectively.
37. Determine the height of the height of water in the piezometer.
26. Determine the specific gravity of the olive oil. 38. Determine the deflection of mercury in the manometer.
27. Determine the gage pressure at the interface of the olive oil and mercury.
28. Determine the absolute pressure at the interface of the olive oil and mercury. TOTAL HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (FLAT SURFACE)

Sit # 10 Sit # 14

A rectangular tank 1.20 x 2 m is inclined about the 2m side by 30 degrees from the vertical. It A rectangular plate 2 m x 5 m x 12 mm is vertically submerged in water such that the top of
contains water at a depth of 2.5 m and mercury 1 m. the plate just touches the surface of the liquid.

29. Determine the gage pressure at the mercury water interface. 39. Determine the maximum pressure acting on one side of the tank.
30. Determine the absolute pressure at the bottom of the tank. 40. Determine the hydrostatic force acting on one side of the tank.
31. Determine the pressure at a height 3 m from the top surface of the water. 41. Determine the eccentricity of the hydrostatic force acting on one side of the tank.
32. Determine the absolute pressure 2 m below the top surface of the water. Sit # 15
MANOMETER A triangular plate 2 m wide and 3m high is vertically submerged in water. The apex is above
Sit # 11 the base and is 2m below the surface of water.

To determine the pressure in a 50 mm diameter pipe, a manometer was connected at the 42. Determine the location of the center of pressure.
bottom and a mercury was placed in the tube. The mercury when measured occupies a height 43. Determine the eccentricity of the hydrostatic pressure
of 20 mm from the water – mercury interface. 44. Determine the total hydrostatic pressure acting on one side of the tank.

33. Determine the pressure inside the pipe. Sit # 16

34. If the pipe is 100 mm in diameter determine the pressure in the pipe. A rectangular plate 2 m wide is vertically submerged to a depth of 2m from its top. The
Sit # 12 eccentricity of the hydrostatic force is 10 cm.

Two pipes were observed and pipe A at elevation 50 cm was found out to have a pressure of 45. Determine the height of the plate.
120 Kpa and contains water. The other pipe located at 30 cm contains another type fluid ( s = 46. Determine the location of the center of pressure.
1.5). The water on one leg of the u tube connected to each pipe is 20 cm from the center of 47. Determine the total hydrostatic pressure acting on one side of the tank.
pipe A.

35. Determine the pressure on pipe B. Sit # 17

36. Determine the thickness of pipe B if the maximum stress of the pipe is limited to 40
Mpa. An inverted triangular plate 2m wide is vertically immersed in water to a depth of 3 m from
its base. The eccentricity of the plate is 8 cm.
Sit # 13
FLUID MECHANICS 2018
PRACTIVE PROBLEMS
PREPARED BY: ENGR. DEAN DOMENIQUE E. CLIDORO
48. Determine the location of the center of pressure. 61. Determine the horizontal component of the total hydrostatic pressure acting on the
49. Determine the total hydrostatic pressure on one side of the plate. gate.
50. Determine the height of the plate. 62. Determine the resultant(Total hydrostatic pressure ) acting on the gatae.
63. Determine the location of the resultant’s intersection from the horizontal.
Sit # 18
Sit # 22
A rectangular plate 2 m x 3 m is immersed in water at an angle of 30 degrees from the
horizontal. Its top is 2 m below the water surface. A rectangular gate 1.5 m x 2 m is placed at the bottom of a tank to control water flow. It is
inclined by 20 degrees from the horizontal and the water in the tank is 5 m high.
51. Determine the total hydrostatic pressure.
52. Determine the eccentricity of the hydrostatic pressure. 64. Determine the vertical component of the hydrostatic force acting on the gate
53. Determine the location of the center of pressure. 65. Determine the total hydrostatic force acting on the gate.
66. Determine the force needed at the bottom side of the gate if the gate’s top is hinge to
Sit # 19 keep it closed.
A rectangular plate 2 m wide is immersed in water at an angle of 30 degrees from the Sit # 23
horizontal and its top is 3 m below the water surface. If the eccentricity of the hydrostatic
force is 5 cm, Determine the following: A vat full of oil ( s = 0.80) is in the shape of a frustum of a cone 2m in diameter at the top ,
4m in diameter at the bottom , and 3 m high. The vat is provided with two hoops on at the top
54. The height of the plate. and one at the bottom.
55. Location of the center of gravity of the plate.
56. Location of the hydrostatic force. 67. Determine the hydrostatic force acting on one side of the vat.
68. Determine the distance of the hydrostatic force from the top of the vat.
Sit # 20 69. Determine the force at the bottom hoop.
A circular plate 2 m in diameter is vertically submerged in water to a depth of 5 m from its
bottom.

57. Determine the total hydrostatic force acing on the plate.

58. Determine the eccentricity of the plate.
59. Determine the location of the center of pressure.

HYDRAULIC DAMS
Sit # 21
Sit # 24
A circular gate 2m in diameter was constructed at the bottom of a dam. Its top side is hinge on
the dam and the other side is touching the bottom of the canal bed. The water on one side of A concrete dam retaining water is shown. The unit weight of the concrete is 23.5 KN/cum.
the dam is 14 m high. Assume there is a hydrostatic uplift that varies uniformly from full hydrostatic head at the
heel of the dam to zero at the toe. The coefficient of friction between the dam and the soil
60. Determine the vertical component of the total hydrostatic pressure acting on the gate. foundation is 0.45.
FLUID MECHANICS 2018
PRACTIVE PROBLEMS
PREPARED BY: ENGR. DEAN DOMENIQUE E. CLIDORO
70. Determine the factor of safety against sliding. Sit # 26
71. Determine the factor of safety against overturning
72. Determine the intensity of pressure acting at the heel of the dam. If in sit # 25 the dams vertical component of force has an eccentricity of 2.5 m, determine the
following:
Sit # 25
76. Maximum pressure acting on the heel of the dam.
A dam subjected to hydrostatic forces (per meter width of dam) as shown. The total weight is 77. Minimum pressure acting on the toe of the dam.
located 5 m from the left side of the dam.
BOUYANCY

Sit # 27

A stone weighs 468 N in air, when submerged in water it weighs 298 N.

78. Which of the following most nearly gives the volume of the stone?
79. Determine the unit weight of the stone.
80. Determine the specific gravity of the stone.

73. Determine the soil pressure at the toe of the dam.

Sit # 28
74. Determine the soil pressure at the heel of the dam
75. Determine the factor of safety against sliding. A rectangular box 50 cm x 60 cm floats in water with its length vertically submerged. The
box weighs 800 kg.
When e > B/6 of the dam, then the vertical component of the force in the dam( Ry ) is located
outside the middle third thus it conforms to the following: 81. Determine the draft of the box.
82. Determine the height of the box if the unit weight of the box is 8 KN/cum
83. Determine the specific gravity of the box.
2N
Pmax= Sit # 29
3z
A rectangular box with square base 20 cm square when placed in water floats 13 cm and 14
2N cm when placed in oil ( 0.89).
Pmin=
B−3 z
84. Determine the total height of the block.
85. Determine the weight of the block.
86. Determine the specific gravity of the block.

Sit # 30

From the figure, the gate is 1m wide and hinged at the bottom of the [Link] = 23.4 KN/cum.
FLUID MECHANICS 2018
PRACTIVE PROBLEMS
PREPARED BY: ENGR. DEAN DOMENIQUE E. CLIDORO
87. Determine the total hydrostatic force acting on the gate Sit # 34
88. Determine the distance of the hydrostatic force from the hinge
89. Determine the minimum volume of the block to keep the gate closed. A scow weighing 160 short tons, is 60 ft long, 25 ft wide and 12 ft deep. It has a sloping ends
and vertical sides. If this scow floats in water. Determine the following:

99. Draft of the scow.

Sit # 31 [Link] the scow floats in ice water ( 1.08), determine the draft of the scow.
[Link] the center of gravity of the scow is 8 ft above the bottom, determine the initial
A cylindrical tank 1 m in diameter and 3m tall is open at the top. metacentric height of the scow.
90. If the tank floats in water with a draft of 2.1 m what is the weight of the tank.
91. If the a lead (y = 110 KN/cum) was placed outside the bottom of the tank, what is the

Sit # 35

A barge having the cross section shown, has its vertical sides near the water line. It weighs 21
tons and draws 3ft in salt water ( Y = 64 pcf ).After unloading its cargo of 1000 board feet of
lumber, the draft is reduced to 2.1 ft. Assume lumbers weight is 4 lbs/board-ft
volume of the lead to make the tank flushed with the bottom. [Link] the draft of the barge in fresh water.
92. If the lead was placed inside to make the tank flushed with the water surface, what is [Link] the additional draft in fresh water.
the volume of the lead. [Link] the volume submerged.
Sit # 32 Sit # 36
A rock weighs 500 N in air and 350 N in liquid having a specific gravity of 0.86. A rectangular scow 30 ft wide. 55 ft long and 14 ft tall has a draft of 9 ft in sea water. Its
center of gravity if 11 ft above the bottom of the scow.
93. Determine the volume of the rock
94. Determine the unit weight of the rock [Link] the initial metacentric height
95. Determine the specific gravity of the rock. [Link] the righting or overturning moment if it list on one side just on the water
surface.
Sit # 33
[Link] the righting or overturning moment if it list by 1 ft on the wedge of
An object whose specific gravity is 0.68 floats in water. immersion.

96. What is the ratio of the volume submerged to the total volume. Sit # 37
97. Determine the volume of the object if the volume exposed above the water is 0.36
A wooden barge of rectangular cross section is 24 ft wide, 13 ft high and 48 ft long. It is
cum.
transporting in sea water ( Y = 64 pcf ) a total load W = 200 tons including its own weight
98. Determine the weight of the object.
and cargo. If the weight of 7.5 tons was shifted 6 ft to one side, it will cause the barge to go
STABILITY OF FLOATING BODIES down by 1.1 ft in the corresponding wedge of immersion and on the other wedge.
FLUID MECHANICS 2018
PRACTIVE PROBLEMS
PREPARED BY: ENGR. DEAN DOMENIQUE E. CLIDORO
[Link] the initial draft of the barge. [Link] the maximum acceleration without spilling the water.
[Link] the angle of list of the barge. [Link] the force acting on one side of the tank.
[Link] the location of the center of gravity from the liquid surface. [Link] the maximum pressure on the tank.

For a given angle of list or tilt, or if the angle of list or tilt ma be computed then the
formula below may be used to compute for the “MB”.
Sit # 41
2 2
b tan ∅
MB=
12 D (
1+
2 ) A cylindrical tank mounted on a truck is 3 m in diameter and 5 m long. The tank is tightly
closed so that no water will spill.

Where 119. If the tank contains water ¾ of its diameter, determine the maximum acceleration to
which the water will just touch the top of the side of the tank.
D – draft [Link] the maximum pressure on one side of the tank if the tank is accelerated 4
m/sec^2 .
∅ - angle of list/tilt
121. Determine the maximum hydrostatic force if the tank is accelerated 4 m/sec^2 .
b - base
Sit # 42

A half cylindrical tank open at the top is 3 m high and 5 m long and is filled with water to a
Sit # 38 depth of 2 m.

[Link] the same problem in sit # 37, determine the distance of the center of gravity [Link] the maximum acceleration to which the tank may be moved without
from the surface of the water using the formula above. spilling the water.
(Hint: The answers should be the same) 123. Determine the maximum hydrostatic force acting on one side of the tank with out
spilling the water.
HORIZONTAL TRANSLATION (LEVELED SURFACE ) 124. Determine the minimum hydrostatic force acting on one side of the tank without
spilling the water.
Sit # 39
Sit # 43
An open tank mounted on a truck 5m long , 2m wide and 2.5 high is filled with water to a
height of 1.8 m. A truck moving up in a 10 deg inclined carries a tank as shown.
[Link] the maximum horizontal acceleration without spilling the water.
[Link] the maximum force acting on one side of the tank.
[Link] the minimum force acting on once side of the tank.
[Link] the tank was accelerated 3 m/s^2 determine the volume spilled.

Sit # 40

A open tank 6 m long, 1.5 m wide and 2m high if filled with water to a depth of 0.8 m.
FLUID MECHANICS 2018
PRACTIVE PROBLEMS
PREPARED BY: ENGR. DEAN DOMENIQUE E. CLIDORO

125. Determine the maximum acceleration of the truck so that no water will spill if the VERTICAL TRANSLATION
top is open and he tank is 2m wide.
126. Determine the maximum acceleration without spilling the water if the tank is open Sit # 45
at the top and is 3 m wide. An unbalanced vertical force of 270 N accelerates upward a volume of 0.50 cum of water in a
127. Determine the maximum hydrostatic force acting on one side of the tank if the cylindrical tank. The water is 0.90 m deep.
acceleration is increased by 3 m/sec^2.
128. Determine the maximum hydrostatic force on one side of the tank if the tank [Link] the acceleration of the tank.
accelerates by 8 m/sec^2. [Link] the pressure at the bottom of the tank.
[Link] the force acting at the bottom of the tank.
Sit # 44
Sit # 46
A truck shown is moving down a 30 deg inclined. The truck is 3 m wide.
A cylindrical tank 3ft in diameter and 5 ft high is three fifths full of water. If the tank is move
vertically, determine the following:

135. The force at the bottom of the tank if the tank is move by 4 m/ sec^2 upwards.
136. The force at the bottom if it is move by 6 m/sec^2 downwards.

Sit # 47

A tank whose base is in the shape of a Lincoln carries water to a depth of 3 m.

[Link] the pressure at the bottom if the tank is accelerating 3 m/sec^2 upwards.
138. Determine the pressure at the bottom if the tank is accelerating 5 [Link]^2
downwards.
129. Determine the minimum acceleration of the truck to make the water to just touch the Sit # 48
top of the tank.(Open top)
130. Determine the minimum acceleration so that the there’s a spill of 1 cum of water. A cylindrical tank 2 m in diameter is filled with water. The tank is 8 mm thick and the
131. If the truck is moving at an acceleration of 10 m/sec^2 determine the volume spilled. maximum longitudinal stress is limited to 100 Mpa. The tanks accelerates up.

139. Determine the force acting at the bottom of the tank if it accelerates by 5 m/sec^2.
140. If it accelerates by 5 m /sec^2 what is the stress in the walls of the tank, will it burst?
141. Determine the maximum acceleration of the tank so that it does not exceed the
limiting stress.

Sit # 49
FLUID MECHANICS 2018
PRACTIVE PROBLEMS
PREPARED BY: ENGR. DEAN DOMENIQUE E. CLIDORO
A closed cylindrical tank 2m wide and 4m high is filled with water to depth of 2/3 of its Sit # 53
height.
A conical vessel, with vertical axis and sides sloping at 45 degrees from the vertical is ¾ full
142. If the tank is accelerated downwards by 3 m/sec^2 and the space in the tank is with water. The vessel is 2 ft in diameter.
pressurized by 100 pa, determine the pressure at the bottom of the tank.
143. Determine the force based on 142. [Link] the maximum rotational acceleration the vessel could have to prevent
spilling of water. (rotation about its axis)
ROTATIONAL ACCELERATION 154. If the vessel is rotated about an axis parallel to its vertical axis 2 ft away, determine
the maximum rpm to just make the water touch the rim of the vessel.
Sit # 50 155. If the vessel is rotated about an axis 2 ft away from the center of the vessel
A tank 3 ft in diameter and 5 ft high is three fifths full of water. If the tank is rotated about its determine the minimum rpm to spill all water.
vertical axis. Sit # 54
144. What is the angular speed so that the water would just touch the rim of the tank. A cylindrical tank is filled with water and closed at the top. It is 8 ft tall and 4 ft in diameter.
[Link] is the angular speed so that the depth of water at the center is zero.
146. Determine the angular speed of the tank so that there’s no water 1 ft from the [Link] the tank is rotated about its vertical axis by 76.6 rpm, determine the pressure at the
vertical axis. bottom of the tank.
157. Determine the hydrostatic force acting on the side of the tank ( Use perimeter of the
Sit # 51 tank )
An open cylindrical tank 1m in diameter contains water at a depth of 3.56 m. 158. Determine the pressure at the top of the tank.

[Link] the tank is rotated about its vertical axis at a speed of 80 rpm, what is the least Sit # 55
depth of the tank so that there’s no water spilled. A closed cylindrical tank is 2.5 ft high and 3 ft in diameter if filled with water. Assuming the
148. Using the least depth of the tank from the previous problem, if the tank is rotated metal cylinder is 3/16 in thick with an ultimate strength of 48,000 psi.
120 rpm about its vertical axis, what is the volume spilled?
149. If the tank is rotated 140 rpm about its vertical axis, what is the minimum pressure 159. Determine the height of the imaginary water so that tank will burst when rotated
at the bottom of the tank about the vertical axis.
160. Determine the minimum rpm to rotate the tank to bursting.
Sit # 52 161. If the tank is rotated about its vertical axis by 200 rpm, determine the minimum
A closed cylindrical tank is 1m in diameter contains water at a depth of 3.56 m. thickness of the cylinder.

[Link] the tank is rotated about its vertical axis so that the water will just touch the rim of
the tank, determine the minimum height of the tank. Sit # 56
151. Determine the pressure acting at the top of the tank if it is rotated 120 rpm about its
vertical axis. A u-tube 10 mm in diameter, 500 mm high and 400 mm wide measured from the centers of
the legs contains water 300 mm high. The bent part is a semi-circle.
[Link] the minimum pressure acting on the bottom of the tank if the tank is
rotated 140 rpm about its vertical axis.
FLUID MECHANICS 2018
PRACTIVE PROBLEMS
PREPARED BY: ENGR. DEAN DOMENIQUE E. CLIDORO
162. Determine the maximum rotation in rpm of the tube if it is rotated about its center A pipe increases in diameter from 12 in to 24 in. When the discharge is 10 cfs, the water in
line without spilling water. the piezometer connected to the larges pipe is 1.2 ft higher than the piezometer connected to
163. Determine the maximum rotation in rpm if the tube is rotated about the center of the the smaller pipe.
left leg without spilling the water.
164. If the tube is rotated about a vertical axis 100 mm from its center line, determine the [Link] the coefficient of friction of the pipe due to this sudden enlargement.
maximum rpm to just cause the water to touch the rim of the tube. 175. Determine the total head loss in the pipe connection
176. Determine the energy of flow in the pipe.
PIPES AND HEAD LOSSES
Sit # 61
Sit # 57
A pipe line gradually enlarges from 12 inches in diameter at point A to 24 inches at point B.
Water flows through a 75 mm diameter pipe at a velocity of 3 m /sec. The velocity at A is 15 fps, and the average pressure above that of the atmosphere is 40 psi.

[Link] the volume flow rate. [Link] that 3 ft of head is loss, find the pressure at point B if it is situated 25 ft
166. Determine the mass flow rate of the pipe. below A.
167. Determine the weight flow rate. 178. Assuming that 3 ft of head is loss, find the pressure at B if it is situated 25 ft above
A.
Sit # 58 179. If A and B are of the same elevation determine the pressure at B if the total head
Water flows through a 900 m long pipe at 0.80 cms with a total head loss of 4m. Solve the loss is 3 ft.
diameter of the pipe using: PARALLEL PIPES
[Link] maninng’s formula , n = 0.014. Sit # 62
[Link] darcy weisback formula, f = 0.018.
170. Using hazen william’s formula, c = 130. A 60 inch main pipe carrying a 90 cfs branches at a point A into two pipes, one 1000 ft long –
4ft in diameter and 4000 ft long – 2 ft in diameter. Both pipes come together at a point B and
Sit # 59 continue as a single pipe 60 inch in diameter. Use fs as 0.02, 0.022, and 0.0 24 respectively,
A 1 m diameter new cast iron pipe is 845 m long and has a head loss of 1.11 m. for 60 inch, 48 inch and 24 inch pipes.

171. Determine the discharge capacity using hazen Williams, C = 130. 180. Determine the flow rate at the 48 inch pipe.
172. Determine the discharge capacity, using manning’s formula, n = 0.013 181. Determine the head loss in the parallel pipes.
173. Determine the discharge capacity using darcy – weisback formula, f = 0.014. 182. Determine the total head loss in the system.

Sit # 60
FLUID MECHANICS 2018
PRACTIVE PROBLEMS
PREPARED BY: ENGR. DEAN DOMENIQUE E. CLIDORO
FLUID MECHANICS 2018
PRACTIVE PROBLEMS
PREPARED BY: ENGR. DEAN DOMENIQUE E. CLIDORO