ICPNA AMERICAN BIG PICTURE ai Re 3 BEN GOLDSTEIN Richmond INTERMEDIATE 8Congratulations! When you finish this book, you will be to able understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics. You will also be able to interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes, regular interaction with native speakers possible in an effortless way and produce clear, detailed texts on a wide range of subjects. WELCOME UNIT INTERMEDIATE 8 Strategies to move from B1+ to B2: Reading When you read, you learn language naturally just like in your native language. Reading practice outside the classroom should focus on both extensive reading for pleasure such as novels and intensive reading for detailed understanding, There is a huge variety of things to read: novels, short stories, blogs and articles. Reading a popular teenage novel can help you achieve Nuency faster. it’s a fun and relaxing experience. t's a great way to expand your vocabulary knowledge and general understanding and get exposure to authentic language without memorization. You get to move at your own pace and you can reread if necessary. Use a notebook to write down some new interesting vocabulary, discover the meaning from context and check the dictionary if necessary. Read novels that have been made into movies, read the plot summary online to determine if the novel will interest you. And when you've finished reading the novel, celebrate your achievement and enjoy the movie. Part1 1. Skim the article and choose the best title. a. How reliable are eyewitnesses? b. University psychologist accused in court. «. Study suggests women are more observant than men. EYEWITNESSES People are more likely to remember faces of their own race, age group or gender than other faces, suggests recent research from University of California, Cognitive psychologist Dr. Dan Wright found that both men and women are less likely to accurately recall faces of the opposite sex. These findings support previous research into own-race bias in facial recognition. Earlier studies had demonstrated that most individuals recognize people of their own race more correctly than people of different races. Why such bias exists is still open to question. According to Dr. Wright, ‘The contact hypothesis suggests that we remember the faces we associate with the most, and as people tend to mix with others of their own race or age, this could explain the results. However, this might not be the whole truth. It could be that really we just remember people vwho look like us, as we are so used to seeing our own faces.’ A further explanation of why facial recognition is not so accurate across the sexual divide is the revolutionary idea that we are more likely to remember the faces of those with whom we are competing for mates. The study also showed that hair was a critical factor in identifying faces. Bath the men and women were better able to recall and identify faces of their own gender if the person's hair was uncovered, The research may explain why people who are convinced they have correctly identified the culprit in a crime make mistakes, and why innocent people are wrongly convicted. ‘A jury places a lot of importance on eyewitness accounts,’ says Dr. Wright. 'You'll often hear a witness insist that they remember something clearly, when, in fact, their recollection is not accurate at all’ This seems most apparent in cases where a witness and suspect are of different races. Research, such as this study from the University of California, may prompt us to question the use of eyewitness accounts in criminal trials in the future.Part 2 2. Are the sentences true or false? Find evidence in the text to support your answers. a, Women find it easier to remember the faces of other women. b. Experts agree about why own-gender bias in recognizing faces exists. c. Men ate better at remembering faces than women when the hair is not covered. d. Juries are often persuaded by eyewitness accounts. , Witnesses are more likely to make mistakes when the suspect is of a different race. Reading Tip: Choosing the correct summary. Use this technique to choose the correct summary of the text * Identify the main point of each paragraph included in the topic sentences. * Read the different summaries carefully. * choose the summary which contains the main points of the text and does not contain irrelevant information. 3. Choose the five main points from the text. 1 People remember faces of their own kind more accurately than others. 2. Research suggests we are less likely to remember faces of the opposite sex. 3. There is no agreement as to why bias exists, 4. The contact hypothesis suggests that we remember the faces we associate with most. 5 We mix more with those of our own race or age. 6 Tests showed that hair was a critical factor in recognition. 7 Innacent people are convicted because of inaccurate witness statements 8 Witnesses insist that they remember accurately when, in fact, they don't. 9. Research supports the use of DNA to change wrong convictions. 4,Choose the most complete summary of the text. Explain your choice. a. According to the text, the contact hypothesis suggests that we remember the faces we associate with the most. The text also claims that we remember them because we mix more with people of our own race, age and sex. It concludes that witnesses insist they remember people when actually they don't. b. According to the text, we remember better the faces of people of the same sex and race as ourselves, although there is no agreement as to why this bias exists. Tests showed that hair was a critical factor. The text concludes that innocent people are sometimes convicted incorrectly on mistaken identity. 5, Answer the questions in your own words. ‘a. What did studies about race bias in recognizing faces find? b, What theories do experts give to explain own-race and gender bias? c. Why is this research important for the legal system? 6. Find the words in the text to match the definitions. 1. probable (paragraph 1) 6 spouses, partners (paragraph 3) 2 sex (paragraph 7 remember (paragraph 4) 3 different attitude (paragraph 2) 8 found guilty (paragraph 5) 4 theory (paragraph 3) 9 correct, precise (paragraph 5). 5 resemble (paragraph 3) 10 encourage (paragraph 5)GRAMMAR VocaButary READING & LISTENING PRONUNCIATION 10 INSIGHTS AND “Passives sideas solutions @Abiog post about bikes sentence stress INNOVATIONS. “Wt, the ‘Phrasal verbs(}). +My Epiphany Moment *lntonation: Saying ae *Footwear @ Acomersation thanks ‘+ Metaphorical language + Audio messages page 19 FUNETIONAL LANGUAGE: {ETTING THINGS DONE page 1) WRITING Tas TH ASENSE OF “Imaginary situations: «Identity @abook review 1 et, wouldnt IDENTITY present or future *Gaming ‘Positive Visualization intonation page foi wish Personality aciectives @ Discussing video games =iscussing imagined futres page 20 FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE: GIVING ADVICE page 27 SPEAKING TAS ‘page 39 WRITING BANK: Ax ONLINE PROFILE IAKING A GOOD IMPRESSION 42 Memories “Imaginary situations: «Remembering @ ranks, crandpat, contractions with pagiee past Phrasal verbs(@) «What's New? had would have Review ‘Review © bescribing photographs simtonation page 30 FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE: APOLOGIZING page31 WRITING TASK: CHILDHOOD MEMORIES page 32 Review D, Units 10-12 page 35 BRING Ir TOGETHER 10, 1 12 PEO EE TCO eT Pv anc ee ed Pree Remeron esINSIGHTS AND INNOVATIONS 1 a @ Work in pairs. Look at the images of three innovations. They feature in an exhibition called Design for the Other 90%. ‘© What do you think the tite of the exhibition means? ‘© Match the images to the names of the innovations inthe box. LifeStraw Portable Light Bag Pedal Cell Charger b What és ra ink i sie aig 2 a 4) Listen to the descriptions of the innovations and check your answers to 1b. b Listen again and answer the questions. 1 What three basic things are needed by “the 90%"? 2 Which two of these do the above innovations help with? 3 What does the Flexible Light and Power Bag include? 4 How can it help support local industries? 5 What kinds of water can people drink from using the Lifestraw? How can the LifeStraw save time? How long do you have to ride to get 30 minutes’ talking. time on the phone? 8 Which countries isit particularly useful for? 3a Complete Ain the Key Vocasuany Paneu Bl. b Read Transcript 10.1 on page 41. Find adjectives, used to describe... a all three theLifestraw b the Flexible Light and Power Bag d the Pedal Cell Charger hea 4. Choose the best options with words from 8 in the Key Vocasutary Pant Bij. More than one answer may be possible. 1 Here are three unique ideas that we hope will help / support people to live happier lives. 2 The bags are of great beneficial / benefit to local industries The LifeStraw will be help / helpful to ural communities. enabling / benefiting people to access drinking water without having to walk kilometers to find it 5 The exhibition explores these low-cost, innovative solutions to enable / support the other 90%. 6 Alot of people can't afford / affordable much new technology.5 a @ Work in pairs. Discuss which you think is the ‘most interesting/worthwhile/important invention in 1a. Why? b Do you think any of the solutions in the images could be useful in your community or in other communities in your country? Why/Why not? What solutions does your country offer in the area of energy, water or shelter? We use lt of wind and solar power. This is good because it'sa very green, low-cost option. =x KEY VOCABULARY Ideas & solutions A Describing ideas & solutions ‘© Match the adjectives below to their meanings +8 affordable beneficial essential innovative personal portable temporary unique for individual use economically priced new, original and advanced easy to carry around very special and/or unusual not for permanent use of great help 8 really necessary © Can you use all the adjectives to describe all the innovations in the images? | think they're all affordable and beneficial. 'm not so sure they're all essential, B Describing help & benefits + Adjectives & nouns We can use adjectives and nouns to tak about helping others ‘We can say these inventions are beneficial / are of benefit to... and they are helpful / are a great help to. ‘We can also say people can benefit from these © Verbs We also use verbs. benefit somebody help someone do something ‘enable someone to do something allow someone to do something ‘support someone These inventions benefit people. The LifeStraw enables people to drink fresh water safely. ea The verb afford is ofte ener CnerSPEAKING 1. a @ Work in pairs. what are the bikes in the photos being used for? Match photos ad to the words in the box. More than ‘one answer is possible. d c \b o~ asa tebe toeamaliving togettowork to havefun b Discuss the questions. ‘© Do you have a bike? If so, what kind of bike is it? What do you use it for? ‘© If not, would you like one? Why/Why not? READING 1 Read the opening paragraph of a blog post. Why has this blog, Post been dedicated to bikes? Inarecent poll, the bicycle was voted the number one invention of the last 200 years. It was chosen for its simplicity of design and enormous versatility. ‘Throughout their history, bikes have been used for much ‘more than just transportation, Here are some links to recent blog posts about how bikes are used. to create jobs, energy, to save lives. 2 a Read texts A~C. Match them to the links in the blogpost in 1 and to three of images a-d. b Read the texts again. Which text talks about how the idea came about? oO compares the bike service with another similar service? ‘explains how using a bike saves energy? CA. explains how using a bike is faster and more efficient? CA. Gescribes how a bike can be transformed into something else? S 6 talks about how the bike is being used to spread a message? fe 3 @ Work in pairs. Which idea do you think is the most interesting? Why? Do you know of any other interesting uses for bikes? BY The cycle Response Unit “Ambulances on two wheels are on the increase. ‘Throughout London and other cities in the UK ‘moreand more emergency callsare being answered. by bicycling paramedics. Their specially outited ‘mountain bikes are like mini ambulances, carrying all the medical equipment needed to save lives Bikes can get through heavy city trafficand down. ‘nayinwstreets much faster than ambulances. The fully rained paramedics can assess injuriesand administer emergency frst aid. Patients who need further treatment will be taken to the hospital by conventional ambulances, The cycle response unit issaving time, saving livesand saving money. Andas italso helps the ambulance service reduce exhaust fumes, itmay be helping save the planed Gres Coffee-1o-g0 has taken on a new meaning on the streets of New York where bikes are being used to run. portable coffee stand. Two frends recently discovered that their bicycles could be used for ‘more than just riding to work. Inspired by their love of coffee and of bike riding, they combined the ‘two and created Kickstand—a portable, foldaway coffee bar completely powered by bicycles. Two carts reattached to the back of heir bikes. When ‘they want fo set up the bar, the cars are unfolded and linked together to create a three-meterlong, bar. The coffee is ground by hand, each cup is mule with freshly ground coffe, ust enough for ‘one cup, Agreat taste and no waste! reed ‘Whatisan e-bike? it’s an electricbike,a conventional pedal bike that also has a small engine. Most e-bikes run on rechargeable batteries, but Catalan Guim Valls'se-bike is charged by solar power. And the solar power is supplied by a panel ona trailer that’s attached to the back ofthe bike. Clean, green, sustainable ‘energy wherever you go! And Guim has decided to g0a long way—all the way around the world {in fact! He wants to persuade people al over the ‘world that there's an alternative to fossil fuels ‘More than 120 million e-bikes have been sold in China, Now if Guim can persuade them all to ‘convert to solar power, that's lot of energy saved!GRAMMAR 1 a Look at the verbs in bold in the texts in READING and 2. What is the subject of each verb? Who is responsible for the action? Underline the verb to be in each of the expressions. What tense is it in? Complete A in the Grammar awe Bll with the correct form of to be. 2 Look again at the expressions. Underline the expressions with by. Complete B in the Grammar panel fj with these expressions. 3 a Rewrite the sentences using a passive verb form. Do not use by. Start each sentence with the words that are underlined. 1 Somebody stole my bike. My ike was stolen 2 The police have arrested the thief 3 Thieves steal thousands of bikes from the downtown area every year 4 The local authorities are introducing a bike registration pian 5 They wil give each bike an electronic registration number 6 thatw len bike b @))oz Listen and check. Are your answers the same? Look again at the sentences you wrote in 3a, Match them to the uses in C in the Grammar PANEL Bl 5 a Choose the correct options to complete the text. ‘The first Brompton folding bikes made / were ‘manufactured in their inventor's bedroom. Andrew Ritchie, an engineering graduate, “buile/ were built ‘the bikes for his friends. These first prototypes made / were made by hand and were fairly heavy. But the concept was good and the bikes folded / ‘were folded cleanly and easily into the size of a small backpack. Selling the first 30 bikes “gave / was given, Ritchie enough money to starta small production, line, And now more than 200,000 bikes sll / are sold each year. pb What are the advantages of a folding bike? Do you know anyone who has one? (Bl Passives: ‘A. Be + past participle Present simple: The solar power. supplied by a panel. Past simple: it ®!___ chosen for its simple design. Present continuous: Bikes ®!___ used to create jobs. Present perfect: Coffee to go given a new twist. With modals: More e-bikes will ___ sold. ‘More lives could ®__ saved. The object of an active verl_ becomes the subject of the passive verb, ‘Active: A pane! Supplies the solar power. Passive: The solar power is supplied by a panel. B By We use by + noun.. + to-emphasize who or what is responsible for an action, + to emphasize how an action is performed. © Without by We use the passive without by. + when we don't know who/what is responsibie for an action. The police wer informed. + when i's obvious why what is responsible for an action The stolen bikes wee sod to secondhand bike stores. + Note: We often use the passive to describe a process. Stolen bikes are returned to their owners. See page 36 for grammar reference and more practice. SPEAKING 11a Lookat the pictures. What are the tennis balls being used for? Su b @ Work in pairs. Look at the items in the box. Think of alternative uses for at least three of the objects. afork alloaf of bread ‘a pair of gloves a sheet of paper acell phone aplasticbag a potato an umbrella 2 @ Share your ideas with the class. Who came up with the most original idea?BEDEWE Eaher0r Runnin lm Paacrice wo, oar Tau aBouT rooTweAR SPEAKING & LISTENING 1a Look at images a-d. What do they show? Which do you see most often where you live? b @ Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. ‘Is running a popular sport in your town? ‘© Where do people usually go running? * Do you like running? If so, where do you go? How far and how often do you run? ‘© Ifyou don't like running, why not? Do you do something else to relax and stay in shape? 2. a Look again at images a-d. What do you think might be the advantages and disadvantages of running in each way? b What relationship could the words in the box have with the topic? barefoot glove ground impact injuries support 3 a @))s Listen to a conversation between two friends and check your answers in 2. What is the significance of the book and the photo of the men? b Listen again and choose the correct answer. 11 What most surprised Chris McDougall was that the runner. “3 wasn't injured. b) was over 50 years old. 2. Running for the Tarahumara is. a) afun activity. “W) integral to their lives. 3_Most people think that conventional running shoes give you “a, more support. b) less support. ‘4 The local people inspired Chris to. ~3} learn awhole new way of running, b) hate normal running shoes 5 anyone can run barefoot almost immediately. b) after a few attempts 6 Bill thinks that running is.. YW anart form. b) hard work. 4 @ Work in pairs. what do you consider the best footwear for running? Why? VocaBULARY: Phrasal verbs (1) Look at phrasal verbs 1-6. Find them in Transcript 103 on page 41 and match them to meanings a-f =i tryout\a continue 2 keep up\Nb stop doing something 3 burn out\yc start an activity = 4 give uy experiment doing 5 carry ond \e move at the same speed —6 take up stop because you have done too much and are tired 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in 1 1 Id like to barefoot running; it sounds like fun, 2 When you start running, the problem is_‘)___ with everybody else, 31 Ss running because | thought it was boring. 4 ifyou ‘a new hobby like running, it can make you feel better. 5. Be careful if you train too hard, you can and never want to run again, 6 believe in “No pain, no gain.” It means you have to even if you are tired and suffering, ‘@ Work in pairs. Which of the sentences in 2 do you agree with? ‘What was the last sport or hobby you took up or gave up? Why?GRAMMAR 1_a Remember the information in Transcript 10.3. Match 1-6 to a-f to make sentences. 1 There are people 2 There are races 3 There are lots of runners 4 They have thin, flexible soles 5 This was a runner 6 There are companies, a that won a 160-kilometer race through the mountains wearing only a pair of sandals. who have gotten rid of their shoes. that require special preparation and equipment. that make a lot of money from running products. that are really comfortable. who say that shoes give you more support. b Look at the words in italics. Which is used to refer back to a) people? b) things? ¢) both people and things? 2 Complete 1-3 in the Grammar PANEL Bll. 3 a Complete the sentences with who or that. 1 Only use shoes | recommend. 2 | don't understand people run marathons 3 twas the Tarahumara people influenced chris, 4 There are many things you can do barefoot. 5 It's the FiveFingers shoes resemble feet. 6 Runners | know don't ike being barefoot. b Read B in the GRamMar PANEL Bj . Look again at the sentences in 3a. In which sentences can you omit who es | 4 -@))rs Listen and check. Complete the sentences with who or that so that they are true for you. 1 Lealy lke sports... 3 Icant stand people, 2 I don't understand people... 4 | only watch sports. {realty like sports that you can play with other people—t don't ike practicing sports by myself We use relative clauses to give more information. about a person or thing. He was the person who told me about barefoot running These are the sandals that he ran in. He read about a runner who/that won a race barefoot. We use who and that to introduce the relative clause. We use who to refer to. We use that to refer to or B_ Omitting who and that We can only omit who and that if it is not the subject of the verb that follows. The shoes (that) | want are like gloves for your feet. (is the subject of the verb, so we can omit that) ‘want shoes that fit me like a glove (shoes is the subject of the verb so we can‘t omit that) See page 36 for grammar reference and more practice. SPEAKING & VOCABULARY: Toouw 11a Lookat the images of footwear on page 4o and label them with the words in the box. Use a dictionary to help you. boots flip-flops highheels sandals slippers sneakers walking boots work shoes b @ Work in pairs. Which footwear do you consider tobe... a. more formal? b more informal? © more comfortable? d_ more uncomfortable? a @ Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. ‘© What kind of shoes are you wearing at the moment? Have you had them for along time? Do you remember ‘where you bought them? ‘# Do you have a favorite pair of shoes? Do you like shopping for shoes? Why/Why not? ‘© What do you like to wear on your feet when at home? Do you prefer to go barefoot or wear slippers? Why? ‘© Do you take your shoes off when you vist friends’ homes? ‘What is the attitude toward bare feet where you live? Share your answers with the class.TURNING POINTS READING 1 @ work in pairs. Look at images ac. What do you think they show? Can you think of a story about them? share your answers with the class. Read the first paragraph of the blog post and ‘check your answers to the questions in 1. Underline the three sentences that best match the images. b Read the rest of the blog post. Match headings a-e to paragraphs 1-5. La Describing the moment of change Xb Summing up —>N MONA c Flashback to a past event Od Addressing the reader Je The presen situation 3 Read the post again. Mark the sentences true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false sentences. 1 Mariam thought she might lose her job. 7 2 Mariam says that the decision to leave her job Was easy to make. 3 She thinks that the company will help others, but not her. 4 Th coy as apd as et sore cave peopleAy Find expressions in paragraphs 1 and 2 that mean. 1 atime of economic difficulty 2 going up quickly 3 ‘repeating again and again 4 ata decisive moment 5 atime when an important change takes place My Epiphany Moment by Mariam Khan Let's gobackto about a year ago ete inthe mide of recession NV there ae salary cuts, and unemployment is rocketing, It dawns on me— ‘hat if something happens to me? To my job? Tworkin an employment agency specializing in the arts But what ifm left with no way to pay my bill or buy groceries? This scenario kept playing over and over in my head. Would | have to move back in with jo? How could I stay healthy, happy and secure without a job or the means to live my life the way l want and like to? It was ike | was ata crossroads: and somehow! had to choose anew direction. "= It wasn't easy, but then | suddenly hada flash of nspiration—and that ‘moment would be my turning point. my@pipRanmoment. if you like. saw the light | understood what | had todo, and decided to set Lup own compary, Yes |set up Creative Consulting, realized that there were many other well qualifed professional who might be out ‘of work and need help fining an opening. So I decided to set up my own agency and help these people find jobs that satisfy them. It's called Creative Consulting because | want tohelp people who workin the arts—movies, dance, music painting—you name it! Ive come to find that my work can offer so much. Italso allows me to meet really talented people and develop a network of contacts I could not have imagined, Suddenly, fee! | have arolein the community. tm not only helping myself but also others. And every day, fe! l understand people better both their personal and professional needs. My jobisto find them a creative solution, an outlet for them to be what they want tobe, So, that was my epiphany moment. Not everyone's had one, but Im lad Ihave, Starting my own company was the best decision I've ever made because forthe fist time | am in charge, Im my own boss, Has there been 2 momentin your lfe when ital licked? Where it all ‘came together and everything made sense? When you overcame a ‘great obstacle? A defining moment when everything changed? Ifthe answer is yes, | want to hear your story! Please take a moment to share your’Epiphany Moment” by leaving a post on my website.LISTENING __merey 1. jes tenny ana Marco sent audio messages to ‘Mariam about their epiphany moments. Listen and take notes about what they discovered about their lives, 2 Listen again. Choose J (Jenny) or M (Marco) to complete the sentences. 1 J /M describes how hard the decision was to make, 2 J /Mrealized he/she didn't enjoy a particular part of their work/studies. 3. J /Mfelt a sense of liberation 4 JM described what his/her father thought of the chang 5 J's / M's moment is related to a childhood hobby. 3 What do Jenny and Marco's stories have in common? 4 What are these stories all about? Whose story do you find the most interesting—Mariam, Marco or Jenny's? ‘Why? Can you identify with any of their moments? VOCABULARY: Metaphorical language ‘1a Complete the expressions with the words in the box. rey crossroads direction flash light Suddenly, | saw the Thad a of inspiration. | was at a and didn’t know which way to go. had to choose anew 5 nun b Check your answers in the blog post in READING 2. = 2 a Look again at the sentences in 1a. Which sentences... ‘a compare life to a journey? b compare understanding with seeing a light? What does light symbolize in these sentences? Rents ientn expression to refer to the whol roa Do you use similar metaphors in your language? one lalate 1 @))os tisten to the sentences in VOCABULARY 1a and mark the stressed syllable. 4 suddenty | saw the light. 2 a Look at the sentences and mark the main stress. 1 Suddenly everything clicked— realized what | wanted todo. 2 Then, at that moment, it dawned on me that that was the right decision. 3 Then | realized | was at a crossroads; | had to make a choice. bp)» Listen and check. 3. Listen again and repeat. SPEAKING 1 a @ Workin pairs. Look at difficult decisions 1-3. Think of reasons for making these decisions. Add some of your own, 1 leaving your job 2 moving to.a new town or country 3 changing course/career/degree b Do you know of anyone who has had to make one of the decisions in 12? Tell your partner about him/her and the decision. 2. Think of a difficult decision that you have had to make. Answer the questions. ‘© What was the decision? ‘© What caused you to make the decision? © Do you think it was the right decision? Why/Why not? 3 @ Work in pairs. Listen to your partner's story and report back to the class. What are the stories mainly about? Which story is the most surprising?pore Me ato LU ete Clee (Ue Lc) eke) eatsiameh aetna: Notice how we use get + noun + past participle. I need to get my bike fixed. Saree ara ea 4 a Complete the conversations with the verbs in the box. cleaned cut polished printed renewed taken 1A Can | make an appointment to get my hair CUT tomorrow? B I'm sorry, we're completely booked. Can you come on a ee Aho A Can | get this document B Of course, how many copies would you like? A Can you get my coat <\eaned by this evening? 8 Sorty the Express Service is only until 4 p.m. 4 A Fdlike to get my nails )a\8K please. 8 A 8 A TUNE IN Let me see... yes, we habe a free slot in half an hour I really need to get my passport REAENS A. 1 @ work in pairs. Look at images a-c and discuss I think you can get the form online. the questions. 6 A Ihave to get some photos for my driver's ‘© Whatis the problem? license. ‘© Where would you go togetit fixed? 8 There's a machine over there Za Ss. fen to six snort conversations. Match b When did you last get any of these things done? conversations 1-6 to images a-c. There are two ou go? conversations for each image. b @ tisten again. which conversations are... 4) asking where the problems can be solved? ) asking someone to solve the problem? ©) both Focus ON LANGUAGE 3 Lookat the extracts from 2. Match extracts 1-8 to functions a-c. OVER TO YOU asking for information giving information 5 a @ work in pairs. choose one of the places in the asking someane todo something box. Student A, think about the service you need. Student 8, think about what problems or delays there 1 lethere anywhere near here where ican get my bike might be. fee? 2 There's a new bike shop on West Street across from beauty salon cybercafé dry cleaners garage the station. | think they do repairs. bank shoe hospital gas station photo studio 3 Do-you know where | can get a key made? 4 There's a TREE POs on the ground Tloor—you can get it fixed there, b Act outa situation. Vd like two copies of this key, please. Hi, can you fx this for me, please? How long willit take? ® Report back to the class. Which service was the . 7 ‘We can have it for you by tomorrow morning. most diicut? Why? 6 @ choose another situation and switch roles.WRITING TASK: |DESCRIBING A PROCESS TUNE IN 71 Look at the images and answer the questions. ‘© Do you drink bottled water or tap water Why? ‘© Where does your drinking water come from? PREPARE FOR TASK 2. Look at the infographic explaining how a Lifestraw ‘works. What can you remember about the LifeStraw from page 2? What do you think happens to the water as it passes through the straw? 3 a @) 20 Listen and check your answers. At what stage are these things filtered from the water? bacteria dirt parasites sediment viruses b Listen again and complete the text. First, the water passes through a filter and the big pieces of dirt and sediment are removed. The holes in the filter areabout™, microns in diameter. Next, the ‘water passes through another filter; this time the holes are much smaller, only ®. microns in diameter. ‘That's really small; each hole is just a tenth of the size ofahuman® ‘This catches the bacteria that can spread diseases. In the next stage, the water is sent through a chamber of beads that are covered with iodine. Parasites and over % of bacteria and viruses are killed by the iodine. Finally, the water passes through a chamber of carbon filter. This improves the ©___and® ofthe water and should kill any remaining parasites. ‘4 Look again at the text in 3b. What do you notice about the tenses? Underline four linking words or expressions. 5 a Read the text describing how something else works. ‘Can you guess what the process is? Check your answer on page 40. First, put some water in the bottom half of the machine. Fill i¢up to the valve and no further. Then place the grains in the filter. Next, place the filter carefully on top of the bottom half of the machine. It should not touch the ‘water, Close the top tightly before putting iton the stove, ‘The stove heats the water in the bottom of the machine. ‘The water is pushed up through the filter and the grains into the top of the machine. Finally, when the top half of the machine is ful of liquid, itis ready to drink. b Underline the verbs and link words. Task 6 @ work in pairs or small groups. Choose an everyday process and write an explanation of how it works for the How Stuff Works website. Write the steps in a short paragraph like the models in 3b and Sa. REPORT BACK 7 @ Read your text out loud. Can the other students {guess what the object or process is? Cnr "A SENSE OF IDENTITY 1 a @ Work in pairs. Look at the image collage. What do you think is the connection with the unit tile? b The collage was put together by one person to show the people and things that are most important to him. Discuss the questions. * What can you guess about this person by looking at these images? © What do you think are his interests or likes? 2 Match descriptions 1-9 to images a~i 1 2 3 4 LLenjoy feeling part of a group, going out and having fun, [think of my identity in terms of my family and friends ike to support them. Food plays an important role in my life—t like to entertain! Like to compete-I always want to be the first! Ike to think of myself as a [like spending time with my cat. | definitely see myself as a cat lover. Soccer is my passion... | don’t know what I'd do without it! My whole life is, centered on it IMy life is based a lot on computers. | like to think of myself as someone who can help with problems. | think what defines me most is my love of music, and | love to have an audience! Sometimes | need to get away from the stress and nolse of the city and feel close to nature,a Complete A in the Key VocasuLary panei Mill. Do you identify with any of the roles in 3a? Which and why? Underline the different ways of describing identity in 2. Check your answers in Bin the Key VocaBULARY PANEL Bd b @ Work in pairs. what roles do you play with different people? Decide on six different roles and explain why you chose them, @ Workin pairs. Think of six images to create your own identity collage. Describe the images. Hilger clk ie fry i KEY VOCABULARY Identity A Roles 1 Match the roles to images a-i at lover competitor computer whizz follower/fan ‘goad listener/friend/colleague host nature lover artygoer performer 2 Match the roles in 1 to the verbs. There may be more than one play enjoy entertain escape fix relax support win 3. Which of the phrasal verbs have meanings similar to the verbs in 22 Use a dictionary to help you Rela wit) ascoee calmdewn getahead get away take care of stand by CaRe suppor B Describing identity | think of my identity in terms of enjoy feeling My life is based a lot on. My whole life is centered on, What defines me most is. | ike to think of myself as. | definitely see/view myself as. X plays an important role in my life. 11.0UAL IDENTITIES READING 1 Look at the images of people and their avatars. What do you think they use them for? 2 Read the review of the book Alter Ego: Avatars and. Their Creators and check your answer to 1. Which avatar looks most like its creator? 3 a Read the review again and change the sentences so that they are true. 1 The blogger likes the book because it’s attractive to look at 2. She likes the fact that the double identities of the people are qn separate pages. 3. Most people don't change their real selves much when they create their avatars, 4 The people created the avatars for fun, but they don't symbolize anything. b Match statements 1-6 to people K (Kimberly), ¥ (Young), 5 (Serge), R (Rainbow), C (Camilia), P (Petros). 1 Their avatar is similar to their real selves. 2 They wouldn't create an avatar. 3 Their avatar isan image oftheir ideal self 4 They'd like to maintain a part of their real selves 5 Their virtual self represents a sense of liberation. 6 They'd enjoy being a well-known person. a @ Work in small groups. Discuss the questions at the end of the review. b Read the comments at the end of the review. Whose answer is most similar to yours? I've just come across this book called Alter Ego with these incredible images of real people and their avatars. Itlooks at the whole issue of identity and how we present ourselves in video games, how anonymous users create new identities to inhabit these alternative worlds, It's fascinating! ove the format of the book. You see photos of gamers and Second Lifers in real life next to theiravatars, with a short text about what their avatar means. Some are replicas of their creators, but most, have no relation to their real-life appearance: people can change their height, gender, even species! And each person relates to their avatar differently Young “Tdesigned my avatar for the Lineage It game. His, ame is Knight Lummis. Ienjoy the game because its a place where Ian control my own destiny, My off-line self has to conform to the expectations of my parents, teachers and peers. Kimberly: "Most of the time my avatar, Kim Anibus, looks like my real self only 20 years younger. I'm jealous of some of her clothes. 1 ‘wish I could export them into real life. She doesn't have a separate persona; she's just an extension of myself in this virtual space. Although I did once give her a tail Serge: "My avatar is Megatox, Megatox is all that I would like to be: strong, famous, respected, daring, feared by some... My avatar and 1 complement each other.” ‘And what about me? fdon’thavean avatar. 'm not really that interested inole-playing games! But if decided to create an avatar one day, ‘wouldn't createan extension of myself. Td choose somebody that liked looking at—maybe Id prefer to bea guy in fact. Whatabout you? Do you havean avatar? Ifnot, would you like one, and what would it be like? Let me know. Fwoutdn’t design an avatar—I'm happy enough with myselfin the real worl. Camilia says: Ta like to bea hero, save people's lives, beimportant for other people, ‘yes, 1d really enjoy that. try to be myself on the inside but more attractive on the outside. ©VOCABULARY: Gaming 1 a Look at the words in bold in the text in READING 2 that have a connection with online ‘games. Match them to definitions 1-5. 11 someone who plays computer games in which you often pretend to be a character type of game in which you adopt a different persona existing in cyberspace or on a computer a picture that represents a person a person who uses/plays with a piece of equipment. b What other words can combine with virtual or online? Underline examples in the text in READING 2. Use a dictionary to help you. virtualfonine ~ world, community, character. 2 @ Workin pairs. Discuss a game you know using as many of the words in 1as you can. GRAMMAR 1 a @ Work in pairs. Look at the sentences. Vd choose somebody that | liked Jooking at— ‘maybe I'd prefer to be a guy in fact. If | decided to create an avatar one day, 1 wouldn't create an extension of myself 1 Look at the verbs in bold. Do they refer to a) real actions? b) imaginary actions? 2 Underline the verb that follows if. What tense is it? Does it refer to the past, present or future? b Check your answers in the Grammar PANEL Bi NOTICE Ve often use would with verbs of like/dislike: prefer. conan eee 2. Write sentences for the situations, using would and if + past simple. 1 I don't have much money, so | can't buy that game. if thad. 2 I don't understand anything about virtual worlds, so | don't take part in them. If| understood... 3 Lam very busy, so | can't always do what | want to do. It weren't so busy. 4 don’t have many friends, so | don't go out that often, If had, 3 a Finish the sentences so that they are true for you. 1 Tonight, Id prefer to... 2 If I could take a vacation now, I'd. 3 It'd be nice if. 4 Vdnever.. 5 I wouldn't like to. tb @ Work in pairs. Compare your answers. Do you agree with each other's sentences? fi Imacinary SITUATIONS: PRESENT OR FUTURE ‘A Would We use would to talk about an imaginary action or response, {enjoy that. | wouldn't design an avatar. B Sentences with if+ past simple We can use f+ past simple to introduce an imaginary situation. If decided to create an avatar,’ ‘The past simple here does not refer to the past—it refers to the present or the future. Notice when we use the verb to be with if + past simple, we can use both was and were with |, he, she and it. If wasiwere..Ifhe was/were.. lfshe was/wer. ‘See page 37 for grammar reference and more practice. PRONUNCIATION: I'd, it'd, wouldn’t 1. jm isten tothe sentences in Gaanman 32. Prepare notes of the endings. Are any of them similar to yours? 2 a Listen again. Notice the pronunciation of Id, it'd and wouldn't. Listen again and repeat. b @ Read the sentences you wrote in GRAMMAR 3a out loud, focusing on the pronunciation of ’d and wouldn't. LISTENING & SPEAKING 1 @))n2 Listen to different parents giving their opinions about video games and virtual worlds. Who is in favor of them and who is against them? 2 a @ Work in pairs. Which of the people do you agree with? What do you think of video games? Have you ever played them? When do you think children should be allowed to play them? b Report back on the main points to the class.VOCABULARY & LISTENING: Personality adjectives 11 Look at the images. What do you think each person is doing? Can you identify with any of them? If so, in what way? 2. Which personality traits do you think the images express? bb Find four pairs of adjectives in the box with similar meanings. Which adjective is not a pair? Match the adjectives to the images. Use a dictionary to help you. absentminded careless clumsy distracted extroverted indecisive introverted outgoing, shy unsure 3. @))ns Listen to an expert, Nancy Toteva, talking about a survey on the personality traits that people most dislike in themselves, Put some of the personality traits in 2b in the order that they are mentioned. 4. Listen again and answer the questions according to Nancy. 11 Why are people more distracted these days? 2 Which are the two opposites that Nancy describes? 3 Where did the survey take place and why is this important? 4. Why is being clumsy different from the others? 5S @ work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 What examples does Nancy give of people being indecisive? 2 Where do some people find they can be less shy? 3 What makes people more clumsy? 6 Read the statements made by people who took the survey. Which of the personality traits are they talking about? eee I find it dificult to tak to people | don't know, only people made it easier for me I At the ofice, sometimes it’s hard to keep your mind on things. if only there wasn't so much noise here. | ind it's really hard to concentrate, and 1 often forget things. Alina: ove going out with my coworkers for a drink at ed cee ae ~ peopl jus go straight home | usuaily make a decision, and then {change my mind and decide something diferent. 1 wish I wasn't ike that; it drives me crazy Im accident prone when 'm distracted... can't do anything about it, t'sa shame that happensGRAMMAR 1 a @ work in pairs. Look at the words in italics and answer the questions. a (fonly there wasn't so much noise. Iwish I could concentrate better. 11 Which speaker expresses a desire? What is the problem in each case? 2 What does the speaker want in each case: for the situation to be the same or diferent? 3 Are the desired situations in the past, present or future? Complete 1-5 in the GRaMMtan PANEL 2. a Rewrite the sentences using the words in parentheses. 1 I don't have much time. (wish) 2 Ihave to get up early tomorrow morning. (if anly) 3 We're leaving tomorrow. (I wish) 4 Ihave an exam tomorrow. (fon) 5 The view from my room is not very nice. (ifonty) 6 Today isn't Friday. ( wish) b @ compare your sentences with your partner's. 3 a Complete the poem with the nouns in the box. Use a dictionary to help you. wishes teeth grass nap summer time wand weekends “sixpack abs: a set of well-developed abdominal muscles | wish | had three-day ‘wish thada® I wish I had more ® at noon. topplay. wish |had greener“ __, {wish | had whiter ® wish tad © all year around. | wish | had six-pack abst, wish | had a magic ‘to make all my ®. bp) ns.Listen and check ii answers, 4 a @ work in pairs. Make a list of your wishes. Choose six to eight wishes that would work well in a Poem. Write your own poem. b Check with another pair. Were any of your wishes similar? We use I wish or ifonly to talk about how you would like situation to be from reality Frm shy | wish 1® like that.* People make it dificult —» Ifonty they® —___ We use the imple to describe the imaginary situation, This tense does not refer to the past—it refers to or the future. * We can say wish | was and { wish I were. (wish I was is ‘more informal See page 37 for grammar reference and more practice. SPEAKING 100k at your poems from GRAMMAR 1g5 seem to be most frustrating for people in the class? Summarize the points. ‘Some people complain about having too much work Allo of us wish that we had more fre time. 2 @® discuss what you can do to try and make your, wishes reality Athree-day weekend isnot possible, but we could work a half day on Fridays!READING Look at the photos. Who do you think took ‘each one? Why? What success could they be celebrating? 2. Read the first paragraph of the online article. What is positive visualization? 3 Read the rest of the article and match headings ae to paragraphs 1-5 a Doiton the moved Whats it exactly? b Brain training e Mental pictures < How isit used? 4. a Without looking at the article, match the words to make collocations. concentration outlook confidence = power optimum building positive ‘method/tool/technique training performance Check your answers in the article. 5 Complete the definitions with the collocations in 4a. Positive visualization, 1 can lead to optimum performance in sports Disa that we can apply to other skills outside sports. 3 works when combined with a 4 canhelp in for athletes. 5 canhelp increase 6 @ Work in pairs, Discuss the question, ‘© Think of a skill that you have had to learn. Do you think positive visualization could have helped you do it better? Positive Visualization 1 Positive visualization is a training technique that has been Used in fields as diverse as medicine, management and sports, psychology. There is a powerful relationship between mental and physical performance in sports. For athletes, visualization is used primal to improve the quality of athletic movement, increase concentration power and reduce the pressures of competition through confidence building, 2 ‘Visualization occurs when athletes create an image or a series of images, such as a diver imagining himself at the point he enters the water. Without any external prompts or stimulation, ‘the images are mentally generated by the athlete alone, Visual images are only one part of the technique; sounds, sensations, muscle movements and emotions also play an important part 32> ‘Visualization isa skill that needs practice. When familiar with the technique the athlete can immediately access an image that conveys a representation of perfection. The brain is directing the muscles to work in a desired way creating a neural pattern in the brain, a pattern identical to the one created by the actual physical performance of the movements. 4 During organized athletic training, psychologists and athletes wil practice and perfect the visualization techniques in a quiet atea to eliminate distractions. The technique can be used as a mental rehearsal or practice of the specific techniques required in a sport (e.g, the footwork of a high jumper before takeoft) 5 It can be used during the athletes’ off hours, during training, rehabilitation or just before their performance. These visualizations, when combined with a positive outlook, assist in athletes’ reaching optimum performance. Now this technique is being applied to other skills, such as language learning, giving presentations and live performing, too.LISTENING 1 @))ns Listen to two people talking about using English in the future. Match images a-f to their future visions. ‘More than one answer may be correct. What is the difference between their visions? 2. Listen again and answer the questions. 1 What problems do the speakers imagine? What's the reason for this? 2 What kinds of positive visualization do you think might help them with these problems? 3 a Read Transcript 11.5 on page 41 and complete the sentences. What expressions do Rashid and Louise use to talk about this imagined future? 1 thope to 2 [ike the idea of meeting 3 Ican see myself 4 really appeals to me, 5 V'dlike to live 6 It'd be great to b Rewrite the answers in 3a so that they are true for you. = 11 Read the example of another student's vision. What is the difference between this vision and those in LisTENING 1? How does the speaker make it more effective? SPEAKING “Iclose my eyes, and Iimagine my life three or four years from now. I speak in English as well as Tspeak in Spanish now. In my dream Ilive in New York. Iwork in a hospital taking care of my patients. I talk with them fluently, and I understand everything that they tell me. Tam very self-confident. I'm aware of the importance of| language in my job because a nurse works with people. Thave to talk with my patients to know how they are, and I should be sensitive to their needs. I have to talk to the doctors, too, in order to understand the treatment and diagnosis. A small mistake can have enormous and terrible consequences, so Iam always very careful.” 2 What specific images from Emilia’ vision in 1 come into your mind as you read the text? {can imagine her standing next to a bed ina hospital ward. 3 Imagine yourself speaking English as vividly as possible. Try to imagine particular details. Use the questions to help you. ‘© Where are you? Who are you with? «© Is ita place related to work or pleasure? ‘© What exactly are you saying? How long do you speak for? ‘© What is the reaction of the people around you? How do they respond? Are there any sounds or movements that you are aware of? ‘© Isthere any moment when things go wrong? If so, what do you do to straighten things out? ‘© Does the vision end? Is ita one-time scene or one that is repeated? 4 @ work in pairs. Once you have “captured” your vision, tell it to your partner and discuss similarities and differences. 5 @ Listen to other students’ visions. Are there any recurring ones? Which are the most vivid and memorable?11.4 FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE: TUNE IN 11a Look at the images. What problems do you think the People are having? Use the words in the box to help you guess. attention span computer concentrate contract crash distracted erase noise schedule Look at the problems on page 40 and check your answers. 2. a Look at statements 1-3. Which of the problems in Images a-c do you think they are addressing? 1 You should always save a copy of your files. 2 If I were you, I'd read the small print first before you sign, 3 Inyour shoes, Id set myself deadlines. b Underline the different expressions for giving advice. | 3 @)nsTisten to three people giving advice about the problems in 1. Which of images a~c are they talking about? Mark the words in 1a that you hear. a Listen again. Which speaker talks about 1 setting an objective? 2 focusing on one thing at a time? 3. doing something different? 4 isolating yourself? 5 taking a break? b Which person do you think gives the best advice? 5 Look at some ways of responding to advice. Which accept the advice and which reject it? 1 That's a good idea 2 That doesn't normally work for me. 3 OK, Iltry that. 4 You know, Id prefer not to 5 Yes, that could work, thanks. CTW rew PNK Peart} ae 6 Look at some more pieces of advice. What do you think could be the problem in each case? 1 Have you thought about getting a new look? 2 If were you, 'd end the relationship, 3 In your situation/position/shoes, I'd move, 4 You could always change jobs. 5. You should/ought to start saving some money, 7 a @ work in pairs. student A, choose a problem on this page and ask Student 8 for advice. Student B, give advice. Student A, respond by either accepting or rejecting the advice, b Switch roles. 8 @ act out the conversation with other students. Can they guess which problem you are talking about? Rte mcoeas epee Orie ue resets har eee ne Poem coe ee ea Corre Peete ee es ee oe OVER TO YOU 9 @ think of your own problem. Go around the classroom, explain your problem and ask other students to give advice. Listen, decide on the best advice and accept it. Reject the other pieces of advice. 10 @ Report back on your decision to the rest of the class.SPEAKING TASK: | MAKING A GOOD IMPRESSION 1 Look at images a-c. In what different contexts do you think these people are introducing themselves or being introduced? 2. a Match the pieces of advice 1-3 to images a-c. More than one answer may be possible. 1 After the first few minutes you won't be nervous, so remember to stay calm. 2 You should offer the card when you say hello. 3 Afirm b @)ns Listen to three people in different situations. What do you think they are doing wrong? Match mistakes iii to situations 1-3. i. The tone is too informal and familiar. ii The person shouldn't make a joke. il The speaker shouldn't say how he/she is feeling 3 Inwhich of the situations in Transcript 11.8 would sentences 1-6 fit well? 1 Well, feel 'm well qualified for the position because of my previous work experience. 2 Please don't hesitate to contact me if you need any additional information. 3 I'd like to thank x for inviting me to speak to you all today. 4 I'm going to speak about the field of. 5 look forward to hearing from you when it's convenient. 6 Pleased to meet you, too. Many thanks for giving me | 4 -@))ns.isten to the improved versions or tne situations in 11.8 and check your answers. What other differences did you notice? Listen to Transcript 11.9. In what ways is formality expressed? PREPARE FOR TASK 5 @ Work in pairs. Have you ever been in one of the situations in the images? How did you handle it? What went wrong or right? 6 Choose one of the situations, and plan other ways in which you could present yourself in a positive light (not necessarily through language). Rank the suggestions in ‘order of importance. Is it all good advice? Appear confident, Establish eye contact with audience/interiocutor. Dress conservatively Smile in a friendly way. Be in control of your topic. ‘Answer a question even if you don't know the answer. ouhuna TASK 7 @ work in pairs. Act out one of the situations in the images. Practice it in a formal and an informal way. Remember to use body language. ReporT BACK B Listen to other students’ conversations. Which was the best formal and informal conversation? Why? ++ coto writing bank. .20 IE12 MEMORIES1 a @ Work in pairs. Look at the image and discuss the questions. ‘© Who wrote the message? ‘© Who was it written for? ‘* What do you think he/she forgot? '® What do you think happened next? 'b Share your ideas with the class. When was the last time you said sory, I forgot? Who did you say it to and TS 2 a @)2: Listen to three people answering the question in 1b. What did they forget? Are any of the answers similar to yours? b Listen again and complete the sentences. 1 [forgot to buy vyesterday...on the way home from 2 Heeven me up to remind me to bring it with me, 3 But I did remember to 4 Icompletely forgot Sunday was just didn’t remember to 6 I've set my toremind me! itto him today! 3 Look again at the sentences in 2b and complete A in the Key VocaBuLary PANEL Bl. 4 @ work in pairs. Answer the questions. 1 Do you ever forget any of the things in the list? © people's names © important dates (birthdays, anniversaries, Mother's Day) © appointments (doctor's/dentist’s/beauty salon) your phone, your sunglasses, your umbrella © online passwords and PIN numbers 2 What methods do you use to help you remember? Think about the ideas in the box and add your own. calendar diary lists cell phone Postits 3 Doyouthink ii havea ia wari 5S @)v2 Listen to three people answering the questions in 4. Which question is each person answering? 1 ana 2 Pete 3 Eli 6 a Lookat the sentences. Which person from 5 is, speaking? 1 [have a photographic memory. | found it really easy to memorize things in school. Sometimes | think | have a really bad short-term memory! I have a really bad memory for names! | usually ask someone else to remind me. | forget other things too, ike umbrellas, sunglasses. ‘And when it comes to distant memories, childhood ‘memories and things lke that. they become really vague. bb @® work in pairs. are any ofthe answers similar to yours? = @ Key VOCABULARY Remembering A Verbs We use.. remember, forget, remind + to + verb (NOT verb + ing) when there is something important that you need (or needed) to do. Use remember / remind + to followed by the thing ‘you need to do. Use remember / remind followed by the person who needs to do it. ‘remembered to call her. Please remind me to call her. We use. ‘remember, forget + -ing (NOT to + verb) when we are thinking about actions, events and feelings in. the past ‘remember hearing that music ata party recently © Complete the sentences so that they are true for you. Lalways forget to Hnever forget ing eta B Adjectives childhood clear distant early happy long-term photographic precious selective short-term vague visual vivid © Look at the adjectives above. Which can be used to describe a) memory (ability to remember things)? long-term by memories (things we remember about the past)? childhood a Complete B in the Key Vocasucany PAWEL Bl b @ Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. © Do you think you have a selective memory? Give examples. '® Which do you think is more important: short-term, memory or long-term memory? Why?CHILDHOOD Memories READING 1 @ Work in pats. took at the images and discuss the questions «+ What do the images have in common? {what are the people doing in each ofthe images? can you remember doing any ofthese things when you werea child It so, who di you do them with? 2 a @ Work in pairs. Read the blog post. Which of the images best matches the blog post? Why? Think of a title for the blog post. b Read the blog post again. Answer the questions. 1. Why did the writer write this blog post? 2 The writer imagines her grandfather's reaction. Does she think it would have been positive or negative? 3 The writer speaks about changes that have taken place since her grandfather died. What changes does she mention? 4 The writer doesn't tell us why she chose the photo at the end. Do you know what this photo is about? Why do you think the writer likes this photo? 3. Find words in the text that mean., 1 to make a mental connection between two separate things or ideas started (a business) perfect told someone they had done something wrong someone who is very enthusiastic about new things 6 progress @ Work in groups. Discuss the questions. ‘* How do the writer's childhood memories compare to yours? ‘© Which people influenced you most as a young child? Why? woo Thanks, Grandpa! Today is the birthday ofthe great Intemet search engine, Goole. W's also the anniversary ofthe death of my grandfather It may seem strange to associate the two things, but I've just found out that my grandpa died on the very day Google was fst launched. This got me thinking about ll the things that have changed in the word since then, And i's made me wonder what my grandpa would have thought oft al a When | was aki, we use to spend summer vacations at my grandparents’ Ikwas lot of un. They led in the country, and those vacations are ful of icylic childhood memories, We used to go fishing, we’ help out withthe hens and the pgs, we'd swim in the ver and eat the strawberries as we picked them inthe yard, And Grandma always scolded us! ‘And we also spent hours in font of my grandpa’s computer. He was an early computer but; ne was fascinated by al echnical things. He'd worked as a news photographer, and he loved digital photography and all its potential. | wonder what he'd have thought of the advances in digital ahotogranty today. What would he have sald about the “age of the image"? Would he have approved? | like to thnk he would. He was always one for sharing, and | think if he'd been alive today, he'd have appreciated the way Google and the Intemet and sites lke Flickr and YouTube have made it so easy to find and to share images across the word So, in loving memory of @ great man who filed me with enthusiasm for everyting that's new and exciting I'd ike to share my all-time favoriteGRAMMAR 1 Complete the extract from the text in READING 2a using approved, said and thought. Check your answers in the text. Look again at the extract in 1a and answer the questions. 1 Whois "he"? 2 Is the writer asking about something that really happened, or is she imagining it? 2 Complete 1-7 in the Grammar PANEL Bl. 3 a Put the words in italics in the correct order. Check your answer in READING 2a. Ithink he alive if been ‘d today “appreciated ‘have ‘d he the way Google and the Internet have made itso easy to find and to share, images across the world. Look at the sentence in 3a and answer the questions. 1 What does ‘d stand for in And in 2 2 Which verb phrase, “” or ®, describes. a) the imaginary reaction or result? b) the imaginary situation? 4. Complete 8-10 in the Grammar panes Bi. 5 a Complete the sentences using the past perfect or would have + past participle. ain (go) to bed earlier last night, {ot be) so tired this morning 2mm (ot be) so tired this morning, 1 (get) out of bed earlier 3ifl (not get) up late, |_(not miss) the bus. aif (not miss) the bus, 1 Get) here on time, sift (get) here on time, you (not be) so angry with me! tb @ when was the last time you were late for something? Why were you late? Write three sentences Using if + past perfect + would have to explain the situation. Then share it with the class. A Would have ‘My grandfather would have approved of the advances in digital photography, (The writer imagines her grandfather's reactions and uses would have to show this) Complete the chart below using ‘d, would or wouldn't 1 ere teal hhave approved cig = He nexlldethave approved. PEE © 044 ne rave approved? No, he wi B if + past perfect We use if + past perfect to describe an imaginary situation in the past. Complete the examples using ‘d, had or hadn't + if my grandfather ®, fhe, lived longer. = ihe died.. ‘See page 38 for grammar reference and more practice. been alive.. PRONUNCIATION: Contractions with had/would have da ¢) Loo} ener = notice how the words in bold are contracted in speech. ‘fhe had been there, he would have done the same thing b Listen and repeat. 2. a Write out sentences 1-3 with their full forms. Practice reading them out loud with the contracted forms. 1 If they'd asked me, I've said no. 2 I've paid less if 'd waited. 3 If she'd known, she'd’ve done something about it. b @ work in pairs. Think of a context for each of the sentences in 2a. Share your ideas with the class. SPEAKING 1 a @ Work in small groups. Discuss this question. « Ifyou had been born 20 years earlier, how would your life have been different? bb Compare your answers with the rest of the class. Which difference would have been the most important? Why?22 Me... eee. VocasuLary: Phrasal verbs (2) 1 a @ Work in pairs. Complete the extracts without SPEAKING & LISTENING 1 @ work in pairs. Look at the photos. Discuss the coffee: the sense of smell, the sense of taste © Do any of them trigger any memories for you? If so, what? more of the photos. Which photos a-e do they talk 3. a Listen again. Answer the questions. There may be more than one answer. Who talks about d 1 a place where they lived in the past? Sc 2 a place they visited? C, 3. seeing something for the fist time? 4 sounds they associate with their memories? Cx. 5 the thing that triggers their memory? Q— b @ Work in pairs. Compare your answers and make a lst of the sights, smells and sounds that are mentioned by the three people. Read Transcript 12.4 on page 42 and check your answers, 4. Which sense is the strongest in triggering memories for you? Give examples. looking at the transcript. 1 Love the smell of fresh Itreally takes me back. 2 I had just started working for a , taking care of their three 3 | just stood there and looked at the _ trying to ‘take it alli. 4 Once | actually got in the , they just couldn't tear me away! 5 Hove this It brings back great memories of our 6 t's great place to just soak up the ) —_— hed Look at the phrasal verbs in bold in 1a. Match them to definitions a-f. absorb and understand information OK Wp being responsible for someone or something to trigger feelings or memories remind somebody of the past spend time enjoying an experience take someone from a place using force » Complete the questions with the verbs in 1a. 1 Can you think of any special sights or sounds that —___ you to your childhood? 2 Was there any special game or activity you loved so ‘much as a child that your parents had to you fromit? 3 Have you ever had to young children? If yes, what are your main memories? 4 Do you have any favorite songs or music that particular memories? 5 When was the last time you sat back and the sun? Where were you? Who were you with? What else can you remember about the moment? 6 Do you find that we are offered too much information these days? Do you sometimes find it difficult to ital and remember it? b @ workin pairs. skand answer the questions in 3a. Share your answers wih the cass.GRAMMAR 1a Match 1-9 to a-i to make sentences The café had only just ve always had never {had just They had They were We'd just It’s Wve associated the smell of coffee with the clatter of cups. been to visit the antique market in San Telmo. held once a week. opened when | moved in. planned a vacation in Spain. seen the ocean before. started working for a family seen the tango so many times, lulled to sleep by the waves. Look at the verbs in the completed sentences in 1a. Which verbs are in a) the present perfect? b) the past perfect? c) the passive? What do the three forms have in common? 2 Look at the Grammar PaNeL Mil. Read the list of uses for the three verb forms. Which uses can you find in the sentences in 1a? 3a Complete the sentences so that they are true for you. Use past participles at the beginning of each blank. Use the verbs in the box to help you. award build choose fly forget give go locate love meet pass play sail study try visit want 1 Tve never 2 Ie always 3 Ive three times this week. 4 itd 'd have been a very different person, 5 I'd never before this year, © Myelementary school was 7 One of my favorite TV shows was 8 was really happy when my teachers told me that | had 9 [wasn't very happy when my friends told me that they had b @ work n pars, compare your answers. Were any of them the same? 4 @ choose two of your answers in 3a and read the ‘words you wrote in the blanks out loud. Can the class ‘guess which sentences you are reading from? Past participles The past participle is used to form. + perfect tenses (have + past participle) + the passive voice (be + past participle) Uses of the present perfect + to talk about an action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present + to talk about an action that happened at some time in the past, But we don't focus on when it happened exactly + to talk about experiences in general Uses of the past perfect + to show that one action happened before another + to report speech + with ifto describe an imaginary or hypothetical situation in the past Uses of the passive voice + to emphasize who is responsible for an action using by ‘+ when we don’t know who or what is responsible for an action ‘+ when it's obvious who or what is responsible for an action + todescribea process See page 38 for grammar reference and more practice. SPEAKING 1 a @ work in pairs. Look at the photo. Where do you think it was taken? What time of day is it? What is the weather like? b Imagine the rest of the scene. What do you think is happening around the fountain? imagine the sounds, smells and sensations. If you were there, what would you be doing? 2 a @ work in pairs or small groups. imagine that there are some people in the scene in 1b. Two (or more) of the people are having a conversation, What do you think they are talking about? Act out their conversation. b Repeat the conversation for the class. Can the class ‘guess the relationship between the people?12.3 LEARN IT BY HEART SPEAKING 1 @ Work in pairs. Look at the images. What do you think the people are trying to learn? Which do you think is the most difficult to learn by heart?* Why? * to learn something by heart—to memorize something so that you can repeat it perfectly without having to read from a book or a piece of paper 2 @ Work in pairs. Look at the list. Discuss the questions. ‘multiplication tables math and science equations poems periodic table lines ina play verb lists the wards to a song notes for an exam pieces of musi ‘© Did you learn any of these things by heart when you ‘were at school? Which was the easiest? And the most, difficult? Can you still remember them now? ‘* Have you ever had to memorize anything else? if yes, what? How long did it take you? Can you still remember it today? What’s New? CM essa coca nel) | a eee Perma ee ety Sra are a ete are etter ay Ree eee et aes cen SR elr aed e ran Yd PM eee na eee RCE eTa Ted EN Nae edna eared Tae. READING 1 a Read the introduction to a web page about rote learning. What information do you think the texts in links 1-3 will give about rote learning? b Read texts B-D and check your answers to 1a, ‘Match texts B-D to links 1-3. 2 a Look at the symbols and their meaning. Read texts B-D again and write the symbols alongside the texts to show your reactions. \=1 didn’t know that/that's realy interesting v=yes, lagree or | knew that already 7 'm not sure | agree/understand disagree b @ work in pairs. compare your notes. Explain why you wrote the symbols where you did, Did you write any symbols in the same places and for the same reasons? Share your answers with the class. 3a Look at texts A-D again. Which text tells us the following information? 1 alot of people are talking about rote learning 2 alotoof different people use rote learning in their day-to-day lives 3 rote learning is good for you 4 rote learning is no longer a relevant skill 5 rote learning is a valid and important skill in some professions 6 rote learning does not encourage critical thinking b Has your attitude to rote learning changed at all after reading the information web page? Why/Why not?Co — aes eee ee era yy ee ea Pere eae et ee urbrains healthy and fi, and pre eee ee ene eee jobs, doctors ad hes C enc eet Pee ts der to ke Serre VOCABULARY: Review 11 Look at the words in the box. You have exactly two minutes to memorize them. When you have finished, close your books and write down as many of the words as you can remember. ranch sign language poster speech browse crops graffiti exhibition gesture newspaper 2. Repeat the exercise with the words in the box. This time notice that the words are in alphabetical order. barrier dump join junk link mask myth parade stuff tale vacation version 3 @ repeat the exercise again with the words in the box. But before you do, work in pairs, decide ifthe words are nouns, verbs or adjectives and match them to the four unit topics. Some words can be more than one. Topics 1 Permission and prohibition 3 Identity 2 Ideas and solutions 4 Memory confi short benefit ce enable innovative remind m trespassing vague virtual eens repealing something over and Bere ee Peery reece eee wurbing earthquake clumsy compulsory ie Cee Cicer ees eee eer a sah la hs Ciel Pe ee Pee een eo} ey and critical thinking. They bel ee are a enc .0 use it when eur en er eee Peer Sey Benois Gees rr life, The key is in the number of Cia ao ia ort a ed eee te ee cee econ and how to analyze, evaluate and et 4 a @ Work in pairs. Which memory test did you find the easiest to do? Why? b Read the short commentary on the memory tests. Do you agree? “Most people find that its easier to remember the list. of 12 words when they have processed them in some \way: Categorizing or grouping usually works wel, as does trying to create or remember acontext fora word. Words that are presented in some kind of order, eg alphabetical, are usually easier to remember than ones that don't seem to have any order atall, Most language experts agree that one of the best ways to learn and remember vocabulary is to read as much and as widely as you can, encountering the new words again and again in a variety of contexts. | 5 Choose five of the words from 2 and 3. Write a definition for each one. Close your books and read your definitions to the class. Can your classmates remember the words? <_§—$—SSe 6 a 4)x° Listen to three people talking about how they learn vocabulary. Prepare notes on the main techniques they use b @ work in pairs. Compare your notes. which technique do you think isthe most effective? Why? Do you know of any other techniques for learning vocabulary?12.4 FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE: | APOLOGIZING TUNE IN 11 Look at the images. What do you think each Person is apologizing for? What do you think they are saying or are going to say? Whose apology do you think is most heartfelt? 2a ea To four short conversatfons. Match conversations 1-4 to images a-c. Which conversation does not match an image? b @ Work in pairs. compare your answers. What image does the fourth conversation create in your mind? Focus ON LANGUAGE 3 a Lookat the extracts from 2a. Which conversations do they come from? I'm sorry, Ill doit for the next class. b I really am very sorry. There was no excuse. I'm so sorry! That was so clumsy. I'm really sorry. | promise it won't happen again! b Match extracts a-d in 3a to responses i-iv. i. It's OK, Just don’t let it happen again! ii Yeah... until the next time! iii Well, | suppose that'll have to do! iv Don't worry; ll get a cloth. 4. Listen again and decide which apology sounds 4) the most sincere, b) the least sincere. ES 5 a @ work in pairs. Write short apologies for situations 1-4. + you bump into someone in a bar and spill their drink 2 you arrive late at a meeting 3 you forgot your best friend's birthday 4 you forgot to bring your wallet and cat pay for something in a store Think of appropriate responses for each apology. Act out the situations with your partner, 6 a @))nsustento three more apologies and answer the questions. 1 Where are they? 2 What ar they apologizing for? tb @ work in pars. Compare your answers 7 a Put the words in the correct order to make formal apologies. 1 announce regret we to 2 inconvenience for apologize we any 3 phone we're answer afraid can't the we b Match apologies 1-3 n 7a to their informal equivalents a-c. ‘2 We're sorry if we've caused you any problems. b We're really sorry, but we can't answer the phone, ¢ We're sorry to say. OVER To You 8 a Look at the situations. Decide 2) if you think a formal or informal apology would be better. b)ifit would be better to apologize in person, on the phone, by e-mail or by text 1 You are on your way to meet a friend, you're running late and will probably arrive about half an hour after the time you'd agreed. 2 You will not be able to attend a work meeting tomorrow because of an unexpected personal problem. 3. You borrowed your friend's bike and it was damaged in an accident. 4 You don't think you'll be able to attend a distant relative's wedding party because of work commitments. tb @ work in pairs, act out one of the face-to-face or phone apologies to the class. 9 Do you generally prefer to apologize face to face or in writing? Why?WRITING Tas' TUNE IN his particular story has grown into a kind of family legend, the myth of the monster mushroom. I was four when it happened, We were on a camping trip in the North of Scotland. Ican remember my bed inthe camper. can remember wearing red boots and splashing in puddles in the rain. And | think remember the story ofthe giant mushroom, but then again i's been told so many times that Im not sure anymore what'.areal memory and what ist But backto the story. We had stopped forthe nightin afield near a river. In the morning | got up and put on my favorite boots. Dad was already up and looking for mushrooms. | was just Playing around, apparently, when I came across this enormous mushroom. According to the story Ive heard so many times, | picked the mushroom up,and itfilled my lite four-year-old arms. There was lots of cheering and clapping, and the mushroom ‘went into the frying pan, Now that’s something | remember really ciealy. | remember that the mushroom almost completely filled the pan. There are no photos of that. | think those really ‘are my memories, but they may just be images | created to illustrate the story in my mind, Can a mushroom really be as big as a frying pan? And apparently the mushroom was one of the most delicious mushrooms ever, of so the story goes. Of course I canit remember that part. Everyone knows four-year-olds hate mushrooms! 11a Lookat the two images, read the story and explain the connection. b Read the story again. How much of the story does the ‘writer actually remember, and how much of it has he been told later in lifer 2 @ work in small groups. Discuss the questions. share your answers with the class. © What are your earliest childhood memories? How old were you? ‘= How do you know they are real memories and not images that have been created by other people's stories? ‘© Can we ever trust our early memories to be 100% accurate? ‘Why/Why not? : CHILDHOOD MEMORIES retirees es ee eee year is not in the plural aL ea aye a Tenet PREPARE FOR TASK 3 a Lookat the text in 1a. Underline the sections that explain what actually happened in the story. Identify... 1 the main event. 2 an action that happened the day before. 3 an action in progress when the main event took place. 'b Which verb form is used to describe each action, the past simple, past continuous or past perfect? Write a short paragraph describing what you think happened after the mushroom was cooked. Use a variety of verb forms. Find the words and phrases in the box in the text in 1a, What function are they performing? What do they tell us about the story? according to the story (or so the story goes apparently Task 6 a Think of a story from your childhood. Prepare notes about... ‘© how ald you were, where you were and what you were doing there ‘© who was with you and their part in the story. ‘© the main events, © how it ended, 'b You are going to write the story as an entry to an online competition. Write the story as you remember it. REPORT BACK 7 a @ work in pairs. Exchange stories from 6b. Read your partner's story, and write two or three ‘questions you would like to ask to find out more about the story. b Ask and answer.Review D | UNIT 10 VOCABULARY Ideas & solutions 1a Change the sentences using the word in parentheses. 1 This invention really helps people who live a long way from each other. (benefit) 2 It means that they can communicate with each other cheaply. enable) 3 Andit really helps people who live alone. (a great help) b ——=—=1 fenvand chec What invention do you think the sentences are describing? 2 a Look at the image of the bicycle. write a similar text to ‘a about its benefits. b @ work in pars. Talk about an invention that has Fealy helped you Aya pana me do so pees Phrasal verbs (1) 3 a Choose the correct phrasal verb to complete the questions, 1 Have you taken up / burned out a new sport or free-time activity recentiy? 2 Have you ever had to give up / keep up something because you didn’t have enough time to do it? 3 Do you sometimes find it dificult to keep up / take up with your workload? 4 Do you know anyone who has worked so hard they've burned out f cated on? b @ work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions. Melia prac 4 a @)rtTistento tour people. What msight is each person talking about in each case? b Listen again and fill in the blanks. The first letter of ‘each word is given. 1 Suddenly, Is the! knew had to. 2 Then it just c sir had to. 3 lwasatac 3 I could go one w. or the other. 4 Then thad af. off. the way forward was to open my own business. GRAMMAR Passives a Complete the sentences using an appropriate form of the passive and the verbs in parentheses. v1 never toa wedding. (invite) Ath once to represent my school in track and field. (choose) 3 Our house this week. (redecorate) 4 English in most of the stores and restaurants downtown. (speak) 5 My hometown by the Phoenicians over 3,000 years ago. (found) b @ workin pairs. are the sentences true for you or your town? If not, change them so that they are. Who, that a Join the sentences using a relative pronoun (who/that).. In which cases is the pronoun NOT necessary? 1 That's the test, I faled it, 2 I love movies. They scare me. 3 ike people. They make me laugh. 4 | bought a watch. It cost 100 dollars. 5. I don’t understand people. They are impolite. 6 Marlene’s the woman. | was talking about her yesterday. tb @ work in pairs. change the sentences so that they are meaningful to you. Compare with your partner's FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE Getting things done a = fen fo two conversations. Wmere is each taking place? What does each person want to do? Listen again. Mark the expressions that you hear. 1. [need to have / get my driver's license renewed. 8 Your new license will be renewed / sent within ten days, 2A Canyyou get this suit cleaned / washed by the end of the day? We can get it done / ready by seven tonight. @ Work in pairs. Think of a service that you need. done. Act out the conversations. i LOOKING BACK © Think of five gadgets or machines that you have used today. Which do you think is the most useful and why? * Think of five common turning points in people's lives Think of five useful expressions that you have learned this unit. In which situations could you use them?Sc VOCABULARY Identity 1a Fillin the blanks with an appropriate role and a verb from the list. fan loner lover care entertain escape performer support 1 She's a big of the Yankees; she them even when they lose. 2 She's a real animal + she really for them, 3 He's a natural jhe likes an audience and he was born to 4 She's kind of a : she likes to and get away from other people. b @))n2s @ work in pairs. Listen and check. Do you know someone who could match the roles? OSS Gaming 2 @ Work in pairs. Which two of these words cannot be preceded by “virtual” or “online”? community self world age identity computer shopping, space Personality adjectives 3 a Think of an adjective to match these descriptions. 1 He's always losing things and forgetting appointments. 2 She's always tripping over or spilling things; it’s terrible. 3 He's really sociable and likes meeting new people. 4 He can never make up his mind. 5 She's a very private person; she keeps things to herself. b Which of the descriptions in 3a could apply to somebody you know? GRAMMAR Imaginary situations 1 a Write consequences for these imaginary situations. What would happen if... everyone drove a car? everyone spoke English? nobody needed to work? there were no borders between countries? Ifeveryone drove a car, the cities would be even more polluted. bb @ workin pairs. compare your ideas. Then think of an imaginary situation of your own. Beco 2 a Look at the picture. What does this person wish? Make sentences with if only and I wish If only/I wish in pairs. Think of some things that you ‘would like to change about yourself and your world. FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE Giving advice ta —$————a fen to someone giving advice to a friend and complete the chart. = b Listen again and complete the advice, If were you, You could always Have you thought about. 2 a @ Work in pairs. Look at the three situations. ‘Choose one and write three pieces of advice using the structures in 1b. © your friend wants to sign up for a language course abroad your mom wants to buy a new computer * your teacher wants to do something different in class b Compare your advice with the rest of the class. Who gives the best advice? i LOOKING BACK ‘© Think of five different ways of describing your identity. '® Think of five pieces of advice that you have given or have been given recently. Was the advice followed? © Which vocabulary would you most like to remember from this unit? How are you going to remember it?STs VOCABULARY Remembering (verbs) Match 1-6 to a-f to make sentences. There may be more than one answer. Hil never forget Please remind me I can’t remember that smoking is not permitted. b ‘ Iflremember correctly e f ‘meeting the president. saying that, 'm really sorry! to set the alarm, OK? | mustn't forget the keys this tim | must remind you we're meeting on the 16th. Use prompts 1-6 in 1 to make your own sentences. never forget when Spain won the World Cup. panauns b @ workin pairs. compare and discuss your sentences in 2a with your partner. Remembering (adjectives) ‘a Rewrite the underlined sections in the sentences using terms in the box, and make any other changes necessary. Two do not apply. early long-term photographic precious selective short-term vivid memory 1 Like most people, | can remember things that | have heard recenth 2 Ihave a clear idea of my first few years, it's all very detailed. 3 One of the first things | remember is going to the fair with my parents and riding on a merry-go-round, 4 I don't forget a place easily, the image stays in my mind. 5 I think it’s true that sometimes people remember just what they want to remember about a situation. b @))m« Listen and compare. Make the sentences. ve Phrasal verbs (2) ‘a Think about 1-5 and prepare notes. 1. Akind of taste or sound or smell that takes you back to. childhood or brings back special memories. 2. Atime when you took care of something or someone, 3 Aplace you went to that was so interesting you had to tear yourself away. 4 Atime when you just sat back, watched the scene and took it all in without actually doing anything, 5 Your favorite place for soaking up the sun. b @ Work in pairs. Compare your notes and discuss. The smell of feshly cut grass reminds me of when my dad ‘mowed the lawn, GRAMMAR Imaginary situations: Past 1 a Look at the situations. write sentences about them. using would have + if + past perfect. Regrets 1 | didn’t study abroad when | had the chance. 2 I gave up music lessons when | was a child. 3 I didn’t have any children. ‘Things I'm happy about 4 | went to college. 5 | got married. 6 I continued playing soccer. b @ work in pairs. compare your create your own situations. Review 2 a Complete the sentences in any way you like to make true sentences about you and your life. 1 Fve always to 2 Yesterday, X told me that he/she had 3 thad just when 4 thad never until recently, 5 thave for 6 My favorite was 7 The is going tobe b ))e Listen = ‘Were their answers similar to yours? FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE Apolog\iN€ __aeeemmersrrg 1a @))x28 Listen to three people apologizing, What are they sorry about? Does the other person accept the apology? b Listen again and fil in the blanks. A tm®___© __ {forgot your birthday. 8 Dont | don’t celebrate it anymore... ¢1@___@__ © ___ that haven'thad time to do that work you asked me for... 've just. D Well,that's__ © _ © etm) _1 don’t know how it _ F Well, 1do actually..Just don’t >_ 69 again, OK? i LOOKING BACK ‘© Think about what aspects of English you have improved ‘most during the course. ‘© What has been the most useful thing about this final unit?BRING IT TOGETHER 10, 11 & 12 LISTENING 1a @ Work in small groups. Look at the word cloud showing different language and skills that people might need more practice in. Which Of these could be a priority for you? slang/colloquial expression pronunciation grammatical accuracy formal/polite tone listening practice fluency practice b 4) Listen to two people talking about the areas they need to work on. Mark the words they mention in 1 2 Listen again and answer the questions. 1 11 Why was the interview such a key moment for the speaker? 2 Which ofthe things n 1a does he consider to be a priority and which not? What are his plans forthe future? Why is the speaker still not fluent? ‘What does she think would help her? What are her aims? What is she looking forward to in particular? ouanw 3 Choose the correct options to complete the text. SPEAKING 4 @ Workin pairs. who do you feel more similar to, Didac or Juliana? why? 5 a @ work in groups. Look back at the word cloud in 1a and discuss the questions. © What are your general aims and priorities after finishing this course? © What specific areas of English do you think you need to work on? © How are you going to do this? b Report back on your discussion to the rest of the class. Make a list of ‘your priorities and plans. Didac ‘Well, thad an interview the other day, and after that realized that had to prioritize different things in my Englisl studies. lwant tobe a doctor and study in the U.S. Anyway, the interview didn't go very well.1 am /was asked lots of different questions, and sometimestI didn't understand them the first time. {think Iwi /would benefit from ‘more listening practice. wish 1 “have /had done some ‘of hat before the interview; it was embarrassing to ask ‘them to repeat. Alo, the man who /whick interviewed me spoke very formally. hat wouldn't be /have been a prodTe had 1a had been familiar with that kind of language, but | wast So, 1 ‘think wil / would find learning more formal expressions very useful as ‘well. The good thing was that the interviewer understood me, and the person ho /which| spoke to atthe end said | sounded very American. Juliana ‘The thing that /who {stil find really dificult is sounding fluent. still speak in short sentences. Ihave to think about ‘what 'm going to say next. I really need to work on that. 11 %had /have more time, 1"could /can doa language ‘exchange. That's where I could get some more practice. 1 have been / will be told that just chatting alittle bit every day should help. think that wilt /would be worth doing, 1 don't really need English for work. And {don't want to sound like a native speaker “which /who says everything perfectly. just want to sound like myself, with the same con ‘my mother tongue. 1 wish teachers “would rell/had told me that when 1 was studying. Next week, 'm seeingan Australian friend "°hvho /which is going to teach meall the slang and street language from Australia. That'll be great! i Quick CHECK Complete the checklist below. 1. describe a process and/or how something works? | Oo Oo 2 talk about solutions and innovations? 3 inquire about certain services you want done? 4 talk about your identity? 5 explain problems and give advice? 6 give a good impression when introducing yourself? 7 talk about changes and their consequences? oo;o joo 00 o,o;o joo)}0)0 o)oO}ojoO|}O,oO}o);0 recount a childhood memory? = Compare your answers with a partner's, ‘© What else do you know now after studying units 10-12 © Do you need to look again at any of the sections? © Doyou need any extra help from your teacher?UNIT 10 GRAMMAR REFERENCE 10.1 Passives Ina sentence with a passive verb, the object ofthe action (the thing or person affected by the ation) becomes the subject of the verb ‘Active: They have instal 10,000 new solar panels (Object) Passive: 10,000 new solar panels have been instal. (subject) To form the passive voice of a verb use an appropriate form of be + the past participle ‘More and more money being invested in alternative energy Wind farms were introduced in Denmark in the early 19005. ssi fues wl be replaced by alternative energy sources \When we want to include the person or thing responsible for the action, we use by + noun, Active Alterative energy sources wil replace ossi ues Passive: Foss fuels wil be replaced by alternative energy sources We can also use by to describe the means by which an action is performed! The books were writen out by hand The information was sent by e-mail We don’ use by when: it’s obvious who/what is responsible for the action The food was brought to our table, (a walter or other member ofthe restaurant staff brought it, we don't need ta knaw exactly wha) we don’t know who/what | The cake had been eaten. (we don't know is responsible for an action sho ate it) to describe a process The coffe s harvested, processed and sent t0 the main plant 10.2 WHO oR THAT Relative clauses ‘We use who and that to introduce a relative clause, Relative clauses ad¢ information about a person or thing. Who | person That person or thing Hewas the one who wan the race There's the runner that won the race There's the runner who won the ace. Omitting who or that ‘Sometimes we omit the relative pronoun. We can omit who or that when itis not the subject of the verb that follows (when there is another subject ‘or subject pronoun): The photos (that) we took that day are hanging on the kitchen wal (we is the subject of the verb, so we can omit that) We cannot omit who or that when its the subject of the verb that follows: It was a special moment that will stay with me forever. (there is no subject after that so we cannot omit it) toa b Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice. 1 You attach the cell charger to your bike. ‘The cell charger to your bike 2 As the wheels tum, they charge the dynamo. As the wheels tur, the dynamo 3 The company sold thousands of chargers in the first few months. ‘Thousands of chargers months. 4 People in rural areas where there is no electricity are buying the chargers. ‘The chargers by people. 5 Environmentalists have praised the invention, The invention by 6 They hope that more and more people will adopt them over the next few years. They hope that they by over the next few years in the first few Look at the photo of a traditional use of bicycles in many parts of the world. Write three sentences about it, using a passive verb in each. 10.2 b Fill in the blanks with who or that, 1 an object is very important to me 2. amovie or TV show Thave seen recentiy 3 ating | have spoken to today 4 person taught me how to do something 5 athing Ihave todo today 6 amember of my family lives far away Look again at the relative clauses in a. When ‘an you omit that or who? Write a sentence about 1-6 in a using who or that. ‘My cel phone isthe object that is most important tome.11.1 IMAGINARY SITUATIONS: PRESENT OR FUTURE Imaginary situation | imaginary action/ Real situation in the inthe present or response inthe present present or future future or future j+simple past would/wouldntt + verb ift had a car, Yi drivel wouldn't diveto | 1 don’t have a car and work, don't have any plans to buy one, Notice that although we use a past verb form, we are NOT talking about a past situation: If had the chance to study abroad..(at the moment | don't have that ‘opportunity and its unlikely that | will have a chance in the foreseeable future) In common usage we use either was or were with if +I, he, she and it If waslwere super rch. (but Fm not) ‘she was/were just a itl bit more sure of hese. (but she ist) 11.2 I onty / | wisH Use if only / wish + past simple to say how you would like realty to be different. Notice that although we use a past verb form, we are NOT talking about a past situation: I wish (had more time to study English, (elity: | don't have enough time) sfonly | didn't have to work so hard, elity: | have to work really hard) ‘We can say wish I/ne/shefit was or {wish I/he/she/it were. wish I/he/she/it as is more informal ma GRAMMAR REFERENCE ‘Answer the questions with would or wouldn't. 1 What would you do if you saw someone shoplifting? Would you try and stop them? 2. Where would you go if you won two free airline tickets to the destination of your choice? Who would you take with your 3 Wha would you go to if you needed advice about a personal problem? Why? Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses and would or the past simple. ‘8 Can 1 ask you a question? 8 Yes, sure, go ahead. ® What (you/do) if they © (offer) you a free English course for a month? 5 I'd take it, of course! ‘8 Yes, but what if you ® (have) plans to goon vacation at the same time? 8 Well, 1 (ty) and combine the two things, l guess. | Yes, that’s what | ® ike) to do. 8 So, have you been offered a course? 18 Yes. can choose to take it in Toronto, San Francisco or Dallas 8 Toronto? That's definitely where | o {60}! Complete the sentences with an appropriate form of the verbs in parentheses. 1 Iwish | (can) speak Japanese. 2 Ifonly! (know) how to play the guitar. 3 Iwish | (be) taller. 4 ifonly! (have) a car 5 Iwish it (be) warm and sunny. Look again at the sentences in a. What is the real situation in each case? Why do you think the speaker wants to change the situation? Write two sentences explaining your answers for each situation. The speaker can't speak japanese, Maybe he or she would keto travel to JapanUN Taan PW tdtal 12.1 IMAGINARY SITUATIONS: PAST We use sentences with if + past perfect (had + past participle) + would/ aA a Choose the correct forms to complete the text. wouldn't have + past participle to talk about imagined situations in the past and their imagined results Imaginary situation imaginary action/response | Real the inthe past, inthe past past if+had + past | would/wouln' have + past participle participle {ft had known about 14 have said something || didnt know about the the acient, wouldnt have sad anytting. | accident 12.2 REVIEW Past participles If nad / would have been born 100 years ago, We can use the past participle to form perfect tenses (with have) andthe | my fe had / would have been very different. passive voice (with be) probably ® hadn't / wouldnt have gone to college. | "had / would have stayed at home and taken care of my children. If had / would have had the luck to be born into a rich family, 1 had / would have. had maids and other people to take care of me. If had J would have come from a poor background, 1 had / would have been a maid myself. Perfect tenses ‘have + past par present perfect: ve ‘ever been to New York past perfect: | had just Fished wark forthe day | Passive oie be pastpartcle present simple passive: It’s made by hand. Bestsple peste as ul ee Present ert pase” heute as een sold Fibs psec ia buses Present perfect: basic uses We can use the present perfect to talk about: ‘an action or situation that started inthe past and continues in the present: 1 known him most of my ie ‘an action that happened at some time in the past, but we don't focus on ‘when exactly it happened: He's ft te office, el be home soon, (we don't know when; we just know that he lft) b Complete this sentence so that itis true for you and where you live. Use would have and the past perfect. {7 had been born 50 years eal. 12.2 ‘Complete the conversations using the past participle form of the verbs in the box. ‘experiences in general: He's stared in a number of movies. 've been to Mexico afev times build buy decide invite leave pay take Past perfect: basic uses We can use the past perfect to show: 1k We'd just __ the restaurant when the «that one action happened before another in the past: hast fished waiter ran after us. work when head a knock at my doo i Reallyz why? + to report speech: she fold me se had passed her. 0 report speech She old me se had passed her exam Wee ay the tin he + with to describe an imaginary situation in the past: faved on time was really angry. have sen him, The passive voice: basic uses 2 & Haveyou been to Paula’ birthday We use the passive voice bai) ry + to emphasize/carify who is responsible for an action using by: Laws are 8 Yes, have, but haven't ifm passed by the Senate going yet. Ive © tickets fora concert ‘when we don’t know who or what is responsible for an action: The on the same day, and \'m trying to sell them. window had been broken. (we don't know who broke it) + when it's obvi is Se The aw was ‘when i's obvious who or what is responsible for an action: The 3 BEES ETON ine {nally passed (it's obvious thatthe Senate passed the aw) ‘to describe a process: The Books are printed in China, and then they are shipped tothe USA, first bridge to span the Mississippi How did people cross the river before that? Passengers, animals and heavy loads were (© across by boat. b Look again at the past participles you added in exercise a. Which form part of a) a perfect tense? b) a passive form?6 AN ONLINE PROFILE ‘An onfine profile is a short introduction to you. gives people ‘quick frst impression of who you are and what you do. It also helps them decide if they are interested in finding out ‘more. Profiles are used in a number of different ways and in a number of different places. 11a Read the three profiles and match them to images acc. home and am studying college. Studying hard but, lights and the nightie to share photos, stories Life is good! I've just left Information Systems in c above all, enjoying the bright Don't tell my mom! Follow me and experiences of life away from home: My family and I run a small organic farm with a couple of acres of wild woodland, We love ‘experimenting with new techniques on the farm, At the moment we'e investing in wind turbines, ‘The kids help us track and protect the wildlife in the woods They're great amateur photographers 038 wellas sharing the technical side of organic ca cas Susiainable nergy, wel be posting nds of images fr lay-to-day, back- tobe not ak Pere ea NaS ees se RD PE eer ural cent seript, A begin has received considerable attention. tb @ Work in pairs ook again atthe tree profiles and answer the questions. Which do you think was posted on a) acompany website? b) a blog? c) a social network? 2 ‘Wat iffarences ean you me a) the content? b) the style? 3 ‘Witch person wel yor rt own abous wiye 2 a You are going to write two “about me” pages: one for professional use and one for social use. Follow the steps below. 11 Decide what information you want to include in each profile 2 Decide what kind of style you want to use. 3. Check the advice in the Tip box at the bottom of the page. b Write your profiles in a maximum of 120 words each. 3 a @ Show your profiles to a partner. Suggest two ‘more pieces of information your partner could include in his/her profi. Change the profiles to include the suggestions. 4 @ Read all the profiles in the class. Which do you think is the most interesting funny/useful?BI ESI: car10n ban 10.2 Speaking & Vocabulary, page 7, Exercise 1a Label the footwear with the words in the box. Use a dictionary when necessary. boots flipflops highheels sandals slippers sneakers walking boots work shoes 10.5 Prepare for Task, page 11, Exercise 5a Making coffee 11.4 Tune In, page 20, Exercise 1b PROBLEM 1: I'm so distracted at home. | just can’t concentrate on anything, and I don’t get my work done: my attention span is just terrible. Noise doesn’t help either, PROBLEM 2: Sometimes | lose my work, | forget to save it on the computer or my computer crashes or I erase a file or something like that, and | have to do it all over again. What ‘a waste of time! It normally happens when | am on a tight schedule as well PROBLEM 3: | didn’t read that part of the contract; | think I'l have problems now. You should read things more carefully, or you just end up getting into trouble with the law.yy 10,9. 2, x20 (Of the wore’ total population of 65 billion, 58 billion people or ninety percent don't hhave access to electricity, clean water or shelter—a simple roof over ther heads. The exhibition Design for the Other 30% explores Jow-cost, innovative solutions to support this majority, Here are three unique ways that we hope will enable people to iv their lives more happily: Firsts the FLAP (Flexible Light and Power) Bag, a portable solar bag designed for those people who have no electricity. includes a solar panel, a reading light. and a mini-USB port for recharging the batteries on small devices. These portable light bags are made by local workers in Mexico's Sierra Madre from a material that absorbs the heat from the sun during the day and gives off light at night, FLAP is a light, personalize bag that can be carried 10 provide temporary or permanent access ta light and power depending (on the situation. tis of great benefit 1 local industries and has become an essential tol for leading a happier, more prosperous life in communities without a ‘ellable power supply Then we have the Lifestraw, which has ‘become absolutely essential in parts of the developing word W's a personal, mobile water tool designed to tur any water into drinking water. The straw is effective against diseases such as cholera and typhoid. it removes partices as small as. ‘5 microns, enabing people to rink from, puddles in the road! The Lfestraw willbe highly beneficial to rural communities, allowing people to access drinking water without having to walk kilometers to find it Finally, this bike cell charger works using an innovative dynamo to convert your ‘cycling into power. The phone is held to the bars ofthe bike with a big rubber band. ‘The charger wil fist be available in Kenya atan affordable price and will goon sale worldwide by the end ofthis year. Pedaling ata kilometers per hour for just ten ‘minutes gives almost half an hour of talk time or thity-seven hours of standby. The ‘minimum speed required to charge a phone is 65 kilometers per hour, or walking speed, so ever a short trp should be enough to ‘keep a cell phone going for a whole day. This, affordable invention will prove a great help ‘to.communities without a reliable supply fof electricity and where people exploit cell ‘hones for far more than just chatting. @)) 103, 9.6. &30 N=Ned 8 Bi N: How the running ging, i? Sti out every morning before breakast? bs Yes, absolutely. But things have changed recently N: What Youre traning fora marathon or something? No, n,n that ve started running ina diferent way N:tna diferent way? thought there was ny one way of runing (ou wonbelieve this, ut ve taken up barefoot runing i's the latest thing! N: Barefoot running? Are you nts? That ‘must be relly hard on your fet No ten, before you start, just let me telyou Now heard abou tread this book calle Bont Run by this ay named Chris McDougall His whole arguments that thelr trun barefoot N: Because? Welle frst read abou this runner that won ao klometer race through the mountain wearing ony pai of sandal, atthe age of iy vel And ‘McDougll wondered now he ould un tke that without being injure. N: Wl ne must have been petty usual thats for sure! Apparently he was & member of hi tribe the Trahumaa, who allan ike that~baefoot or with sandal. 1's a way of fe for them. They do tina very natural way. And so? Well, that was his inspiration, and the book aks aout a whole new way of looking at running. For example, there are people who say that conventional running shoes give you mote suppert an protect your fet fom the impact when youre runing on hard ground But when you read Bom to Run you reali’ ust the oppose. inact, sorts shoes cause injuries. They put pressure on your feet and. Nt otsure| believe that. seems more comfortable tome torn in sneaters there’ no comparson. Togo runing barefoot Ica'timagine the pain No, isnt ike tht. Wel ates not easy but you get used tot ater a wie Nm not sure coud, you know 8: Wel if you do ike that ea, you can try out these sports shoes that ‘make you fee! like you're barefoot, They're called FiveFingers and they're Incredible. hey have thin flexible soles that ae really comfortable, and they look amazing, ike having gloves (on your feet. IN: Now I've heard everything—hi-tech shoes that make you feel ike you're running barefoot. That just doesn't make sense ': There are lots of runners who have gotten rid oftheir shoes, and they've gotten rid oftheir stress and injuries as well. They've changed their habits, and they/te having alot more fun cunning 'N: What does that have to.do with stress? ‘8: Well, the book says that the way we run is all wrong. Fist, there are races that require special preparation and equipment, and there are companies that make a lot of money from running Droducts. i's big business. And there are people who run marathons. They are obsessed with beating their time and keeping up with others. When they don't reach their goal, they just burn ‘out or give up. There are people who say you have to suffer, that running has to hurt think that's all wrong, For the Tarahumara, running isn’t work, i's an art, and I believe that, too, 'N: Well, ood for you, but! think your barefoot running’s crazy, honestly 1 do. ) 115, 0.19, 51 rashid How wil be using English in the future? Well, hope to have a successful career in hich English plays a part, sure. Maybe in some big global organization where | have to give presentations or something ike that, But | don't see my relationship with English stopping there. lke the idea of ‘meeting new people through work, people from other cultures, That's very attractive for me—socalzing and getting to know ‘other cultures. can see myself having trouble at first because 'mnot a very confident speaker. Sometimes I get very nervous, but | guess people will help me ‘out. What else? Well, traveling for work really appeals to me, sure, and English can allow me to do that. | can imagine myself in airports, speaking in English that of thing... chatting with new friends in boars and restaurants, having fun. Louise How wil be using English in the future? Well, to start with,’ ike to live in anEnglish-speaking country, to feel part of ‘sed to fill the apartment in the morning. a community to talk to the neighbors, The café had only just opened when | you know...to get to know another way ‘moved in, and it was really popular. 1 only fife through the language. That would lived there for six months, and ever since bbemportant to me. Some things will be ve always associated the smell of coffee easy to achieve, | suppose, the day-to- With the clatter of cups and the chatter of day stuf lke asking directions or going voices, shopping, but lke to think that | could 3 talk about more profound things as well. | ‘mean, i'd be great to have a conversation about politics sometime. | just don't really know how achievable that is. it might never happen, but | can sil imagine tt wel, anyway, English is essentially a very useful language. | can see it helping ‘me out in lots of tricky situations in the World because it's the worle’s comman grew up inthe Czech Republic never forget te frst ime | saw the ocean. was nineteen had never seen the ocean before. | ha just started working fora family, taking cate of ther three kids. ‘hey had planned a vacation in Spain, and they ook me with them, Seeing the ocean forthe frst time was incredible it was such an amazing sight. Sig 50 open. baguaae Just stood there and looked a it trying to yn. {take ital in. And once | actually got in the water, they just count tear me away! 1 loved the waves, the sound they made on Well, thank you, everybody, for coming. "the sand. We could hear them from our like to thank Logic Systems for inviting me hotel roar. The kids slept so well they tospeak to you all today. My name's Ralph were so tied. It made my job realy easy, Sharma, and t'm going to speak about the as they were lulled to sleep by the waves. field of industrial design. dike tostartby 3 explaining the outline of my tak eve this photo, We took it while on 2 ‘vacation last year in Buenos Ares. It brings back great memories of our trip; this was one ofthe highlights. We'd just been to visit the antique market in San Telmo—tt's great. I's held once a week ‘A: Now, tll me why are you interested ino" Sunday; t's a great place to just soak Ae plore Up the atmosphere, Anyway, we were 1: Wel, fel tim wel quaiied Forte just sitting down for coffee when this pon becalica Wf ny previous worl couple started dancing in the square in pereycecasyoul car panty See front of us twas amazing..they were from my cv. ‘50 good, 've seen the tango so many sera gto askyou sbout that, Wes in dance halls and theater, but ‘Aopliguiere dl aera ‘ceases imamate teams? pho, the scene just comes Hoong back, ane can ear the mpg np é Good-bye. has nice to meet you. ai Well ben touch by ema Yes, itewise lok forward to hearing froutyou when convenient Tats great. You should hear fom us vein wed : Exell thanks very much, Please donthestate to contact me you need any adit inforation yy 12.4, p.26, 642 ‘ [: Good morning, pleased to meet you, Jonathan, come in Pleased to meet you, too. Thank you for giving me this opportunity. ove the smell of fresh coffe. It really takes me back. Itreminds me ofthe time when | lived in an apartment over a café. {always woke up to the smell of coffe. Itatte r) De stuacdintoataaeddalatstdtartitstibllinnd a ished sdahald dtalaudeguytaadsdeds ‘understood gesf E fasdinuderecravtsdibiaretdialigiaisdl ite Pitdeaddattlessalegustidddielisnartes Phadscathatttnass theosblsdbbsctuvisatisss Liabtartrasa§ivecddvartuedbbutatiaaatiizsia ee Cae The Vowels of North American English and|Their Phonemic Symbols aE ee ao —Z fiys beat, see, machine uw! boot, blue, shoe nM bit hi pol book. fall fey! bait, made, they Jow/ boat, home, blow. set bt, eg, head pl bought saw se bat, has, apple hl box, cr, father It but, mother asl bie sight bt ‘sofa, until, combine Jaw! about, cow foy/ boy, noise Rita (cotati ota UuNeute ty eae Wet uit end eaatteSaalo 1 | Phonemic symbol Examples Phonemic symbol ‘Examples Phonemic symbol Bamples a boy, cab AL 200, buzz, goes N ong, fall br ep by see, cy, us, thinks a un, car sal dog, bed If ‘felsure, beige hd ‘win, swim, away nN toe, cat ww sty ish, spedal a yu, loyal Al 90, beg ™ ‘his, ahead Cron) whlch wha (host speakers of i cat, Kit, back Mesh Jey, glant, budge ae Nt ‘view, love Nt ‘cheek, watch, cello aerate 4 48, phone, ie Im sme, seem ee we ‘the, bathe: I ‘Ro, sun A ‘thin, bath Al ‘sing, singer, thinkINTERNATIONAL EXAMS PRACTICE: GRAMMAR Choose the correct word(s) to complete the gap. 1. The criminal doing anything illegal, TI. We wouldn't have won if we: hard a predicted & wouldn't train b denied didn't train said hadn't trained 2. I wouldn't have passed the test you had 12. ifonly! listened to my parents! helped me, ‘avoid have aif b had b unless ia © provided 13. The Ancient Egyptians ‘thousands of slaves 3. it ‘easy to build the Egyptian pyramids to build the pyramids. without modern machinery. a couldn't have been a might need could have needed b couldn't be @ ruetinenectel © maybe 14. The book ‘we're reading in English class 4. when I was in grade school, | is really boring. a couldn't a that didn’t manage to b what € wasn't able cis 5. Iwas wondering know Lisa. 15. This time next week, | con a beach in the a dagen Caribbean. b ifyou a will sunbathe au willbe sunbathing 6. Ifyou had bought mea bike for my birthday, ¢ am sunbathing 1 able to ride to school. 16. Scientists a cure for cancer by the end of a wae this century. bevwouldn'e have been will have been found @ ites » will be finding 7. ____was John who borrowed your cell phone. © will have found a 17. ‘your nails isa sign of nerves. b He a Bite € i b iting 8. | wish this test over so that I could go ¢ Tobite home. 18. if | you, I'd work a lot harder. b were b were € willbe am 9. ___I like about Jois her sense of humor. 19. Some people learn English _to get a good job. a bo a for b That b sothat © What in order 10. Her parents got jane _what she had done. 20. Do you know dog this is? a admit a whose b toadmit b who € admitting © whomReading Read the following passage and answer the questions below. There is only one correct answer for each quest ‘A new sensor on the interior of cars will revolutionize the driving experience, With the implementation of 20 and 30 technologies along with motion analysis, safety guarantees are enhanced. Scans distinguish between passengers and objects including the detection of heartbeats. This analysis works in conjunction with already implemented safety measures such as airbags, seatbelts and other builtin safety features, Sensors are also able to detect whether or not objects and passengers have a direct line of sight. 1. Which sentence best concludes the passage above? a. Sensor technology is already implemented in cars. b. Future cars will contain new interior safety features ¢. Cars are equipped with safety technology. 4. Safety features will be improved by the use of interior sensor technology 2. The word enhanced (in bold) a. enforced b. banned . distinguished 4. strengthened 3. According to the passage where will the sensors operate? a. On the interior of the car b. On the exterior of the car . Both on the interior and exterior of the car d. In the front seats only 4. How many types of technologies will be used in the new sensor system? al b.2 “3 agCONTENTS HEB 10 INsicHts AND INNovaTIONS page 48 MEME 1 A Sense oF IDENTITY page 54 MEE 12 Memories page 60 PROGRESS TEST 4, Units 10-12 page 66 TRANSCRIPTS page 68 Laz BiG PICTURE B1-+ (intermeniste 8 } Workbook Series editors: Ben Goldstein & Ceri Jones Richmond www.americanbigpicture.net10 INSIGHTS AND INNOVATIONS VOCABULARY Ideas & solutions Use definitions 1-8 to help you complete the text with words from the box. affordable beneficial essential impevative personal portable temporary unique 1 new and original 2 helpful 3. economical 4 really necessary Se 5. not for permanent use 6 special and unusual 7 individual 8 easy to carry around and DESY, This hearing aid has a very way for © feature—its | refrigerator requires no peop oa electri! Tis product wl Bie enspore wate operated by solar power. be extremely © ___ in places, Designed for to people living in hot | countries lke Nigeria, where itisvery dificuttokeep | food cool | a © a This innovative ° makes a great where people don’t have © 8 This tough drum ia > Tunning water at home. It also water storage faclty. use, it's __and._| user friendly. eoeecvceceneece 2 a Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the words in parentheses. Add any other necessary words, such as prepositions. 1 This will be extremely beneficial to___people who live a Jong way from a river. benefit) 2 This is currently people liquids quickly and easily. (enable/transport) 3 Thisis going deat people better. (allow/communicate) 4 People who live in the desert will having fresh food. (benefit) 5 The invention will be a great people who can't afford to replace batteries. (nel) 6 This will people who any cool storage facilities. (upport/not have) b Match sentences 1-6 to inventions a-c in 1. 14.4. §__@ 5 6 Phrasal verbs Choose the correct words. Then complete the sentences with your ideas. 1 Ifyou feel exhausted _(a feeling) when you're playing sports, you shouldn't carry out (on. 2 Fd like to take on / up (sport) I help me get into better shape 3. can't keep on / up with my friend (name) when (5)he's running, because ()he's really fast! 4 really regret giving up / out (a sport or activity) 5 my friend (name) used to enjoy ______[an activity), but (She did too much and (s)he burned out / up 6 Td like to try out / up (an adventurous activity). | think it would be exciting!Footwear 4. What are the people wearing? Complete the words. 2s lwalkingboots Metaphorical language 5 Choose the correct options. Which “inspiration” do you find the most interesting? Inspirations ‘Pes said that Newton first became “aware / clear of ‘gravity when he saw an apple fall froma tree. °@ Thescientst Archimedes is said to have been bathing when he hada Wash / ight of inspiration, ° aftertosing an eve, musician Sammy Davis, J. was at Jona crossroads in his life. He chose tobe positive—and became famous. °Q The crucial idea behind Jules Henri Poincaré’s mathematical theory dawned /came on him whilehe ‘was getting on a bus “& Many different influences, including bird song, all ‘came / clicked together in Sibelius’ masterpiece, the Fifth symphony. °® Aninnovative way tocateh criminals discovered /eame to Sir Alec Jeffreys while he was looking at DNA X-rays, °O The Filipino artist Sunshine Plata was inspired by a coffee stain! She saw the light direction and chose new path /dawn for herart—deciding from then on to paint only with coffee, @ VOCABULARY EXTENSION Expressions with do & make 6 aq) OMEisten to a quiz about famous scientists. How many questions did you get right? b Match the words and phrases from the box to do ‘or make to complete the expressions from the audio. damage a discovery an experiment good amistake money research sense of something aspeech ajob do make damage [TTI mLCoc Tau id 7 Complete the ad. Write one word in each blank. POU eu sR Ca} 0 poventiall Bvery this actionpa Work together ta build your own terup then sat] across a river! Why not make for charity, too, by raising sponsorship? That way youTl d while building team epiit and having fun, too! ng, put on your stylish hoes or high ‘and dance your cares away. ‘show a teambuilding day c jowhere, and We even after ns way of wo n 8 ream dutlaing day everything euddenty @ 7 just elteked” ~ Rita Walterschied, office mansger@ GRAMMAR Passives 1a Are the sentences active (A) or passive (PJ? 2.1 Most official soccer balls are made in Pakistan. _P 2 People make most official soccer balls in Pakistan A 3 Soccer ball makers sew 32 panels of material together to make one soccer ball. A 4-32 panels of material are sewn together to:make one soccer ball P € 5 Someone has discovered he lest soccer ball py p in the world in Scotland. 6 The oldest soccer ball in the world has been discovered in Scotland, 4 7 "I could kick that socer ball over theroof =o problem 8 “That soccer ball could be kicked over the roof, no problem!” P e 9 In 1314, Edward Il of England complained A 3 Circle the bold word or phrase that is the main object about badly behaved soccer playes. ofthe verb ineach sentence. 10 In 1314, badly behaved soccer players were e 1 Experts have discovered@1,000-year-< ‘old works of arth complained about by Edward I of England 2. Someone invented the frst eyeglasses in the thirteenth century, b Underline the sentence in each pair that sounds ReUREL. 3 Chinese businesspeople have accepted paper money since the seventh century. ‘could discover a cure for cancer very soon, 5 We now use the number “o” worldwide. However, we didn’t use it before the ninth century. SSSR her shanbon ron it ee Denim is named (name) after the neni now. Trench am a MGGELTE isa hardeweaiing, 7 Argentinian scientists will celebrate inventors’ Day on 2 Complete the text. Write the correct passive form of the verbs. the birthday of Laszl6 Jozsef Bird. material that ° — (make) out of cotton. Originally, denim © 4 Rewrite the sentences in 3 in the passive, starting with (aye) blue with indigo, and blue is still the the nouns you circled above, Use by + noun only if traditional color for denim today necessary Famously, denim is the most popular material 1 _mu00e;yearald work of art have Been discovered. for jeans. Some of the earliest American denim jeans (design) by Jacob Davi F Calvin Rogers and Levi Strauss in 1873. At th very moment, denim jeans 3 (wear) by millions of people across the globe. Since denim became one of the world's most & iconic materials, the fabric (use) by other manufacturers anxious to cash 5 in on its popularity. For example, in the 19708 some Volkswagen Beetle cars © (sell) with denim seats! However, Old denim © (can/recycte) to make “green” building insulation. 1's hoped 6 that in the future more and more homes ® thee) pane saiibiy eo 7 On the birthday of Lasz6 Jozsef Biro friendly product. raryWho or that 5 a Complete the definitions. Use a relative pronoun b Match the words from the box to definitions 1-6 and an idea from the box. Use each of the following. in5a. Pronouns at least twice: who or that. barefootrunning inventor marathon invents new things is 42,195 kilometers long paramedic solar power sneakers you're treated by in an emergency many people wear for running 1 barefoot running 4 peopiedewithoutshoes we get from the sun 2 5 6 1 This is a type of running that people do without shoes © Look at the definitions in Sa again. in which 2 These are a kind of footwear sentences can we omit who or that? Rewrite these sentences without the relative pronoun. 3 TNE San innaiathie pessor This isa type of runsing people do without shoes. 4 Thi ‘long-distance race 5 This is the person 6 This isa form of energy ETT cM me keXch iad 7 a Write the correct active or passive form of the verbs in parentheses 1-8. What are the most useful pieces of sports equipment that “ have ever been invented (ever/invent)? Here are some of the suggestions" _that__© (send) to us so far. ‘The vuleanized rubber ball Left and right shoes ‘The lawn mower The man first ‘Amazingly, before the late ‘Today, there are many popular @ (develop) nineteenth century, left and right sports we vulcanized rubber was Charles boots © play outdoors. Right now, 5 Goodyear. Most of the rubber (make) in exactly the same way! everal thousand games of, @ is used in sports balls Students at Loretto School in soccer, rugby and tennis today ® scotland tried ” (base) on Goodyear’s 1843 playing in special “eft” and “right” (probablyply) on grass somewhere invention. boots found that it significantly in the world. Before next year’s © international games and matches, (improve) their performance. the grasson fields and courts a very short by special mowers. In the past, this was a job © ‘men had to do by hand—or used sheep! b Fill in blanks (a-f) with a relative pronoun only when necessary. Which piece of sports equipment would you suggest?SKILLS DEVELOPMENT FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE Getti = things done 1 @)72 Listen to four photos a-d, 2. a Complete the sentences from the audio, Use get and the correct b What do the pronouns in form of the verbs. bold refer to? 1 Do you think you could _get tcleaned __ by lunchtime? (it/clean) 1 __ the jacket 2 I think you need to again. (it/test) 3 You might need to (some new onesjimake) 4 ‘think you should (thaticheck) 5 Is there anywhere near hear where | can 2 tifa LISTENING Using repetition Completing sentences 11a Complete the labels for the photos. 3 Listen again and complete the sentences. Write one word in each blank. 1 The most popular sport in the world is 2 According to official statistics, the last World Cup was watched by over, million viewers At the World Cup, players from the USA, Portugal and wore special clothing There are ‘or more bottles in each shirt The material in each shirt is strong and 2p bottles 3 s____ ing clothes ‘Making material out of recycled bottles uses ‘9% less energy than making ordinary material People in California have been making clothes ut of recycled bottles since After the lecture, the speaker will be in the b 4@))103 Listen to part ofa lecture. Which two of the nouns above did you hear the most? What is the connection between the two photos you chose in 1b? The have been sed to make STRATEGY When you have to complete sentences, follow the instructions exactly. Don't write too many words. Read your completed STRATEGY When we'e speaking, we often Sense ATTY a DS ey sas ee repeat ourselves. if you hear certain words or Phrases more than once, this is often a clue that they are important topics forthe speaker.SKILLS 10 WRITING Time & sequence 1a Quickly read the texts. Which recipe is faster to make? b Do you enjoy either of these drinks? Do you make them in the same way? ‘The Way I Like It How are your favorite drinks and snacks made in your favorite cafés? ‘Mint‘Tea by Kamal In my opinion, the perfect mint tea is made with mint leaves, water and lots of sugar. That's the way it's served in my favorite Moroccan café. First of all, water is mixed with mint. Next, the water is boiled. After the water has boiled for three minutes, the heat is turned off. Then the mint leaves are thrown away, and lots of sugaris added. in my opinion, mint tea should be really sweet. Finally, the tea is served in a beautiful glass by a friendly waiter ‘who always smiles when he's working. That’ it. Absolutely perfect! Iced Tea by Madison My local diner serves the best iced tea. First, water is boiled in a pan. As soonas the water has boiled, the pan is removed from the heat, Next, two or more tea bags are added tothe water. The tea bags are left there for exactly five minutes. After that, the water is poured into a pitcher. Sugarand cold water are added. Then the tea goes into the refrigerator fora couple of hours. While the tea is cooling, alemon is cut into slices. Afterthe tea has. cooled, the slices are added. Last of all, the tea is served in a tall glass. I's delicious ona hot day! 2 a Underline examples of these words in the texts. 3 Which of the words in 2 do we use with a comma ()? after (k2)_after that asseor-as finally first frstofat last of all next (x2) neni) ewer sews a Choose a simple food or drink recipe to write about for the website. You can choose one of b Complete the chart with the words from 2a. the Weasif omihi or. or weyourown Sequences of 1 Start: _ frst ofall, actions (one thing coffee hot chocolate milkshake pasta ernie 2 Middle: ham and eggs sandwich tea Prepare short notes about your recipe. Write your description. Use a range of different time and sequencing expressions. ‘Things that happen | as soon as Tneearaeies STRATEGY when youre describing rcs npn torgnze your ies Cer aatens rte abut ah sageo! te ees node vito bea) anduse ie and sequering egress Ire ‘Things that happen ‘your ideas. Use the passive form when you want to atthe same time rps ain thr thane person don11 A SENSE OF IDENTITY VOCABULARY Identity 1 a Read the descriptions and write the names next to the notes. Which two people might make a good couple? 1 likes relaxing ~ believes in supporting others ~ dreams of escaping ~is into winning! = spends work and free time caring for animals Emily Family and friends are the most important things in my life. I’m ‘2 good listener and very loyal—T (0 stand by __ the people who matter to me. I don't like sports or pets, but I do love parties! Hugo Ym an extreme sports instructor—1 teach mountain-biking, climbing and ‘canoeing! I try to ® tothe ‘countryside whenever I can. Looking for someone who loves the outdoors, too. Mariam Y'm an ambitious, successful city trader ‘who's anxious to in life ‘and be the best I can be. Looking for ‘someone who shares similar goals! James Work to live, don't live to work! After day st the ofice Tike to ‘and unwind in the ‘sauna or chat with friends over a long, leisurely meal. Do you like to take life slowly, too? ‘Soobin Y'm a nurse who's also passionate bout nature. In my free time I injured birds and mammals in a wildlife shelter near the beautiful Peak District. I'm also an enthusiastic walker and bike rider. 'b Complete the profiles with phrasal verbs. Use a word from box A and a word or phrase from box B. Ay caim get get take stand B careot ahead away by down ‘Choose the correct words. Which of the people in 1 do you think would say these things? 1 see CiBot my identity in terms of targets and achievements, _Maviam 2 Mylife bases / is based a lot on my volunteer work. 3 Took / view myself as a good daughter, sister and friend 4 Myleisure time plays / works a more important role for me than my job. 5 like to think of me / myself as an adventurous person 6 What defines / means me the most is my competitive nature, Gaming ‘a Read the statements. Write the letters in parentheses in the correct order. 1 "Most _aamers_(emsrag) are addicts who need help,” argues Sasha 2 “i'm an enthusiastic (esu) of all the latest software,” tells us. 3 "Irepresent myself with different (arsaaty) in different games,” explains 4 “Iprefer the real world to the (tluavie) world,” says '5 “People who pretend to be stunningly beautiful in (lero-inplagy) games are making fools of themselves,” believes ‘b Look at the pictures. Match each statement in 3a to Sasha or Lou. Which statements do you agree with? Personality adjectives 4 Match 1-7 toa-g. 1 Some people say Ihave a my own private word. 2 find it hard to make b out of my shell more. 3 Friends say | need to come\ cin thought. 4 I'moften lost -dabig mouth! 5 I'mnot afraid to speak over things. 6 I'moften in up my mind. 7 Joften tip & my mind. 5 Match the descriptions to the sentences from 4. ‘Sometimes more than one correct answer is possible. 1 'mvery clumsy. 2 I'mvery absentminded. 3 I'mreally an extrovert. 4 Vmalitle bit indecisive 5 I'm faily shy. VOCABULARY EXTENSION Personality adjectives: Opposites © Look at the bold adjectives. Are they positive or negative? adia was very unpleasant roommate. No one liked her! She was really unkind, and she was very impatient when listening to other people's problems, She was “insensitive, and she often upset people with her comments. She had a big mouth! Unfortunately, Nadia caused a lot of problems in our house, She was “unreliable when it came to paying the bills she rarely paid on time. She was very dishonest, too, and she often lied, Allin all, Nadia was a very unfriendly person, she didn't like to spend time with, ‘me or my other roommates. Maybe she was just very shy, but her behavior seemed really °unsociable. 7 a Write the opposites of the words in bold in 6. Remove the prefix. 1 _ pleasant 5 z 6 3 1 4 8 4): Listen to a description of another roommate, Eric, and eheck your answers. What i the speaker's general opinion of Eric? ———s waa ETI CALM oXc aut 'B Choose the correct options to complete the text. In real life I'm fairly “untroverted /extroverted and quiet, but online Tm much more “outgoing / careless. I think of my online identity in nature / terms of a “secret self"! I've made lots of friends online—I might be a geek, but T'm definitely not a “loner / performer. My friend helped me to choose and customize my avatar—she's kind of a computer follower / whizz, 1 didn't want to have the usual handsome warrior figure—I think that would be a little bit dishonest / unreliable. But I didn't want it to be too realistic either. Where's the fun in that? I think this design is strong and confident. I don’t think this character ““agonizes / worries over things or feels ® careless / unsure and indecisive! It's also a design with a sense of humor. I should explain, away from the unreal virtual world, I'm something of a cat “iker / lover.i GRAMMAR Imaginary situations 1a Complete the sentences with would and the verbs from the box. or 3 ar 5 be enjoy love not/have want You much time to “pend with you fay. } i Ter to wark Inthe movie industry, eso supernca. | oe mi nd are rea [who on Earth being ] in the media spotiight every day? ' going to all the parties and movie premieres! [Vim sure it’s a hard job, but | think it really exciting! b What job are the people talking about? Do you agree with any of the opinions? 2 Choose will or would, What do you think about situations 1-8? 1 Do you think that your teacher will / would make a good TV host? 1111/4 lke to lve in Hollywood one day. I think | J ‘d do pretty well on my next English exam. I've worked really hard. 1/4 prefer to be poor but happy rather than. rich but lonely I think | / ‘d do some exercise this weekend. t's important to stay in shape. 11 /'d probably start my own charity with my lottery winnings. But | don’t think I'l ever win the lottery! Wil / Would you ever want to rule the country? 8 When will / would you have your next day off? 3 a Write the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. 1f1 stayed __ (stay) atthe magazine, | think I eventually get sick due to stress. I think the editor ® (be) surprised if she heard me talking this way—at work I always try to project an image of calm! If could do anything I liked, 1 @ (not do) a desk job. I like to have a job that allowed me to use my design skills if that (be) possible. Isaw this course advertised in the garden center, and I thought, why not? Flowers, rocks and ponds would ‘make a complete change from pictures. 1F1. (make) a success of it, 1 (et) up my own business. 1 (practice) on my friends’ gardens first ifthey let me! Perhaps if (ask) my journalist colleagues nicely, they'd write some publicity material for me. bb What job a) does the writer do now, b) would she lke to do inthe future? 4. How would life be different? Write sentences with fusing an idea from box A and an idea from box B. Which two of these situations would you like to happen the most? A iessunny-allyeararound. Carsare banned. | don't have to work or study for three months. Imeet my hero. 1can go backin time, Sports centers are free. B | asklots of questions. | do a lot more exercise, I really make the most of my free time. Downtown areas are much, quieter, greener. Thedaysfeelbrighterandionger: I make lots of changes to my pas. 1 tfftwore sunny all year around, the days would fee brighter and longer i 31If only/| wish Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs from the box. Which of the statements about appearance do you agree withthe most/leat? ages be can look not be not cost 1 fonly! were _ three years younger! 2 I wish that fashion models so thin, 3 ifonly! as good as my avatar. 4 | wish that cosmetic surgery so much. 5 ifonly everyone online 6 Iwish everyone ‘comes from within, to-use their rea! photos understand that beauty ‘Complete the wishes for the situation. Then match the wishes to the people in photos a and b. c No such thing as a “perfect job"? 1 [don’t earn a regular salary, only Learned a regular salary. b 2 Ihave to commute to work every day. | wish — 3. Ihave to wear a suit. Ifonly 4 Ican't keep the children out of the office I wish 5 Id like to have a more sociable job. IFonly — 6 I'mnot able to discuss my ideas with my coworkers. I wish BRING IT TOGETHE 7 a Complete the application form with the correct form of the words in parentheses. You might need toadd the correct form of would. Cae ata) Name: Tatiana Age: 43, What do you hope to get out of the “Turn Your Life Around” counseling program? Jwish were (be) more succesful pe. (be) more confident, maybe! (be)able togeta better job. Butright now | feel rapped. If] earned more money, 1 (not ave) to work such long hours topay the bits. 11° (work) less, maybe a) (have) more time for job hunting —but right now *time off fels like justadream! | (also / like) to make new friends, but Pm not sure how. sony 1 (not feel) so shy all the time! What else. Oh, yes, wish | © (be) in beter shape, foo. | used toenjoy walking, but now | sitall day ina store. f° (can / make) a new start then! (probably / get) more cout of life. Please help! b Can you think of one piece of advice to give to Tatiana?SKILLS DEVELOPMENT FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE Giving advice 1. Complete the pieces of advice. You do notneed 2a Match pieces of advice 1-6 in 1 to replies a-f. to use all of the words from the box. always am clothes considered ever ought shoes should that thought were if__that another job. Have you counselor? In your , Fd think about getting a cat i you, I'd stop talking to her, You to take up Pilates or yoga. It'd really help your back. You could earlier. \were me, I'd think about getting about seeing a try going to bed an hour LISTENING Listening carefully 11 a Complete the job ad with appropriate ideas. 7 Were looking for an assistant manager to help us run our busy international We have a lot of American and Australian customers, so you must speak good b @))12 Listen to four people talking about their experiences of being interviewed for the job. Check your answers. 2 Can you remember who said these things? Write 1-4, There is one number that you don’t need. “1 was really nervous! | wish | wasn't so shy." “The interview was slightly scary, and sometimes I was unsure what to say.” ©) "These kinds of situations don’t worry me. However, now | wonder if | was too relaxed.” a OK, Ill try that, tight help me to feel V'm in better shape, too, b Yes, that could work, thanks. Anything to get rid of these mice! That doesn't normally work for me. It just means | spend even longer staring at the ceiling! ''m not sure that’s a good idea. She is my sister. That's a good idea. It could be helpful to talk to somebody who isn't involved. You know, 'd prefer not to. Apart from my boss, this is a great place to work. b Which of the replies a-f are. 1 positive? 2 negative? Listen again and match sentences a-h to speakers 1-4. who. wasn't nervous? has had a similar job before? regrets something they said? finds it dificult to concentrate sometimes? speaks three languages? wants to work part-time? is American? ‘mentions that the salary is important? B Listen again and check your answers. Who do you think should get the job? STRATEGY Remember different speakers ‘ight tak about similar information in different ways, so you need to listen carefully. Don't choose an answer based on a single word or phrase you hhear—you need to listen to the whole audio before you choose your final answer. Aways check your answers when you play the audio again.SKILLS 11 READING Finding connections 1 Read the whole article, ignoring the blanks. Which of the following best describes the author's argument? It’s impossible to be happy in modern society. d_ Happy people are more successful than unhappy people. 2 You need to work hard in order to be happy. b It'sa myth that you can be happy all the time. It's Hard Work Being Happy a i 2. a Match sentences a-g to blanks 1-7, Use the clues to help you. Jave you ever wished that life were diferent? You're not alone! Your friends and family probably fel exactly the same way. Today, unhappiness seems to be a common, problem. Surveys suggest that growing ‘numbers of us feel dissatisfied with our ives and unsure what to do about it. ©. We hope that they'l have the answers. Many self-help “gurus” tll followers that they can leave unhappiness behind forever. ‘According to them, everyone on the planet ‘would be happy if we all ried hard enough. ©, Often it seems that the more we try to be happy, the more depressed we become! A long, long time ago, life was very difficult. ‘Men and women had less time to agonize over decisions because they were too busy. And it seems that modern men and ‘women are still Jooking for “more.” The problem is that we already have most of the Ifyou went on that “perfect” trip, would you be happy to spend the rest of your life at home? (clue: can you find any words relating to trip in the text?) You're not alone! (lue: this sounds like the answer to a question) Ie teaches us important things about ourselves and the world. (clues: what is "It"? what does “it” teach?) ‘That's why we spend millions on self-help books. (clue: we use that’s why to give a reason for something) ‘They built bigger communities, explored more countries and invented more things. (clue: who are "They"2) And that includes the rich and famous! (clue: can you find any words relating to famous inthe text?) However, following this teaching sometimes seems to have the opposite effect. (clues: we use however to contrast ideas; what does “this” refer to?) things we need. Instead, we try to get ahead at ‘work, we wish that we were rich, or we dream of escaping on luxury vacations. But stop and think, ©... Of course not. ‘The truth is that happiness often happens by accident. For example, we experience it ‘when we're chatting wit fiends or enjoying ‘hobby. cist something you can “work on,” like learning a language. Furthermore, being "unhappy sometimes is actually good for us, ‘00! ®. ‘The truth is that sometimes life is good, and sometimes it isn’t. Nobody is happy all the time... So why try to follow the celebrity example? Maybe if we were more relaxed about happiness, we'd enjoy life more! b Do you agree with the writer? What makes you happy? STRATEGY Good writers ‘connect their ideas together: To work out the writer's general attitude or opinion, ead the \hole text. You probably won't find the answer in just one sentence. ‘© To complete a incomplete tex, think about how the sentences relate to each other. Look for: a) vocabulary or topic connections. ) pronouns (eg. he, which, this) or linking words eg, but, 0) that refer to other ideas in the text.12 MEMORIES i VOCABULARY Remembering 11 Write the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Which 2 choose the correct words. Change the bold sentences are true for you? ‘words so that the sentences are true for you. 1. My short-term memory is good, but my early / long-term memory Is bad. ecu a 2. My dad has a photographic / selective memory. He can often remember things exactly as he saw them, 3. Ihave a precious / vivid memory of a nightmare, | was falling from the Eiffel Tower It felt very realistic 4. My earliest / most distant childhood memory is going to the zoo with my parents, 5 Ihave a vague / vivid memory of meeting my great-uncle John when | was litte, | don’t remember the event very clearly now. 6 Hearing Nelson Mandela speak at a rally is ‘one of my most precious / vaguest memories. It was an unforgettable day. Phrasal verbs 3 Complete the quotations with the correct form of the verbs (there is one verb that you do not need). Then match the people to memories a-f. bring get take (x3) tear soak 1 Daisy: “I remember _taking___care of it fora friend while she was on vacation.” 2 Fernando: "I Jove the noise and the smell of hot dogs and cotton candy, It really ime back to my childhood.” 3 Jayden: “I remember feeling astonished, staring at all the happy faces and trying to itall in 4 Marcelo: “I was terrified, but once | actually made my first ascent, my friends just couldn't me away!” 5 Jerry: “I love this smell. it back memories of my grandmother's herb garden.” 6 Carol: “We used to come here when we were students and up the atmosphere over coffee.”Vocabulary review 4 a Complete sentences 1-6, Then label pictures 7-12. 1 aAne is a person who sees a news event themselves 2 the noun form of wise 3 Ifyou take a sport, you start doing it. ‘4. News that is happening right now is ___ news, 5 the noun form of stony 6 Ifyou burn TTT 7 8 Cover the definitions and pictures in 4a. write down all the words and expressions you can remember. VOCABULARY EXTENSION Extending topic sets 5 Complete the chart with the nouns from 4. News and media eyewitness Rea | Personal attributes Landscapes q Art | © Quickly read the guest book in 7 and find words and expressions which match definitions 1-5. write them ‘on the chart in 5. Can you add any more words to the chart? 1 atree-ike plant 2 something that surrounds a photo or picture 3 traditional story with a happy ending 4 the noun form of generous 5 the work of writing about the news 1 you stop because you've done too much. w 2 ETT eM MColcL ita ti 7 Complete the guest book using the correct form of the words from the box. What is the special occasion? bring burn distant forget/give forget/see fake precious remind/send Tien, you looked absolutely beaut and Matt gow didnt look bad aithar—have you been Norking out? Take care of each other. You make n great couple. © - Sarit a memory For us all to treasure. Please © we jou the photo I took of he pir of you in brent off the rose bush You can display it in the frame T bought youhope you like it! Urele Ray UH never youwal dou the sisle—you look my Brealh away. x — Phybs Marple Whata beaut day lke something fom a faingtle! Have a wonderful future together! Don't © sa call after the honeymoon Jani Thank. you for your generosity-what & wonder Ful Feast! A beautiful day. Ht © back memories of own own “special day'—a vague, memory now for us oldies! PS. Best of Matt, Try not to working too hard! - Clara and Zoll to re new career in journalism,@ GRAMMAR Imaginary situations: Past + past participle. Thave terrible memori who criticized everything did! said,“ ® oll | ask you to explain this task" He said, “At your age, 1/would have known_ (know) whatto do.” 1 said, “I've finished the accounts", He said, "Oh deat. 1 (not present) them like that.” 1 Complete the anecdote. Use the correct form of would(n't) ‘of my first job. Thad an awful boss Tasked, “What did you think of my report?” He said, "A child @_____ (doy itbetter” said," using PowerPoint (help) my presentation?” He said, "No, it ® Nothing (improve) it—apart from starting again!” ‘asked, "What's wrong with this suit?” He said, "I © 1 said, “Why? I thought you ® delighted’ How would life have been different? Write sentences with if using an idea from box A and an idea from box B. A The government banned smoking in 1950, Shakespeare wasn't born. No one invented the Internet. Christopher Columbus didn’t go traveling, ‘There wasn’t a natural disaster millions of years ago. Air travel didn't become cheap and easy. 1B Package vacations never became popular. ‘Mark Zuckerberg didn't create Facebook. ‘Romeo and fuliet wasn't written. Rowar poopie died Hashim cae He didn’t discover America Dinosaurs survived. 1 If the government had banned smoking in 1950, ‘fewer people would have died from lung cancer 21 ______(choose) something more elegant.” He said, "Twas very upset to hear that you've resigned.” 2 Complete the memories using the past perfect or would have + past participle. Then put the events, in order, 1-6. Ifwe along with each other so well, we ona date. (nat get/not go) Itwe chatting, 1 ‘we had so much in common, (not start/never guess) | ___ Marei’s drink at the party if a better dancer. (not spill) I to Marek if | to apologize for my mistake. (never speak/not have) IFwe in love—well, you and your sister born! (not faiinot be) _1_ If “done _ to lessons, 1d have feared how to dance. (go/leamn) Review ‘a Write the past participle form of the verbs from the box. Then use them to complete the sentences. Which of these things happened to you this week? attack bite broke keep know wake wear 1 twas kept ____ waiting for a long time by a salesperson 2 We sneakers at least once this, week, 3 Iwent out with a friend who I've for along time, 4 fixed something that 'd 5 Iwent back to sleep after my alarm clack had me up. 6 Iwas or by an insect ‘or animal b Which sentences include verbs in: a the present perfect form? __,_ b the past perfect form? the passive form?5. Write the correct present perfect, past perfect or past passive 6 form of the verbs. | remember this photo, It , (take) by my grandfather ‘when | was faily little. | ‘was very happy because 12 (be) at the beach all day. 18 (ot see) the ocean before, so it was very exciting! 1 (be) back there many times since then, of course, but Hl never forget my first visit. As a special treat, 1 re (allow) to have an ice cream. As you know, 1° Rewrite the sentences using the present perfect, past perfect or passive form. Include the word in bold in your sentence, and add your own ideas. 1 Heft class. Then | went... (where?) {As soon as | had left class, | went home had 2 Isat down at the table. Then | ate... (what?) After | sat 3... (Who2) wrote my favorite childhood book. IMy favorite childhood book by ‘4 My English studies began in... (which year?) 1 since studied 5 When | started elementary school, my first teacher was.. (who?) ‘When I started elementary school, | (always/love) strawberry ice cream! Unfortunately, usta few seconds later, | dropped it! | don’t think Grandma was very happy taught because | (cover) in ice cream! But | was so 6 I moved here... (now many?) years ago. upset that 1 (forgive) really quickly | think i Hor they even bought me a new, bigger one to cheer me up. BRING IT TOGETHER 7 a Complete the tips. Choose one of the verbs in parentheses, and writ lived ‘the correct form of it If only '¢ known! Students from last year’s course share their study tip. --g—:s E> 11 Focus! — Bruno, 18 1 ldspent _(teke/spend) more time studying alone, | think e (believefing) it easier to concentrate. Turn off the radio and TV1 2 Study little and often ~ Carla, 21 Here's something ® (learneach) this year study litle it every day. If Id done that, I don’t think @ {forgettose) so much. 'm sure 1) (getimake) much better 4rades on my exams, 100. had to retake them! © b Which of these tips do you like the most? Can you t . 3 Write ~ Ahmed, 52 10) (teachearn) this tip | by my favorite teacher last year. I followed it after every lesson, After | o (copyltearn) ten ‘words, I wrote them down in sentences, This helped make studying more “active” for me. | think that if | hadn’t done this, 1 (not rememberinot remind) neatly as many words. i 4 Be artistic Thalia, 37 ‘Our teachers gave us some great ideas last year. For example, we © (ayfell that using pictures, oraphs and colors in our notebooks could help us to "see" key information in our minds. 18°) (didiuse) this method a lot recently it really does help! k of any more good ideas?SKILLS DEVELOPMENT FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE Apologizing LISTENING Listening in tests & exams 1. Look at sentences a-j and... 1 Read the listening strategy. Add one more 1 2 a b d e f e h i circle the expressions that are formal, oficial apologies. Underline the expressions that are responses to an apology. {really am very sorry. Please forgive me. ''m so sorry! There's no excuse. Don’t worry, Ill straighten it out. | promise it won't happen again. Well, | suppose that'll have to do! We regret to announce. Yeah, until the next time! \'mafraid | can’t come to the phone right now. It's OK, | understand, We apologize for any inconvenience caused, 2 a 4) Listen to four apologies. Match them to b Listen again. In which audio do you hear expressions a-j from 1? Audio ‘Audio 2 Audio 3 Audio 4 useful tip (you can use ideas from other listening strategies in this Workbook). 4) "2 Follow the steps inthe listening strategy to complete the task below. Remember to play the audio twice! Listening Test ‘Time: 15 minutes 2 points for each correct answer, Listen to Tom and Alice talking at home, Choose the correct answers. 1 What is the atic going to become? a ahome gym 'b aguest bedroom aplayroom ‘When did ‘Tom give Alice the flower? a on thei first date 'b on their second date ¢ on their first anniversary Who is the photo of a Tom's grandfather b Tom's greatuncle © Tom's firs teacher ‘Where was the photo taken? a on the farm bb in Grandpa's garden im the park ‘Why doesn't Alice want to invite Kelvin in? a She doesn’t like seeing him b The house isn't neat. © They don't have any food to offer him. ‘What does Alice wish Tom had done? ‘a. Reminded her about the vist, b Arranged a different time. © Written the event on the calendar. STRATEGY to prepare forests, practice listening activities Ike the ones inthis book as often as you can 1 Fistread any questions. 2 LUsten once fr gist Stay calm, and don't stop listening! 3. Complete any questions you can answer. 4 Listen again to check your answers and complete any missing questions. 5 If youreally don't know the answer, guessA Tae WRITING Structuring your writing 1. Quickly read the profile of Sinita. in which paragraph does Amarinder 1. describe an important memory? 2 say how Sinita influenced his life? Bansal Family Memory Book Sinita Bansal Sinita Bansal was anincredble woman who sped / was nspting mein many way Even though she faced many problems in hor le, shenever gave /gveup. Furthermore he was always arvious to try ew things, After shedretired, she decided to take up running—at the age of 68! One of mymost wid maar of Grandma her frst marathon when she wasinher 705i youd seonher you hae beer /dbe amazed, Whe she ws ruming.she waved her fan, including me However she drow own. 1 nr frst / nvr forgetse0ng her cross thefrichine. Shes bean runing ss raming much faster thanll the other athistesin har age group ie never sean anyone ook 0 happy! 2 Read the profile again and choose the correct tenses. Look at the bold forms of the verbs in sentences a-d from the profile. Which describes an experience up to now? an action in progress when another action happened? ‘a main action that happened at a specific time? an action that happened before another action? After she'd retired, she decided to take up running. While she was running, she waved to her fans. I"ve never seen anyone look so happ) Last year | qualified as a teacher 3. introduce Sinita? 4 give extra information about an event? This day was special for mores ‘than ongreason. After the aware had been gven/ rad ven out, Grandma tal everyone that sho wasn: going to keep the prize money stead it gonatad/wae donatadto a children’s chart. Grandealsloving, generous nature taught-me which path wanted to follow in lf. Laat year | qualified asa teacher of chicten wicHapeeal needs, eo canhelp there to !"%mheping / hope ican make you proud of me, Granda XeAmariader Read the profile again and circle one example of each of, the following grammatical structures: 1 aconditional form with would have 2 the passive form 3 reported speech 4 amodal verb expressing ability @ Write a profile of a person who has inspired you for ‘your own memory book. Use the paragraph plan from. 1, and include a variety of tenses and grammatical structures. check your work and make any corrections. STRATEGY ttisimportantto structure your writing: Draft a paragraph plan before you write, Use anew paragraph for each main idea. 1 Use various tenses, linkers and time expressions to show how different events relate to each other Consider including other grammatical structures, for ‘example, modal verbs ar reported speech, Finally, always read your work afterward. Don't just look for mistakes, but think about the text as a whole. I it enjoyable and easy to read? 'sit logically organized?eT PROGRESS TEST 4 4. Complete the sentences. There are two words that you don’t need. points) GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (25 points) Choose the correct options. (9 points) | wish | have (Rada better memory. Ive always been / was alittle absentminded ‘Once, | forgot a really important meeting after 1 "4 've lost my day planner. It was really embarrassing, After everyone had ‘waited for nearly an hour, the meeting canceled / was canceled. But since | bought a smartphone, everything has / had changed. | “haven't been told / haven’ told off for missing any more meetings for astart! fd bought a smartphone earlier, | wouldn't have forgotten / wouldn't forget that appointment. As a smartphone is a phone “that / who also has a calendar, Internet access and music, | only have to remember to take one gadget with me. 1 1411 recommend it to anyone who's / hich is as forgetful as me! 2. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs. (5 points) 1 only! (on vacation right now. (be) 2 I had a milion dollars, most of it to my family. (give) 3d go to the gym every day if | the time. (have) 4 In my country, the typical main meal at around 2 p.m. (eat) 5st this test yet. (not finish) 3 Find pairs of words or phrases that have similar meanings. 6 point) allow based-en beneficial center clear enable helpful in your own world indecisive lostin thought not forget remember unsure vivid centered on _-_based on ° 1 2 3 Z 4 5 6 away back for in on out up Dewy Marty, © Tosh yo were here! Manat ita grea place to get _ fromitall and ak the sn, eval tues me o do yu remember the vcation we had here when we — snorkeling and SS Gs seesicaget Ferre ie e me—that was what seeing ll he fh st dawned inspired yo 10 study marine Biology, wasn't? I seems long ago Wil verte again oon, x0 READING (25 points) 1 Quickly read the web page. Which smells do these people describe? 4 points) Amy 3 Greta 2 Daniel 4 Susan remember when... ‘Smells can bring back strong memories. What are the smells that affect you the most? Amy. "Mary things remind me of Mom, but this smell brings her back more vividly than all my photos. Mom was a busy, talented woman, but she always made her own bread. Its my favorite smell, even though it sometimes makes me cry had a flash of inspiration in a bakery a few years ago and ‘decided to take it up professionally, Dania! | know it sounds strange, but I've always liked the artificial smell of ‘gasoline. It reminds me of my grandpa: he was always fixing cars, bikes. Not ike me at all, fer to clumsy. | dont collect photo albums—Iuckily forme|'ve gota photographic memory. Wher I smell gasoline, can see my ‘grandpa standing right here, Greta Tho sl of fasly cut ass makes mo fel happy, ikea child. tough sure my childhood was probably sad sometimes! My dada garde, was a practical man, and he mowed the grass week inthe summer. Fm glad | remember that beacause have frgten so much Thank goodness for cameras! ‘Apparent the scents now being manufacturedby some imavatve scientists, Fler ty tout! Susan Really | prefer roses, but this evokes more memories I's funny, | ove it now, but | couldn't stand it when | was young! | suppose it you worked ina café all day it would lose its power, but the smell of coffee in the morning really cheers me up. It has tobe fresh though—instant coffee is ‘00 artificial2 Read the web page again. Answer the questions. (16 points) Who. 1. didn’t use to like a particular smell? 2 sometimes feels sad when they smell something? 3. mentions being different from a relative? 4 has another favorite smell (not the one they describe)? 5 started a career relating to the smell they describe? 6 doesn’t have a very good memory? 7 doesn’t have many photos? 8 wants to try a more artificial version of the smell? 3. Find words or expressions in the web page that match the definitions. (5 points) 1 strongly (adverb) 2 although (linker): 3 careless, awkward (adjective): 4 test (verb): 5 effect, strength, influence (noun): LISTENING (25 points) 1a 4)" Listen to a tour of a chocolate factory. Which five exhibits do visitors see? Number them in order, 1-5 (10 points) Tasting room (Exhibition hat international chocolate shop |_| Aztec room Garden room | Manufacturing room b Which exhibit is closed? (1 point) 2 Listen again and complete the chocolate fact sheet. Write ‘one word in each blank. (14 points) onsidered unlucy oolate is ‘Most environmentally tiendly crown in ‘and not in WRITING (25 points) 11 Match the paragraphs to the topics. (3 points) 1 Amemory of a particular family meal 2 Typical family mealtimes 3A description of the family Family mealtimes Since Bella and Luca left home, family rmeattimes were /have been much quieter ‘There are three of us at home. tm Tom. | ke to think of myself as kind ofa performer, although the others may disagree! My wife Camelia is an ‘excellent chet. Her lfe bases /is based a lot ‘on food because she runs her own restaurant ‘Our youngest son Andrei is @ computer whizz He's always checking social networks on his phone at the table, ED. Wie usualy eat ciner at around eight. ts almost always cooked by Camelia. First, we have a salad. Then / When the main dish is ‘brought in. i's always delicious! “Finally / After we've had dessert, there's always coffee. The table is cleared by Andrei. We, usualy. Last summer, we had a very special barbecue. After my parents had celebrated ther fiieth wedding anniversary, we organized a huge famiy party for them. They were / had been very surprised! I only I had some photos. Unfortunately, m very clumsy, and I dropped the camera in the soup as soon as / while | was serving. I had been /have been less careless, | wouldnt have broken it! 2 Choose the correct options to complete the text in 1. (7 points) 3. Write your own description of family mealtimes like the one in 1. (5 points) «Include the three paragraph topics you matched in. «Structure your writing by using a range of tenses and time and sequencing expressions.