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Cheatsheets / Data Analysis with Pandas
Introduction to Pandas
Pandas
Pandas is an open source library that is used to analyze data in Python. It takes in
data, like a CSV or SQL database, and creates an object with rows and columns
called a data frame. Pandas is typically imported with the alias pd .
import pandas as pd
Pandas DataFrame creation
The fundamental Pandas object is called a DataFrame. It is a 2-dimensional size-
mutable, potentially heterogeneous, tabular data structure.
A DataFrame can be created multiple ways. It can be created by passing in a
dictionary or a list of lists to the [Link]() method, or by reading data from a
CSV file.
# Ways of creating a Pandas DataFrame
# Passing in a dictionary:
data = {'name':['Anthony', 'Maria'], 'age':[30, 28]}
df = [Link](data)
# Passing in a list of lists:
data = [['Tom', 20], ['Jack', 30], ['Meera', 25]]
df = [Link](data, columns = ['Name', 'Age'])
# Reading data from a csv file:
df = pd.read_csv('[Link]')
Selecting Pandas DataFrame rows using logical operators
In pandas, specific rows can be selected if they satisfy certain conditions using
Python’s logical operators. The result is a DataFrame that is a subset of the original
DataFrame.
Multiple logical conditions can be combined with OR (using | ) and AND (using & ),
and each condition must be enclosed in parentheses.
# Selecting rows where age is over 20
df[[Link] > 20]
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# Selecting rows where name is not John
df[[Link] != "John"]
# Selecting rows where age is less than 10
# OR greater than 70
df[([Link] < 10) | ([Link] > 70)]
Pandas DataFrames adding columns
Pandas DataFrames allow for the addition of columns after the DataFrame has
already been created, by using the format df['newColumn'] and setting it equal to the
new column’s value.
# Specifying each value in the new column:
df['newColumn'] = [1, 2, 3, 4]
# Setting each row in the new column to the same value:
df['newColumn'] = 1
# Creating a new column by doing a
# calculation on an existing column:
df['newColumn'] = df['oldColumn'] * 5
Pandas apply() function
The Pandas apply() function can be used to apply a function on every value in a
column or row of a DataFrame, and transform that column or row to the resulting
values.
By default, it will apply a function to all values of a column. To perform it on a row
instead, you can specify the argument axis=1 in the apply() function call.
# This function doubles the input value
def double(x):
return 2*x
# Apply this function to double every value in a specified column
df.column1 = [Link](double)
# Lambda functions can also be supplied to `apply()`
df.column2 = [Link](lambda x : 3*x)
# Applying to a row requires it to be called on the entire DataFrame
df['newColumn'] = [Link](lambda row:
row['column1'] * 1.5 + row['column2'],
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axis=1
)
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