CHINA POLICE SYSTEM
A report presented to the faculty of:
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Department of Criminology
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY
Indang, Cavite
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
Under the subject “COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING”
Submitted by:
Magro, Charmice
Punongbayan, Jhonel
Rabino, Ronald Jake
San Miguel, Mandy
BSC 2-5
LESSON: CHINA POLICE SYSTEM
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the discussion, the attendees should be able to:
a. Define and explain the definition of China Police System
TEACHING METHODS AND TECHNIQUES: Combination Method (lecture and
discussion)
REFERENCES:
Police in China - factsanddetails.com. Retrieved September 15, 2019
Comparative-Police-System-LEA.pdf. Retrieved September 15, 2019
https://www.academia.edu/24136337/The_Role_of_the_People_s_Armed_Police_in_C
hinese_Policing. Retrieved September 15, 2019
https://www.slideshare.net/ElissaBanlasan/comparative-policing-system-of-china-and-
philippines. Retrieved September 15, 2019
https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-countries/Asia-South-Pacific/CHINA .
Retrieved September 15, 2019
LEARNING STAGES/STEPS
INTRODUCTION
- Greetings
- Introduction reporter’s identity
- Rapport:
INSTRUCTION
OUTLINE OF DISCUSSION
a. Brief overview of People’s Armed Police Force (PAPF)
b. Organizational structure of the PAPF
c. General requirements to become PAPF
d. Functions and powers
e. Things that a PAPF member should not commit
f. Police Investigation and Training in China, High Tech Police Equipment in China
and Crime Fighting Effort in China
g. Ministry of National Defense, Ministry of Public Security, and Ministry of State
Security
h. Kinds of police, Terms and Rank system in china
OBJECTIVE TEST
10 Items quiz
SUMMARY
Law Enforcement in China is consist of an extensive public security system and
variety of enforcement procedure used to maintain strict order in the country and to
suppress crimes.
The National Security System is made up of the Ministry of State Security,
Ministry of Public Security, and Ministry of National Defense. These three ministry are
the composition of China Police System.
Chinese People's Armed Police Forces is a paramilitary police force headed by
PAP General Wang Ning and Political Commissar PAP General An Zhaoqing under the
Chinese People Liberation Army which is the armed forces of the china. They are
responsible for internal security, riot control, terrorism, etc. It is compose of 1.5 million
police.
CHINA
• Is a communist party
• has a population of 1,336,718,015
• China has the highest number of police officers in the world, standing at about 1.6
million officers in the country’s police force.
• The supreme people’s court is the highest judicial organ of the state
PEOPLE’S ARMED POLICE FORCE
If Philippines has a Philippine National Police, Republic of China has People’s
armed police Force who is the main police force of China. Chinese paramilitary police
force primarily responsible for internal security, riot control, antiterrorism, law
enforcement, and maritime rights protection in China, as well as providing support to the
PLA Ground Force during wartime. The PAP is estimated to have a total strength of 1.5
million. It was established in its current form in 1982, but similar security forces have
operated since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and initially under
the Ministry of Public Security.
COMMAND AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE PAP
TO BE A PEOPLE'S POLICEMAN, ONE MUST MEET THE FOLLOWING
REQUIREMENTS:
a. to be a citizen who has reached the age of 18;
b. to endorse the Constitution of the People's Republic of China;
c. to have fine political and professional quality and good conduct;
d. to be in good health;
e. to have an educational background of senior middle school or above;
f. to become a people's policeman out of his or her own volition
FUNCTIONS AND POWERS:
The people's policemen of public security organs shall, in accordance with the
division of responsibilities, perform the following duties according to law:
a. to prevent, stop and investigate illegal and criminal activities;
b. to maintain public order and stop acts that endanger public order;
c. to ensure traffic safety, maintain traffic order and deal with traffic accidents;
d. to organize and carry out fire prevention and control and supervise routine fire
protection;
e. to control firearms and ammunition, and keep under surveillance knives,
inflammables, explosives, deadly poisons, radioactive materials and other
dangerous articles;
f. to administer special trades and professions as provided by laws and regulations;
g. to serve as bodyguards for persons specially designated by the State and protect
important places and installations;
h. to keep under control assemblies, processions and demonstrations;
i. to administer affairs of household registration, citizens' nationality, and entry into
and exit from the territory, and handle matters concerning aliens' residence and
travel within the territory of China;
j. to maintain public order along the border (frontier) areas;
k. to execute criminal punishment with respect to criminals sentenced to public
surveillance, criminal detention, or deprived of political rights and criminals
serving sentences outside prison, and to exercise supervision over and
inspection of criminals who are granted suspension of execution or parole;
l. to supervise and administer the work of protecting the computer information
system;
m. to guide and supervise the work of security in State organs, public organizations,
enterprises, institutions, and major construction projects; and guide mass
organizations such as public security committees in their work of maintaining
public order and preventing crime; and
n. Other duties as stipulated by laws and regulations.
PEOPLE'S POLICEMEN MAY NOT COMMIT ANY OF THE FOLLOWING ACTS:
a. to spread statements that damage the prestige of the State; to join illegal
organizations; to take part in such activities as assembly, procession and
demonstration; and to take part in strikes;
b. to divulge State secrets or secrets of police work;
c. to practice fraud, conceal facts of a case, cover up or connive at illegal and
criminal activities;
d. to extort confession by torture or subject criminals to corporal punishment or
maltreat them;
e. To unlawfully deprive other people of, or restrict, their freedom of the person, or
illegally search a person, his or her belongings, residence or place.
f. to extort and racketeer, or to demand or accept bribes;
g. to beat up another or instigate him to do so;
h. to illegally impose punishment or collect charges;
i. to attend dinners or accept presents given by the party concerned or his or her
agent;
j. to engage in profit-making activities or to be employed by any individual or
organization;
k. to neglect his or her duty and fail to perform statutory obligations; or
l. Other acts in violation of law and discipline.
POLICE INVESTIGATION AND TRAINING IN CHINA
INVESTIGATION - Chinese police routinely use torture to extract confessions although,
under Chinese law, confessions obtained through torture are supposed to be
inadmissible in court.
In the mid-2000s, the Chinese government said that it would start taping police
interrogations to prevent forced confessions and the use of torture to extract
confessions.
TRAINING - Junior military police offices sometimes have their knees bound with tape
to improve their posture.
Cadets in special anti-terrorist squads have a motorcycles driven over their chest.
Use of martial arts such as Kung Fu for their close combat training.
HIGH TECH POLICE EQUIPMENT IN CHINA
There is widespread use of surveillance cameras in China.
Shenzhen police had access to 20,000 police cameras and 180,000 indoor and
outdoor closed-circuit television cameras owned by businesses and government
agencies and linked into the police system.
Cameras are guided by a sophisticated computer system with software from an
American company that can automatically recognize the faces of police supects and
detect unusual activity.
Carry satellite positioning equipment on their belts that allow their movements to
be tracked on large resolution maps.
When an office goes indoors and cannot be monitored directly by satellite his
location can be determined by tracking his cell phone.
Chinese security agencies are working on a system that allows police to track
individuals using their cell phones.
CRIME FIGHTING EFFORT IN CHINA
Anti-crime campaigns have included parading criminals during public sentencing
in stadiums in major cities such as Guangzhou.
Operation Strike Hard," launched in 1996, was a government crackdown on
corruption, organized crime, smuggling and other crimes. It led to 3,500 executions in
1996 alone.
The relatively well-off town of Aodi in Zhejiang decided to build a “Great Wall’
around the town to keep thieves out.
Using facial recognition to catch a wanted man
Crime-fighting AI is a commonly used trope in both film, television, and anime. Minority
Report, Person of Interest, and the critically acclaimed anime Psycho-Pass have plots
that center around an advanced technological system ( which is usually AI) that can
identify potential criminals.
Though we are not there yet exactly, AI is already becoming a powerful tool for police
officers in China and is getting very close to that possibility, already breaking some
ground.
China’s war on drugs has a new weapon: sewage water
As illegal drug use continues to grow in China, police there have turned to a
new weapon to combat the problem—analyzing sewage water to find traces of
substances like methamphetamine (meth) and ketamine.
While some countries such as Belgium and the Netherlands have been using the
technique for research purposes, China is among the few that are actually setting
policies based on the technique
CHINA’S FIGHT AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Fighting organized crime in China
As technology evolves around the world, new types of transnational organized crime are
appearing in China, particularly in the form of new fraud trends such as pyramid scams,
telecommunications fraud and cybercrime.
China’s other transnational crime challenges include drug trafficking and the security
threat from international terrorism.
The international characteristics of these crime areas and their links with crime networks
around the world make the role of the INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB) in
China fundamental to maintaining national and regional security.
INTERPOL in China
The Chinese NCB plays a central role in preventing the country and surrounding region
from serving international organized crime. By providing globally-sourced intelligence
about regional crime trends, the NCB helps police officers across China detect and
investigate the flow of illicit goods along trafficking routes in and around the country.
The Beijing NCB is part of the International Cooperation Department in China’s Ministry
of Public Security (MPS). It provides national law enforcement agencies with a unique
platform to work with police forces across the globe in preventing and investigating
transnational crime.
The Chinese NCB takes part regularly in global INTERPOL-led police operations,
supporting cooperative efforts to tackle terrorism, cybercrime, drug trafficking,
intellectual property crime and environmental crime.
Law enforcement in China
The MPS is part of the State Council, China’s chief administrative body and principal
police and security authority. National law enforcement services are provided by public
security bureaus, the provincial and municipal public security counterparts which, under
the leadership of local government, operate in the main towns, cities and counties of
China.
MPS is made up of specialized investigation units, which focus on specific forms of
organized crime, including economic crime, cyber security, terrorism, drugs and
smuggling.
There are two million police officers in China. INTERPOL Beijing has two sub bureaus,
each with delegated regional authority in the special administrative regions of Hong
Kong (China) and Macao (China).
MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE, MINISTRY OF PUBLIC SECURITY, AND
MINISTRY OF STATE SECURITY
Ministry of National Defense - is the top of the hierarchy with judicial and public
security agencies such as Ministry of Public safety and the Ministry of State Security.
The Ministry of Public Security (MPS) is the main agency responsible for local law
enforcement in China. The ministry governs the local Public Security Bureaus
(PSBs) around the country, which can be compared to police stations in other nations.
Expats have to head to their local PSB in order to register their residence, for instance.
Police officers from the local PSB typically wear blue uniforms.
The Ministry of State Security (MSS), on the other hand, is rather responsible for
political security in the country. It also handles matters of foreign intelligence. Note that
officers of the MSS have the same right as those of the PSB to detain anybody
suspected of a crime in China that might threaten the security of the state.
KINDS OF POLICE
People’s Armed Police (PAP) - 1980’s deals with domestic disturbances, acts as riot
police and guard’s government compounds and foreign embassies. Usually handles
border defense but is called sometimes to back up local police.
State Security Police - (1983) safeguards state security, prevent foreign espionage,
sabotage and conspiracies. Under the Ministry of State Security and directly
accountable to the State council.
Prison Police - a part of the correctional arm of the overall police system stationed in
prisons and correction units. This is under the leadership of the Ministry of Justice.
Judicial Police - responsible for maintaining the security and order in courts and
serving instruments and some also executing death sentences.
Quasi parapolice - (“Cheng guan”) = operate in many places and hired by officials to
help carry out some unpopular actions such as collecting taxes and fines and ousting
peasants from seized land.
TERMS
Special Police College - conducts nationwide recruitment once a year.
Central Military Commission - appoints police in China
People’s Liberation Army - Chinese Armed forces.
Civil Service Promotion Examinations - basis for regulation of the Rank promotion
Examination for police officer.
Internal Guard Corps (IGC) - It plays a key role in maintaining China’s social stability
and order, and is frequently involved in assisting the regular police in fighting crimes.
Especially, the main responsibilities of the IGC include: (1) guarding key state
installation and conducting armed patrol in urban areas; (2) quelling sudden incidents;
and (3) supporting capital construction and performing emergency rescue and disaster
relief.
The Border Defense- responsible for the inspection, security, and patrol functions
around border areas. They also investigate smuggling cases on land and sea.
Fire fighting Corps- conducts fire prevention and suppression tasks.
Guard Corps- in charge of the protection of members of the National People’s
Congress and the National Consultative Conference of Political Affairs as well as high-
ranking provincial and municipal government and party officials.
RANK SYSTEM IN CHINA
Senior officers
Police commissioner (Chinese: 总 警 监 ; pinyin: zǒng jǐngjiān): Shoulder insignia:
national coat of arms fully circled with a pair of olive branch.
Deputy police commissioner (Chinese: 副 总 警 监 ; pinyin: fù zǒng jǐngjiān): Deputy
minister of public security, shoulder insignia: national coat of arms partly circled with a
pair of olive branch.
Superintendent 1st class (Chinese: 一 级 警 监 ; pinyin: yījí jǐngjiān): Assistant
commissioner of police shares this rank, Supt 1st class normally commands a functional
bureau (e.g. CID, immigration, traffic, anti-smuggling) or a province formation, and direct
reports to DCP. Shoulder insignia: three pips with olive leaves.
Superintendent 2nd class (Chinese: 二级警监; pinyin: èrjí jǐngjiān): Normally is second
in charge of a functional bureau, or a province formation, or a city police headquarters
commander. Shoulder insignia: two pips with olive leaves.
Superintendent 3rd class (Chinese: 三 级 警 监 ; pinyin: sānjí jǐngjiān): Normally
commands police division of a functional bureau, or the head of a police sub-bureau of
a city. Shoulder insignia: one pip with olive leaves.
Inspector 1st class (Chinese: 一 级 警 督 ; pinyin: yījí jǐngdū): Shoulder insignia: three
pips with two silver bars
Inspector 2nd class (Chinese: 二 级 警 督 ; pinyin: èrjí jǐngdū): Shoulder insignia: two
pips with two silver bars
Inspector 3rd class (Chinese: 三 级 警 督 ; pinyin: sānjí jǐngdū): Shoulder insignia: one
pip with two silver bars
Junior officers
Sergeant 1st class (Chinese: 一级警司; pinyin: yījí jǐngsī): Highest admin position at
this rank can be station commander, or operations squad leader and sub-unit
commander/section head at a police bureau or sub-bureau, normally in charge of a
detective case or a common police raid operation. Shoulder insignia: three pips with one
silver bar.
Sergeant 2nd class (Chinese: 二级警司; pinyin: èrjí jǐngsī): University degree holder's
entry ranking level is Sgt 2 class. Other than basic duties, also attend and assist sub-
unit commander/section head in handling all kinds of cases. Sometimes is second in
charge or acting commander during a case or operation. Shoulder insignia: two pips
with one silver bar.
Sergeant 3rd class (Chinese: 三级警司; pinyin: sānjí jǐngsī): Other than basic duties,
also attend and assist sub-unit commander and section head in handling all kinds of
cases. Shoulder insignia: one pip with one silver bar.
Constable 1st class (Chinese: 一级警员; pinyin: yījí jǐngyuán): Perform road patrol and
vehicle command duties. Shoulder insignia: two pips.
Constable 2nd class (Chinese: 二级警员; pinyin: èrjí jǐngyuán): Perform road patrol
and vehicle command duties. Shoulder insignia: one pip.
