SSCE1993 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
SURFACE INTEGRALS
PM DR MUNIRA BINTI ISMAIL
DR RASHIDAH BINTI AHMAD
SURFACE INTEGRAL
Surface Integral of a scalar field ( x, y, z )
with respect to surface area s , a part of ,
a surface in 3D over a region R in the
xy -plane, and N is any outward unit
normal to , is given by
( x, y, z )dS
Evaluating Surface Integral with respect to surface
area S , ( x, y , z )dS
is by evaluating the double integrals over the
region R where dS N dA . If is given by
z f ( x, y ) , substitute this into the scalar
field , and the formula N ( f x ) 2 ( f y ) 2 1
then
( x, y, z )dS ( x, y, f ( x, y )) N dA
R
R ( x, y, f ( x, y )) ( f x ) ( f y ) 1dA
2 2
Class Activity: Write down the evaluation of
Surface Integral with respect to surface area S
when is given by : (a) y h( x, z ) (b) x g ( y, z )
Class Activity: (a)Evaluate x 2 y dS
where is y 2 x 2 a 2 in the first octant
between the planes x 0, x 9, z y and z 2 y.
(b) Evaluate xyz dS where is y 2 x
in the first octant between the planes
z 0, z 9, z y and y 2.
Application of Surface Integral: FLUX
is the measure of the flow of a vector field
F( x, y, z) M ( x, y, z) i N ( x, y, z) j R( x, y, z)k
spreading onto a surface in the
direction of an outward unit normal n
to , is denoted and given by
Flux F
F.n dS
How to Evaluate Surface Integral F.n dS,
where dS N dA and n N , is reduced to
N
solving a double integrals of the scalar field F N
over the region R in the xy -plane defined by
the surface :
N
F.n dS R F. N N dA R
F. NdA
Class Activity: Find an outward normal vector N of
a surface given by:
(a) z 4 y 2 x 2 (b) z y2 x2
(c) y 4 z2 (d) y z2 x2
(e) x 4 y z
2 2
(f) x z2 y2
Class Activity: Evaluate F.n dS where
n is the outward unit normal, is the portion
the surface given by:
(a) z x y 1 in the first octant of the three
dimensional coordinate system, while
F( x, y, z) ( x y) i N ( y z) j R( x z)k .
(b) z 1 x 2 y 2 that lies above the -plane in
the three dimensional coordinate system, while
F( x, y, z) x i yj zk .
Class Activity: Evaluate F.n dS where
is a piecewise surface consisting of 1 , 2 , 3
joined together at some edges, then
F.n dS 1
F.n dS
2
F.n dS 3
F.n dS
Class Activity: Evaluate F.n dS where
is a piecewise surface consisting of the planes
x 3, x 0, z 0 such that
0 x 3,0 y 2,0 z 1
F( x, y, z) x i yj zk
and
Class Activity: Evaluate F.n dS where
is a closed surface enclosing a region of space
or a solid G. Some example of a closed surface is
the sphere or a closed cuboid.
Class Activity: Evaluate F.n dSwhere
is a closed cuboid such that
0 x 3,0 y 2,0 z 1
and F( x, y, z) x i yj zk
Divergence Theorem or Gauss theorem
If is a closed surface enclosing a solid G
F.n dS F dV
G
Where F( x, y, z) M ( x, y, z) i N ( x, y, z) j R( x, y, z)k
M N R
and F
x y z
is the divergence of F.
Class Activity: Use the divergence theorem to
evaluate F.n dS where is a closed surface:
(a) or cuboid defined as 0 x 3,0 y 2,0 z 1
and F( x, y, z) x i yj zk.
(b) Is the closed circular cylinder x 2 y 2 9
between the planes z 2 and z 0
and F ( x, y , z ) x 3
i y 3
j z 2
k.
(c)Is the closed hemisphere 9 x 2
y 2
and
z 0 and F( x, y, z ) x3 i y 3 j z 3k.
Stoke’s Theorem
If is an open surface whose boundary is a
closed curve C in the three dimensional
coordinate system, then
F. dr ( F) ndS
C
Where the orientation of the normal vector n of
and the direction of how F circulates around
the boundary C whether clockwise or
otherwise, obeys the right-hand rule.
Class Activity: following problems
(a) A hemisphere is given by x 2 y 2 z 2 4
that lies above the xy -plane and n is its outward unit
normal vector with the vector field F( x, y, z) x3 i y 3 j z 2k.
Use Stokes theorem to evaluate ( F).n dS
.
(b) Use Stoke’s theorem to evaluate CF dr where
F( x, y, z) x 2i 4 xy 3 j y 2 xk and C is the rectangle on the
plane z y whose vertices are
(0,5,5), (3,5,5), (3,5,5), (0,5,5)
clock direction if viewed from above the xy-plane.
Reference
• Glyn James (2010). Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics, 4th
Edition. Prentice Hall Pearson Education Ltd.
• Howard Anton(2005). Multivariable Calculus, 8th Edition. . John Wiley &
Sons Inc.
• Kreyszig (2011). Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10th Edition. John
Wiley & Sons Inc.
• Maslan Osman & Yusof Yaacob, 2008. Multivariable and Vector Calculus,
UTM Press.
• Yudariah, Roselainy & Sabariah. Multivariable Calculus for Indpt. Learners,
Revised 2nd Ed. 2011. Pearson Educ. Pub.
