A 500-mL sample of argon at 800 torr has its absolute temperature quadrupled.

If the volume remains

unchanged what is the new pressure?

3200 torr

Potassium metal will react with water to release a gas and form a potassium compound. Which of the
following is true?

The final solution is basic.

"A gaseous mixture consists of 2 kg of oxygen, 5 kg of nitrogen, and 3 kg of xenon. What is the mole
fraction of the oxygen gas?"

0.24

"For a given isotope of an element, the atomic number plus the atomic weight is 148, and their
difference is 58. How many protons does an atom of the isotope contain?"

45

"The reaction shown occurs in a gaseous phase. Once equilibrium has been achieved in a particular
reaction vessel, additional HI gas is injected directly into the reaction vessel. Compared to the initial
conditions, which of the following statements is correct after the new equilibrium has been achieved?"

The amount of I2 will have increased.

A transportation company specializes in the shipment of pressurized gaseous materials. An order is
received for 100 L of a particular gas at STP (0°C and 1 atm). What minimum volume tank is necessary
to transport the gas at 25°C and a maximum pressure of 8 atm?

14 L

Which of the following has the lowest electronegativity?

Ba

Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO4·5H2O, is used as a fungicide and algicide. Calculate the mass of
oxygen in 1.000 mol of CuSO4·5H2O.

144.0 g

"As the pressure of a gas increases, the solubility of that gas in a liquid"

always increases.

Peroxyacylnitrate (PAN) is one of the components of smog. It is a compound of C, H, N, and O.

Determine the empirical formula from the following percent composition by mass: 19.8 percent C, 2.50
percent H, 11.6 percent N, 66.1 percent O. What is its molecular formula given that its molar mass is
about 120 g?

C2H3NO5
"Manganese, Mn, forms a number of oxides. A particular oxide is 63.2% Mn. What is the simplest
formula for this oxide?"

MnO2

Which of the following elements is present in chlorophyll?

Mg

"Gold(III) oxide, Au2O3, can be decomposed to gold emtal, Au, plus oxygen gas, O2. How many moles of
oxygen gas will form when 221 g of solid gold(III) oxide is decomposed? The formula mass of gold(III)
oxide is 442."

0.750 mol

The molar mass of caffeine is 194.19 g/mol and the empirical formula is C4H5N2O; therefore the
molecular formula of caffeine is C8H10N4O2.

True

An unknown quantity of hydrogen gas has a volume of 2.5 L at STP (0° and 1 atm). What is the mass of
hydrogen?

0.22 g
"The volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure and
number of moles" is a statement of ________________ Law.

Charles'

"In most of its compounds, this element exists as a monatomic cation."

Ca

Lead (II) nitrate is a poisonous substance which has been used in the manufacture of special explosives
and as a sensitizer in photography. Calculate the mass of lead in 139 g of Pb(NO3)2.

87.0 g

Which sentence below is incorrect?

Pure iron is a heterogeneous mixture.

Terephthalic acid, used in the production of polyester fibers and films, is composed of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen. When 0.6943 g of terephthalic acid was subjected to combustion analysis it produced 1.471
g CO2 and 0.226 g H2O. What is its empirical formula?

C4H3O2

A liquid will boil when

its vapor pressure is equal to the surrounding pressure

"In an experiment, a compound was determined to contain 68.94% oxygen and 31.06% of an unknown
element by weight. The molecular weight of this compound is 69.7 g/mol. What is this compound?"

B₂O₃

Which of the following best explains why a hot air balloon rises?

Hot air has a lower density than cold air.

Which of the following equations is balanced?

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Charles's Law relates the volume and temperature of a gas sample at constant pressure. What would be
the temperature of a gas sample when its volume is 0 L?

- 273°C

"When 50.0 mL of 1.0M AgNO3 is added to 50 mL of 0.50M HCl, a precipitate of AgCl forms. After the
reaction is complete, what is the concentration of silver ions in the solution?"

0.25M
Which of the following gases effuses most rapidly?

ammonia

Ammonia, an important source of fixed nitrogen that can be metabolized by plants, is produced using
the Haber process in which nitrogen and hydrogen combine.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)

How many grams of nitrogen are needed to produce 325 grams of ammonia?

267

"A reaction produces a gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water vapor. After
one reaction, the mixture was analyzed and found to contain 0.60 mol of carbon dioxide, 0.30 mol of
carbon monoxide, and 0.10 mol of water vapor. If the total pressure of the mixture was 0.80 atm, what
was the partial pressure of the carbon monoxide?"

0.24 atm

Ima Chemist found the density of Freon-11 (CFCl3) to be 5.58 g/L under her experimental conditions.
Her measurements showed that the density of an unknown gas was 4.38 g/L under the same conditions.
What is the molar mass [g/mol] of the unknown?

108
Which gas is expected to have the highest rate of effusion?

He

What is the mass of 0.01 gram-moles of Naâ‚‚SOâ‚„?

1.42 g

Which of the following substances will produce a colorless aqueous solution?

Zn(NO3)2

Which of the following elements is a reactive gas?

chlorine

Cinnamic alcohol is used mainly in perfumery, particularly in soaps and cosmetics. Its molecular formula
is C9H10O. How many molecules of cinnamic alcohol are contained in a sample of mass 0.469 g?

2.11 x 1021

_____ C4H11N(l) + ____ O2(g) --> ____ CO2(g) + ____ H2O(l) + ____N2(g)
When the equation is balanced, the lowest whole number coefficient for CO2 is

16

A flask containing neon gas is connected to an open-ended mercury manometer. The open end is
exposed to the atmosphere, where the prevailing pressure is 745 torr. The mercury level in the open
arm is 50. mm below that in the arm connected to the flask of neon. What is the neon pressure, in torr?

695 torr

Dimethyl hydrazine (CH₃)₂NNH₂ has been used as a fuel in space, with nitrogen tetraoxide
(Nâ‚‚Oâ‚„) as the oxidizer. The products of the reaction between these two in an engine are Hâ‚‚O, COâ‚‚,
and Nâ‚‚. What is the mass of nitrogen tetraoxide required to burn 50 kg of dimethyl hydrazine?

153 kg

What is the percentage (by mass) of hydrogen in glucose (C₆Hₕ₂O₆)?

0.067

Aluminum metal reacts with gaseous HCl to produce aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas . What
volume of hydrogen gas, at STP, is produced when 13.5 g of aluminum is mixed with an excess of HCL?

16.8 L
At which temperature does a water sample have the highest average kinetic energy?

100 degrees Celcius

In an average year the American chemical industry produces more than 9.5 million metric tons of
sodium carbonate. Over half of this is used in the manufacture of glass while another third is used in the
production of detergents and other chemicals. How many pounds of sodium carbonate are produced
annually?

2.1 X 1010 lb

How many milliliters of 0.100M H2SO4 are required to neutralize 50.0 mL of 0.200M KOH?

50.0 mL

Which of the following occurs when table salt (NaCI) is added to continuously heated boiling water?

The water momentarily stops boiling.

A sample of the inert gas krypton has its pressure tripled while its temperature remained constant. If the
original volume is 12 L, what is the final volume?

4.0 L
"Which of the following best represents the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of lead (II)
carbonate with concentrated hydrochloric acid? In this reaction, all lead compounds are insoluble."

PbCO3 + 2 H+ + 2 Cl- --> PbCl2 + CO2 + H2O

How many moles of Pb(NO3)2 must be added to 0.10L of a solution that is 1.0M in MgCl2 and 1.0M in
KCl to precipitate all of the chloride ion? The compound PbCl2 precipitates.

0.15 mol

A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine effuses through a pinhole 0.411 times as fast
as neon. Select the correct molecular formula for the compound.

CHCl3

Which is the symbol for the element that forms a protective oxide coating?

Mg

An ideal gas sample weighing 1.28g at 127 deg C and 1.00 atm has a volume of 0.250L. Determine the
molar mass of the gas.

168 g/mol
A steel tank containing argon gas has additional argon gas pumped into it at constant temperature.
Which of the following is true for the gas in the tank?

The gas atoms travel with the same average speed.

"A sample of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is titrated with standard sodium hydroxide, NaOH, solution. A total of
45.20 mL of 0.1200M NaOH is required to neutralize20.00 mL of the acid. What is the concentration of
the acid?"

0.1356 M

A flask has a mass of 78.23 g when empty and 593.63 g when filled with water. When the same flask is
filled with concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4, its mass is 1026.57 g. What is the density [g/cc] of
concentrated sulfuric acid? (Assume water has a density of 1.00 g/cm3 at the temperature of the
measurement.)

1.840

"Aluminum metal reacts with HCl to produce aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas. How many grams of
aluminum metal must be added to an excess of HCl to produce 33.6L of hydrogen gas, if the gas is at
STP?"

27g

A given sample of radioactive material has 80% of the original substance remaining after 10 years. How
much will remain after 90 additional years?

0.11
"A sealed, rigid container is filled with three ideal gases: A, B, and C. The partial pressure of each gas is
known. The temperature and volume of the system are known. What additional information is
necessary to determine the masses of the gases in the container?"

the molar masses of the gases

Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen in 1774 by heating mercury(II) oxide. The compound decomposes
into its elements. How much oxygen, O2, is produced by the decomposition of 25 g of HgO?

1.8 g

A sample of propane, a component of LP gas, has a volume of 35.3 L at 315 K and 922 torr. What is its
volume at STP?

37.1 L

How many grams of nitrogen are in 25.0g of (NH4)2SO4?

5.30 g

What is the oxidation number for chromium (Cr) in the compound BaCrO4?

6
The time required for a given volume of N2 to diffuse through an orifice is 35 sec. Calculate the
molecular weight of a gas which requires 50 sec to diffuse through the same orifice under identical
conditions.

57.15 g/mole

Increasing the temperature of an ideal gas from 50 deg C to 75 deg C at constant volume will cause
which of the following to increase for the gas?

the average speed of the molecules

Gadolinium oxide, a colorless powder which absorbs carbon dioxide from the air, contains 86.76 mass %
Gd. Determine its empirical formula.

Gd2O3

What are the conditions of STP?

273 K and 760 torr

At STP the volume of 1.5 mole N2 as compared to 1.0 mole O2 is

different by about 11.2 L

"An experiment to determine the molar mass of a gas begins by heating a solid to produce a gaseous
product. The gas passes through a tube and displaces water in an inverted, water-filled bottle. Which of
the following items may be determined after the experiment is completed?"

vapor pressure of water

"In order to separate two substances by fractional crystallization, the two substances must differ in
which of the following? "

solubility

"Nitroglycerin is made by combining glycerol, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid. What are the minimum
coefficients needed to balance the equation of this reactions?"

"1,3,1,1,3,1"

Two balloons are at the same temperature and pressure. One contains 14g of nitrogen and the other
contains 20.0g of argon. Which of the following is true?

The average speed of the nitrogen molecules is greater than the average molecules of the argon
molecules.

Which of the following elements has the largest first ionization energy?

H (hydrogen)
Which units could be used to express the account absorbed or released during chemical reaction?

Calorie and joule

A carbon dioxide sample weighing 44.0 g occupies 32.68 L at 65°C and 645 torr. What is its volume at
STP?

22.4 L

Two moles of sodium react with 2 moles of water to produce which of the following?

2 moles of sodium hydroxide and 1 mole of hydrogen

Aqueous solutions of this ion are blue.

Cu2+

The true volume of a real gas is larger than that calculated from the ideal gas equation. This occurs
because the ideal gas equation does consider which of the following?

the volume of the molecules

"In most of its compounds, this element exists as a monatomic cation."

Ca

All of the substances listed below are fertilizers that contribute nitrogen to the soil. Which of these is the
richest source of nitrogen on a mass percentage basis?

Ammonia, NH3

"In an experiment, a compound was determined to contain 68.94% oxygen and 31.06% of an unknown
element by weight. The molecular weight of this compound is 69.7 g/mol. What is this compound?"

B₂O₃

Aluminum metal reacts with gaseous HCl to produce aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas . What
volume of hydrogen gas, at STP, is produced when 13.5 g of aluminum is mixed with an excess of HCL?

16.8 L

“The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass― is a
statement of _________________ Law.

Graham's
The executioner in charge of the lethal gas chamber at the state penitentiary adds excess dilute sulfuric
acid to 196 g of sodium cyanide. What volume [L] of HCN gas is formed at STP?

The reaction is: H2SO4 + 2 NaCN --> 2 HCN + Na2SO4

90

"A solution is prepared by mixing 50.0 mL of 0.20M arsenic acid, H3AsO4, and 50.0 mL of 0.20M sodium
hydroxide, NaOH. Which anion is present in the highest concentration?"

H2AsO4-

What is the pressure in a 7.50-L flask if 0.15 mol of carbon dioxide is added to 0.33 mol of oxygen? The
temperature of the mixture is 48.0°C.

1.69 atm

This element is a liquid at room temperature.

Hg

What is the mass of an object that has a density of 13 g/mL and a volume of 10 mL?

130 g/mL
Choose the gas that probably shows the greatest deviation from ideal gas behavior.

SF4

At what temperature in °C will O2 has under a pressure of 2.4 atm? (rho of O2= 1.43 g/L)

381°C

"Which of the following elements is important in the semiconductor industry to improve the
conductivity of germanium, Ge?"

Ga

"When the following equation is balanced, it is found that 1.00 mol of C8H18 reacts with how many
moles of O2(g)? ___C8H18(g) + ___O2(g) --> ___CO2(g) + ___H2O(g)"

12.5 mol

A book is lifted off of the floor and placed on a table that is one meter above the floor. The book has

gained potential energy

"By decreasing the pressure of an ideal gas at constant temperature and amount of substance 1/3 times
the original pressure, the volume of gas will"
increases three times the original

There are 500 g of zinc sulfide (ZnS) in a load of zinc ore. The ZnS is roasted in excess air to form zinc
oxide (ZnO) and sulfer dioxide (S)?. How many grams of zinc can be subsequently recovered if 5% of the
zinc is lost in the roasting process?

320 g

"In the following reaction, which elements are the reducing and oxidizing agents?"

Mg is the reducing agents; Oâ‚‚ is the oxidizing agent.

Which gas under a high temperature and a low pressure behaves most like an ideal gas?

He

Which of the following elements does not exists as a diatomic molecule under normal (ambient)
conditions?

sulfur

Sulfur trioxide can react with atmospheric water vapor to form sulfuric acid that falls as acid rain.
Calculate the mass in grams of 3.65 × 1020 molecules of SO3.
4.85 × 10-2 g

Which of the following statements pertaining to acids and bases is incorrect?

Bases have a sour taste.

The ozone layer is important because

ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation

What should you do if you spill sulfuric acid on the countertop?

neutralize the acid with NaHCO3 solution

Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

True

Nitrogen dioxide is a red-brown gas that is responsible for the color of photochemical smog. A sample of
nitrogen dioxide has a volume of 28.6 L at 45.3°C and 89.9 kPa. What is its volume at STP?

21.8 L
"An unknown gas with a temperature of 25°C and a pressure of 740 mm Hg is collected in a sampling
bag. The volume and mass of the gas are 24.0 L and 34.9 g, respectively. Which chemical formula could
represent the gas?"

HCI

A 0.850-mole sample of nitrous oxide, a gas used as an anesthetic by dentists, has a volume of 20.46 L at
123°C and 1.35 atm. What would be its volume at 468°C and 1.35 atm?

38.3 L

Aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3, is used in tanning leather, purifying water, and manufacture of
antiperspirants. Calculate its molar mass (g/mol).

342.15

Mammalian hemoglobin contains about 0.33% iron (Fe, atomic weight = 56) by weight. If the molecular
weight of hemoglobin is 68,000 g/mol, how many iron atoms are there in each molecule of hemoglobin?

"A 1.15 mol sample of carbon monoxide gas has a temperature of 27deg C and a pressure of 0.300 atm.
If the temperature were lowered to 17 deg C, at a constant volume, what would be the new pressure?"

0.290 atm
Which phase change is described correctly?

Liquid to solid is called freezing

Which of the following chemical formulas is incorrect?

CaCI

Determine the molecular mass of iron (III) bromide hexahydrate, a substance used as a catalyst in
organic reactions.

403.65

Aluminum oxide, Al2O3, is used as a filler for paints and varnishes as well as in the manufacture of
electrical insulators. Calculate the number of moles in 47.51 g of Al2O3.

0.4660 mol

"The total pressure in a mixture of unreacting gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the
individual gases" is a statement of __________________ Law.

Dalton's

Which atom is not paired with its correct ion and ionic charge?
Rb / Rb1-

Which of the following is not a conclusion Rutherford made from his experiment with alpha particles
being shot at a thin sheet of gold foil?

An atom has a negatively charged nucleus.

"The volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas at constant
temperature and pressure" is a statement of _____________ Law.

Avogadro's

Sodium sulfate froms a number of hydrates. A sample of a hydrate is heated until all the water is
removed. What is the formula of the original hydrate if it loses 43% of its mass when heated?

Na2SO4 *6H2O

Silicon, which makes up about 25% of Earth's crust by mass, is used widely in the modern electronics
industry. It has three naturally occurring isotopes, 28Si, 29Si, and 30Si. Calculate the atomic mass of
silicon.

Isotope Isotopic Mass (amu) Abundance %

28Si 27.976927 92.23

29Si 28.976495 4.67

30Si 29.973770 3.10

28.0855 amu

0.72 g of O2 has a greater mass than 0.0011 mol of chlorophyll (C55H72MgN4O5)

False

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration of Pb?

[Xe]6s25d104f146p2

Which sample represent a homogeneous mixture?

CH₃OH(aq)

Assume that one cubic foot of air near a thermonuclear explosion is heated from 0°C to 546,000°C. To
what volume in ft3 does the air expand?

2001

What is the valence (oxidation state) of carbon in sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?

4

"If a sample of methane gas effuses at a rate of 9.0 mole per hour at 35 deg C, which of the gases below
will effuse at approximately twice the rate under the same conditions?"

helium gas

Calculate the molar mass (g/mol) of Ca(BO2)2·6H2O.

233.79

Which of the following elements may occur in the greatest number of different oxidation states?

The mole (mol) is the amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities as there are
atoms in exactly

12.00 grams of ^12 C.

"If 1.5 L of an ideal gas at 250C is heated, the new volume increases 2.5 times the original volume. The
pressure and amount of substance are held constant. What is the new temperature of gas in 0F"

882 °F
Lithium forms compounds which are used in dry cells and storage batteries and in high-temperature
lubricants. It has two naturally occurring isotopes, 6Li (isotopic mass = 6.015121 amu) and 7Li (isotopic
mass = 7.016003 amu). Lithium has an atomic mass of 6.9409 amu. What is the percent abundance of
lithium-6?

7.503%

A sample of methane gas was collected over water at 35degC. The sample had a total pressure of 756
mm Hg. Determine the partial pressure of the methane gas in the sample. The vapor pressure of water
at this temperature is 41 mm Hg.

715 mm Hg

"The group of metals that includes lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium forms a closely
related family known as the"

alkali metals.

Calculate the pressure of a helium sample at -207.3°C and 768 mL if it exerts a pressure of 175 kPa at
25.0°C and 925 mL.

46.6 kPa

A sample of oxygen gas has its absolute temperature halved while the pressure of the gas remained
constant. If the initial volume is 400 mL, what is the final volume?
200 mL

Macro Vee collected hydrogen gas using water displacement method. He measured the temperature of
water using a thermometer and found out that it is 230C with the correponding pressure of 21.1 mmHg.
Calculate the pressure of hydrogen gas under standard atmospheric pressure.

98.51 Kpa

Which of the following gases will be the slowest to diffuse through a room?

carbon dioxide

The carat is the unit of mass used by jewelers. One carat is exactly 200 mg. How many carbon atoms are
present in a 24-carat diamond?

2.4 x 1023 atoms

_____ KClO3 --> _____ KCl + _____O2

After the above equation is balanced, how many moles of O2 can be produced from 1.0 mol of KClO3 ?

1.5 mol
3 Cu(s) + 8 HNO3(aq) --> 3 Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2 NO(g) + 4 H2O(l) Copper metal reacts with nitric acid
according to the above equation. A 0.30 mol sample of copper metal and 10.0 mL of 12 M nitric acid are
mixed in a flask. How many moles of NO gas will form?

0.030 mol

Oxygen reacts stoichimetrically with methane to form 14 g of carbon monoxide. How many moles of
methane are consumed?

0.5 mol

"The pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant volume and
number of moles" is a statement of ________________ Law.

Amonton's

"Consider a solution of water and a nonvolatile solute at some temperature. What combination of
conditions would be sure to increase the vapor pressure of the solution? _____"""

Raise the temperature and add more water

"Hydrogen and chlorine gas combine in a 35 m3 reaction vessel to produce hydrogen chloride. The
masses of hydrogen and chlorine are 4.5 kg and 160 kg, respectively. How much hydrogen chloride gas is
produced?"

160 kg
"Which of the following compounds would be ionic, considering the electro negativities of the
elements?"

KCI

This element may form a compound with the formula CaXO4.

Se

"What are the chemical formulas for the following compounds: aluminum nitrate, magnesium
hydroxide, calcium oxide, and cupric carbonate?"

"AI(NO3)3,Mg(OH)2,CaO,CuCO3"

Which of the following represents the correct formula for potassium trioxalatoferrate(III)?

K3[Fe(C2O4)3]

1.3625 g of unknown metal X reacts with oxygen to form 1.4158 g of the oxide X2O. What is the atomic
mass of X?

206

Uranium-235 and uranium-238 have the same number of which of the following?
Protons and electrons

Assuming ideal behavior, what is the density of argon gas at STP, in g/L?

1.78 g/L

What is the term for a quantity of a substance to which a chemical formula can be assigned and whose
mass is equal to its formula weight?

a mole

It is known that ozone (O₃) will decompose into oxygen (O₂) at a temperature of 100°. One mole of
ozone is sealed in a container at STP (0°C and 1 atm). What will be pressure of the container once it is
heated to 100°C?

210 kPa

What is the gravimetric (i.e.m.,mass) percentage of oxygen in Kâ‚‚CrOâ‚„?

0.33

Which sample demonstrate particles arranged in regular geometric pattern?

COâ‚‚(g)
This ion will generate gas bubbles upon the addition of hydrochloric acid.

(CO3)2-

What is a distinguishing characteristic of the halogens?

They readily accept an electron from another atom to form compounds.

"A sample of argon gas is sealed in a container. The volume of the container is doubled. If the pressure
remains constant, what happens to the absolute temperature?"

It is doubled.

Tin(II) fluoride (SnF2) is often added to toothpaste as an ingredient to prevent tooth decay. What is the
mass of F in grams in 24.6 g of the compound?

5.97

Calculate the pressure required to compress 2 liters of a gas at 700 mm Hg and 20°C into a container of
0.1 liter capacity at a temperature of -150°C.

5877 mm Hg
Which of the following bonds would you expect to be the most polar?

N-Bi

The effective nuclear charge for an atom is less than the actual nuclear charge due to

shielding

Which of the following substances will have hydrogen bonds between molecules?

CH3CH2-OH

Which of the following is a correct set of quantum numbers for an electron in a 5f orbital?

"n = 5, l = 3, ml = +1"

Which one of the following statements about orbital energies is incorrect?

The energy of a given orbital increases as the nuclear charge Z increases.

Which of the following is not a state function?

work
"Select the correct set of quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms) for the highest energy electron in the ground
state of tin, Sn. "

"5, 1, 0, ½"

Which of the following elements is the most electronegative?

Cl

The size of an atomic orbital is associated with

the principal quantum number (n).

In which of these substances are the atoms held together by polar covalent bonding?

ClF

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. Li(s) + H2O(l) ?

Li+(aq) + H2(g) + OH-(aq)

"Select the correct set of quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms) for the highest energy electron in the ground
state of potassium, K. "

"4, 0, 0, ½"
"Arrange calcium, rubidium, sulfur, and arsenic in order of decreasing electronegativity. "

S > As > Ca > Rb

"A system initially has an internal energy E of 501 J. It undergoes a process during which it releases 111 J
of heat energy to the surroundings, and does work of 222 J. What is the final energy of the system, in J?
"

168 J

Ammonia's unusually high melting point is the result of

hydrogen bonding.

Which of the following statements describes the correct method of preparation of 1.00 L of a 2.0 M urea
solution? (MW urea = 60.06 g/mol )

Dissolve 120 g of urea in enough distilled water to produce 1.00 L of solution.

Select the arrangement of electromagnetic radiation which starts with the lowest wavelength and
increases to greatest wavelength.

"gamma rays, ultraviolet, infrared, radio"

Which of the following elements has the largest first ionization energy?

Cl

Which sample demonstrate particles arranged in regular geometric pattern?

COâ‚‚(g)

Contact lenses can focus light due to the ___________ of the waves.

refraction

"Magnesium oxide, MgO, is an important industrial material. Which of the following is one of its uses? "

furnace bricks

"Select the correct set of quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms) for the first electron removed in the formation
of a cation for strontium, Sr. "

"5, 0, 0, -½"

"Which of the following statements about the effective nuclear charge, Zeff, is correct? "
Zeff increases across a period and is relatively constant down a group

Which electron configuration demonstrates an atom in the excited state?

1s²2s²3s1

Who was the first scientist to propose that an object could emit only certain amounts of energy?

Planck

"Dinitrogen monoxide, N2O, is "

a colorless gas used as a propellant in canned whipped cream.

"""Electrons added to atomic orbitals of the same energy will remain unpaired with parallel spins until
the subshell is more than half-filled"" is a statement of "

Hund's rule.

The vapor pressure of water at 20°C is 17.5 mmHg. What is the vapor pressure [in mm Hg] of water
over a solution prepared from 2.00 ´ 102 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) and 3.50 ´ 102 g water?

17
Calculate q when 28.6 g of water is heated from 22.0°C to 78.3°C.

6.74 kJ

"In which one of the following reactions would you expect ?H to be substantially greater than ?E (i.e., ?H
> ?E)?"

CO2(s) ? CO2(g)

Select the arrangement of electromagnetic radiation which starts with the lowest energy and increases
to greatest energy.

"microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet"

Which element forms compounds which are used to treat individuals suffering from manic-depressive
disorders?

lithium

Which principal energy level has exactly four subshells?

4
"A system absorbs 21.6 kJ of heat while performing 6.9 kJ of work on the surroundings. If the initial
internal energy, E, is 61.2 kJ, what is the final value of E? "

75.9 kJ

A system that does no work but which receives heat from the surroundings has

q = ?E

A system delivers 1275 J of heat while the surroundings perform 855 J of work on it. Calculate ?E in J.

-420 J

What are the products of the reaction of potassium hydride and water? KH(s) + H2O(l) ?

Correct K+(aq) + H2(g) + OH-(aq)

The dissolution of barium hydroxide in water is an exothermic process. Which of the following
statements is correct?

"The enthalpy of solid barium hydroxide plus pure water is greater than that of the solution, at the same
temperature."

The modern periodic table is arranged based upon atomic

number

Which of the following elements has the largest atomic size?

Ba

Which scientist first proposed that the electron in the hydrogen atom can have only certain energies?

Bohr

What is a distinguishing characteristic of the halogens?

They readily accept an electron from another atom to form compounds.

How many valence electrons are in a atom with the configuration 1s²2s²2p?3s²3p²

Calculate the concentration [molality] of an alcohol-water mixture which will not freeze above a
temperature of -10 deg C. MW of alcohol = 46; kf water = 1.86 deg C/m

5.4
Human blood has a molar concentration of solutes of 0.30 M. What is the osmotic pressure of blood at
25°C?

7.3 atm

What is the molarity of a solution obtained by dis-solving 25 g of NaCI in enough water to produce 4 L of
solution?

0.107

Calculate the freezing point of a solution made from 22.0 g of octane (C8H18) dissolved in 148.0 g of
benzene. Benzene freezes at 5.50°C and its Kf value is 5.12°C/m

-1.16°C

"What is the molality [m] of a solution prepared by dissolving 86.9 g of diethyl ether, C4H10O, in 425 g
of benzene, C6H6? "

2.76

How many grams of glucose, C6H12O6, are necessary to prepare 656 mL of a solution with a
concentration that is 0.550 molar?

64.9 g
"The osmotic pressure of a 0.010 M MgSO4 solution at 25°C is 0.318 atm. Calculate i, the van't Hoff
factor, for this MgSO4 solution."

1.3

By how much [in deg] will 50 grams of water have its freezing point depressed if you add 30 g (MW=80)
of glucose to it?

-6.2

A gas is compressed in a cylinder from a volume of 20 L to 2.0 L by a constant pressure of 10.0 atm.
Calculate the amount of work done on the system.

1.81 x10 4 J

The Henry's Law constant (k) for carbon monoxide in water at 25°C is 9.71 × 10-4 mol/(L·atm). How
many grams of CO will dissolve in 1.00 L of water if the partial pressure of CO is 2.75 atm?

7.48 × 10-2 g

It has been determined that 1.0 L of solution contain 52.7 g Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„, 240.8 g KMnOâ‚„, 11.3 g
K₂SO₄, and 5.5 g Mn₂O₇. The reaction equation is The molecular weights of the compounds are
What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction?

1.3 x 10-3
A 0.100 m MgSO4 solution has a freezing point of -0.23°C. What is the van't Hoff factor for this
solution? Kf = 1.86°C/m

1.2

In how many grams of water should 25.31 g of potassium nitrate (KNO3) be dissolved to prepare a
0.1982 m solution?

1263

How many mL of concentrated nitric acid (16 M) are needed to prepare 0.500 L of 6.0 M nitric acid?

190 mL

Consider a 0.90 M Al(NO3)3 solution. This solution has a nitrate ion concentration of

2.7 M

How many grams of water are needed to dissolve 27.8 g of ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 in order to
prepare a 0.452 m solution?

769

The elements from Groups 1A(1) and 2A(2) are

strong reducing agents.

"When a deliquescent substance is exposed to air, it"

becomes moist

Which word best describes the phenomenon which gives rise to a rainbow?

dispersion

The Starship Enterprise is caught in a time warp and Spock is forced to use the primitive techniques of
the 20th century to determine the specific heat capacity of an unknown mineral. The 307-g sample was
heated to 98.7°C and placed into a calorimeter containing 72.4 g of water at 23.6°C. The heat capacity
of the calorimeter was 15.7 J/K. The final temperature in the calorimeter was 32.4°C. What is the
specific heat capacity of the mineral?

0.138 J/(g·K)

Calculate the freezing point of a solution made by dissolving 3.50 g of potassium chloride ( MW = 74.55
g/mol) in 100.0 g of water. Assume ideal behavior for the solution; Kf = 1.86°C/m.

-1.7°C

6 g of a substance are dissolved in 1000 g of water. The solution freezes at -0.16°C. What is the
molecular weight of the substance?
70 g/ mol

"A reaction produces a gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water vapor. After
one reaction, the mixture was analyzed and found to contain 0.60 mol of carbon dioxide, 0.30 mol of
carbon monoxide, and 0.10 mol of water vapor. If the total pressure of the mixture was 0.80 atm, what
was the partial pressure of the carbon monoxide?"

27g

"When 0.560 g of Na(s) reacts with excess F2(g) to form NaF(s), 13.8 kJ of heat is evolved at standard-
state conditions. What is the standard enthalpy of formation () of NaF(s)?"

-570 kJ/mol

How many moles of bromide ions are present in 750.0 mL of 1.35 M MgBr2?

2.03

"What is the molarity of a solution of 10% by mass cadmium sulfate, CdSO4 (molar mass = 208.46 g/mol)
by mass? The density of the solution is 1.10 g/mL."

0.528 M

"A sugar solution was prepared by dissolving 9.0 g of sugar in 500 g of water. At 27 deg C, the osmotic
pressure was measured as 2.46 atm. Determine the molecular weight of sugar."
180 g/mol

"Ethanol undergoes combustion in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide gas and liquid water. The standard
heat of combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH(l), is -1366.8 kJ/mol. Given that [CO2(g)] = -393.5 kJ/mol and
[H2O(l)] = -285.8 kJ/mol, what is the standard enthalpy of formation of ethanol?"

-277.6 kJ/mol

Neon condenses due to

London dispersion forces.

The ____________________ quantum numbers are associated with the energy of an electron in a many-
electron atom.

n and l

Which of the following elements is the least electronegative?

Sr

An emulsion is a dispersion consisting of a

liquid in a liquid.
Which two elements will display the most similar chemical properties?

Litium and potassium

Energy states of atoms containing more than one electron arise from nucleus-electron and electron-
electron interactions. Which of the following statements correctly describes these effects?

"Larger nuclear charge lowers energy, more electrons in an orbital increases energy."

Which of the following oxides will give the most basic solution when dissolved in water?

K2O

"A system expands from a volume of 1.00 L to 2.00 L against a constant external pressure of 1.00 atm.
The work (w) done by the system, in J, is"

1.01 × 102 J

Which one of the following elements is likely to exhibit the most violent and rapid reaction with water?

Rb

The orientation in space of an atomic orbital is associated with

the magnetic quantum number (ml).

Arrange the following bonds in order of increasing bond strength.

C-I < C-Br < C-Cl < C-F

Which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius?

Ne

In hydrogen iodide __________________ are the most important intermolecular forces.

dipole-dipole forces

"A system delivers 225 J of heat to the surroundings while delivering 645 J of work. Calculate the change
in the internal energy, ?E, of the system. "

-870 J

An atom has eight electrons in a 3d subshell. How many orbitals in this subshell have an unpaired
electron?

2
In period 3 of the periodic table the atom with the largest atomic radius is located in group

"Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, is "

used in the production of polymers.

The strongest elemental oxidizing agents are found in the _________ _________ region of the periodic
table while the strongest reducing agents are found in the ________ ________ region of the periodic
table.

"upper right, lower left"

Which of the following isotopes has the greatest number of neutrons?

40AR

"Two solutions (the system), each of 25.0 mL volume and at 25.0°C, are mixed in a beaker. A reaction
occurs between them, and the temperature rises to 35.0°C. After the products have equilibrated with
the surroundings, the temperature is again 25.0°C and the total volume is 50.0 mL. No gases are
involved in the reaction. Which one of the following relationships concerning the change from initial to
final states (both at 25.0°C) is correct? "

w=0
How many grams of MgSO4 (MW 120.4) are in 100.0 mL of a 5.0 molar solution?

60.0 g

Octane is a component of fuel used in internal combustion engines. The dominant intermolecular forces
in octane are

London dispersion forces.

What is the freezing point of a solution that contains 10.0 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 100. g of H2O? Kf
for water is 1.86°C/m.

-1.03°C

How many moles of sulfate ions are present in 1.0 L of 0.5 M Li2SO4?

0.5

Sodium hypochlorite is used

as a disinfectant.

Determine the freezing point of a solution which contains 0.31 mol of sucrose in 175 g of water. Kf =
1.86°C/m
-3.3°C

At 10°C one volume of water dissolves 3.10 volumes of chlorine gas at 1.00 atm pressure. What is the
Henry's Law constant in mol/L·atm?

0.13

A 0.100 m K2SO4 solution has a freezing point of -0.43°C. What is the van't Hoff factor for this
solution? Kf = 1.86°C/m

2.3

A chemist dropped a 200 g object into a tank of water. It displaced 60 mL of the water when it sunk to
the bottom of the tank. In a similar experiment, it displaced only 50 g of oil into which it was dropped.
Calculate the density of the oil [g/mL].

0.833

Potassium fluoride is used for frosting glass. Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving
78.6 g of KF in enough water to produce 225 mL of solution.

6.01 M
A 275-g sample of nickel at l00.0°C is placed in 100.0 mL of water at 22.0°C. What is the final
temperature of the water? Assume that no heat is lost to or gained from the surroundings. Specific heat
capacity of nickel = 0.444 J/(g·K)

39.6°C

Ethanol boils at 78.5 °C. If 10 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) is dissolved in 150g of ethanol, at what
temperature [ °C] will the solution boil? Assume Kb=1.20 ° C/m for the alcohol.

78.73

Cadmium bromide is used in photography and lithography. Calculate the molality [m] of a solution
prepared by dissolving 45.38 g of CdBr2 in 375.0 g of water.

0.4446

2.3 g ethanol (C2H5OH) is added to 500 g water. Determine the molality, m, of the resulting solution.

0.1

The solubility of nitrogen gas at 25°C and a nitrogen pressure of 522 mmHg is 4.7 ´ 10-4 mol/L. What
is the value of the Henry's Law constant in mol/L·atm?

6.8 x 10-4 mol/L·atm

A chemist discovered a new compound and wished to determine its molecular weight. He placed 2.00
grams of the unknown compound in 10 g of water and found that the normal freezing point of the water
was depressed to -1.22 deg C. What is the molecular weight of the new compound?

305

What is the freezing point of a solution prepared from 50.0 g ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) and 85.0 g H2O?
Kf of water is 1.86°C/m.

-17.6°C

"Ethylene glycol, used as a coolant in automotive engines, has a specific heat capacity of 2.42 J/(g·K).
Calculate q when 3.65 kg of ethylene glycol is cooled from 132°C to 85°C. "

-420 kJ

Calcium nitrite is used as a corrosion inhibitor in lubricants. What is the molality [m] of a solution
prepared by dissolving 18.5 g of calcium nitrite in 83.5 g of distilled water?

1.68

Methane has a Henry's Law constant (k)of 9.88 × 10-2 mol/(L·atm) when dissolved in benzene at
25°C. How many grams of CH4 will dissolve in 3.00 L of benzene if the partial pressure of CH4 is 1.48
atm?

7.02 g
The solubility of the oxidizing agent potassium permanganate is 7.1 g per 100.0 g of water at 25°C.
What is the mole fraction of potassium permanganate in this solution?

0.008

"If, as a pioneer, you wished to warm your room by taking an object heated on top of a pot-bellied stove
to it, which of the following 15-pound objects, each heated to 100°C, would be the best choice? The
specific heat capacity (in J/(g·K)) for each substance is given in parentheses. Iron (0.450), copper
(0.387), granite (0.79), water (4.18). "

water

Predict the products for the reaction of the following set of reactants. CaO(s) + H2O(l) ?

Ca(OH)2(s)

Select the element with the lowest first ionization energy.

Sr

"In the ground state of an atom of silver (Ag), how many electrons will there be with the quantum
number l = 1? (The n, ml and ms quantum numbers may have any appropriate values.) "

18
Which one of the following pairs of dispersed phases and dispersing media can never form a colloid?

gas and gas

What is the molarity of a solution that is 26.0% by mass phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and that has a density
of 1.155 g/mL?

3.06

Electromagnetic radiation of 500 nm wavelength lies in the ________ region of the spectrum.

visible

Silicon carbide is an important industrial chemical. Which of the following statements about silicon
carbide is true?

It can be doped to form a high temperature semiconductor.

Select the element with the highest first ionization energy.

Mg

"The interference pattern seen when light passes through narrow, closely spaced slits, is due to "
diffraction

"Although the periodic table is organized according to the atomic numbers of the elements, chemists
are more interested in the arrangement of the electrons for their studies. Which of the following
statements about the electron configurations and their quantum numbers is correct? "

The valence electrons of atoms in a particular group have the same angular momentum quantum
number but have different principal quantum numbers.

Who was the first scientist to propose that the atom had a dense nucleus which occupied only a small
fraction of the volume of the atom?

Rutherford

""Each electron in an atom must have its own unique set of quantum numbers"" is a statement of "

the Pauli exclusion principle.

Two aqueous solutions are prepared: 2.0 m Cu(NO3)2 and 2.0 m NaBr. Which of the following
statements is true?

The Cu(NO3)2 solution has a lower vapor pressure and lower freezing point than the NaBr solution.

Which of the following contains ionic bonding?

SrF2

Which one of the following properties is least characteristic of typical ionic compounds?

poor electrical conductor when molten

2.00 g of a substance dissolved in 250 g of water produces a boiling point elevation of 0.065°C. What is
the molecular weight of the substance?

63

For which one of the following reactions will ?H be approximately (or exactly) equal to ?E?

H2(g) + Br2(g) ? 2HBr(g)

"Cold packs, whose temperatures are lowered when ammonium nitrate dissolves in water, are carried
by athletic trainers when transporting ice is not possible. Which of the following is true of this reaction?
"

"?H > 0, process is endothermic"

"An ideal gas (the system) is contained in a flexible balloon at a pressure of 1 atm and is initially at a
temperature of 20.°C. The surrounding air is at the same pressure, but its temperature is 25°C. When
the system has equilibrated with its surroundings, both systems and surroundings are at 25°C and 1
atm. In changing from the initial to the final state, which one of the following relationships regarding the
system is correct? "

q>0

Which of the following is a correct set of quantum numbers for an electron in a 3d orbital?

"n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2"

The electronic structure 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8 refers to the ground state of

Ni

What is the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared from 13.7 g of the electrolyte HCl and enough water
to make 0.500 L of solution at 18°C?

35.9 atm

What is the percent CsCl by mass in a 0.711 M CsCl solution that has a density of 1.091 g/mL?

11

Calculate the molality of a solution containing 14.3 g of NaCl in 42.2 g of water.

5.8

Copper(II) bromide is used as a wood preservative. What mass of CuBr2 is needed to prepare 750.0 mL
of a 1.25 M solution?

209 g

"Benzene is a starting material in the synthesis of nylon fibers and polystyrene (styrofoam). Its specific
heat capacity is 1.74 J/(g·K). If 16.7 kJ of energy is absorbed by a 225-g sample of benzene at 20.0°C,
what is its final temperature? "

62.7°C

"Find the standard enthalpy of formation of ethylene, C2H4(g), given the following data: heat of
combustion of C2H4(g)= -1411 kJ/mol; [CO2(g)] = -393.5 kJ/mol; [H2O(l)] = -285.8 kJ/mol."

52 kJ/mol

Potassium hydrogen phosphate is used in the preparation of non-dairy powdered creamers. Calculate
the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 238 g of K2HPO4 in enough water to produce 275 mL of
solution.

4.97 M

0.102 g of an unknown compound dissolved in 100. mL of water has an osmotic pressure of 28.1 mmHg
at 20°C. Calculate the molar mass [g/mol] of the compound.
663

Calculate the molality of 6.0 M H2SO4 solution. The density of the solution is 1.34 g/mL.

7.98

Which of the following is an ionic compound?

KI

A solution of potassium hydroxide is in equilibrium with undissolved solute at 45°C. What will happen if
the temperature is raised to 50°C? (?Hsoln = -57.6 kJ/mol)

The mass of dissolved KOH will decrease.

Select the correct formula for a compound formed from barium and nitrogen.

Ba3N2

Which one of the following statements about atomic structure and quantum numbers is incorrect?

"For n = 4, the largest possible value of ml is 2."

How many valence electrons are in a atom with the configuration 1s²2s²2p?3s²3p²

A system that does no work but which transfers heat to the surroundings has

"q < 0, ?E < 0"

"For a given solution, which of the following concentration values will change as temperature changes? "

molarity

Who proposed the principle which states that one cannot simultaneously know the exact position and
velocity of a particle?

Heisenberg

The most basic oxides contain elements from the ________________ ____________ region of the
periodic table.

lower left
The smallest ionization energies are found in the ____________ ___________ region of the periodic
table.

lower left

Which of the following is a covalent compound?

Cl2O

"Arrange oxygen, sulfur, calcium, rubidium and potassium in order of decreasing electronegativity. "

O > S > Ca > K > Rb

"Natural gas, or methane, is an important fuel. Combustion of one mole of methane releases 802.3
kilojoules of energy. How much energy does that represent in kilocalories? "

1.92 × 102 kcal

The elements that display the greatest non-metallic character are located toward which corner of the
periodic table?

Upper right
Which of the following elements has the smallest first ionization energy?

Rb

Which of the following elements has the smallest atomic size?

Ar

"A system which undergoes an adiabatic change (i.e., q = 0) and does work on the surroundings has"

"w < 0, ?E < 0"

"Assuming the ground state, all of the elements located in the group 12 of the periodic table will have
the same number of"

valence electrons

"When elements from a group exhibit more than one oxidation state, "

the lower oxidation state is more important as one goes down a group

"Which of the following gives the molarity of a 17.0% by mass solution of sodium acetate, CH3COONa
(molar mass = 82.0 g/mol) in water? The density of the solution is 1.09 g/mL. "
2.26 M

How much water must be added to 100 mL of a 0.75 molar solution of KCI to make a 0.04 molar
solution?

1.78 L

What is the percent CdSO4 by mass in a 1.0 molal aqueous CdSO4 solution?

17.2

"A piece of copper metal is initially at 100.0°C. It is dropped into a coffee cup calorimeter containing
50.0 g of water at a temperature of 20.0°C. After stirring, the final temperature of both copper and
water is 25.0°C. Assuming no heat losses, and that the specific heat (capacity) of water is 4.18 J/(g·K),
what is the heat capacity of the copper in J/K? "

13.9 J/K

Which of the following aqueous solutions has the highest osmotic pressure at 25°C?

0.2 M Na2SO4

"Ethanol boils at 78.5 deg C. If 10 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) is dissolved in 150g of ethanol, at what
temperature [deg C] will the solution boil? Assume Kb=1.20 deg C/m for the alcohol."
78.73

"Given the thermochemical equation 2SO2 + O2 --> 2SO3, dHr= -198 kJ/mol, what is the standard
enthalpy change for the decomposition of one mole of SO3?"

99 kJ/mol

A Born-Haber cycle applied to the formation reaction of an ionic solid

is an application of Hess's Law.

Which element forms compounds which are involved in smog and acid rain?

nitrogen

"Sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, is "

an inert gas that is used as an electrical insulator.

"While moving from left to right across the second row of the periodic table (i.e., from Li to Ne), the
atomic radii tend to"

uniformly increase.
If a solute dissolves in an endothermic process

the entropy of the solution must be greater than that of its pure components.

When two pure substances are mixed to form a solution

there is an increase in entropy.

Xenon forms several compounds with oxygen and fluorine. It is the most reactive non-radioactive noble
gas because

it has the lowest ionization energy of these noble gases.

Colligative properties depend on

the number of particles dissolved.

"A reaction produces a gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water vapor. After
one reaction, the mixture was analyzed and found to contain 0.60 mol of carbon dioxide, 0.30 mol of
carbon monoxide, and 0.10 mol of water vapor. If the total pressure of the mixture was 0.80 atm, what
was the partial pressure of the carbon monoxide?"

27g
A glass containing 200. g of H2O at 20°C was placed in a refrigerator. The water loses 11.7 kJ as it cools
to a constant temperature. What is its new temperature? The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g·°C.

6°C

"If 325 g of water at 4.2°C absorbs 12.28 kJ, what is the final temperature of the water? The specific
heat of water is 4.184 J/g·°C."

13.2°C

"When Mr. Bean adds chilled grog to his new granite mug, he removes 10.9 kJ of energy from the mug.
If it has a mass of 625 g and was at 25°C, what is its new temperature? Specific heat capacity of granite
= 0.79 J/(g·K) "

3°C

How many moles of solute particles are present in 100.0 mL of 2.50 M (NH4)3PO4?

What volume of concentrated (14.7 M) phosphoric acid is needed to prepare 25.0 L of 3.0 M H3PO4?

5.1 L

Which of the following aqueous liquids will have the lowest freezing point?
0.5 m Li3PO4

The density of a 20.3 M CH3OH (methanol) solution is 0.858 g/mL. What is the molality of this solution?
H2O is the solvent.

97.6

"Which one of the following properties is least characteristic of substances composed of small,
covalently-bonded molecules? "

weak bonds

"A solution of sucrose (sugar) in water is in equilibrium with solid sucrose. If more solid sucrose is now
added, with stirring, "

the concentration of the solution will remain the same.

Select the arrangement of electromagnetic radiation which starts with the lowest energy and increases
to greatest energy.

"radio, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays"

Which of the following sets of conditions could exist when two liquids which are completely miscible in
one another are mixed?
"?Hsoln ? 0, entropy of system increases"

Which of the following contains covalent bonds?

IBr

Which scientist demonstrated that photons transferred momentum during collisions with matter?

Compton

Atomic orbitals developed using quantum mechanics

describe regions of space in which one is most likely to find an electron.

Tin reacts to form several organic compounds. Which of the following is a use for organotin compounds?

They can be used as fungicides.

Which of the following elements has the greatest atomic radius?

Rb
Calculate the percent by mass of potassium nitrate in a solution made from 45.0 g KNO3 and 295 mL of
water. The density of water is 0.997 g/mL.

13.3

Which of the following aqueous solutions will have the lowest osmotic pressure?

0.05 m CaSO4

How many liters of 2M solution (i.e., a molarity of 2) can be produced from 184 g of ethyl alcohol
(CH₃CH₂OH)?

2.0 L

Select the correct electron configuration for Te (Z = 52).

[Kr]5s2 4d10 5p4

Which of the following ions and atoms has the greatest radius?

Se2-

Interference of light waves

creates a pattern of light and dark regions.

Select the correct electron configuration for Cu (Z = 29).

[Ar]4s1 3d10

Which of the following is the strongest acid?

HClO3

Which of the following elements is the most electronegative?

Select the strongest electrolyte from the following set.

LiNO3

"According to the Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom, the minimum energy (in J) needed to ionize a
hydrogen atom from the n = 2 state is "

5.45 × 10-19 J
Electronegativity is a measure of

the attraction by an atom for electrons in a chemical bond.

"A system contracts from an initial volume of 15.0 L to a final volume of 10.0 L under a constant external
pressure of 0.800 atm. The value of w, in J, is "

405 J

In which of the following processes is ?H = ?E?

Calcium carbonate is heated to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide in a container with variable
volume.

"Arrange aluminum, nitrogen, phosphorus and indium in order of increasing electronegativity. "

In < Al < P < N

Two aqueous solutions are prepared: 1.00 m Na2CO3 and 1.00 m LiCl. Which of the following
statements is true?

The Na2CO3 solution has a higher osmotic pressure and higher boiling point than the LiCl solution.

"A system which undergoes an adiabatic change (i.e., q = 0) and has work done on it by the surroundings
has "
w = ?E

What mass of lead nitrate, Pb(NO₃)₂, must be dis-solved in 1 L of water to produce a solution that
contains 20 mg of lead ions? Assume 100% ionization.

32 mg

What is the osmotic pressure of a solution that contains 13.7 g of propyl alcohol (C3H7OH) dissolved in
enough water to make 500. mL of solution at 27°C?

11.2 atm

Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 1.85 L of 6.5 M KOH to 11.0 L.

1.1 M

"Aluminum metal reacts with HCl to produce aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas. How many grams of
aluminum metal must be added to an excess of HCl to produce 33.6L of hydrogen gas, if the gas is at
STP?"

The average speed of the nitrogen molecules is greater than the average molecules of the argon
molecules.

Which of the following aqueous solutions should demonstrate the most ideal behavior?
0.1 M NaCl

Predict the products for the reaction of the following set of reactants. Mg(s) + Cl2(g) ?

MgCl2(s)

How many milliters of 1 M NaOH solution will 25 mL of 2 Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„ neutralize?

100 mL

Which one of the following relationships is always correct?

H = E + PV

Select the correct electron configuration for sulfur (Z = 16).

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4

The unit of electromotive force is the _____.

volt
Which is the most penetrating of the three types of nuclear radiation?

gamma

The energy released by the sun is the result of

nuclear fusion

When a catalyst is added to a reaction mixture, it

provides a new pathway (mechanism) for the reaction.

What element is the stable end-product of the uranium radioactive decay series?

Pb

Which of the following statements is correct?

Kp = Kc

"Kp is 158 for the equilibrium 2NO2(g) <==> 2 NO(g) + O2(g) Starting with NO2 (g) only, the partial
pressure of NO at equilibrium is 0.25 atm. Calculate the partial pressure [atm] of NO2 at equilibrium."

10^-7 M
When the reaction A → B + C is studied, a plot of ln[A]t vs. time gives a straight line with a negative
slope. What is the order of the reaction?

first

Which statement is correct with respect to the above equilibrium when 0.30 moles of CO and 0.30
moles of H2O are heated to 700°C and allowed to reach equilibrium.

[H2O] = [CO]

What is the pH of a 0.050 M HBr solution?

1.3

Consider the equilibrium reaction: N2O4(g) ↔ 2NO2(g)

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between Kc and Kp for the reaction?

Kp = RT × Kc

Methanol can be synthesized by combining carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

CO(g) + 2H2(g) ↔ CH3OH(g)

A reaction vessel contains the three gases at equilibrium with a total pressure of 1.00 atm. What will
happen to the partial pressure of hydrogen if enough argon is added to raise the total pressure to 1.4
atm?

The partial pressure of hydrogen will be unchanged.

A catalyst accelerates a reaction because

it lowers the activation energy for the reaction.

The addition of He to the equilibrium 2CO(g) + O2(g) <==> 2 CO2(g) at constant volume _____.

Has no effect

The substance HCl is considered

a strong Arrhenius acid.

The substance HOBr is considered

a weak Arrhenius acid

Ammonium chloride is used as an electrolyte in dry cells. Which of the following statements about a
0.10 M solution of NH4Cl, is correct?
The solution is acidic.

Which one of the following changes would alter the rate constant (k) for the reaction 2A + B ®
products?

increasing the temperature

The reaction A → B is first-order overall and first-order with respect to the reactant A. The result of
doubling the initial concentration of A will be to

double the initial rate

The rate of a reaction is determined by the rate of the fastest step in the mechanism.

False

The species _____ can oxidize water to oxygen under standard state conditions.

Cl2(g)

When a chemical system is at equilibrium,

the concentrations of the reactants and products have reached constant values.
The standard potential for the reduction of Cu+ to Cu is 0.52V. E° at 25 °C for 2Cu+(aq) --> Cu2+(aq) +
Cu(s) is _____.

0.37V

A reaction mechanism usually is

"difficult, if not impossible, to prove"

Changing the amount of reactant or product in an equilibrium reaction will always change the
equilibrium position, regardless of the physical state of the substance involved.

True

A given sample of radioactive material has 80% of the original substance remaining after 10 years. How
much will remain after 90 additional years?

0.11

The process _____ occurs spontaneously under standard state conditions.

Fe3+ oxidizes I–

Which of the following will shift the equilibrium to the right? CaCO3(s) <==> CaO(s) + CO2(g)
Addition of NaOH solution

Which of the following is an advantage of nuclear power plants over coal-burning plants? Nuclear power
plants

"do not pollute the air with SO2, soot, and fly-ash"

"When the reaction Cu + HNO3 --> Cu2+ + NO + H2O is balanced in acidic solution, the coefficient of H+
is _____."

Alpha particles are identical to

helium nuclei

The Arrhenius equation is k = A e-(Ea/RT). The slope of a plot of ln k vs. 1/T is equal to

-Ea /R

The value of Kc for the equilibrium 2SO2(g) + O2(g) <==> 2SO3(g) is 5.6x10^4 at 350 C. The initial
pressures of SO2 and O2 are 0.35 and 0.762 atm. The total pressure at equilibrium will be

less tan 1.112

The equilibrium constant Kc for the equilibrium A + B <==> C + D is X. The equilibrium constant for the
reaction 1/2 A + 1/2 B <==> 1/2 C + 1/2 D is

X^(1/2)

Which of the following equilibria is not affected by pressure?

solid <==> liquid

The number of faradays required to deposit one mole of Cr metal from Cr2O72- is

The substance Ba(OH)2 is considered

a strong Arrhenius base

Unless ΔH°rxn = 0, a change in temperature will affect the value of the equilibrium constant Kc.

True
Although a system may be at equilibrium, the rate constants of the forward and reverse reactions will in
general be different.

Correct True

Which isotope, when bombarded with nitrogen-15, yields the artificial isotope dubnium-260 plus 4
neutrons?

californium-249

A solution is prepared by adding 0.10 mol of sodium fluoride, NaF, to 1.00 L of water. Which statement
about the solution is correct?

The solution is basic.

For a gas-phase equilibrium, a change in the pressure of any single reactant or product will affect the
amounts of other substances involved in the equilibrium.

True

The correct statement is: _____.

Oxidation occurs at the anode

At 450°C, tert-butyl alcohol decomposes into water and isobutene.

(CH3)3COH(g) ↔ (CH3)2CCH2(g) + H2O(g)

A reaction vessel contains these compounds at equilibrium. What will happen if the volume of the
container is reduced by 50% at constant temperature?

The reverse reaction will proceed to reestablish equilibrium.

Sodium hydrogen carbonate decomposes above 110°C to form sodium carbonate, water, and carbon
dioxide.

2NaHCO3(s) ↔ Na2CO3(s) + H2O(g) + CO2(g)

One thousand grams of sodium hydrogen carbonate are added to a reaction vessel, the temperature is
increased to 200°C, and the system comes to equilibrium. What happens in this system if another 50 g
of sodium carbonate are now added?

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide will be unchanged.

Complete the following statement: A catalyst

alters the reaction mechanism.

In order to write the correct mass-action expression for a reaction one must

have a properly balanced chemical equation.

For a gas-phase equilibrium, a change in the pressure of any single reactant or product will change Kp.

False

"As a result of beta decay, the product nucleus is "

one atomic number higher than the original element.

Consider the equilibrium reaction: H2(g) + Br2(g) ↔ 2HBr(g)

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between Kc and Kp for the reaction?

Kp = Kc

What is the pH of a 0.050 M LiOH solution?

12.7

The following reaction is at equilibrium in a sealed container.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ 2NH3(g); ΔH°rxn < 0

Which, if any, of the following actions will increase the value of the equilibrium constant, Kc?

lowering the temperature

The relation connecting DG° and E° is _____.

DG° = –nFE°

Le Châtelier's principle can help to predict how to maximize _____.

Reaction yield

Which of the following affects the activation energy of a reaction?

presence of a catalyst

_____ Faradays are required to liberate 32 g of O2 in the electrolysis of H2O.

The species that is not an oxidizing agent is _____.

Cl–

Magnesium carbonate dissociates to magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures.
MgCO3(s) ↔ MgO(s) + CO2(g)

A reaction vessel contains these compounds in equilibrium at 300°C. What will happen if the volume of
the container is reduced by 25% at 300°C?

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide at equilibrium will be unchanged.

"For a second order reaction, the half-life is equal to"

t1/2 = 1/k[A]o

The greater the energy of activation, Ea, the faster will be the reaction.

False

Consider the following mechanism for the oxidation of bromide ions by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous
acid solution.

H+ + H2O2 H2O+-OH (rapid equilibrium)

H2O+-OH + Br- → HOBr + H2O (slow)

HOBr + H+ + Br- → Br2 + H2O (fast)

Which of the following rate laws is consistent with the mechanism?

Rate = k[H2O2][H+][Br-]
Which one of the following substances will give an aqueous solution of pH closest to 7?

KNO3

Beta particles are identical to

electrons

The reaction system

CS2(g) + 4H2(g) ↔ CH4(g) + 2H2S(g)

is at equilibrium. Which of the following statements describes the behavior of the system if the partial
pressure of carbon disulfide is reduced?

As equilibrium is reestablished, the partial pressure of carbon disulfide increases.

About half of the sodium carbonate produced is used in making glass products because it lowers the
melting point of sand, the major component of glass. When sodium carbonate is added to water it
hydrolyses according to the following reactions.

CO32-(aq) + H2O(l) ↔ HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq); K1

HCO3-(aq) + H2O(l) ↔ H2CO3(aq) + OH-(aq); K2

These can be combined to yield

CO32-(aq) + 2H2O(l) ↔ H2CO3(aq) + 2OH-(aq); K3

What is the value of K3?

K1 × K2

Which of the following does a catalyst change?

the activation energy of a reaction

Which isotope, when bombarded with oxygen-18, yields the artificial isotope seaborgium-263 plus 4
neutrons?

californium-249

What is the pH of a 0.75 M HNO3 solution?

0.12

A student adds 0.1 mol of oxalic acid and 0.1 mol of sodium dihydrogen phosphate to enough water to
make 1.0 L of solution. The following equilibrium is established with the concentrations of the products
greater than the concentrations of the reactants. Which of the statements about the equilibrium system
is correct?

H2C2O4(aq) + H2PO4-(aq) ↔ HC2O4-(aq) + H3PO4(aq)

Phosphoric acid is a weaker acid than oxalic acid.

The following reaction is at equilibrium at a pressure of 1 atm, in a closed container.

NaOH(s) + CO2(g) ↔ NaHCO3(s); ΔH°rxn < 0

Which, if any, of the following actions will decrease the concentration of CO2 gas present at
equilibrium?

lowering the temperature

A radioisotope decays to give an alpha particle and Pb-208. What was the original element?

Po

The reaction quotient, Qc, for a reaction has a value of 75 while the equilibrium constant, Kc, has a value
of 195. Which of the following statements is accurate?

The reaction must proceed to the right to establish equilibrium.

"In the electrolysis of water, _____."

oxygen is liberated at the anode

Which can alter the value of the equilibrium constant?

Temperature

The standard emf of the cell involving Mg/Mg2+ and Cu/Cu2+ half-cell reactions is _____.

2.71V

The kinetics of the decomposition of dinitrogen pentaoxide is studied at 50°C and at 75°C. Which of
the following statements concerning the studies is correct?

The rate at 75°C will be greater than the rate at 50°C because the number of molecules with enough
energy to react increases with increasing temperature.

The emf of the concentration cell Cu/Cu2+(0.08 M)||Cu2+(1.2 M)/Cu is _____.

0.035V

There is a direct correlation between the speed of a reaction and its equilibrium constant.

False

Which of the following acids has the lowest pH?

"0.1 M HBO, pKa = 2.43"

For some gas-phase reactions, Kp = Kc.

False

"What is the value of Kc for the reaction CO2(g) + H2(g) <==> H2O(g) + CO(g) when the equilibrium
concentrations of CO, H2, CO2, and H2O are 0.050 M, 0.045 M, 0.086 M and 0.040 M respectively?"

0.52

Consider the reaction

2NH3(g) → N2(g) + 3H2(g)

If the rate Δ[H2]/Δt is 0.030 mol L-1 s-1, then Δ[NH3]/Δt is

-0.020 mol L-1 s-1

Write the mass-action expression, Qc, for the following chemical reaction equation.

2C6H6(g) + 15O2(g) 12CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)

[c02]12 [h20]6 / [c6h6]2 [02]15

If Q > K, more products need to be formed as the reaction proceeds to equilibrium.

False

The substance H2SO3 is considered

a weak Arrhenius base

The acid dissociation constant Ka equals 1.26 × 10-2 for HSO4- and is 5.6 × 10-10 for NH4+. Which
statement about the following equilibrium is correct?

HSO4-(aq) + NH3(aq) ↔ SO42-(aq) + NH4+(aq)

The products will be favored because the hydrogen sulfate ion is a stronger acid than the ammonium
ion.

What is the pH of a 0.20 M HCl solution?

0.7

What is the pH of a 0.00200 M HClO4 solution?

2.699
The equilibrium PCl5(g) <==> PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) can be shifted toward more product formation by _____.
DH = 92.5 kJ

Increasing temperature

What is the mass-action expression, Qp, for the following reaction?

SbF5(g) + 4Cl2(g) ↔ SbCl3(g) + 5ClF(g)

[psbcl3][pclF]5 / [pcl2]4 [psbf5]

The reaction of nitric oxide to form dinitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide is exothermic.

3NO(g) ↔ N2O(g) + NO2(g) + heat

What effect will be seen if the temperature of the system at equilibrium is raised by 25°C?

The partial pressure of NO will increase.

The equilibrium pressure of NO2 in the equilibrium N2O4(g) <==> 2 NO2(g) is 1.56 atm. Its pressure on
the addition of a catalyst will be _____.

1.56 atm
The following reaction is at equilibrium at one atmosphere, in a closed container.

NaOH(s) + CO2(g) ↔ NaHCO3(s)

Which, if any, of the following actions will decrease the total amount of CO2 gas present at equilibrium?

decreasing the volume of the container

"Kp is 158 for the equilibrium 2NO2(g) <==> 2 NO(g) + O2(g) Starting with NO2 (g) only, the partial
pressure of NO at equilibrium is 0.25 atm. Calculate the partial pressure [atm] of NO2 at equilibrium."

0.5

The reaction system

CS2(g) + 4H2(g) ↔ CH4(g) + 2H2S(g)

is at equilibrium. Which of the following statements describes the behavior of the system if the partial
pressure of hydrogen is doubled?

As equilibrium is reestablished, the partial pressure of hydrogen decreases.

Magnesium hydroxide is used in several antacid formulations. When it is added to water it dissociates
into magnesium and hydroxide ions.

Mg(OH)2(s) ↔ Mg2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)

The equilibrium constant at 25°C is 8.9 × 10-12. One hundred grams of magnesium hydroxide is
added to 1.00 L of water and equilibrium is established. What happens to the solution if another 10
grams of Mg(OH)2 are now added to the mixture?

The hydroxide ion concentration will be unchanged.

What is the half-life of a substance that decays to 25% of its original amount in six days?

3 days

Methanol can be synthesized by combining carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

CO(g) + 2H2(g) ↔ CH3OH(g); ΔH°rxn = -90.7 kJ

A reaction vessel contains these compounds at equilibrium. What effect will be seen when equilibrium is
re-established after decreasing the temperature by 45°C?

The partial pressure of carbon monoxide will decrease.

The equilibrium position of the reaction SO2(g) + Cl2(g) <==> SO2Cl2(g) can be shifted in the forward
direction by _____.

Adding Cl2

Which one of the following substances will give an aqueous solution of pH < 7?
NH4Br

The reaction system

POCl3(g) ↔ POCl(g) + Cl2(g)

is at equilibrium. Which of the following statements describes the behavior of the system if the partial
pressure of chlorine is reduced by 50%?

POCl3 will be consumed as equilibrium is established.

The dose unit of ionizing radiation is called the rad. The rad is defined in terms of

the energy deposited per gram of an object.

Which of the following is the strongest acid?

HI

"Kp is 158 for the equilibrium 2NO2(g) <==> 2 NO(g) + O2(g) Starting with NO2 (g) only, the partial
pressure of O2 at equilibrium is 0.25 atm. Calculate the partial pressure [atm] of NO2 at equilibrium."

0.02
The half-life of a first-order reaction does not depend on the initial concentration of reactant.

True

The compound RX3 decomposes according to the equation

3RX3 → R + R2X3 + 3X2

In an experiment the following data were collected for the decomposition at 100°C. What is the
average rate of reaction over the entire experiment?

t(s) [RX3](mol L-1)

0 0.85

2 0.67

6 0.41

8 0.33

12 0.20

14 0.16

0.049 mol L-1s-1

The position of the equilibrium 2CO(g) + O2(g) <==> 2 CO2(g) can be shifted to the left by the addition of
_____ at constant pressure.

He

The concentration of H+ in pure water at 25°C is _____.

10^-7 M

Which one of the following is a strong acid?

H2SO4

The standard potential of the cell consisting of the Zn2+/Zn half-cell and the SHE is _____.

0.76

Which of the following statements concerning reversible reactions is false?

Concentration have no effect on the direction of the reaction

A solution is adjusted from pH 8 to pH 9. The relative concentration of the hydrogen [H?] ion has
changed by a factor of what?
110

The cathode in the Daniell cell is _____.

Cu

How many grams of copper will be deposited at an electrode if a current of 1.5 A is supplied for 2 hours
to a CuSOâ‚„?

3.6 g

The equilibrium 2SO2(g) + O2(g) <==> 2 SO3(g) can shifted to the reactant side by _____. DH = –198.2
Kj

Decreasing pressure