Types of immunity
Presented by-
Jahnabi Silponia
Kumaun University
[Link]. 2nd Sem
Contents
Introduction
Types of immunity
Natural or innate immunity
Types of innate immunity
Acquired or adaptive immunity
Types of Acquired immunity
Mechanism of active immunity
References
Introduction
Immunity is the ability of the body to protect
against all types of foreign bodies like bacteria,
virus, toxic substances etc. which enter the body.
As it protects us from disease it is also called
disease resistance.
Lack of immunity is known as susceptibility.
Immunity is done by immune system which is a
complex network of lymphoid organs such as bone
marrow, thymus, spleen etc.
Types of immunity
Immunity
Innate immunity Acquired immunity
Anatomic Phagocytic Blood Cytokines Passive Active
al barriers barriers proteins immunity immunity
Naturally Artificially
acquired acquired
Naturally Artificially
acquired acquired
Innate Immunity
It is also called natural or native immunity, consist of
mechanisms that exist before infection and are
capable of rapid responses to microbes.
It is comprises four types of defense barriers-
1) Anatomical barriers
2) Phagocytic barriers
3) Blood proteins and
4) Cytokines.
Type Mechanism
1) Anatomical barriers
Skin Mechanical barriers retards entry of
microbes.
Acidic environment (pH 3-5) retards
growth of microbes.
Mucous membrane Mucous entraps foreign microorganism.
2) Physiologic barriers
Temperature Body temperature and fever response
inhibits growth of some pathogens.
Low pH Acidic pH of stomach (pH 2) kills most
ingested microorganism.
3) Phagocytic barriers Ingest and destroys microbes by
(Neutrophils, Macrophages and endocytosis and phagocytosis)
NK cells) Tissue damage and infection induce
4) Inflammatory barriers leakage of vascular fluid, containing serum
protein with antibacterial activity.
Types of innate immunity
It is of three types-
1) Species Immunity
2) Racial Immunity
3) Individual Immunity
Species immunity is the total immunity shown by all
members of a species against pathogen; e.g. birds
immune to tetanus.
Racial immunity is that in which various races show
marked difference in their resistance to certain infectious
disease.
Individual immunity is very specific for each and every
individual despite having same racial background and
opportunity for exposure.
Acquired immunity
Acquired or adaptive immunity is the immunity that is
developed by the host in its body after exposure to suitable
antigen or after transfer of antibodies or lymphocyte from an
immune donor.
Characteristics of Acquired Immunity
1. Antigenic Specificity
2. Diversity
3. Immunologic memory
4. Self/non-self recognition
Types of Acquired Immunity
Acquired Immunity is of two types- active and passive
immunity.
1. Active immunity
It is induced by natural exposure to a pathogen or by
vaccination.
It can be categorized into two types-
Naturally acquired and Artificially acquired active immunity.
2. Passive immunity
Passive immunity is achieve by transfer of immune products,
such as antibody or sensitized T-cells, from an immune
individual to non immune one.
It is of two types- Naturally acquired and Artificially
acquired passive immunity
Mechanism of active immunity
• Body’s immune system provide protection by
synthesizing antibodies or immunoglobulins in
response to an antigen.
• Primary immune response takes place when the
host is attacked by certain microbes for first time. The
antibodies start to generate after certain period as the
binding of an antigen with its particular antibody is
very specific.
• Secondary immune response occurs when an
individual is being attacked by the same antigen
subsequently. It is a rapid process.
• Acquired active immune response takes two distinct
forms- humoral and cell mediated response.
Humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity
Thank you
