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Slide UT Part 4

This document discusses ultrasonic testing sensitivity and defect sizing methods. It describes how sensitivity depends on factors like probes, materials, and signal-to-noise ratio. Methods to set sensitivity include using smallest detectable defects, back wall echoes, and artificial notches. Defect sizing is done using the 6dB drop, maximum amplitude, equalization, and 20dB drop techniques. The 6dB drop method involves moving the probe until the defect echo drops to half its original height. The maximum amplitude method sizes multifaceted defects by finding the position with the peak signal.

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Trung Tinh Ho
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405 views15 pages

Slide UT Part 4

This document discusses ultrasonic testing sensitivity and defect sizing methods. It describes how sensitivity depends on factors like probes, materials, and signal-to-noise ratio. Methods to set sensitivity include using smallest detectable defects, back wall echoes, and artificial notches. Defect sizing is done using the 6dB drop, maximum amplitude, equalization, and 20dB drop techniques. The 6dB drop method involves moving the probe until the defect echo drops to half its original height. The maximum amplitude method sizes multifaceted defects by finding the position with the peak signal.

Uploaded by

Trung Tinh Ho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ultrasonic Testing

Level II

Part 4
Ultrasonic Testing

• Sensitivity
• Defect sizing
• Scanning procedures
Sensitivity

• The ability of an ultrasonic system to find the smallest specified


defect at the maximum testing range

Depends upon
• Probe and flaw detector combination
• Material properties
• Probe frequency
• Signal to noise ratio
Methods of Setting Sensitivity

• Smallest defect at maximum test range


• Back wall echo
• Disc equivalent
• Grass levels
• Notches
• Side Drilled Holes, DAC Curves
Artificial / actual defect

Example: The defect echo is set to


FSH (Full Screen Height)
Sizing Methods
6 dB Drop
• For sizing large planar reflectors only
• Signal / echo reduced to half the height
• Example:
100% to 50%
80% to 40%
70% to 35%
20% to 10%

Centre of probe marked representing the edge of defect.


6 dB Drop
Defect BWE

The back wall echo reduced as some part of the


beam now striking the defect

The echo of the defect has NOT yet maximise as


the whole beam Not yet striking the defect
Plan View
6 dB Drop
Defect

Now the whole beam is on the defect

Back wall echo is now may be reduced or


disappeared

Plan View
6 dB Drop
Defect BWE

The probe is moved back until the echo is


reduced by half of it’s original height

At this point the probe centre beam is directly


on the edge of the defect

Plan View The probe is then removed and the centre is


marked, and repeat to size the whole defect
Sizing Method

• Maximum Amplitude Technique


For sizing multifaceted defect – eg. crack
Not very accurate
Small probe movement
Maximum Amplitude

Multifaceted defect : crack


The whole probe beam is on the on the
defect

At this point, multipoint of the defect reflect


the sound to the probe

The echo (signal) show as a few peaks


Maximum Amplitude

Multifaceted defect : crack


If the probe is moved into the defect,
The probe is moved out of the the signals height increase
defect, the signal disappeared One of the peak maximised

If the edge of the beam strike the At this point the MAIN BEAM is
edge of the defect, a very small directly at the edge of the defect
echo appears
Maximum Amplitude
Remember: The peak which maximised does not
have to be the tallest or the first one

Length

The probe is to be moved to the other end Mark the point under the
of the defect centre of the probe
which indicates the edge
The signals will flactuate as the beam hits the
of the defect
different faces of the defects
The probe is moved back into the defect and The length of the defect is
to observe a peak of the signal maximises measured
Equalization Technique
The equalization technique can ONLY be used if the
defect is halfway the thickness

Defect BWE

At this point the whole beam is on the The BWE is at it maximum


back wall

At this point the whole beam is on The Defect echo is at it


the defect maximum
At the edge of the defect, half of The defect echo is at equal
the beam is on the defect, and height as the back wall
another half is on the back wall
The point is marked as the edge of defect
20 dB Drop

Defect BWE
20 dB Beam profile

10%

When the main beam is on the defect the defect signal is at it maximum

If the probe is moved and the signal is observed until it is reduced to 10%
(20dB Drop), the edge of the beam is on the edge of the defect
Repeat the above at the other side of the defect

Using the pre-constructed Beam profile and a plotting card, the defect
maybe sized

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