Quarter 1

What This Module is About

Welcome to this module. You will start with the vocabulary development activities. The activities in
this module have been designed to provide you with learning experiences that will help you
communicate better in English.
Vocabulary development is the process of a person increasing the number words which he
or she uses in everyday life. Many people use websites and books to improve vocabulary, and
doing so can increase a person’s ability to communicate through verbal or written language.
Generally, vocabulary development really refers to the process of widening a person’s vocabulary,
but it can also mean the literal or the initial forming of a vocabulary (Lee Johnson, May14, 2020)
Reading books and looking up unfamiliar words is a good way to improve one’s vocabulary.

This module contains learning objectives that are set for you to learn.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

a. Determine the meaning of idiomatic expressions by noting context clues and collocations.
(EN8Via-10.2)
b. Use appropriate strategies in unlocking the meaning of unfamiliar words and idiomatic
expressions. (EN8V- Ie-4)
c. Determine the meaning of words and expressions that reflect the local culture by context
clues. (EN8V-lf-6)

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
1. Carefully read all the lessons.
2. Take your time on going thru each lesson.
3. Answer the pretest honestly. The purpose of the pretest is for you to determine your prior
knowledge before going thru the lessons and activities.
4. If you have a hard time understanding the lessons and activities, please do take a break.
Having breaks between lessons and activities will give you some space where you can absorb the
lesson well.
5. You can use the internet if you need more information about the lesson.
Pre-Test
Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the beginning part of the sentence and decipher what the next part would
be to make sense the whole thought. Circle the letter of your choice.
1. It’s raining cats and dogs, so
A. take an umbrella B. keep your pets aside.
C. watch out for falling animals.
2. When I heard the poem, some of the lines rang a bell and
A. sounded very beautiful. B. I thought I’d heard it somewhere before.
C. some of them beat a drum.
3. Helen is a fair-weather friend that’s why
A. we got out only when the weather is fine.
B. she is the person who I can trust
C. I can’t rely on her in difficult situations.
4. Mike and Kate decided to tie the knot because
A. it became undone B. they loved each other.
C. they needed some money
5. If someone is pulling my leg it means
A. he’s massaging it. B. we are doing gymnastics.
C. he’s joking.

II. Choose the synonym of the word in UNDERLINE form. Encircle the word.
6. whirl clean help spin
7. declare state food bend
8. grin drag like smile
9. engine van motor car
10. raise rain trail lift

III. Context Clues

11. Our house is cramped. At night, there is no enough room for all of us to stretch out.
a. warm b. poor c. cold d. crowded
12. The stone wall was like a snake which writhed across the entire land.
a. twisted b. crawled c. continued d. flowed
13. His footfalls echoed through the corridor or passage way.
a. room b. hallway c. wall d stair
14. Raffy is a gregarious character, always reaching out to others and enjoying their
company.
a. nature b. ignorant c. sociable d. happy
15. The patient succumbed after putting up a heroic, week-long battle against death.
a. fainted b. slept c. cried d. died

IV. WORDS: Two or More Meanings

Look at the following words. Next to each number are two meanings for each
word above. Decide which word goes with the two meanings
racket plane lumber bore lodge
_______ 16. “it flies in the sky” and “a tool to shave wood”
_______ 17.” wood to build with” and “to walk clumsily”
_______ 18. “a noisy uproar” and “equipment used in tennis”
_______ 19. “to not interest to someone” and “to make a hole with a drill”
_______ 20. “a house in the woods” and “to live in a rented room”
 Lesson Determining the meaning of
idiomatic expressions by noting
1 context clues and collocations
What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will be acquainted with idiomatic expressions. In the following activities,
you will be able to determine the meaning of idiomatic expressions through context clues and/or
through collocations without necessarily going through the dictionary of idioms.

What’s New?

Activity 1: If Idioms Were Literal

Directions: Look at each idiom in each picture. What does each expression suggest?
Choose your answer considering the literal meaning of the expression.

1. 2.

3-4.

_______1. A. walking mind A. lost mind

_______2. A. dancing cats and dogs B. falling cats and dogs
_______3. A. dilapidated school C. not young school
_______4. A. Daddy is coated with sugar D. Daddy is sugar

Don’t they sound funny? Yes, they do. In English, if idioms are literally taken, they lose their
meaning.
What Is It
Let’s Differentiate

Let us differentiate first collocation and context clues. This will help you to decipher the idiomatic
expressions in the succeeding activities.

A Collocation Context clues

is two or more words that often are hints that the author gives to
go together. These combinations help define a difficult or unusual
just sound "right" to native English word. The clue may appear
speakers, who use them all the within the same sentence as the
time. On the other hand, other word to which it refers, or it may
combinations may be unnatural follow in a preceding sentence.
and just sound "wrong".
([Link]
([Link] materials/[Link])
y/[Link])

Types of How it is used in the

Context clues sentence
natural English unnatural English...
Words with the same
Synonym meaning is used in
the sentence.
the fast train the quick train Words with opposite
fast food quick food antonym meaning is used in
the sentence.

Explanation/ Unfamiliar word is

explained within the
a quick a fast shower Definition sentence.
shower a fast meal
a quick meal Specific examples
example are used to define a
term.
Idioms involve collocation of special kind.
Activity 2. Practice Collocation

Directions: Write your answer on the spaces below. Please answer numbers 1 to 16.

Write your answers on the spaces before the number.

_____________1. ____________9.

_____________2. ____________10.

_____________3. ____________11.

_____________4. ____________12.

_____________5. ____________13.

_____________6. ____________14.

_____________7. ____________15.

_____________8. ____________16.
What’s More
Activity 3: Let us analyze!

Direction: Write the context clue on the blank opposite each picture. Then choose the
meaning from the choices given. Circle the letter of your choice.

What is the context clue?

__________________________
__________________________
What is the meaning?
A. go to bed
B. have a shower
1. C. take a rest

What is the context clue?

___________________________
___________________________
What is the meaning?
A. exciting and thrilling
B. easy and comfortable
2. C. relax and quiet

What is the context clue?

__________________________
__________________________
What is the meaning?
A. highly admired
B. greatly honored
3. C. greatly loved

What is the context clue?

__________________________
__________________________
What is the meaning?
A. to reach with a blow
B. to study hard
4. C. to bang the book

What is the clue?

__________________________

__________________________

What is the meaning?

A. feeling sick
B. plenty of work
5. C. got wet in the rain
What’s More
Activity 4: Let’s Hunt!
Direction: In the following sentences, look for the idioms and colocation. Write your answer
in the table below.
1. I think I’ll make hay while the sun shines and get started on the gardening.
2. The new assistant always works late – he’s a real eager beaver. He feels the need to do something.
3. My car always acts up on a long journey. Can I take up some of your time to check on my car?
4. We were told there was a bomb in that parcel but it was a false alarm. I felt some relief when it was
confirmed there was not any.
5. It would be interesting to know what goes on behind the scenes at the back stage.
Idioms Collocation
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

What’s More: Figurative Language

Figurative Language uses words or expressions to convey a meaning that is different from
the literal interpretation.

Idiomatic Expressions Meaning

Down to earth practical person
Eat your words accept that you are wrong about something you said
Taking a big step make a big change
Feeling blue sad
Hanging out spending time with someone
Tongue-tied difficulty in expressing oneself because of nervousness or
embarrassment
Hold your horses wait a moment; don’t go so fast
A cat’s nap a short sleep taken during the day
Dead wood people or things which are no longer useful or necessary
 Fish out of water feeling uncomfortable in unfamiliar surroundings

Activity 5. Match to Make Sense

Match the idiom in Column A that will complete the sentence and make sense in Column B. Write the
appropriate idiomatic expression in the blank.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. I never had a fight with my Mama before. It was the first time I
answered her back and it hurt her feelings. I was _____________ the
A. dead wood whole time we were not in speaking terms.
2. Seera is home alone. Her Mother and two younger siblings went to
B. eat your the farm to take their father’s merienda and lunch. Not doing
words anything, Seera took ______________ while there was nothing to do
now.
C. hanging 3. While we were growing up, Lola Iska would always remind us to
out study well so that we would have a good future. But my brother
Bobby would ignore her advices and told Lola, “Your time is different
D. down to from our time now. I will not fail even if I do not take my studies
earth seriously.” I turned to Bobby and told him, “Just make sure you do not
________________.
E. feeling 4. Mila belongs to a well-to-do family. She has everything that she
blue needs. But she never wasted anything even a piece of paper that
could still be recycled. She is ___________________.
F. taking a 5. Rizo saw his brother sneaked out of the house at night. He could not
big leap tell his mother and father because he was scared of his brother.
When her mother asked where his brother was, Rizo was
G. a cat’s nap ________________.
6. Glema is from the barrio with simple way of life.. She grows up with
H. hold your her parents, siblings and friends around. Her aunt is taking her to
horses Manila and will enroll her in a big school in the city. She is
____________________ as she enters the big school in a busy city.
I. tongue- 7. Aunt Merla is fond of keeping things. I see them as good as garbage.
tied But she will not throw them away. I think those things are
___________________.
J. fish out of 8. Dingdong has several friends. Sometimes they go out swimming or
water watching movies together. Most of all, they love _____________ in
his place because his mother prepares them nice meal.
9. May and April are excited about the surprise for their mother on
Sunday. They are not allowed to tell her any hint about it until the
very day. They cannot wait for the day so they rush to their mother
and just as they are about to open their mouth their big sister told
them to “_______________”.
10. Rownah is a transferee from a small barrio. Her new school has
many students, ten times the number of those in her previous school.
The buildings are high and she does not know her way around. She
 feels like a ___________________.

What I can Do
Activity 6. Why Not Sing the Idioms?

Directions: The song below contains idiomatic expressions. Underline at least ten (10)
idioms that you find in the lyric of the song Idioms by Melissa Corbett

Idioms by Melissa Corbett

Refrain:

My family can be so confusing!

Sometimes their words don’t mean what they say!
When it’s an idiom they’re choosing,
Misunderstanding gets in the way!

I. My dad said, “It’s raining cats and dogs now.”

So I ran outside just to see.
I got really drenched in the rainstorms,
But I never saw Spot or Fifi.

II. “You crack me up!” my grandma said.

After I told her one of my best jokes.
She was still all in one piece.
If I crack her up, she never broke.

(Refrain)

[Link] mom said to hit the sack.

My dad said to hit the hay.
I swung with my very best aim,
But they made me go to bed anyway!

IV. When my brother said he’d toss his cookies,

He put his hands over his lips,
Up came macaroni and cheese,
But I never saw one chocolate chip.

(Refrain)

V. You’re barking up the wrong tree,

You hit the nail on head.
This cake is out of this world.
Why can’t we speak English instead?

VI. Just go fly a kite!

You’re bouncing off the walls!
You’re up the creek without a paddle?
Why must we use idioms at all?
 Lesson Using Appropriate Strategies in
Unlocking the meaning of unfamiliar
2 words and idiomatic expressions
What’s In
Activity 1: Meaning of Words through Context Clues

Directions:Read the paragraph carefully before you write the letter of the word or group words
that completes each of the following sentences. Write the letter of your choice.
1) When things go wrong as they sometimes will, when the road you are trudging seems all
uphill; when the fruits are low, and the debts are high, when problems are pressing you down a
bit, rest if you must but you must not quit. 2) Success is a failure turned inside out 3) There is
the silver tints of clouds of doubt. 4) However, you can never tell how close you are because
success could be very near when it comes too far. 5) So stick to the fight when you are hardest
hit. 6) It is when things go wrong that you must not quit.

Write the letter of the word or phrase that has the same meaning of the italicized word.

1. The word trudging as used in sentence1 means _____

a. gliding painfully c. running carefully
b. jumping joyfully d. walking slowly

2. The word uphill as used in the passage means ___

a. easy b. land c. difficult d. refreshing

3. The opposite of the word continue is ___

a. doubts b. low c. quit d. wrong

4. To doubt means to be ____

a. unequal b. unfit c. uneasy d. unsure

5. I like golden tint in my blouse. The word tint means ___

a. light shade of a color c. fine embroidery
b. bright shade of a color d. attractive print

Directions: Write the letter of your choice that is closest in meaning to the italicized word.

6. He is an agile basketball player. He moves easily and quickly on the hard court.
a. strong b. fast c. experienced d. powerful

7. I had made this request before but I should like to reiterate it now.
 a. explain b. ask c. prove d. repeat

8. The meticulous student reviewed his test paper so carefully that there was not a
single error to be found.
a. intelligent b. punctual c. careful d. observant
9. Government is trying hard to ameliorate the housing condition of the urban poor
by building low cost houses.
a. improve b. lessen c. end d. raise

10. The firemen heard the occupants of the burning building shouting and coughing.
The smoke was suffocating them.
a. choking b. helping c. burning d. heating

ACTIVITY 2: SYNONYMS (Words with the same meaning)

Read the following sentences. In each sentence is a book title and an underlined word. Find
a word in the book title that is synonym for the underlined word.

11. The Middle Planet is on the center shelf.

12. The Chuckle Book will make you laugh.
13. Repair It Yourself tells how to fix a bike.
14. The Trembling House will have you shaking with fear.
15. You are sure to like Certain to Win.
16. Rush to buy Horse in a Hurry.

ACTIVITY 3: ANTONYMS (Words with opposite meaning)

Look at the following lists of words. Each word in List A has an antonym in List B. Write the
antonym of each word in List A before the number.

A B
17. interested clumsy
[Link] calm
[Link] finale
[Link] harsh
[Link] bored
[Link] tiny

ACTIVITY 4: WORD PARTS [Prefix and Suffix]

There are three types of word parts that may be combined to form new words: a root, a
prefix, and a suffix. You already know how to build words using prefixes and suffixes, this
time, you will learn about improving your vocabulary using roots. Choose the letter of your
choice.

34. If you take away the prefix im- from the word impossible, what is the root word?
a. possible b. posible c. possibility
35. What do you do if you reread a book?
a. read it again b. read for the first time c. don’t read it
36. If you take the prefix il- from the word illegal, what is the root word?
a. llegal b. legal c. legall
37. If you wanted to say someone is not helpful, which word would you use?
a. inhelpful b. unhelpful c. ilhelpful
38 If you add the prefix im- to the word mature what is the correct spelling of the
new word?
 a. imature b. immature c. imaturre

What Is it?
A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound
"right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time.
What’s More
Activity 1: Discover New Words

Directions: Choose the correct meaning of the underlined word using context clues.
Encircle the word.

1. Our baseball team’s pitcher has a few eccentric habits, such as throwing exactly thirteen warm-
up pitches and never wearing socks.
A) normal B. strange C) messy
2. After the heavy rains, the stream became murky; in fact, the water was so cloudy, you couldn’t
see the bottom.
A) cloudy B. bottomless C) clear
3. The debris, on the stadium floor included numerous paper cups, ticket stubs, and cigarette
A) products B) papers C) trash
4. The coach takes every opportunity to censure his players, yet he ignores every opportunity to
praise them.
A) approve of B) criticize C) choose
5. The newlyweds agreed to be very frugal in their shopping because they wanted to save enough
money to buy a house.
A) economical B) wasteful C) interest

Activity 2: Improve Vocabulary Using Word Parts

Directions: As you recall, there are three types of word parts that may be combined to form
new words: a root, a prefix, and a suffix. You already know how to build words using prefixes and
suffixes, this time, you will learn about improving your vocabulary using roots. Choose the letter of
your choice.

6. If a house is disused, it is
a. used a lot b. used from time to time c. no longer used
7. The prefix re- used in the words reopen and reapply means:
a. not b. again c. wrong
8. If you misjudged someone, it means that you
a. didn’t judge him b. judged him wrongly c. judged him again
9. Not to approve of someone means that you
a. unapproved b. disaprove c. disapprove
10. If you defraud someone, it means that you
a. take money from him b. give him money c. assist him

Activity 3: Word Box Of Antonyms

Directions: From the word box, choose the antonym of the underlined word.

WORD BOX

slender genuine ripe truthfulness prejudiced

11. immature [adj., not fully developed]

12. falsehood [n., a lie]
13. stout [adj., fat or thickest in body]
14. unbiased [adj., fair, not partial]
15. counterfeit [adj., copied, false]
What I Have Learned
Activity 1: Define Terms

Choose the letter of your choice.

1. It is the basic unit of word.
a. prefix b. suffix c. root word
2. It is a word part added in front of a root word to make a new word.
a. prefix b. suffix c. root word
3. It is a word part added at the end of a root word to make a new word.
a. prefix b. suffix c. root word
4. These are words that mean the same or nearly the same.
a. context clues b. synonyms c. antonyms
5. It is a word opposite in meaning.
a. context clues b. synonyms c. antonyms
6. It is the statement of an exact meaning of the word.
a. root word b. definition c. idioms
7. It is an expression or phrase that has figurative in meaning.
a. root word b. definition c. idioms

Activity 2: Idioms or Idiomatic Expressions

Directions: For Items 8-17, Choose the letter of the appropriate idiomatic expressions inside
the box.
a. skip class b. brainstorm something c. teacher’s pet d. bookworm e. as easy as ABC
For items 13-17, choose the letter of your choice.
a. cover a lot of ground c. copycat e. pass with flying colors
b. dropout d. eager beaver
 Lesson Determining the Meaning of Words and
Expressions that Reflect the Local
3 Culture by Noting Context Clues

What’s In
Activity 1: Determining the Meaning of Words and Expressions

Directions: Determine the meaning of the underlined words below. Encircle the letter of your
answer.

1. The most iconic phrase coined by the film, The Lion King, is Hakuna Matata.
a. wonderful phrase b. passing craze c. no worries

2. Don’t do that! That’s verboten to African culture.

a. forbidden b. hidden c. heaven

3. The synergetic nature of African society is what made two or more individuals to pool
their resources together and uplift each other economically through osusu, a form of micro
financial capital.
a. government b. micro financial capital c. culture

4. The Western model of beauty is often pictured as slim-looking young ladies who move in
staggered steps however African beauty is epitomized in their mbopo.
a. slim maidens b. young maidens c. fat maidens

5. You are Pumbaa! As your name says, you are foolish, silly, weak-minded, and negligent!
a. foolish b. Zumba c. chilly

What’s New
Words and expressions that reflect the local culture by context clues.
• Some Hindus are vegetarian because they believe it is a way of respecting life.
• If Hindus talk about respect for life, they always remember Mahatma Gandhi.
• Taj Mahal is never forgotten because of the reason why it was built.
• After Mao Zedong’s death, the madness of his Cultural Revolution ended.
• Asians are of different races and shades of skin.
• A recognized Asian leader might initiate or start a conference among his fellow Asian
leaders.
• Some Asian countries, despite their differences, work to achieve unity among Asia.
• Arnold Toynbee often explains to western people that they are only a small minority
of the world – the great world to Asia and Africa.
• Iqbal Masih of Pakistan, a child laborer in 1986, was abused, treated badly by his
employer.
• Children’s exploitation, or unfair treatment made Iqbal work tirelessly to save the
children.
What Is it?
Activity 2: Statement and its meaning

Statement and its meaning using context clues

 Traditionally, lobola was paid in cattle, a valued commodity in many African cultures,
but today many modern couples pay lobola in cash.
[Lobola- traditional custom in African culture]
 Pope John Paul II is an epitome of the word kulturalny. Kulturalny a Polish word
which mean cultivated; having good manners; educated
 They prefer to speak in anyanyelv because they are more comfortable with it than a
second language.
 Traditionally in East Africa, Swahili speaking men wear kanzu. A kanzu is a white or
cream coloured robe worn by men in the African Great Lakes region. It is referred to as a
tunic in English, and as the Thawb in Arab countries. The kanzu is an ankle or floor length
garment.
 French fry is from fried pyra. In Poznan, Poland, pyra is the local word for ‘potato’;
the surrounding region Wielkopolska is famous for potato cultivation.

Activity 3: Distinguishing Synonyms from Antonyms

Directions: Identify how the underlined words are used whether antonyms and
synonyms in the following sentences.

1. Among the people of Africa are the tiny Pygmies and the giant Watusi.
2. What is included and not left out in this continent has been studied.
3. Africa and Asia vied for the honor of being the largest continent and Asia had been
declared
the biggest among the continents.
4. The areas surrounding the deserts are dry and arid.
5. The central part of the continent is hot and humid.

What’s More
Activity 3: Understand Meanings of Words through Synonyms

A. Directions: The sentences are taken from “A Patch of Sky” by Nima Fumio. What is the
synonym of the italicized word in each sentence? Underline the word.

1. To Ryoku’ imagination, the forest was huge- it covered five acres- and reminded
him of some vast, far-stretching range of mountains.

2. The least slip meant a fall or at best slithering down the trunk, one’s arms around
it to avoid toppling off.

3. At the end of the run, he was suddenly afraid. The height of the tree terrified him.

4. Gradually, his fingers were growing numb and could not move.

5. Slowly, cautiously, he came down, not controlling his own descent.

B. Directions: Each italicized word in the following phrase is derived from the selection “The Best
of Asia by Ricardo Saludo”

A B
1. waned as a primary source but _____ as a secondary force a. friendly

2. end the strife and achieve ______ b. expanded

3. long-hositle contries but ______neighbors c. harmony

4. develop the destitute country and make it _______. d. wealthy

[Link] the conflict and establish ______ e. cooperation

g. struggle

What I Have Learned

Activity 1: Multiple Choice

In this lesson, you will be able to understand the meanings of words through their
synonyms. Synonyms are words that have nearly the same meanings. Choose the one that is
closest in meaning to what you want to say.

A. Following is a list of synonyms for ethnic that might be used in sentences from 1 to 5.
Choose the word that best fits each sentence.

1. Most of the Muslims in Thailand are ______________ Malays.

2. The ____________ sites reflect the glories of the civilization.

3. Other ____________ groups in Thailand are the hill tribes.

4. The word Thai which means “freedom” in the Thai language is also the
name of the majority Thai ______________ group.

5. The Thai __________ groups closely observe the practices of their Ancestors.

B. Encircle the letter of the word which does not belong to the group.

6. South Korea has a more democratic form of government than North

Korea. Democratic is
a. self-governing b. self-ruling c. dictatorial
7. These Asian countries have most varied natural resources. Varied means
a. diverse b. solid c. various
8. Bangladesh has 55,599 sq. mi. of total land area. Myanmar has 261, 970 sq.
mi. of land area. Myanmar has a larger land area than Bangladesh. Area
means
a. a geographic region b. water form c. domain
9. Japan has fish for its natural resource. Pakistan has natural gas, oil, and Coal.
Japan has fewer natural resources than Pakistan. Natural may mean
a. developed b. innate c. essential
10. Japanese is 99% among Japan’s ethnic group. Ethnic means
a. racial b. immigrant c tribal
Assessment (Post-Test)

Change each word in heavy type into its antonym. Choose from the prefixes dis, im, ir and
un, then read the paragraph.

The good life is (1) possible in Oak City. People feel (2) safe and (3) comfortable in their
homes. The children are (4) polite. Even the bus service is (5) regular. Everyone shops at (6)
Honest AL’s General Store. People (7) agree that life is great.
Everything has changed. The people are (8) fair. And they are (9) able to enjoy life.
The citizens of Oak City have become (10) patient.

From the box, choose the word that best answer each question.

11. What kind of party do you go to wearing jeans?

Clue: It is the antonym of formal.

12. What do you call a person who likes to share?

Clue: It is the antonym of selfish.

13. What should the driver of a car be?

Clue: It is the antonym of reckless.

14. What are you if you win a prize?

Clue: It is the antonym of unlucky

15. What do you call something of no importance?

Clue: It is the antonym of valuable.
(Science Research Associations, Inc.: ABIVA Publishing House, Inc., 1980)

Choose the word which does not belong to the group. Write the word.

16. Six jugglers paced neatly alongside one another in the parade.
(marched, wandered, paraded, strode)

17. My great-grandfather had to reap the wheat on his family farm with a
(hand scythe. (gather, harvest, pick, plant)

18. She has a slender figure. ( overweight, plump , chubby, slim)

19. The art students were furnished with brushes, crayons, pencils and
various art supplies. ( deprived, divested, provided, dispossessed)

20. The value of that house is close to a million dollars.

(cost, rate, worthlessness, assessment)