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ABB PowerTEC
Shaping the future power landscape
Training programme
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3 JULY 2019
ABB High Voltage Circuit Breakers
Design
Mohammedi Raja, Design/LTB
Role of a Circuit Breaker
400 kV Transmission
substation
Transformer
245/132 kV
132/66/33 kV
Main
substation
Secondary
substation 11 kV
Distribution
substation
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 2
1
Role of a Circuit Breaker
Incoming line
Ground wire
Outgoing line
Transformer
CVT
CVT
BPI
DS
CT
DS
CB
DS
DS
CB
SA
CT
SA
SA
Role of a Circuit Breaker SA
• A mechanical device capable of making, carrying and
breaking currents under normal conditions as well as
under specified abnormal conditions such as those of
short circuit.
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 4
2
Role of a Circuit breaker
§ Offer least resistance to current flow when closed
§ Provide isolation when open
§ Must be capable of interrupting various types of currents
§ Must open fast and safe during short circuits
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 5
Role of a Circuit Breaker
Fault Occurs
Relay
• Senses and Circuit Breaker
Contact Closes • Trip Coil Energises
• Operating Mechanism Starts
• Contacts Separate
• Arcing between Contacts
• Arc Extinguishes
• CB Fully Opens Fault cleared
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 6
3
Interrupting Principles
§ Oil
§ Air break (magnetic included)
§ Air blast
§ SF6 Puffer
§ SF6 Self Blast (Auto-puffer)
§ Vacuum
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 7
Design features Puffer
interrupters
1) Upper current carrier
2) Stationary arcing contact
3) Moving arcing contact
4) Puffer volume
5) Lower current carrier
6) Nozzle
7) Stationary main contact
8) Moving main contact
9) Puffer cylinder
10) Refill valve
11) Stationary piston
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 8
4
SF6 Puffer Interrupter
Current Breaking Operation
Ø Tripping started SF6 gas
compression
(from
operating
Ø As the moving assembly is mechanism
drawn towards the open energy)
position, the refill valve is
forced to close.
Ø Compression of SF6 gas
inside puffer cylinder
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 9
SF6 Puffer Interrupter Current Breaking Operation
Ø Arcing stage Arc SF6 flow
through
Ø Gas pressure nozzle
in the puffer
volume SF6 gas
continues to compression
(from
increase
operating
mechanism
Ø Interruption at energy)
current zero
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 10
5
SF6 Puffer Interrupter
Current Breaking
Operation
Full
Ø Lower conductivity system
prevents current voltage
continuity
Ø At that time the circuit
breaker must withstand
full system voltages
across open contact
gap.
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 11
SF6 Puffer Interrupter
Current Breaking Operation
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 12
6
Design features Auto-Puffer™
interrupters
1) Upper current carrier
2) Stationary arcing contact
3) Moving arcing contact
4) Auto-Puffer volume
5) Puffer volume
6) Refill valve
7) Stationary piston
8) Nozzle
9) Stationary main contact
10) Moving main contact
11) Auto –puffer valve
12) Puffer cylinder
13) Over pressure relief valve
14) Lower current carrier
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 13
SF6 Auto-puffer Interrupter
Fault Current or high current
Operation
Ø Tripping started
Ø Fault current starts to heat SF6 in self
blast volume.
Ø Puffer cylinder moves down on
opening
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 14
7
SF6 Auto-puffer Interrupter
Fault Current or high
current Operation
Ø High temperature of arc begins
to heat SF6 gas Arc
Ø Pressure inside auto puffer and
puffer volume increase SF6 gas
compression
Ø Auto puffer valve close
Ø Due to high pressure of gas In
puffer volume open the
overpressure relief valve.
Ø Interruption at current zero
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 15
SF6 Auto-puffer Interrupter
Fault Current or high
current Operation
Full Refill
Ø At closing refill valve
system
valve open , so gas open
voltage
can be drawn into
puffer and auto
puffer volume
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 16
8
SF6 Auto-puffer Interrupter
Fault Current or high current Operation
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 17
SF6 Auto-puffer Interrupter
Low current operation
Ø Not sufficient gas generated by the heat of the arc to close
auto puffer valve.
Ø One large puffer volume
Ø Withstand rated dielectric levels.
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 18
9
SF6 Auto-puffer Interrupter
Low Current Operation
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 19
Time graph of Breaker close position to open position
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 20
10
Time graph of Breaker open position to close position
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 21
Construction of SF6 Circuit Breaker
Ø The main parts of circuit
breaker:
1) Breaking unit(Arc chamber)
2) Support pole column
(post insulator)
3) Operating Mechanism
4) Structure
11
Construction of Breaking unit (Arc Chamber)
•Desiccant container
•Fixed arcing contact
•Fixed main contact
•Main Nozzle &
Auxiliary Nozzle
•Moving main
contact
•Moving arcing
contact
Closed Open
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 23
Construction of Support pole column
(post insulator)
• Arc Chamber
Upper Terminal
Fixed Contact
Moving Contact
• Earth Insulation
Lower Terminal
Operating rod
• Mechanism
Housing
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 24
12
LTB portfolio 2010
[kA]
80
HPL B1 HPL B2
63 HPL B4
HPL B2 w/o CAP
50
(SPO BLK /TPO BLG)
40
LTB E2 (BLG)
LTB E4 (BLG)
31,5
LTB D1
LTB D1
ED
LTB E1
72 145 170 245 300 420 550 800 1100 [kV]
*Ratings valid at -30°C and 50Hz.
LTB Ratings
Characteri 72.5 kV 145 kV 245 kV 420 kV 800 kV
stic/
Voltage
Type EDF SK 1- LTB LTB LTB 420(T)E2 LTB
1 145D1/B 245E1 800(T)E4
Rated 2500A 3150A 4000 A
Current
SC Current 31.5kA 40kA 50 kA
Making 78.75kA 100kA 125 kA
current
BIL 325kV 650kV 1050 kV 1425 kV 2100 kV
Drive Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring/
one per
phase
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 26
13
EDF SK 1 – 1
Ø Outdoor
Ø 52 – 72.5 kV
Ø 31.5 kA, 50Hz
Ø 25 kA, 60Hz
Ø Spring operated mechanism (FSA)
Ø 1, 2 or 3-pole operation
Ø Governing standard: IEC 62271 –
100
EDI SK 1 – 1
Ø Indoor
Ø Truck Design
Ø 36-72.5kV
Ø 31.5 kA, 50Hz
Ø 25 kA, 60Hz
Ø 2000 A
Ø Spring operated mechanism(FSA)
Ø Governing standard: IEC 62271 – 100
14
LTBD1/B : Pole beam version
Ø Voltage 145 kV
Ø Normal current 3150A
Ø Breaking current 40 kA
Ø Making current 100 kAp
Ø Frequency 50 Hz
Ø Governing standard IEC62271-
100
LTBD1/B : Three column stand version
Ø Voltage 145 kV
Ø Normal current 3150
Ø Breaking current 40 kA
Ø Making current 100 kAp
Ø Frequency 50 Hz
Ø Governing standard
IEC62271-100
15
LTB 145 D1/B, three-pole operation with FSA1
LTB245E1
Ø Voltage 245 kV
Ø Normal current 4000 A
Ø Breaking current 40 kA
Ø Making current 100 kAp
Ø Frequency 50 Hz
Ø Governing standard IEC62271-
100
16
LTB420E2
Ø Voltage 420 kV
Ø Normal current 4000 A
Ø Breaking current 50 kA
Ø Making current 125 kAp
Ø Frequency 50 Hz
Ø Governing standard IEC62271-100
LTBE4 Circuit Breaker
Ø 800 kV
Ø 50 kA at –30 oC
Ø 40 kA at –40 oC
Ø 4000 A
Ø Spring operated
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 34
17
Operating Mechanism
The operating mechanism used in circuit breaker are:
Ø FSA for 72.5ED,145D1 & 245E1
Ø BLG for 245E1 (TPO), 420E2 & 800E4
Ø MSD for 245E1 & 420E2
Ø BLK for 245E1 (SPO)
Construction of Operating Mechanism (FSA1)
Main shaft Main shaft
Warm Counter
gear Position indicator
Spring charge
indicator Closing
Manual lever
Switching
Closing
Opening shaft Trip coil 1
operation
lever lever Trip
Hydraulic
damper coil 2
Closing
Motor Closing coil
spring
Trip
Manual spring
Auxiliary
contacts Opening
operation
lever
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 36
18
Operation of Operating mechanism
•A universal charging motor “charges” closing spring
•The limit switch disconnects power to motor after
the closing spring is charged.
•When the closing coil is energized the closing latch (catchgear)
releases energy of closing spring
•The opening spring is charged during this closing operation.
•When the trip coil is energized, the trip latch (catchgear) releases
energy of opening spring.
EDF FSA.exe
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 37
Main features
Ø Spring Operated Mechanism
Ø The design incorporates an improved Auto-puffer interrupter based on
experience gained from previous interrupter designs
Ø Low over-voltages when switching inductive currents due to optimum
quenching at current zero
Ø High security against gas leakage due to double X-rings in all dynamic
seals and double O-rings in static seals
Ø Low noise level due to low mechanical energy required for operation
Ø Easy installation and commissioning. Each circuit breaker is pre-tested
and shipped to erection site in form of a few pre-assembled units
Ø Optional synchronized switching due high accuracy and consistency
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 38
19
Routine tests on Circuit Breaker
Ø Dielectric
test on main circuit( Power
frequency test )
Ø Test on auxiliary and control circuit ( 2kV
test)
Ø Contact resistance measurement
Ø SF6 leakage ( Tightness )
Ø Mechanical Operating times
Ø Visual checks
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 39
Pre-commissioning
Ø Check erection as per general arrangement drawing
Ø Fill
SF6 gas to nominal pressure according to pressure -
temperature curve
Ø Check pressure after one hour and correct
Ø Check for leakage
Ø Check wiring according to schematic
Ø Trial mechanical operations
Ø Measure breaker operating timings
Ø Check antipumping feature
Ø Check for leakage
Ø Record all measurements
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 40
20
© ABB Group
July 3, 2019 | Slide 41
21
