Answers

INTEGRATION (Wrksheet)

Ex. 9a Integrate the functions with respect to x.

1 a) x6 , → ∫ x6 dx = 1/(6 + 1)x6+1

∫ x6 dx = 1 x7 + K
7

b) x⅓ , → ∫ x⅓ dx = 1/(⅓ + 1)x⅓+1 [hint : 1 ≡ 3/3]

∫ x⅓ dx = 3 x4/3 + K
4

c) x-4 , → ∫ x-4 dx = 1/(-4 + 1)x 4+1

∫ x-4 dx = – 1 x-3 + K
3

d) x-3/2 , → ∫ x-3/2 dx = 1/(-3/2 + 1)x-3/2+1

∫ x-3/2 dx = – 2x - ½ + K

e) 4√x, 4√x ≡ x 1/4 → ∫ x1/4 dx = 1/(1/4 + 1)x 1/4+1 [hint :1 ≡ 4/4]

∫ x-1/4 dx = 4 x 5/4
+ K
5

f) 1 , 1 ≡ x –7 → ∫ x – 7 dx = 1/(– 7 + 1)x – 7+1

x7 x7

∫ x – 7 dx = – 1 x - 6 + K
6

2. 2x2 – 1 + x
x
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2x2 – 1 + x ≡ 2x2 – x – 2 + x
x2

∫( 2x2 – x – 2 + x ) dx = ∫ 2x2 dx – ∫ x – 2 dx + ∫ x dx
= 2 × 1 x2+1 – 1 x-2+1 + 1 x1 + 1
(2+1) (–2+1) (1+1)

= 2 × 1 x3 + x – 1 + 1 x2
3 2

= 2 x3 + 1 + x/2 + K
3 x 2

3. √x + 1
3
√x

√x + 1 ≡ x ½ + x –⅓
3
√x

∫( x ½ + x –⅓ ) dx = ∫ x ½ dx + ∫ x –⅓ dx

= 1 x ½ + 1 + 1 x –⅓ +1 [hint: 1 ≡ 2/2 & 1≡ 3/3 ]

(½+1) (–⅓+1)

= 2 x3/2 + 3 x⅔
3 2

= 2 x3/2 + 3 x⅔ + K
3 2

4. 3x3 + x – 3 + 3

∫(3x3 + x – 3 + 3) dx = ∫ 3x3 dx + ∫ x – 3 dx + ∫ 3 dx
= 3 × 1 x3+1 + 1 x -3+1 + 3x
(3+1) (–3+1)

= 3 × 1 x4 – 1 x – 2 + 3x
4 2

= 3 x4 – 1 x/ – 2 + 3x + K
4 2
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5. 4 – 1 – x2
x3 x2

4 – 1 – x2 ≡ 4x – 3 – x – 2 – x2
x3 x2

∫(4x – 3 – x – 2 – x2) dx = ∫ 4x – 3 dx – ∫ x – 2 dx – ∫ x2 dx
= 4 × 1 x – 3+1 – 1 x – 2+1 – 1 x2 + 1
(– 3+1) (–2+1) (2 + 1)

= 4 × 1 x – 2 – 1 x – 1 – 1 x3
–2 (– 1) 3

= – 2 x – 2 + x – 1 – 3 – 1 x3

=– 2 – 1 – x3 + K
x2 x 3

6. 2x5/2 – x2/5

∫(2x5/2 – x –2/5 ) dx = ∫ 2x 5/2 dx – ∫ x – 2/5 dx

= 2 × 1 x 5/2+1 – 1 x –2/5 +1
(5/2 +1) (–2/5 +1) [hint: 1≡ 5/5]

= 2 × 2 x 7/2 – 5 x 3/5
7 3

= 4 x 7/2 – 5 x 3/5
7 3

= 4 x 7/2 – 5 x 3/5 + K
7 3

7. 5x4 – 3x2 + 7

∫(5x4 – 3x2 + 7) dx = ∫ 5x4 dx – ∫ 3x 2 dx + ∫ 7 dx

= 5 × 1 x4+1 – 3 × 1 x 2+1 + 7x
(4+1) (2+1)

= 5 × 1 x5 – 3 × 1 x 3 + 7x
5 3
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= x5 – x 3 + 7x

= x5 – x 3 + 7x + K

8. 4x – 3 + x – 4 + 1

∫(4x – 3 + x – 4 + 1) dx = ∫ 4x – 3 dx + ∫ x – 4 dx + ∫ 1 dx
= 4 × 1 x – 3+1 + 1 x – 4+1 + x
(– 3+1) (–4+1)

= 4 × 1 x–2 – 1 x –3 + x
–2 3
= – 2 x – 3 x –3 + x
–2 –1

= –2 x –2 – 1 x – 3 + x
3
= –2 x – 1 x – 3 + x + K
–2

9. 3x – ½ – x – 3/2

∫(3x– ½ + x –3/2 ) dx = ∫ 3x– ½ dx + ∫ x – 3/2 dx

= 3× 1 x – ½ +1 – 1 x –3/2 +1
–3/2
(– ½ +1) ( +1) [hint: 1≡ 2/2 ]

= 3 × 1 x½ – 1 x –½
(½ ) (– ½)

= 6 x½ + 2 x – ½

= 6 x½ + 2 x – ½ + K

10. 1 x – 2 –1
2 √x

1 x – 2 – 1≡ ½ x – 2x– ½ – 1
2 √x
∫(½ x – 2x– ½ – 1) dx = ∫ ½ x dx – ∫ 2x – ½ dx – ∫ 1 dx
= ½ × 1 x 1+1 – 2 × 1 x – ½+1 – x [hint: 1≡ 2/2]
(1+1) (– ½ +1)
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= ½ × 1 x2 – 2 × 1 x ½ – x
2 ½

= 1 x2 – 4 x ½ – x
4

= 1 x 2 – 4 √x – x
4

= 1 x 2 – 4 √x – x + K
4

Ex. 9b Integrate the following functions with respect to x.

1. a) 3 , → ∫ 3 dx = 3x

b) 3x5 , → ∫ 3x5 dx = 3 × 1 x5+1

(5 + 1)

= 3× 1 x6
6

= 1 x6
2

= 1 x6 + K
2

c) (3x)5

(3x)5 ≡ 35x5 → ∫ 35x5 dx = 35 × 1 x5+1

(5 + 1)

= 243 × 1 x6
6

= 81 x6
2

= 81 x6 + K
2
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d) 3(x + 1)5

∫ 3 (x + 1) 5 dx = 3 × 1 (x + 1) 5 + 1
(5 +1)(1)

= 3× 1 (x +1) 6
(6)(1)

= 3× 1 (x +1) 6
6

= 1 (x +1) 6
2

= 1 (x +1) 6 +K
2

2. 4x3 – 5x + 6

∫(4x 3 – 5x + 6 ) dx = ∫ 4x3 dx – ∫ 5x dx + ∫ 6 dx

= 4 × 1 x 3+1 – 5 × 1 x 1+1 + 6x
(3+1) (1+1)

= 4 x 4 – 5 x 2 + 6x
4 2

= x 4 – 5 x 2 + 6x
2

= x 4 – 5 x 2 + 6x + K
2
3. (2x – 1)2

∫(2x – 1)2 dx = 1 (2x – 1)2+ 1

(2 +1)(2)

= 1 (2x – 1)3
(3)(2)

= 1 (2x – 1)3
6

= 1 (2x – 1)3 + K
6
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4. (2 + 7x)3

∫ (2 + 7x)3 dx = 1 (2 + 7x)3+1
(3 +1)(7)

= 1 (2 + 7x)4
(4)(7)

= 1 (2 + 7x)4
28

= 1 (2 + 7x)4 + K
28
5. 4(1 – x) ½

∫ 4 (1 – x) ½ dx = 4 × 1 (1 – x) ½ + 1 [hint: 1≡ 2/2]
( ½ +1)(– 1)

= 4× 1 (1 – x) 3/2
(3/2)(–1)

= 4 × – 2 (1 – x) 3/2
3
= – 8 (1 – x) 3/2
3

= – 8 (1 – x) 3/2 + K
3

6. 3√2 – 5x

3√2 – 5x ≡ 3(2 – 5x)½

∫ 3 (2 – 5x) ½ dx = 3 × 1 (2 – 5x) ½ + 1 [hint: 1≡ 2/2]

(½ +1)(– 5)

= 3× 1 (2 – 5x) 3/2
(3/2)(–5)

= 3 × – 2 (2 – 5x) 3/2
15

= – 2 (2 – 5x) 3/2
5
 Answers

= – 2 √(2 – 5x)3
5

= – 2 √(2 – 5x)3 + K
5

7. 1
(4x + 5)3

1 ≡ (4x + 5)– 3
3
(4x + 5)

∫ (4x + 5)– 3 dx = 1 (4x +5) – 3+1 [ hint: 1 ≡ 3/3]

(– 3 +1)(4)

= 1 (4x + 5) – 2
(– 2)(4)

= 1 (4x + 5) – 2
(– 8)

=– 1 × 1
8 (4x + 5) 2

=– 1
8 (4x + 5) 2

=– 1 +K
2
8 (4x + 5)

8. 1 3 (4x + 5)4/3 + K
√(1 – 2x)

. 1 ≡ (1 – 2x ) – ½
√(1 – 2x)

∫ (1 – 2x)– ½ dx = 1 (1 – 2x) – ½ +1 [hint: 1 ≡ 2/2]

(– ½ +1)(– 2)

= 1 (1 – 2x) ½
( ½ )( – 2)

= 1 (1 – 2x) ½
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–1

= – (1 – 2x) ½

= – √(1 – 2x)

= – √(1 – 2x) + K

9. 1
3
√(3 – 7x)
1 ≡ (3 – 7x)– ⅓
3
√(3 – 7x)

∫ (3 – 7x) – ⅓ dx = 1 (3 – 7x) – ⅓ +1 [hint: 1 ≡ 3/3]

(– ⅓ +1)(– 7)

= 1 (3 – 7x) ⅔
( ⅔ )( –7)

= 3 (3 – 7x) ⅔
– 14

= – 3 (3 – 7x) ⅔
14

= – 3 (3 – 7x) ⅔ + K
14

10. 3 + √ 1 – 2x
(2x + 1)3

3 + √ 1 – 2x ≡ 3(2x + 1) – 3 + (1 – 2x)½ [hint: 1≡ 2/2]

3
(2x + 1)

∫ 3(2x +1) – 3 dx + ∫ (1 – 2x) ½ dx = 3× 1 (2x+ 1)– 3+1 + 1 (1–2x) ½ +1

(–3 +1)(2) (½ +1)(– 2)

= 3 (2x+ 1) – 2 + 1 (1–2x) 3/2

(– 2)(2) ( 3/2 )( – 2)

= 3 (2x+ 1) – 2 + 1 (1–2x) 3/2

–4 –3

= – 3 (2x+ 1) – 2 – 1 (1–2x)3/2
4 3
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= – 3 – √ (1–2x)3
4(2x+ 1)2 3

11. 4√ x + √4x + 1 – 4(1 – 3x)3

4√ x + √4x + 1 – 4(1 – 3x)3 ≡ 4(x) ½ + (4x+ 1)½ – 4(1 – 3x)3

∫ 4(x) ½ dx + (4x + 1) ½ dx – ∫4(1 – 3x)3 dx

∫4(x) ½ + (4x+ 1)½ – 4(1 – 3x)3 dx = ∫4(x) ½ dx + ∫ (4x+1)½ dx +– ∫4(1 – 3x)3 dx

= 4 × 1 x ½ +1 + 1 (4x+1)x ½ +1 – 4 × 1 (1 – 3x)3 + 1
(½ +1) (½ +1)(4) (3+1)(–3)

= 4 × 1 x 3/2 + 1 (4x+1)x3/2 – 4 × 1 (1 – 3x)4

(3/2) (3/2)(4) (4)(–3)

= 8 x 3/2 + 1 (4x +1) 3/2 – 1 (1 – 3x)4

3 6 –3

= 8 x 3/2 + 1 (4x +1) 3/2 + 1 (1 – 3x)4

3 6 3

= 8 √x 3 + 1 √ (4x +1)3 + 1 (1 – 3x)4

3 6 3

= 8 √x 3 + 1 √ (4x +1)3 + 1 (1 – 3x)4 + K

3 6 3

12. (px + q)r

∫ (px + q)r dx = 1 (px + q) r + 1

(r +1)(p)

= (px + q) r + 1
p( r +1)

= (px + q) r + 1 + K
p( r +1)
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9c. Integrate the following expressions with respect to x.

1. sin 2x

∫ sin 2x dx = – 1 cos 2x + K
2

2. 3 cos (4x – π )
2
∫ 3 cos (4x – π ) dx = 3 × 1 sin (4x – π )
2 4 2

= 3 sin (4x – π )
4 2
3. sec2 ( π – 2x)
3
∫ sec2( π – 2x ) dx = 1 tan ( π – 2x)
3 –2 3

= 1 tan ( π – 2x) + K
–2 3

Ex. 9d Integrate the following expressions with respect to x.

1. e2x
∫ e2x dx = (1) ( 1 ) e2x + K
2

= 1 e2x
2

= 1 e2x + K
2

2. 3e– x
∫ 3e – x dx = (3) ( 1 ) 3e – x + K
–1

= – 3e – x

= – 3e – x + K
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3. e4x + 1
∫ e4x + 1 dx =(1) ( 1 ) e4x + 1
4

= 1 e4x + 1
4

= 1 e4x + 1 + K
4

4. 4e5 – 3x
∫ 4e5 – 3x dx =(4) (1 ) 4e5 – 3x
–3

= – 4 4e5 –3x
3

= – 4 4e5 –3x + K
3

5. 2x
∫ 2x dx = 1 2x
ln 2

= 1 2x
ln 2

= 1 2x + K
ln 2

6. 32x
∫ 32x dx = 1 32x
2 ln 3

= 1 32x
2 ln 3

= 1 32x
2 ln 3

= 32x
2 ln 3

= 32x + K
 Answers

2 ln 3

7. 31 – x
∫ 31 – x dx = 1 31 – x
– ln 3

= 1 31 – x
– ln 3

= 1 31 – x
– ln 3

= – 31 – x
ln 3

= – 31 – x + K
ln 3

8. √ex ≡ e ½ x

∫ e ½ dx = 1 e ½x
½

= 1 e ½x
½

= 1 e ½x
½

= 2 e ½x
1

= 2 e ½x or 2√ex

= 2 e ½x + K or 2√ex + K

9. e2x + 1 ≡ e2x + e – 2x
e2x

∫ e2x + e – 2x dx = ∫ e2x dx + ∫ e– 2x dx

∫ e2x dx + ∫ e– 2x dx = 1 e2x + 1 e – 2x
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2 –2

= 1 e2x + 1 e – 2x
2 –2

= 1 e2x – 1 e – 2x (factorize for ½ )

2 2

= 1 (e2x – e – 2x )
2

= ½ (e2x – e – 2x )

= ½ (e2x – e – 2x ) + K

10. 3e – 3x – ½ e2x

∫ 3e – 3x – ½ e2x dx = ∫ 3e – 3x dx – ∫ ½ e2x dx

∫ 3e – 3x dx – ∫ ½ e2x dx = 3 × 1 e– 3x – ½ × 1 e 2x
–3 2

= – 1 e– 3x – 1 e 2x
1 4

= – e2x – 1 e – 2x
4
= – e2x – 1 e – 2x + K
4

Ex. 9e Integrate the following expressions with respect to x.

1. 1
2x
∫ 1 dx = 1 ln | x |
2x 2

= 1 ln | x | + K
2

2. 2
x
∫ 2 dx = 2 × 1 ln | x |
x 1
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= 2 ln | x |
1

= 2 ln | x |

= 2 ln | x | + K

3. 1
3x + 1

∫ 1 dx = 1 ln |3x + 1|
3x + 1 3

= 1 ln | 3x + 1 |
3

= 1 ln | 3x + 1| + K
3
4. 1
1 – 3x

∫ 1 dx = 1 ln | 1– 3x |
1 – 3x –3

= – 1 ln |1 – 3x |
3

= – 1 ln |1 – 3x | + K
3

5. 4
1 + 2x

∫ 4 dx = 4 × 1 ln | 1 + 2x |
1 + 2x 2

= 2 ln |1 + 2x |

= 2 ln |1 + 2x | + K

6. 3
4 – 2x
 Answers

∫ 3 dx = 3 × 1 ln | 4 – 2x |
4 – 2x –2

= 3 ln | 4 – 2x |
–2

= – 3 ln | 4 – 2x |
2

= – 3 ln | 4 – 2x | + K
2

7. 3x ≡ (x – 1)(x – 2) [hint:
(x – 1)(x – 2) (x – 1)(x – 2) (x – 1)(x – 2

8. 1
(2 – 3x)3

∫ 1 dx = 1 ln | 1– 3x |
1 – 3x –3

= – 1 ln |1 – 3x |
3

= – 1 ln |1 – 3x | + K
3
9.