CHAPTER 1
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE PROJECT Recent advances in technology has led to the
development of Internet of Things (IoT), Wearable Electronics, 5G Wireless Systems, etc, which requires widespread
deployment of sensors often positioned at remote places with the capacity of communicating wirelessly with each other.
Power is often the limiting factor, as we have to depend on battery sources. This leads to the tedious task of disposing and
replacing enormous number of batteries causing environmental pollution. Energy harvesting (EH) provides a green as well as
sustainable solution to this challenge. This involves absorbing ambient energy and converting it into electricity to power up
the battery/sensors. Various sources of ambient energy are solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, electromagnetic energy,
thermal energy, mechanical energy, etc. The block diagram of a typical EH system is shown in Fig. 1.1. An energy harvester
converts the incident ambient energy into electrical energy. Power management unit (PMU) conditions the electrical energy
into a form suitable for a particular application. Solar energy, even though the most abundant of the sources, suffers from
intermittent supply. Due to it’s continuous availability, radio frequency (RF) source is a good alternative. Fig. 1.1 : Block
Diagram of System However, it suffers from low incident power levels. This can be improved by using a dedicated source and
an efficient RF to DC conversion circuit. Low power consumption in the sensors and a widespread availability of RF power
makes it as a tangible option for energy harvesting.The various RF energy sources are, namely, WiFi, WLAN, Digital TV, AM, FM,
Bluetooth, etc. 1 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT The purpose of this research is to prepare a Radio Frequency energy harvesting
circuit to use it for low power applications like charging of small devices or provide power supply directly to various sensors.
Specifically, the proposed research objectives include: Selection of frequency range for harvesting. Selection of an Antenna for
receiving RF signals . Designing of Tuning circuit for selected frequency range and antenna . Designing of Voltage multiplier
circuit . In this project, we will perform choose a frequency range which will be available with a good power gain through a
suitable antenna . After selection of frequency range and antenna we will design a tuning circuit, a voltage multiplier circuit to
amplify the voltage for suitable use . 1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT This project we are aiming to solve the problem of battery
replacement and charging of a battery with conventional electricity source. A world with self powered wireless devices. We are
going to make our wireless devices portable in the real sense, making them free from any wired connection at any time.
Further, effective utilisation of stray RF energy which is abundant in our surrounding. 1.4 APPLICATION RF Energy Harvesting
Circuit will provide : DC output for charging batteries of Sensors or can power directly some low power sensor nodes through
which they can use to communicate remotely. 2 1.5 CONCLUSION We are surrounded by ambient radio waves over an ever
increasing range of frequencies and power levels, especially in densely populated areas. This widely available Radio waves can
be effectively and efficiently harvested. There is natural increase in RF power density and availability due to exponential
increase in number of wireless transmitters. With the evolution of more efficient device the power consumption of electronic
components will decrease, increased sensitivity of RF receiving antenna and by improved performance of energy storage
devices, the applications of RF energy based wireless power harvesting will grow tremendously.
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