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V Solutions May Come in Different Forms

V solutions can exist in different forms depending on their tonicity or electrolyte content. Isotonic solutions like normal saline have an equal concentration inside and outside cells to avoid fluid shifts. Hypotonic solutions are weaker, pulling water into cells, while hypertonic solutions are stronger, removing water from cells. Solutions may also provide nutrients, electrolytes, or alter pH. Isotonic fluids like saline maintain volume, hypotonic fluids supply free water, and hypertonic fluids draw out fluid from edema.

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66 views4 pages

V Solutions May Come in Different Forms

V solutions can exist in different forms depending on their tonicity or electrolyte content. Isotonic solutions like normal saline have an equal concentration inside and outside cells to avoid fluid shifts. Hypotonic solutions are weaker, pulling water into cells, while hypertonic solutions are stronger, removing water from cells. Solutions may also provide nutrients, electrolytes, or alter pH. Isotonic fluids like saline maintain volume, hypotonic fluids supply free water, and hypertonic fluids draw out fluid from edema.

Uploaded by

Jhade Relleta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

V solutions may come in different forms:

1. Depending on its TONICITY (the ability of the solute to cause water movement from one
compartment to another)

 Isotonic Solutions

 Hypotonic Solutions

 Hypertonic solutions

2. May also come in a form of:

 Nutrient solutions

 Electrolyte solutions

 Alkalyzing solution

 Acidifying solutions

Isotonic Solutions:
-solutions that have a concentration of dissolved particles or tonicity equal to that of ICF. Osmotic
pressure is equal both in ICF & ECF.
- there is no water displacement, thus, no effect on the cell.

Examples of IVfluids:

1. NSS (NOrmal Saline Solution/ 0.9% NaCl) - contains only electrolytes Na&Cl.
2. D5W (5% dextrose in water) - contains no electrolytes

3. Ringer's solution - &

4. Lactated Ringer's Solution - contains Na, K, Ca, Cl & Lactate

Purpose:

 used to maintain fluid intake and reestablish water volume because these fluids stays in the
vascular compartment, therefore, it expands the vascular volume. Example...patients who are
vomiting, patients with acute diarrhea and fever.

 take note: D5W is an isotonic fluid on initial administration, but when glucose is metabolized, it
produces free water.This water may expand both the ICF & ECF fluid volume, thus, acts as a
hypotonic solution.

 D5W when given in large amounts may cause hyperglycemia.

Hypotonic Solutions
Hypotonic solutions have lesser tonicity than that of the ICF because it has lesser solute concentration.
ICF becomes more concentrated, it pulls water from the ECF, thus, makes the cell swell.
Examples of Hypotonic Fluids:

1. 0.45% NaCl (half strength normal saline)

2. 0.33% NaCl ( one third strength normal saline)

3. 2.5% Dextrose in water

Purpose:

 used to provide free water and treat cellular dehydration.


 Note: Free water is desirable to aid the kidneys in elimination of solute via urine output.

Hypertonic Solutions
Hypertonic solutions have tonicity or solute concentration in ECF greater than that of the ICF. Therefore, it
pulls fluids out of the ICF...... and the cell shrinks.

Examples of Hypertonic Fluids:

1. D5NSS (5% Dextrose in normal saline solution)

2. D5 in 0.45% NaCl ( 5% Dextrose in half strength normal saline)

3. D5LR (5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Solution)

4. D10W ( 10% Dextrose in water)

5. D50W50 (50% Dextrose in 50 ml of water)

Purpose

 Hypertonic solution draws fluids from the ICF causing cells to shrink and ECF to expand.
 Given to patients with hyponatremias (Na deficits) with edema

Aside from being isotonic, hypotonic & hypertonic. IVF may also come in a form of nutrient solution,
electrolyte solution, alkalyzing solution & acidifying solution....

Nutrient Solution
Nutrient solutions contain some form of carbohydrates and water. Water is supplied for fluid requirements
and CHO for calories and energy requirement. Example... 1 liter of 5% Dextrose provides 170 of calories.

Common Nutrient Solutions are:


1. D5W (5% Dextrose in water)
2. 3.3% Glucose in 0.3% NaCl (Glucose in saline)
3. 5% Dextrose in 0.45% NaCl (Dextrose in half strength saline)

Purpose:

 Nutrient solutions are useful in preventing dehydration. However, it is a wrong notion to say that
dextrose increases weight, or promotes normal growth in children or promotes wound healing or
healing disorders. The calories it provide are not for such purposes but mainly for prevention of
dehydration and ketosis.

Electrolyte Solutions
Electrolyte solutions are either NaCl (saline solutions) or multiple electrolyte solutions containing varying
amounts of cations and anions.

Commonly Used Solutions are

1. Normal Saline Solution (0.9% NaCl Solution) -  contains electrolytes Na & Cl only


2. Ringer's Solution - contains Na, Cl, K, Ca
3. Lactated Ringer's Solution - contains Na, Cl, K, Ca &  Lactate( a salt of lactic acid that is
metabolized in the liver to form bicarbonate)

NOte:  Normal saline solutions are frequently used as initial hydrating solutions. Multiple
electrolyte solutions are useful to prevent dehydration or to restore or correct fluid and electrolyte
imbalances.

Alkalyzing Solution
Alkalyzing solutions are administered to counteract or prevent Metabolic Acidosis. Example....Lactated
Ringer's Solution

Acidifying Solution
Acidifying slutions are administerd to counteract or prevent Metabolic Alkalosis. Example... 0.9% NaCl
&/or D5NSS

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