MODULE 1
Monday, 7 September 2020 9:56 PM
HOW to become a better communicator?
• Start getting a better picture of what communication is and how it
works
- absorbing principles, learning concepts, and applying them in
practical situations inside the classroom and in real life as
members of the community.
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
• Seiler & Beall (1999) - "Communication is the simultaneous sharing a
creating meaning through human symbolic interaction."
• Wood's (2004) - " A systematic process in which individuals interacts
with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings"
• Chase & Shamo (2013) - The word communication itself provides a clu
to what it is - common implies "something in common" and ication
suggests " understanding," so communication hints at the meaning "a
common understanding of something."
SETTLE ON - "communication as the process of creating and sharing
meaning by using verbal and nonverbal symbols in varied contexts," and
effective communication results when both verbal and nonverbal symbols
are understood in much the same way by both communicators.
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
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LEGEND:
M- Message
F- Feedback
ELEMENTS
• RECEIVER. This is the person or group of people who will get your
message.
• FEEDBACK. This is the receiver’s response to your message
• CONTEXT. This refers to the situation in which communication takes
place.
➢ Psychological Context
➢ Relational Context
➢ Situational Context
➢ Environmental Context
➢ Cultural Context
• SOURCE. This is you, the sender of the message.
• MESSAGE. This is the information you want to convey; without it, yo
have no reason for communicating.
• ENCODING. This is the process of converting your ideas into verbal o
nonverbal symbols that can be understood by the receiver of the
message.
• CHANNEL. This is the manner of conveying messages. e.g. email, mem
lecture, etc.
• DECODING. This is the receiver’s mental processing of your message
into meaningful meaning.
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e
lecture, etc.
• DECODING. This is the receiver’s mental processing of your message
into meaningful meaning.
FORMS
• Verbal
• Non-Verbal
• Written
• Visual
ASPECTS OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
1. visual (kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, artifact, physical
appearance)
§ Proxemics - refers to the study of how space and distance
influence communication
ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION
2. Auditory (hearing)
3. Olfactory (smell)
4. Gustatory (touch)
5. Tactile (Haptics)
LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Intrapersonal
2. Interpersonal -Dyadic, Tryadic, Small group
3. Public
4. Mass media
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Phatic
○ start of communication
2. Preventive
○ stop maybe from situation
3. Recording-transmitting
○ jotting down messages received and transmit these information or
ideas to others
4. Instrumental
○ when something happen
5. Affective
e
3. Recording-transmitting
○ jotting down messages received and transmit these information or
ideas to others
4. Instrumental
○ when something happen
5. Affective
○ Effect of communication on the ego of a person
6. Therapeutic
○ curative/ serves to maintain good health
7. Aesthetic
○ sees the beauty and artistic
THE PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
The principles are based on the real-life functioning of interperson
communication (King, 2000).
THE ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION
Morals and ethics ensure discipline among us; without these codes o
conduct- standards or rules that guide our behaviour, our world will be
chaotic.
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of
Morals are our own set of rules, so others are neither expected nor
required to follow them.
Ethics, on the other hand, are rules accepted and approved by
society, so they are imposed upon everyone.
THEREFORE, Ethical communication requires us to be truthful, concis
and responsible for our words and the resulting actions. Mandelbaum
A. (2019)
ETHICS ---
Deirdre D. Johnston (1994) pointed out ten ethics in communication that
you should bear in mind to avoid being labeled "unethical" (as cited in
Chase & Shamo, 2013).
1. Mutuality
- Pay attention to the needs of others, as well as yours.
2. Individual Dignity
- Do not cause another person embarrassment or a loss of dignity.
3. Accuracy
- Tell the audience everything, they have a right and need to know, no
just what is true.
4. Access to information
- Never bolster the impact of your communication by preventing peopl
from communicating with one another or by hindering access to the
supporting information.
5. Accountability
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- Never bolster the impact of your communication by preventing peopl
from communicating with one another or by hindering access to the
supporting information.
5. Accountability
- Be responsible and accountable for the consequences of your
relationship and communication.
6. Audience
- As audience or receiver of the information, you also have ethical
responsibilities. A good rule of thumb is the “200% rule” where both
the sender and the receiver have full or 100% responsibility to ensur
the message is understood, and that ethics are followed.
7. Relative truth
- As either sender or receiver of information, remember that your own
point of view may not be shared by others , so allow others to
respectfully disagree or see it differently.
8. Ends vs. Means
- Be sure that the end of your communication and the means of gettin
to that end are both ethical.
9. Use of power
- In situations where you have more power than others ( [Link]
with a students, a boss with a subordinate), you also have more
responsibility for the outcome.
10. Rights vs. responsibility
- Balance your rights against your responsibilities even if you live in a
wonderful society where your rights are protected by law, not
everything you have a right to do it ethical.
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