FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

SHAH ALAM LABORATORY MANUAL

COURSE NAME
COURSE CODE
OPEN-ENDED LAB
SEMESTER

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT :JKR PROBE

DATE OF EXPERIMENT :17/6/2020

NAME :AINUR NASUHA BINTI MOHAMMAD RODZI

UiTM NO :2019892466

CLASS GROUP :EC220 2A1B

LECTURER : [Link] BIN KHALID

LEVEL OF OPENESS : 3

MARKS COMMENTS

INTRODUCTION 1 2 3 4 5

BASIC CONCEPTS 1 2 3 4 5

METHODOLOGY 1 2 3 4 5

RESULTS&ANALYSIS 1 2 3 4 5

DISCUSSION 1 2 3 4 5

CONCLUSION 1 2 3 4 5

ORGANIZATION 1 2 3 4 5

TOTAL MARKS

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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
SHAH ALAM LABORATORY MANUAL

COURSE GEOTECHNICAL LABORATORY

COURSE CODE ECG428
LEVEL OF OPENNESS 3
CATEGORY FULLY OPEN
DEGREE OF OPEN-ENDED (%) 100

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES TEST

DETERMINATION OF SOIL CONSISTANCY
(With referenced to clause 7 of BS1377: Part 7: 1990)

Introduction
JKR Probe Test is a dynamic penetrometer test used to check the consistency of
the subsoil. Mackintosh Probe which is has 30° cone penetrometer while JKR
probe has 60° cone penetrometer. This is a light dynamic test and the cone is
driven directly into the soil by driving a hammer 5kg. Weight dropping through a
free height of 280mm. The probe is unable to penetrate medium strength soil and
gravelly ground.

Mackintosh/JKR probe is used to determine thickness of unsuitable material to be

removed, the underlying area and the preliminary design of embankments. The
maximum depth tested is down to 12 m or at a maximum of 400 blows/300 mm.
The shear strength parameters can be determined indirectly from the Tables
provided by Bowles (1993).

Objectives
PREAMBLE To determine the coefficient of permeability of soil.
To determine the sub-surface stratigraphy and identify materials present.
To estimate geotechnical parameters.
To determine soil classification.
To determine allowable bearing capacity of the ground using JKR dynamic cone
penetrometer.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to:

1. acquire the understanding of engineering properties of soils in determination
of the bearing capacity of the ground
2. acquire the necessary skill to prepare sample and conduct force measuring
device.
3. calculate and analyze data to report and present result in a proper
engineering format.

PROBLEM The JKR probe is a simple site investigation procedure that is relatively
STATEMENT inexpensive. The probe is often used in Malaysia, especially for preliminary site

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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
SHAH ALAM LABORATORY MANUAL

investigation, to assess the subsoil layer and the bearing capacity of soils. It can
also be used effectively to identify soft or weak layer materials or slip plane failure.
The use of the probe test may reduce the number of bore holes required and
reduce the overall cost of the project. JKR probe is slightly different with the
Mackintosh probe in terms of cone angle, diameter of rods and couplings,
hammer weight and height of hammer free fall. However, for practical application,
the results of JKR Probe and Mackintosh Probe may be considered equivalent.

APPARATUS
JKR probe set with additional rods and coupling, scale, chalk, datum bar and lifting
tool.

PROCEDURE
1. Equipment for the test was assembled.
2. The rods and hammer was joined using the rod [Link] has
sweep up for an easy dissembeles later.
3. Distance of 0.3 m was measures and marked on the rod start from the tip
of the cone.
4. The equipment wasset up on the ground.
WAYS & MEANS 5. The hammer is pulled until reached the maximum and the hammer was
dropped freely to driven the cone into the soils,
6. The sum of the number of blows for penetration of 0.3 m was recorded in
the data sheet.
7. The hammer is taken off on the last 0.3 m of each rod and joined the
existing rod with another rod.
8. The blow will stopped when the blow count is more than 400 for 0.3 m
penetration or achieved the desired depth.
9. Step 6 to 8 was repeated until the third rod was driven into the soil.
10. After the third rod was succesfully driven into the soil, the rod was pulled
using lifting tool.
11. The equipment was dissembled and cleaned before storing.4

Depth No of Depth No of Depth No of Depth No of

(m) blows (m) blows (m) blows (m) blows
per per per per
0.3m 0.3m 0.3m 0.3m
0.0-0.3 3 1.5-1.8 37 3.0-3.3 66 4.5-4.8 80
RESULTS 0.3-0.6 7 1.8-2.1 39 3.3-3.6 60 4.8-5.1 83
0.6-0.9 15 2.1-2.4 40 3.6-3.9 63 5.1-5.4 90
0.9-1.2 29 2.4-2.7 46 3.9-4.2 70 5.4-5.7 95
1.2-1.5 35 2.7-3.0 56 4.2-4.5 79 5.7-6.0 100

SPT-N Value correlation = JKR Value/8.8

SPT/ JKR or Mackintosh Probe Relationship

N (Blows) consistency Unconfined JKR/
DATA ANALISIS Compressive Mackintosh
strength (kPa)
2 Very soft 0-25 0-10
2-4 soft 25-50 10-20
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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
SHAH ALAM LABORATORY MANUAL

4-8 Medium 50-100 20-40

(Firm)
8-15 Stiff 100-200 40-70
15-30 Very stiff 200-400 70-100
Over 30 Hard 400 100

*Unconfined Compressive strength (kPa)= Bearing Capacity (kPa)

By using table SPT/ JKR or Mackintosh Probe Relationship above, complete the
tabletion below

Depth Depth from No of blows Bearing Capacty(kPa) or

(m) surface (m) per 0.3m Unconfined Compressive
strength (kPa)
0.0-0.3 0 3 7.5
0.3-0.6 0.3 7 17.5
0.6-0.9 0.6 15 37.5
0.9-1.2 0.9 29 72.5
1.2-1.5 1.2 35 87.5
1.5-1.8 1.5 37 92.5
1.8-2.1 1.8 39 97.5
2.1-2.4 2.1 40 100
2.4-2.7 2.4 46 120
2.7-3.0 2.7 56 153.3333
3.0-3.3 3.0 66 186.6667
3.3-3.6 3.3 60 166.6667
3.6-3.9 3.6 63 176.6667
3.9-4.2 3.9 70 200
4.2-4.5 4.2 79 260
4.5-4.8 4.5 80 266.6667
4.8-5.1 4.8 83 286.6667
5.1-5.4 5.1 90 333.3333
5.4-5.7 5.4 95 366.6667
5.7-6.0 5.7 100 400

Unconfined Compressive strength (kPa)= Bearing Capacity (kPa)

Plot graph Depth Vs No of Blows

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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
SHAH ALAM LABORATORY MANUAL

Plot graph Depth Vs Unconfined Compressive strength

In conclusion ,JKR probe test can be used to determine the thickness of the
inappropriate substance to be extracted and also for the preliminary design of
embankments, restricted to approximately 15 m and should be recorded.
CONCLUSION
Mackintosh Probe which has 30 degree cone penetrometer while JKR Probes has
60 degree cone [Link] is a light dynamic test and the cone is driven
directly into the soil by driving a hammer [Link] dropping through a free
height of 280 mm.
DISCUSSION AND From the data, we obtained the depth from surface (m) by increasing every 0.3m
RECOMENDATION and bearing capacity(kPa) or Unconfined compressive strength (kPa) by calculated
the ratio between unconfined compressive strength and JKR/Mackintosh range.

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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
SHAH ALAM LABORATORY MANUAL

Then from the data that had been calculated, we plot the graph of depth vs no of
blows and graph depth vs unconfined compressive [Link] the graph we
see that the graph is proportional increasing but there are also which the graph
also decreasing.

Advantage for JKR Probe test:-

1) light and easy user
2) Does not need skill worker
3) Economical
4) Provides a disturbed soil sample for moisture content determination
5) Faster and cheaper tools

Disadvantages
1) Contribute to human error
2) Low impact energy
3) Unable to penetrated into medium strength soil and gravelly ground

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