1 Work Plan – Phase 1.

Feasibility study & screening of financing options

1 MOBILIZATION AND PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES

Task 1.03 Visual reconnaissance of the road

The team leader, the Pavement design engineer and the Senior Surveyor will conduct a
reconnaissance of the project road, featuring:
i. Meetings with Zone and Wereda administrations
ii. Visual inspection and photographic record
iii. Organization of Road marking for further investigation purposes
iv. Locating of points and features along the route using GPS, Odometer gage and maps
v. Informal interviews with members of the people residing along the road.
The visual inspection will localize the critical symptoms of road degradation.

Task 1.04 Environmental and social issues reconnaissance

The Environmentalist and the Sociologist will conduct a reconnaissance of the area served by the
project road In order to plan further field work for detailed environmental and social impact
assessment. They will interview informally the households along the project route.

Task 1.05 Project presentation to local stakeholders and private operators

The Team Leader and the Socio-economist will disclose the project to Local Authorities and stakeholders
at Wereda level. A detailed presentation will be delivered to road transport associations and works
contractors, as an early start of sensitizing initiatives geared to involve them in road development.

2 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL BASELINE SURVEY OF THE ROAD INFLUENCE AREA

Task 2.01 Demarcation of the Road Influence Area (RIA)

The Socio-economist and the Environmentalist will be in [Link] definition of the Road Influence
Area (RIA) is critical for the assessment of socioeconomic impacts. It will rely upon road network analysis
(Task 3.05) and determine where the influence of the project road is superseded by other roads.. The
RIA will differ for the alternative of road upgrading as compared to the new-expressway option.

Task 2.02 Baseline survey of demographic conditions in the RIA

The Socio-economist will prepare two baseline documents, as discussed in Task [Link]
assessment of socioeconomic impacts cannot rely upon general published statistics. Therefore a
sample household survey of RIA residents is proposed, to create a solid benchmark.

Task 2.03 Baseline survey of economic activities in the RIA

The Transport economist and the Socio-economist will be in [Link] field survey will gauge
the development expected from road rehabilitation by interviewing local entrepreneurs, focusing
on the agricultural, stockbreeding and tourism sectors in both demarcated RIAs.

Task 2.04 Baseline survey of the environmental conditions of the RIA

The Environmentalist will carry out the fieldwork, complemented by the collection and desk
review of statistics and literature [Link] quantification of environmental impacts will rely upon
the careful investigation of ecologic conditions within RIA limits before the project.

Task 2.05 Scoping of ecological impacts

The Environmentalist will carry out the [Link] field reconnaissance of ecological issues will
focus on the potential impact of rehabilitation works on the natural setup of the physical and
biological environment, in order to define the objectives and schedule of the forthcoming impact
assessment studies. The scoping of impacts will be different for the alternative of upgrading the
road as compared to the new expressway. The environmentalist will prepare a scoping document
for each alternative.

Task 2.06 Identification and scoping of physical impacts

The Environmentalist will carry out the Task, with the Hydrologist and the Geotechnical
[Link] field reconnaissance will provide the data platform to define the scope and methods
of the physical impact assessment study. They will prepare a scoping document for each project
alternative: (i) Upgrading the road, and (ii) New expressway.

4 PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF ALTERNATIVE ALIGNMENTS

Task 4.01 Road engineering survey

The survey will mobilize a multidisciplinary team of professional and support staff.

A. Road morphology. The survey will focus upon:

i. Morphologic features (roadway and adjoining land for a width of 50m on each side)
ii. Inventory of road conditions (pavement, shoulders, slopes, structures, etc.), highlighting:
- surface conditions, nature and extent of distress and any sections susceptible to flooding
- geometry including horizontal and vertical alignments / curves.
iii. General assessment of terrain.
iv. Types of soils.
v. General features on the point of conformity to standards – steep gradients, hairpin bends,
inadequate sight distance, width of right-of-way, etc.
vi. Bridges, culverts and drainage: structural deficiencies, distress, poor maintenance,
protection works, bed erosion, locations of back-up, ponding and needs of extra waterways.
vii. General availability of local materials.

Road morphology will be recorded by GPS. Visual observations and pictures will generate
information to plan the preliminary topographic survey (see Task 5.01), using the road marking
made by Task 1.03.

B. Pavement. A diagnostic checkup of pavement surface and structural integrity will be planned.
The team will dig trial pits to explore the layers and subgrade soils. Survey data will be processed by
homogeneous road sub-sections to identify improvement needs and anticipate the related issues.
The team will detect: (i) Deformations. (ii) Potholes. (iii) Cracking. (iv) Surface erosion. (v) Rutting.
The degree of deformation, corrugation, erosion and potholing will be rated by means of quantitative
scales, in terms of percentage area of defect observed in 100m road lengths every 1km interval.
C. Side drains and culverts. During the visual inspection, the type and conditions of side drains
will be recorded in 100m road lengths every 1km interval. First, the hydraulic adequacy of side
drains and culverts will be checked. Secondly, these structures will be described in terms of
construction material. Their condition will be rated according to five classes.
D. Slope Stability and Erosion. Slopes affected by erosion or embankment instability will be
demarcated and the causes identified, including, but not limited, the following ones:
- Insufficient capacity of drainage structure to intercept and drain water away
- Inadequate protection of slopes by retaining walls.
- Excessive grade raise and absence of slopes protection by vegetation and grass.
-
Task 4.02 Road roughness survey
The Pavement engineer will carry out the Task. The survey will be carried out using the Axle-Mounted
Bumper Integrator, duly calibrated. Measurements will be processed by the current software to obtain
the IRI (m/km). Roughness will be analyzed in the light of the last periodic maintenance works of 2000-01
and the subsequent traffic load, so as to help calibrating the progression of degradation of the wearing
course, as needed to simulate the base option “without project”. The results will be submitted to ERA in
the Technical Memorandum.

Task 4.03 Preliminary geotechnical evaluation and identification of material sources

The Geotechnical engineer will start by reviewing the road projects in the area. Then, he will
undertake a field reconnaissance with investigative hand-methods to check the road sub-grade's
geotechnical aspects and search the sources of materials, which are needed in large quantities to
build either the new expressway or the third lane of the existing road. The search of material
sources a 5-step investigation procedure will be applied:
i. Material sources will be located as close as possible to the road, at frequent intervals
ii. The sources will have little over burden and should have low extraction costs
iii. Quarry sites will be located at sites suitable for a crushing plant
iv. Selected sites will require minimum blasting to produce stone fragments ready for
crushing
v. The material should require minimal processing to achieve a suitable specification.
The investigation will highlight the pros and cons of the alignment options for both widening the
road and building a new expressway. The results will be submitted to ERA in the Preliminary
Geotechnical Evaluation Memorandum, written by the Geotechnical Engineer.

Task 4.04 Outline of the alignment improvements of the existing road

This Task will be carried out by the Team Leader supported by the engineering team . The
changes to road geometry will reduce RUC (road user costs) and enhance traffic safety, while
limiting environmental impacts and resettlement. The alternative options will be studied against
the causes leading to the current unsatisfactory service of the road. The separation of motorized
(MT) and non motorized (NMT) traffic, through the construction of unpaved lanes exclusively
dedicated to NMT along the existing alignment, would be a cost-effective solution to increase the
average speed of MT and curb traffic congestion. Such aspects will be discussed along with
alignments options submitted to ERA for screening in view of preliminary designs. Before that,
alternative standards will be selected in line with ERA's Geometric Design Manual. Any departure
from established standards will be justified and adopted only after ERA approval. The layouts of
the road stretches where realignment is advisable will be presented at scale 1:50,000 in the
Technical Memorandum, submitted to ERA for discussion and approval before starting the
preliminary design work.

Task 4.05 Outline of expressway alignment

The Team Leader, the Geotechnical engineer and the Senior Surveyor will make a field checks to
refine the analyses. The alignment of the new road will reflect local geology, geomorphology and
hydrology. Road geometry, earth works, retaining structures and drainage measures must also be
designed to curb the impacts on slopes and natural drainage. Resettlement must also be minimized. The
alignment of a new expressway depends also on peculiar factors of varied nature, among others,
the number and location of towns to be served with access ramps, the direct connection with the
expressway Addis Ababa – Adama and the special geometric standards. The Consultant will submit
the alignments to ERA, using physical and thematic maps, aerial photos and satellite imagery. The
layouts of suitable expressway alignments will be shown at scale 1:125,000 in the Technical
Memorandum, along with the upgrading option of the existing road.
 5 PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF ROAD IMPROVEMENT ALTERNATIVES

Task 5.01 Preliminary topographic survey

The Senior Surveyor will supervise the execution of this Task. The survey will support the
preliminary engineering design, necessary to calculate road works with an accuracy of ±20%, and
to perform the Environmental Impact Assessment in line with ERA standards. The density of
survey points will reflect ground morphology and the resettlement needs for widening the road
and for the new alignment. As discussed under Task 4.01, the work plan for the preliminary
topographic survey will depend on the findings of the engineering road survey. The plan will be
submitted to ERA will achieve accuracy using the following criteria:
A) ALTERNATIVE OF IMPROVING THE EXISTING ALIGNMENT:
- primary horizontal and vertical control points
- longitudinal section levels along final centre line at intervals of 100m, narrowed in
curves, near streams and intersections and at changes in elevation
- cross sections at 20m intervals (closer at curves), covering sufficient spot levels on the
carriageway and adjacent ground for profile correction and earthwork calculations,
- the width of the surveyed corridor will be widened where developments or encroachments
require a rectified alignment, or where the alignment can be refined with minor touches.
B) ALTERNATIVE OF CONSTRUCTING A NEW EXPRESSWAY:
- The topography of the alignment of the new expressway identified by Task 4.05 will
be studied utilizing, if available, Geo-stereo imagery of GeoEye-I & IKONOS Company.
GeoEye-1 provides imagery for 50-cm and 2-m precision at elevation angles between
72 and 90 degrees. Such precision ensures the accuracy needed for quantities estimates.
Survey data and satellite imagery processing will generate a DTM with a contour interval of 1m, or
0.5m where needed. If the above Geo-stereo imagery would not be available, LandSat or Spot
satellite images will be used.
The study of images will be complemented by on-the-ground the surveys to preparing the maps
for the preliminary design of alternatives. The on-the-ground survey will include:
- The establishment of at least three control points at the start, middle and end of the
road,
- the establishment of vertical control points by transfer of levels from a known
benchmark.

Task 5.02 Inventory of public utilities along the route

The Senior Surveyor will tap utility data from the topographic survey (Task 5.01) and will apply to
utility companies for cost information and relocation guidelines. The relocation of utilities is often
needed for safety reasons. Relocation may make up a big share of road widening costs.

Task 5.03 Preliminary geotechnical investigations: existing road and new alignment
The Materials Engineer aided by the Geotechnical Engineer will carry out this Task. The preliminary
soil and pavement investigations will check the condition and characteristics of the subgrade and
pavement (the study of material sources is addressed in subsequent task 5.04).
This Task follows the engineering survey (Task 4.01) and will include in-situ and lab tests in line
with Annex B to Volume 2 of ERA Pavement Design Manual.
The first tests will measure pavement deflection using a standard Benkelman beam. The beam
rebound deflection tests will be made at regular intervals of 500m or shorter in critical stretches.
The tests will be reported as follows:
i. Sample location and related asphalt pavement thickness
ii. Total pavement rebound deflection
iii. Air temperature and pavement surface temperature
Wherever deflection measure detect pavement or subgrade weaknesses, duly spaced DPC tests and trial
pits, will shed light on structural properties. Samples from each layer and subgrade type will be extracted
for visual inspection and lab trials. Test pits will probe the layers until the subgrade soil, for a minimum
depth of one meter. Alternatively, the pits will be sunk at least 0.20 m below the subgrade floor.
The soil of the expressway alignments outlined in Task 4.05 will be sounded by trial pits for visual
inspection and lab testing. Fieldwork will be supplemented tapping any inventory of material sources.
The preliminary investigation schedule would feature in-situ and laboratory tests (Table 13). Nevertheless, it
is worth-recalling that the number of tests shown in Table 13 must be justified by the findings of the
engineering survey (task 4.05) and approved by ERA.
Table13: Tentative program for preliminary geotechnical investigations of existing road and new expressway
SOILS and MATERIALS TYPE of TEST No.(a)
Visual Survey,(km) 204
1. Pavement Condition Evaluation
DCP Tests 102
Deflection, points 408
2. Subgrade and existing Digging ,description of layer composition & sampling 82
pavement and new alignment soil Soil Class (Atterberg limit) 82
Linear Shrinkage 40
In-situ density and moisture content 20
Subgrade/new alignment soil Modified Proctor for MDD and OMC Determination 40
4-days soaked CBR 3-point to determine CBR at 93%,
40
95% and 97% of MDD, including swell recording
Wet Sieve Analysis 20
Atterberg Limit 20
Test on existing pavement
Modified Proctor for MDD and OMC Determination 10
materials (Base and Subbase)
4-days soaked CBR 3-point to determine CBR at 93%,
10
95% and 97% of MDD, including swell recording
3. Preliminary Geo-technical Penetrometer, DCP 80
Investigation for design of bridges
rehab./reconstruct. Test pitting 80
(a): Provisional quantities subject to road engineering survey outcomes and ERA approval.

Task 5.04 Soils and material investigations

The Materials Engineer will carry out this Task with the support of the Geotechnical Engineer.
Great quantities of construction materials will be needed. Their availability must be checked at an
early stage. The haulage and processing cost of materials will impact greatly on construction and
maintenance. The sources of materials identified by Task 4.03 will be revisited and appraised in-
situ and in the lab. Manual trial pitting at additional sources will minimize haulage and enhance
quality. Pavement material searches will focus on a 10-15km land strip, centered upon the road.
Each outcrop of crushing rocks will be checked to detect rock jointing properties and weathering
profiles. Based on field and lab tests, quarry sites with best yields (well jointed) and uniform
strength properties will be selected for development. Subbase and shoulder materials will be
sampled every 35 km to minimize hauling distances and will be tested for classification,
compaction and strength rates. The evaluation of borrow materials will be tied to the subgrade
soil extension survey. Quarry stones will be sampled at regular intervals for suitability tests as
both cement-concrete and road construction aggregates. On the basis of the site visit and
Consultant's know-how, the preliminary materials investigation would include in-situ and
laboratory tests, as listed in Table 14. Nevertheless, the numbers of tests indicated in the Table
have to be justified by the findings of the engineering survey (task 4.05) and approved by ERA.
Table 14: Tentative preliminary materials investigations schedule for the existing road and new expressway
 SOILS and MATERIALS TYPE of TEST No.(a)

Collection of samples 8
Wet Sieve Analysis 8
Atterberg limit 8
1. Fill materials for embankment
Linear Shrinkage 8
Every 25-km
Modified Proctor for MDD and OMC determination 8

4-days soaked CBR 3-point for determination of CBR at

8
93%, 95%, and 97% of MDD, including swell recording
Collection of samples 22

2. Materials for Subbase Sieve Analysis 22

Atterberg limit 22
Every 35-km, 4 samples from each site.
All will be tested for grading and PI while Modified Proctor for MDD and OMC determination 11
2 of them for 3-point CBR
4-days soaked CBR 3-point for determination of CBR at
11
93%, 95%, and 97% of MDD, including swell recording
Collection of samples 4
3. Materials for granular base and/or Los Angeles Abrasion Tests 4
bituminous layers (Hard Rock) Aggregate Crushing Value 4

Every 50-km, 1 sample from each site SSS 4

Bituminous Affinity and Water Absorption 4
Flakiness Index 4
(a): Provisional quantities subject to road engineering survey outcomes and ERA approval.

Task 5.06 Survey of bridges condition and alternative options

The Structural engineers will screen rehabilitation options and cost estimates, jointly with the
Hydraulic Engineer, the Geotechnical Engineer and the Environmentalist. The site visit has not found
any major deficiency of bridges. Abutments and superstructures are sound. Just some defects
appear in the decks, while approaches and parapets are unsafe. The widening of the carriageway
will require either the complete reconstruction of the bridges or the introduction of additional
lanes. In the latter case, bridge conditions must be assessed, covering:
 the waterway
 the loading class and the structural adequacy of superstructure
 adequacy of waterway openings
 roadway surfacing, approaches, curbs, sidewalks, parapets, guardrails and railings
The structural adequacy will be checked by detailed visual inspection and diagnostic testing. The
concrete compressive strength of piers will be probed with the rebound hammer. The as-built drawings,
where available, will be reviewed to assess whether the structural capacity of the bridge is adequate for
forecasted traffic. The Consultant will recommend borehole logs in sufficient numbers, consistently with
bridge size and geological features. At least one borehole will be drilled at each abutment or pier..
Survey data will be edited in the Structures Selection Report.

Task 5.10 Preliminary design of road pavement

This Task will be carried out by the Team Leader with the Materials and Geotechnical
[Link] guiding principle will be structural adequacy and economy, by maximizing the use
of local materials. The study will justify alternatives considering available materials, pavement
tests and traffic forecasts. The pavement will be designed to accommodate the cumulative
equivalent standard axle (CESA) load agreed with ERA. Engineering analysis will rely on the tests
of Task 5.03, as well as the results of the pavement surveys and soil tests of Task 5.04. The
strengthening of pavement with extra layers will be assessed. The study will determine the
pavement and shoulder details and road cross sections with slopes compaction needs and
preliminary material specifications. Alternatives will include the design and costing of any other
use of materials. The proposed pavement structure will conclude the Soil and Material
Preliminary Report.

Task 5.12 Preliminary Design of bridges

This Task will be carried out by the Structural engineers with the Hydraulic and Geotechnical
Engineers. As the carriageway of bridges varies 6.8m to 7.6m, two options will be screened. The first, if
technically and economically viable, would incorporate the sidewalks into the carriageway and add
suspended sidewalks. The second would build new bridges with the same width of the upgraded
carriageway. This solution will apply to the new expressway. The preliminary design will undergo two
stages:
STAGE 1: the Structural and Hydraulic Engineers will design the layout of the alternatives proposed by
Task 5.06 and will discuss them with ERA after submitting the Structure Preliminary Layout Report.
STAGE 2: for the approved layout, the preliminary design will be worked out in line with ERA's
Bridge Design Manual. The detail will ensure an accuracy of ±20% of quantity estimates.
The design documentation will include:
a. Hydraulic modeling
b. Location plans and longitudinal sections of bridge structure and approaches,
c. Elevation of sub and super structures and preliminary cost estimates.

The output will be edited in the Structure Preliminary Study Report.

Task 5.14 Bill of Quantities & cost estimates of designed works

The Team Leader will fulfill this Task, assisted by the Quantity Surveyor and the Engineering
Team. On the basis of the preliminary designs of the three road improvement alternatives, the
preliminary bill of quantities and cost estimates will be prepared. This Task includes:

A. Itemized quantities by road sub-section: earthworks, pavement layers (wearing course, base,
subbase), subgrade, hydraulic structures, road furniture, environmental measures.
B. Analysis of unit rates of work items, disaggregated by equipment, labor, materials,
overheads, profit and taxes. The foreign and local components of unit rates will be computed.
C. The comparison of unit rates with recent similar projects in Ethiopia and neighboring
countries, taking into account project size and location.
D. Cost estimate of works, based on unit rates and quantities, including land acquisition for the
right-of-way and other resettlement costs, will be denominated in USD, EUR and ETB. Price
escalation and contingencies will be added.

Bill of quantities and cost estimates will complement the Preliminary Geometric Design Plots report.

6 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT – EIA & SIA

Task 6.01 Public consultation, social impacts discussion

The Socio-economist and the Environmentalist will fulfill this Task, Public consultations of
stakeholders are strategic for the double purpose of preventing or mitigating adverse impacts and
highlighting the benefits at grass-roots level. The Consultant will identify stakeholders to invite to
three Scoping Sessions/Public Consultations. The attendance will be selected jointly with ERA
branches and Local Authorities. The Socio-economist and the Environmentalist will prepare a
report summarizing the sessions, for ERA review and approval.
Task 6.03 Evaluation of the economic benefits of local communities
The Transport Economist and the Socio-Economist will evaluate the impact of road rehabilitation on
the baseline economic condition of local communities. The projection at the planning horizons will be
worked out on the basis of the macroeconomic forecasts of rural and urban economic sectors.

Task 6.04 Assessment of social impacts on gender & vulnerable groups

This Task will be carried out by the [Link] socio-cultural impacts will be qualitatively
assessed in terms of improved welfare. Quantitative estimates would be speculative and poorly
reliable

Task 6.05 Evaluation of the economic impacts on formal economic activities

This Task will be carried out by the Transport economist in collaboration with the Socio-
[Link] positive impacts on formal economic activities will likely be noticeable, their
quantification and the projection at the project time horizon will be worked out on the basis of
the macroeconomic projections of the concerned sector.

Task 6.06 Evaluation of socioeconomic impacts due to road safety improvement

This Task will be carried out by the socio-economist in collaboration with the transport
economist,Traffic accidents will diminish, generating remarkable benefits. The projection to the
project time horizon of the positive economic impacts is also linked to the future enforcement of
the traffic control regulations to prevent vehicles overloading. In projecting the benefits
originated by the diminution of road accidents the Consultant will carefully weigh the
abovementioned factor.

Task 6.07 Identification of measures to mitigate impacts on HIV/Aids issues

This Task will be carried out by the sociologist. On the basis of the current situation of the
sexually transmitted diseases the consultant will make proposals to mitigate the impacts that
construction works may cause on this issue.

Task 6.08 Ecological impacts assessment

The Environmentalist will analyze the ecological impacts of each project alternative, separating
the positive and the negative ones, as well as the direct, indirect, cumulative and induced effects.
These will be ranked by size and intensity and illustrated by diagrams, charts and maps of sites
where major impacts are likely to occur. The area affected and the technical characteristics of the
impacts will also be described, in line with ERA procedures, duly considering previous studies.

Task 6.09 Identification and EMP of mitigation measures of ecological impacts

The Environmentalist, on the basis of the identified impacts, will develop, for each road
rehabilitation alternative, measures to be incorporated in the final engineering design of the road
for preventing or mitigating any adverse effects of road works and use on the natural and human
milieu. The proposed measures will be structured into a EMP divided in two stages addressing
separately the construction and service phases of the Project road.

Task 6.10 Physical impacts assessment

This Task will be carried out by the environmentalist in collaboration of the hydrologist and the
geotechnical engineer. The same approach and equally detailed formats for analysis of the
impacts used for the ecological impacts, will be used for physical impact assessment.

Task 6.11 Identification and EMP of mitigation measures of physical impacts

The Environmentalist, with the Hydrologist and the Geotechnical Engineer, on the basis of the
identified physical impacts, will develop for each road rehabilitation alternative, measures to be
incorporated in the final engineering design of the road to prevent or mitigate any adverse effects
on hydro-geomorphologic processes. The mitigation measures will be structured into a EMP
divided in two stages addressing separately the construction and service phases of the Project.

7 ECONOMIC APPRAISAL OF IMPROVEMENT ALTERNATIVES

Task 7.02 Definition of maintenance strategies

The Team leader and the Pavement Engineer on the basis of the documentation and according to
the maintenance principles set out in RSDP III, will study the alternative maintenance strategies.
The proposed alternatives will be presented to ERA for approval.

8 FINANCIAL EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENT ALTERNATIVES

Task 8.04 Assessment of overloading impacts on maintenance costs

This Task will be carried out by the Material Engineer in collaboration with the traffic engineer.
Based on the experience documented in previous studies the Consultant will investigate the
extent to which vehicle overloading will impose additional damage on the roads and estimate the
incremental increase in the cost of road maintenance that would result from overloaded vehicles.

* * *
 Work Plan – Phase 2 DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN

10 DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN

Task 10.01 Detailed topographic survey and digital mapping

The Senior Surveyor will supervise the execution of the surveys.
The detailed field surveys will include the following activities:
i. Verification and increase of the vertical and horizontal control points of the preliminary
topographic survey. Primary control points will be laid down at intervals of 3 to 5 km using
differential GPS techniques and connected to the National Survey Grid, with levels related to
the National Benchmarks and counterchecked at four national grid control stations.
ii. Surveyed route corridor extended for a minimum of 35m on each side of the centerline.
iii. The width of the surveyed corridor will be widened appropriately where developments
and / or encroachments have resulted in a requirement for adjustment in the alignment, or
where it is felt that the existing alignment can be improved upon through minor adjustments.
iv. At road intersections, the survey will extend for at least 100m either side of the centre
line to allow improvements, including at grade intersection to be designed.
v. A continuous open traverse along the road and its realignments, fixing all cardinal points –
at horizontal intersections (HIP), centre points and transit points, etc., - referencing the same
with a pair of pillars fixed on either side of the centre-line at safe places within the ROW.
vi. Collection of details for all structures (bridges, culverts etc.), access roads, footpaths,
streams, drains electric and telephone utilities (O/H and underground), huts, buildings,
fencing and any other private facilities, trees with diameter > 0.5m, etc. falling within the
extent of survey.
vii. Land usages as cemeteries, irrigation facilities, wells, markets, fields, cultivations, forest,
etc.
viii. Longitudinal section levels along final centre line at every 20-25 m interval, at the
locations of curve points, small streams, and intersections and at the locations of change in
elevation.
ix. Cross sections every 25 m interval covering sufficient number of spot levels on the existing
carriageway and adjacent. Cross sections will be taken at closer interval at curves.
x. Elaboration of a DTM and contoured topographic map.
xi. Land taking plan indicating the proposed RoW required by the project together with any
other land required for ancillary activities. The plan will provide details of all affected plots
(plot number, description, land use, area etc.) and other relevant information.
xii. Bridges and major culvert sites will be surveyed and mapped at a scale of 1:500 with contour
lines at 0.5m intervals or greater in steeper sites. Each site survey will be tied to the primary
traverse.
xiii. Benchmarking of control traverse points with steel pins embedded in in-situ cast
concrete.
xiv. Right-of-way staking of existing and proposed RoW.
The data will be laid out on plans at 1:2000 scale for further detailed design use. The Final
Topographic Survey Report will be submitted to ERA in Month 7 of Phase 2 and, will include the
following:
 Field data files will be submitted in a raw, unedited format, with legible copies of all field notes.
 The adjusted coordinates, elevations and descriptions of Primary Control Points will be submitted in
ASCII file formatted with Point Number, Northing (Y), Easting (X), Elevation (Z) Description/Comment.
 The DTM of the whole route in a format compatible with design software.
 Description of topographic tools and copy of certificates issued by the Metrology Authority.
Task 10.02 Soil and material detailed assessment and analysis
The Pavement and the Geotechnical Engineers will draw the detailed soil & material
investigations relying on the preliminary geotechnical investigations of Phase 1 (Tasks 5.03 and
5.04).
This Task articulates in a 4-step sequence (Sub-tasks):
i. Preparation and implementation of the program for in-situ and laboratory tests,
ii. Analysis and interpretation of geotechnical tests,
iii. Recommendations for earth works, pavement, structures foundations and material
sources,
iv. Technical specifications for soil treatment, borrow materials and workmanship.
Highlight of investigations. of the selected alignment, including in-situ and laboratory trials. Test
types and frequencies will comply with ERA Manual. 1 Should the expressway be opted for, the
schedule will differ from that of the road widening option. In any case, tests will have high
accuracy, coverage and applicability to support the detailed design, as outlined in Table 16 .
Table 16: Program for detailed geotechnical investigations
SOILS and MATERIALS TYPE of TEST No.(a)
Digging ,description of layer composition and sampling 408
Soil Class (Atterberg limit) 408
1. SUBGRADE AND Linear Shrinkage 102
EXISTING PAVEMENT
In-situ density and moisture content 82
Trial pits (one every 500m) Modified Proctor for MDD and OMC Determination 82
4-days soaked CBR 3-point for determination of CBR at 93%, 95%,
82
and 97% of MDD, including swell recording
Wet Sieve Analysis 20
2. TEST ON EXISTING Atterberg Limit 20
PAVEMENT MATERIALS Modified Proctor for MDD and OMC determination 10
(Base and Subbase) 4-days soaked CBR 3-point for determination of CBR at 93%, 95%,
10
and 97% of MDD, including swell recording
Collection of samples 30
Wet Sieve Analysis 30
3. FILL MATERIALS Atterberg limit 30
FOR EMBANKMENT
Linear Shrinkage 30
Every 7-km Modified Proctor for MDD and OMC determination 30
4-days soaked CBR 3-point for determination of CBR at 93%, 95%,
30
and 97% of MDD, including swell recording
Collection of samples 52
4. MATERIALS FOR Sieve Analysis 52
SUBBASE
Every 15-km, 4 samples from
Atterberg limit 52
each site. All will be tested Modified Proctor for MDD and OMC determination 26
for for 3-point CBR 4-days soaked CBR 3-point for determination of CBR at 93%, 95%,
26
and 97% of MDD, including swell recording
5. MATERIALS FOR Collection of samples 12
GRANULAR BASE Los Angeles Abrasion Tests 12
AND BITUMINOUS LAYERS Aggregate Crushing Value 12
(HARD ROCK)
SSS 12
Every 30 km, two Bituminous Affinity and Water Absorption 12
samples each site
Flakiness Index 12
Phase Organic 6
6. SAND AND WATER
Chloride SSS 6
1
ERA Site Investigation Manual – Chapters 4&5, and Appendices
 SOILS and MATERIALS TYPE of TEST No.(a)
Sulphate Mortar 6
1. DETAILED
GEO-TECHNICAL
Program for drillings to be decided in agreement with ERA
INVESTIGATION
FOR BRIDGE DESIGN
(a) Provisional quantities subject to road preliminary design outcomes and ERA approval.

The results of tests will be interpreted to draw the soil and material detailed characteristics and
thereby develop recommendations for the design of earthworks, road pavement structure, and
foundation of structures and, for the utilization of construction materials. A global stability
analysis will complete the interpretation of geotechnical investigations. The need for additional
investigation also will be carefully examined and recommendations will be made if appropriate.
The geotechnical investigations and results will be described in the Soil and Material Report seven
months after the commencement of Phase 1I. The analyses of tests results and recommendations
will be edited in the Geotechnical Report to be submitted in Month 8 of Phase 1I.
Final step of the geotechnical study will be the review of the technical specifications for subgrade
treatment, pavement construction and borrow material use. The specifications will include special
workmanship guidelines. The output will be edited in the Geotechnical Review Memorandum.

Task 10.05 Road geometry detail design, drawings & BoQ and Technical Specifications
A. General. This Task will entail two stages: (i) Interim Geometric Design and, after review and
approval by ERA: (ii) Final geometric design. The Interim Design will refine the preliminary design
of the selected alternative in the light of the detailed topographic survey and the centerline of the
selected alternative. The other geometrical features, as cross sections, curves, overtaking lanes,
bus bays, etc., will reflect the approved standards. For difficult terrain, the Consultant will develop
variants. The preliminary bill of quantities will be updated to match the refined geometric design.
The Interim Geometric Design Report will be discussed in a meeting with ERA. All changes
approved in the meeting will be incorporated in the Report, to be submitted in Month 9. The
design will be made with Bentley-MXROAD V8i application or other recommended by ERA. Safety
standards will be applied. The vertical alignment will reflect the designs standard adopted, while
optimizing the earthworks. Geometric design will include:
i. Computer-based analysis of horizontal and vertical alignments from the point of
gradients, curvature, sight distances and drainage requirements
ii. Computer-aided optimization for meeting the standards as per approved standards and
iii. Three-dimensional review for coordinating horizontal and vertical alignments.
B. Urban-crossing design. The following points will be considered in the design of urban sections.
 The development Master Plan of the town
 Existence of non-motorized traffic and need of parking lanes, bus bays and footways
 Assessment of existing junctions and provision of suitable design
 Provision of road furniture like safe drainage, signage and pedestrian crossings and
 Environmental mitigation measures.
C. Bill of quantities. As a final step of the design, the consultant will prepare the BoQ of all work
items and the Special Provisions to Standard Technical Specifications. The drawings
complementing the design will comply with the requirements of the ToR and the formats defined
in the ERA Standard Detail Drawings. Technical notes, calculations and drawings will be presented
in the Final Geometric Design Report will be submitted at the end of Month 11 of Phase 2.

Task 10.06 Pavement detail design, drawings & BoQ and Technical Specifications
The pavement rehabilitation option selected as result of the feasibility stage will be elaborated at
level of detailed design. The guiding principles for pavement design will be structural adequacy,
cost effectiveness of construction and maintenance operations through the maximized use of
local materials. The detailed design documentation will include:
i. Technical notes, calculations and drawings at the scales prescribed by the ToR
ii. Detailed Bill of Quantities
iii. Special Provisions to Standard Technical Specifications
iv. Maintenance recommendations.
The pavement design will be presented in the Final Geometric Design Report, along with the
Detailed Engineering Report, at the end of Month 11 of Phase 2.
Task 10.14 Unit prices analysis

The analysis of unit rates will be prepared for all work items, reflecting basic cost elements (labor,
material equipment overhead and profit) including cost of environmental measures and works
supervision the analysis will specify the foreign and local components of each rate. The detailed
cost schedule of taxes and duties will be shown separately, as well as the local cost component.
The analysis of unit rates will be appended to the Engineering Cost Estimate report.

Task 10.16 Final cost estimate of maintenance works

On the basis of the expected traffic volume a maintenance schedule will be prepared and costed.
Unit prices of maintenance works will be derived from recent contracts and agreed upon with
ERA. The cost estimates will be appended to the Updated Feasibility Report (Task 11.01)

12 UPDATING OF EIA STUDY

12.01 Update of EIA, Environment Management Plan & Environmental Monitoring Plan
The Environmentalist will fulfill this Task and write the Updated EIA Study Report be submitted to
ERA not later than Month 11 of Phase 1I.
The EIA study of the selected alternative at detailed design level will be expanded and the impacts
checked in detail. Later on, the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans will be
prepared as per ERA guidelines.

13 RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN

Land acquisition plan and census of affected persons and properties

Task 13.01
inventory
The socio-economist will be in charge of this task. O the basis of the final topographic survey and
geometric detailed design, the plan will build on the census of persons to be displaced and make
the inventory of damaged properties and productive assets, jointly with Local Authorities. The
data will be edited in the Land Acquisition Plan Report in Months 12 of Phase 2.

Task 13.02 Development of the RAP

The socio-economist will be in charge of this task. The resettlement plan will be based on the
Social Impact Assessment and the Census and Assets’ inventory of affected people. The RAP will
comply with ERA Guidelines, World Bank OP 4.12 and national legislation. The RAP will propose
solutions to the following issues / activities:
i. Identifying the people directly or indirectly affected and the extent and severity of each
impact, both positive and negative and the magnitude of potential loss (total, partially)
ii. Preparing a schedule of all individuals affected by the project
iii. Preparing an inventory of the properties likely to be lost, including houses, croplands and
as well as government properties, both in urban and rural areas
iv. Proposing mitigating measures for people harmed by the project and cost implications
v. Determining the potential land acquisition and resettlement and rehabilitation needs,
estimating the value of affected buildings and trees and compensation for land taking
vi. Proposing an implementation and monitoring plan for the mitigating measures,
The outcome will be presented in the Resettlement Action Plan Report in Month 11 of Phase 2.

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