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 BRITISH STANDARD BS 3243:1990
Incorporating
Amendment Nos. 1
and 2

Specification for

Hand-operated chain
blocks
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UDC 621.861:621-219.523:[Link].3:006.3/.8
 BS 3243:1990

Committees responsible for this

British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Mechanical

Handling Standards Policy Committee (MHE/-) to Technical Committee
MHE/5, upon which the following bodies were represented:

British Chain Manufacturers’ Association

British Ports Federation and the National Association of Ports Employers
Associated Offices Technical Committee
Construction Health and Safety Group
Department of Trade and Industry [Mechanical Engineering and
Manufacturing Technology Division (Mmt)]
Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes
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Federation of Wire Rope Manufacturers of Great Britain

Health and Safety Executive
Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Lifting Equipment Engineers’ Association
Ministry of Defence
North East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Mechanical
Handling Standards Policy
Committee, was published
under the authority of the
Board of BSI and comes
into effect on
29 June 1990

© BSI 03-1999
Amendments issued since publication
First published May 1960
Second edition February 1973
Third edition June 1990
Amd. No. Date Comments

6778 October 1991

The following BSI references
relate to the work on this 9106 October 1996 Indicated by a sideline in the margin
standard:
Committee reference MHE/5
Draft for comment 87/72610 DC

ISBN 0 580 18412 9

 BS 3243:1990

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 Definitions 1
3 Construction 1
4 Performance 3
5 Classification and selection of safe working load 5
6 Certificate of test and examination 5
7 Marking 5
Appendix A Classification 7
Appendix B Information to be supplied with the enquiry or order 7
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Appendix C Recommendations for the care and safe use of chain

blocks 7
Appendix D Torque limiting device 8
Figure 1 — Chain block components and dimensional definitions 2
Table 1 — Proof loads 4
Table 2 — Safe working load of chain blocks 5
Table 3 — States of loading of mechanisms 7
Table 4 — Classification of chain blocks 7
Publications referred to Inside back cover

© BSI 03-1999 i
 BS 3243:1990

Foreword

This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Mechanical
Handling Standards Policy Committee. It supersedes BS 3243:1973, which is
withdrawn.
The major new requirements in this standard are as follows:
a) the introduction of a classification system broadly based on ISO 4301,
published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO);
b) the introduction of a number of new tests.
Where chain blocks are used in conjunction with runway beams, the beams
should be designed and tested in accordance with BS 2853.
It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of
its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people.
Purchasers ordering chain blocks in accordance with BS 3243 are advised to
confirm in their purchasing contract that the manufacturer operates a quality
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system in compliance with the appropriate Part of BS 5750, or suitable

equivalent, to ensure themselves that products claimed to comply with
BS 3243 consistently achieve the required level of quality.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.

ii © BSI 03-1999
 BS 3243:1990

1 Scope 2.7
extended dimension
This British Standard specifies requirements for
chain blocks that require the use of a hand chain the distance between the suspension level and the
both for hoisting and for lowering. It specifies tests bottom hook saddle, when the bottom hook is in the
and marking, together with matters relating to the extended position. It equals the sum of the drawn up
construction and classification of the block. dimension and the range of lift
NOTE 1 Details of block classification are given in Appendix A. 2.8
Information which the purchaser should supply in an enquiry or operating level
order is given in Appendix B. Recommendations for the care and
safe use of chain blocks are given in Appendix C. Details of an the level on which the operator stands
optional torque limiting device are given in Appendix D.
NOTE 2 The titles of the publications referred to in this 2.9
standard are listed on the inside back cover. representative sample block
a block representative of a production run or batch
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2 Definitions of blocks of the same type, i.e. with the same gears,
For the purposes of this British Standard, the brake, casing, chain, hooks, etc. but not necessarily
following definitions apply (see also Figure 1). the same range of lift
2.1
hand-operated chain block
3 Construction
a block reeved with a short link calibrated load 3.1 Brakes
chain, operated by a hand chain and giving a Blocks shall be provided with an automatic brake
mechanical advantage capable of arresting and sustaining the load in all
2.2 working positions and which permits smooth
working load limit (WLL) controlled lowering of all loads without serious
overheating such as to impair the efficient working
the maximum mass which the block is designed to of the block.
raise, lower or suspend
3.2 Ratchet wheels and pawls
2.3
safe working load (SWL) 3.2.1 General
the maximum mass (as certified by a competent Where ratchet wheels and pawls are included in the
person) which the block may raise, lower or suspend design, they shall be designed so that they maintain
under particular service conditions. full engagement as the brake pads wear.
NOTE See clause 5 and Appendix A for selection of SWL. 3.2.2 Pawl operating mechanism
2.4 Either pawls shall be spring loaded or engagement
suspension level with the ratchet wheel shall be ensured by other
1) Where a block is suspended from a hook: the equally effective and positive means. Engagement
level of the suspending hook saddle. between the pawls and ratchet wheels shall not
depend either on a tension spring or on gravity
2) Where a block is combined with a trolley: the alone.
level of the surface upon the trolley runs.
3.2.3 Position of pawls
NOTE In other cases the suspension level is the appropriate
level similar to those defined in 1) and 2). If the pawl operating mechanism fails during a
2.5 vertical lift, the pawl shall be fully operated by
drawn up dimension gravity so that the load is sustained without damage
to the mechanism.
the distance between the suspension level and the
bottom hook saddle when the bottom hook is in the 3.2.4 Pawl stop
fully raised position A pawl stop shall be provided and so positioned that
2.6 the pawl just clears the teeth of the ratchet wheel.
range of lift 3.3 Lubrication
the vertical distance which the bottom hook travels Blocks shall be capable of being lubricated both
between extended and highest positions initially and during servicing unless materials with
inherent lubricating properties are used.
Advice about lubrication shall be included in the
servicing instructions.

© BSI 03-1999 1
 BS 3243:1990
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Figure 1 — Chain block components and dimensional definitions

3.4 Hooks and other suspension fittings b) ISO 7597 and ISO 8539, which respectively cover
grade T(8) and grade M(4) hooks with point and eye only.
3.4.1 General However, much of the information could also be applied to
shank hooks using the same materials.
Hooks shall be forged from steel and the shank shall NOTE 2 Safety latches are recommended but attention is
be either: drawn to the statutory regulations covering lifting operations. In
a) provided with a nut or screwed collar of outside some cases these requirements affect hooks, demanding safety
catches, mousing or the use of C hooks.
diameter of at least 1.5 times the diameter of the
shank, and the continuous length of shank All hooks and other suspension fittings shall be
engaged by the nut or screwed collar on the load detachable for inspection of stressed parts,
side shall be equal to at least 0.66 times the e.g. shanks.
diameter of the shank before being interrupted by The rotating parts of swivel shank hooks shall be
drilling for pins or other fixings; or capable of being lubricated both initially on
b) so shaped from the solid as to afford the same installation and during servicing.
security as though a nut were fitted as in a). Advice about lubrication shall be included in the
NOTE 1 Attention is drawn to the following standards: servicing instructions.
a) BS 2903, which specifies only higher tensile steel hooks,
including in detail the construction, etc. of shank hooks
suitable for chain blocks;

2 © BSI 03-1999
 BS 3243:1990

In designs which include ball bearings which are 3.5.6 Slack end anchorage
used in the shear mode, the entry hole for The slack end anchorage shall be designed to
assembling the balls shall be firmly sealed so that withstand the test detailed in 4.2.3.
the balls cannot become detached from the assembly
in service. 3.5.7 Terminal links
Where the means of attachment of a shank hook is Any links used for connecting the load chain to a
dependent on a split collar mating with an enlarged terminal fitting shall be of the same material as the
head on the shank, the means of retention shall be load chain, and shall be heat treated to provide
secure. mechanical properties and strength not less than
those of the load chain.
3.4.2 Top hook
3.6 Hand chain
Where provision is made for the top hook to swivel,
it shall remain positionally stable under load. 3.6.1 Chain
The hand chain shall have sufficient strength to
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3.4.3 Bottom swivel hook

maintain compatibility with the hand chain wheel
Bottom hooks shall be free to rotate under load so as
while performing the test specified in 4.3, shall
to prevent twisting of the load chain. If threaded
retain its shape after the test and shall be smooth
components are used, they shall be sealed against
and free from imperfections, e.g. sharp projecting
ingress of moisture. Welding shall not be used as a
edges, which could injure the operator’s hands.
method of retention or sealing.
The length of the hand chain shall be such that the
3.5 Load chain lowest point of its suspended loop hangs at a
3.5.1 Chain nominal height of 300 mm above the operating level
The load chain shall be of the calibrated type. Either as shown in Figure 1.
the load chain shall comply with BS 4942-1 NOTE The operating level will usually be level with the
extended position of the hook.
and BS 4942-6 or, if it is an alternative load chain,
i.e. grade 100, the working load limit shall be in 3.6.2 Hand chain wheels
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Hand chain wheels shall be provided with flanges
NOTE If a grade 100 chain is used, it is recommended that the and shall be designed to ensure effective operation
minimum total ultimate elongation should be 10 % and the with the hand chain.
maximum mean stress at WLL should be 250 MPa.
The fitted length of the load chain shall be such as 3.6.3 Chain engagement
to allow the full stated range of lift to be made Means shall be provided to guide the hand chain
without imposing load on the slack end anchorage. into the pockets of the hand chain wheel and to
3.5.2 Chain engagement ensure its retention.
Means shall be provided to guide the load onto the 3.6.4 Joining
load chain wheel. The hand chain shall be joined without twist. The
3.5.3 Stripper method of joining shall ensure that there are no
sharp or projecting edges capable of causing hand
A stripper shall be provided to ensure injury.
disengagement of the load chain from the load chain
wheel. 3.7 Design temperature
3.5.4 Load chain wheels In selecting materials, lubricants, etc. for blocks,
manufacturers shall assume an operating
The load chain wheel shall be accurately finished so temperature range of – 10 °C to + 40 °C.
that the chain pockets are compatible with the load
NOTE Operating temperature requirements outside this range
chain and so that smooth operation is ensured. should be by agreement between the manufacturer and the
The design of the chain pockets shall be such that it purchaser (see Appendix B).
minimizes the bending action on the chain links.
4 Performance
3.5.5 Idler wheels
4.1 General
Provision shall be made to guide the load chain onto
and around idler wheels so as to prevent twisting. All tests shall be carried out at room temperature.
The accuracy of load measuring devices shall be
The design of the idler wheels shall be such that it
within ± 2 % of the nominal test load.
minimizes the bending action on the chain links.

© BSI 03-1999 3
 BS 3243:1990

4.2 Type tests 4.2.5 Drive strength test

4.2.1 General [Link] Test procedure
The manufacturer shall conduct type tests as A representative sample block shall be loaded with
described in 4.2.2 to 4.2.7 to prove the design, at least the proof load (see Table 1) and shall be
material, heat treatment and method of operated through a height of lift which will ensure
manufacture of each type and size of finished block. that every part of the block mechanism and each
Type tests shall be carried out on one representative tooth of the gearing comes under load. The block
sample block of each type and size. shall be dismantled and the gear teeth, ratchet and
pawl, etc. shall be inspected.
4.2.2 Ultimate strength test
[Link] Acceptance criteria
[Link] Test procedure
The components shall be free from deformation,
A representative sample block shall be subjected to cracks, flaws or other defects and there shall be no
at least 4 times the working load limit (WLL) for at
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loosening of connections.
least 5 min.
4.2.6 Light load test
[Link] Acceptance criteria
[Link] Test procedure
There shall be no breakage of material, partial or
complete, nor such distortion as could result in the A representative sample block shall be loaded with
release of the load. a test weight of between 2 % and 5 % of WLL which
NOTE Following this test all parts should be made unusable.
shall be raised and lowered through a height of
between 250 mm and 500 mm.
4.2.3 Slack end anchorage/end stop test
[Link] Acceptance criterion
[Link] Test procedure
When the hand chain is released at any point during
A representative sample block shall be subjected to raising and lowering, the brake shall hold the
at least 2.5 times the WLL such that the slack end weight.
anchorage or end stop supports the full load without
NOTE Blocks which are fitted with seals may appear to hold
restraint from other components (e.g. gearing, the load by the brake, when in fact it is being held by seal friction
brake). only. This condition does not meet the acceptance criterion.
[Link] Acceptance criteria 4.2.7 Brake lock-out test
There shall be no breakage of material, partial or [Link] Test procedure
complete, nor such distortion as could result in the A representative sample block shall be subjected to
release of the load. a test load of between 5 % and 7 % of WLL. A
4.2.4 Endurance test restraining pin shall be inserted through the load
NOTE For the purposes of this test, the block may be reeved chain on the slack side and the hand chain shall be
with a single fall provided the tension in the load chain equals the operated in the lowering direction until the
actual tension imposed when the fully reeved block is raising the restraining pin provides a lock against a heavy pull
WLL.
on the hand chain.
[Link] Test procedure
[Link] Acceptance criterion
A representative sample block shall be loaded with
On removal of the restraining pin, the brake shall
the WLL which shall be raised and lowered so that
immediately engage and prevent the load from
the mechanism is in notion for 100 h at an
descending.
equivalent minimum hand chain speed of 20 m/min
in 500 mm to 600 mm steps. Table 1 — Proof loads
NOTE It is permissible to change brake pads and the portion of WLL Proof load
chain working over the load chain sprocket a maximum (min)
of 2 times during the test. It is also permissible to lubricate the
t
block and chain regularly during the test.
[Link] Acceptance criteria up to 10 1.5 × WLL
10 to 20 WLL + 5 t
There shall be no breakage of material, partial or
> 20 1.25 × WLL
complete, nor such distortion as could result in the
release of the load. NOTE Attention is drawn to Certificate of Exemption, F2054,
made under the Shipbuilding an Ship-Repairing
regulations, 1960, which requires all chain pulley blocks to be
tested to 1.5 times their SWL.

4 © BSI 03-1999
 BS 3243:1990

4.3 Tests on each block 5 Classification and selection of safe

4.3.1 Proof test working load
[Link] Test procedure 5.1 Classification
The proof load specified in Table 1 shall be applied The classification shall take account of the state of
by means of weights or hydraulically or by other loading and expected service life (see Appendix A)
means which shall provide the required proof load. and shall be based on the information provided by
Where a hydraulic testing machine or means other the purchaser in accordance with Appendix B.
than weights is used, the machine shall be of such a 5.2 Selection of safe working load
design that the block can be operated through the
The safe working load shall be selected in
required distance whilst maintaining the required accordance with Table 2 using the classification
proof load within an accuracy of +10 % of the (see 5.1).
0
required proof load.
Table 2 — Safe working load of chain blocks
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This test shall be carried out by operating the hand

chain wheel by hand or power. Classification Safe working load

When the test is carried out by operating the hand % of working load limit
chain wheel by power, the hand chain drive shall be M1 100
interrupted a minimum of three times whilst both M2 80
lifting and lowering, in a manner that does not M3 63
assist the brake of the chain block to arrest or M4 50
sustain the load.
All hooks and end fittings shall be regarded as 6 Certificate of test and examination
having been proof tested by this test. A certificate of test and examination shall be issued
On completion of the test the block shall be for each individual block, giving the following
examined by a competent person. information:
NOTE Examination may normally be carried out without a) alphanumeric identification;
dismantling.
b) make and type;
[Link] Acceptance criteria
c) classification (see 5.1);
The block shall be free from deformation, cracks,
flaws or other defects, there shall be no loosening of d) safe working load (see 5.2);
connections and the block shall operate e) load chain size and grade;
satisfactorily. f) proof load applied (see 4.3.1)
4.3.2 Light load test g) date the test and examination were completed.
[Link] Test procedure The certificate shall be signed by an authorized
Each block shall be loaded with a test weight of person, and shall declare that each block was
between 2 % and 5 % of WLL which shall be raised submitted to the proof test described in 4.3.1 and
and lowered through a height of between 250 mm was subsequently examined by a competent person,
and 500 mm. and that it complies with BS 32431).
NOTE The certificate may be the appropriate statutory form
[Link] Acceptance criterion provided that the required information is given.
When the hand chain is released at any point during
raising and lowering, the brake shall hold the 7 Marking
weight. 7.1 General
NOTE Blocks which are fitted with seals may appear to hold
the load by the brake, when in fact it is being held by seal friction
The following information shall be permanently and
only. This condition does not meet the acceptance criterion. legibly marked on a suitable part of the block:
a) alphanumeric identification;
b) classification (see 5.1);
c) safe working load (see 5.2);
d) grade of the load chain;

1) Marking BS 3243:1990 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturer’s declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or
on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is therefore
solely the responsibility of the person making the claim. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of
conformity, which may also be desirable.

© BSI 03-1999 5
 BS 3243:1990

e) name of the maker or supplier.

Operating and maintenance instructions shall be
supplied (see also 3.3 and 3.4.1).
7.2 Units for safe working loads [see 7.1 c)]
Safe working loads of less than 1 000 kg shall be
marked in kilograms, i.e. “kg”, to the nearest whole
kilogram.
Safe working loads of 1 000 kg or more shall be
marked in tonnes, i.e. as “tonnes” or “t”. The value
shall be given to a single place of decimals, except
where the figure after the decimal point would be 0,
in which case it shall be omitted, and except in the
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case of 1.25 t, which shall be given to two decimal

places.

6 © BSI 03-1999
 BS 3243:1990

Appendix A Classification Appendix B Information to be

A.1 General supplied with the enquiry or order
In order to assure appropriate levels of reliability The enquiry and order should state the following:
and service life, which are in line with the user a) the classification with state of loading and
requirements, classification takes account of the expected service life (see 5.1 and Appendix A);
state of loading (see A.2) and expected service life b) the safe working load (see 5.2);
and is based on the information provided in
accordance with Appendix B. c) the extended dimension (see Figure 1);
Where the state of loading and expected service life d) the maximum acceptable drawn up dimension,
are unknown or are not specified, a classification of if head room is important (see Figure 1);
M1 is assumed and is stated as “M1 assumed” on the e) the range of lift (see Figure 1);
certificate of test and block marking. In this f) the distance from suspension level to operating
instance the SWL is the same as the WLL.
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level (see Figure 1);

A.2 State of loading g) environment in which the block is to be
The state of loading is a measure of the number of operated;
times a load of a particular magnitude is lifted in h) the operating temperature requirements
relation to the WLL of the appliance and is selected (see 3.7);
from Table 3. i) whether a torque limiting device is required
Table 3 — States of loading of mechanisms (see Appendix D).
States of loading Remarks
Appendix C Recommendations for the
L1 Light Mechanisms subjected very
rarely to their maximum load
care and safe use of chain blocks
and normally to very light loads Chain blocks are precision made and should be
L2 Moderate Mechanisms occasionally treated with appropriate care. They should not be
subjected to their maximum load dropped and should be protected from weather,
but normally to rather light loads water, heat, mud, etc.
L3 Heavy Mechanisms frequently Except for testing purposes chain blocks should
subjected to their maximum load never be used to lift a load in excess of the safe
and normally to loads of medium working load marked on the block. Use of the block
magnitude at any load greater than the safe working load will
result in danger.
L4 Very heavy Mechanisms regularly subjected
to their maximum loads It is imperative that a load chain is never used as a
sling, i.e. by back hooking. Knots should not be tied
NOTE The state of loading may be increased by one grade if
justified by severe conditions of use, e.g. shock loading, dirty
in the load chain, nor should bolts be used to join it.
conditions. It is important to examine the load chain before use
to ensure that there is no twist. In the case of a block
A.3 Classification lifting on two parts of chain, twist can arise from the
The classification of the chain block is determined bottom block being turned over.
from the state of loading and the expected service Load chains should be kept well lubricated along
life as given in Table 4. their whole length and especially at the contact
Table 4 — Classification of chain blocks points between the links. A dry lubricant should be
State of loading Expected service life (h) used where oils and greases are not desirable.
Failure to maintain correct lubrication reduces the
100 200 400 800
life of the chain.
L1 — — — M1 Always ensure that the slack part of the chain is free
L2 — — M1 M2 and clear of obstruction.
L3 — M1 M2 M3
Dirt and hard grease should not be allowed to gather
L4 M1 M2 M3 M4
in the pockets of the load or hand chain wheels.
NOTE The expected service life is used only as a design
parameter and should not be taken as implying a guaranteed
life.

Chain blocks are designed for lifting loads vertically allowances. Chain blocks should never be used for
and should not be used at an angle without towing. Loads should never be lifted with the point
reference to a competent person nor without due of the hook.

© BSI 03-1999 7
 BS 3243:1990

The load chain should never be run out too far. If any of the following defects are found during
When the bottom hook is run out beyond the in-service inspection, the block should be referred to
extended dimension, an excessive and dangerous a competent person for thorough examination:
load is imposed at the load chain slack end a) wear or damage to the load chain;
anchorage. When the block is rigged, care should be NOTE This may take the form of wear at the bearing
taken to ensure that the load can be landed without surfaces between links and damage in the form of bent links,
running the load chain out beyond the extended nicks, stretching of links or corrosion. Such damage may
dimension (see Figure 1). manifest itself by the load chain jumping or being noisy or not
working smoothly or by undue effort on the hand chain or by
Alterations should never be made to the load chain the presence of marks on the crown of the links.
without reference to the block maker or to a b) opening out of the hooks due to overload or to
competent person. point loading;
Swivel shank hook assemblies should be examined c) damage to the chain anchorages or load chain
and serviced in accordance with the manufacturer’s end stop (where fitted);
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instructions.
d) damage to the hand chain;
If a block has been out of service for some time, the
e) slipping of the brake;
brake should be checked to ensure that it operates
correctly before the block is re-used. f) damage to the frame, covers, etc., of the block
body, chain guides, etc.
It is important to ensure that the suspension point
for a block is strong enough to take the dynamic and BS 6521 provides guidance for proper use and
static loads applied. maintenance of calibrated round steel link lifting
chains.
If a block needs more than ordinary effort to operate
it, then it is likely to be either defective or For further information on safe use, see section 6 of
overloaded. the Lifting Equipment Engineers’ Association “Code
of practice for the safe use of lifting equipment”2).
Most chain blocks have to be subjected to statutory
periodic examination by a competent person. They
Appendix D Torque limiting device
should be inspected frequently and cleaned and
lubricated at recognized intervals and in accordance For certain applications, the purchaser may specify
with the manufacturer’s instructions. a torque limiting device in the drive train adjacent
to the hand chain wheel. This device should be set to
limit the input torque so that the load cannot exceed
the proof load. The manufacturer or supplier should
demonstrate the effectiveness of this device by a
suitable test on request.
NOTE This device should be rendered inoperative during the
proof test. After the test, it should be reinstated.

2) Available from the Lifting Equipment Engineers’ Association, 21–23 Woodgrange Road, London E7 8BA.

8 © BSI 03-1999
 BS 3243:1990

Publications referred to

BS 2853, Specification for the design and testing of steel overhead runway beams3).
e
BS 2903, Specification for higher tensile steelhooks for chains, slings, blocks and general engineering
purposes.
BS 4942, Short link chain for lifting purposes.
BS 4942-1, Specification for general conditions of acceptance.
BS 4942-6, Specification for grade T(8) calibrated chain.
BS 5750, Quality systems3).
BS 6521, Guide for proper use and maintenance of calibrated round steel link lifting chains.
ISO 4301, Lifting appliances — Classification3).
ISO 7597, Forged steel lifting hooks with point and eye for use with steel chains of grade T(8).
ISO 8539, Forged steel lifting components for use with grade T(8) chain Code of practice for the safe use of
lifting equipment4).
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3)
Referred to in the foreword only.
4)
Published by the Lifting Equipment Engineers’ Association and available from Waggoners Court, The Street, Manuden,
Bishop’s Stortford, Hertfordshire CM23 1DW.

© BSI 03-1999
 BS 3243:1990

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international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.

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responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover.
Tel: 020 8996 9000. Fax: 020 8996 7400.

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addressed to Customer Services. Tel: 020 8996 9001. Fax: 020 8996 7001.

In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the

BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards,
unless otherwise requested.

Information on standards

BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and

international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters
Service. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give
details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre.
Tel: 020 8996 7111. Fax: 020 8996 7048.

Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments

and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details
of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration.
Tel: 020 8996 7002. Fax: 020 8996 7001.

Copyright

Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the
UK, of the publications of the internationalstandardization bodies. Except as
permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
means – electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior written
permission from BSI.

This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard,
of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these
details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior
written permission of BSI must be obtained.

If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing

agreement. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager.
BSI Tel: 020 8996 7070.
389 Chiswick High Road
London
W4 4AL