Name Afzaal Ahmad
Class BSC Civil Engineering
Registration No
Course Instructor Engr Fahad Ijaz
Subject Construction Material
Date
Topic Types Of Cement & Comperision for properties as wel as cost
Institute Of Southern Punjab Multan
Cement
Cement is a material that used to build very strong, hard surfaces
and structures. Cement is an ingredient in both mortar, which
holds bricks together, and concrete, with which dams and roads
and buildings are constructed.
Cement begins as a powder made of clay and limestone, and after it's mixed with water and,
often, sand, it's used to strengthen and bind things — as the mixture dries, it becomes hard
and solid. A version of cement has been around since the third century BCE, in
Mesopotamia. The word comes from the Latin root cæmenta, "stone chips for making
mortar," from caedere, "to cut or chop."
Types Of Cement
• Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) ...
• Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) ...
• Rapid Hardening Cement. ...
• Extra Rapid Hardening Cement. ...
• Low Heat Cement. ...
• Sulfates Resisting Cement. ...
• Quick Setting Cement. ...
• Blast Furnace Slag Cement
Available Types Of Cement In Pakistan
Repaid Hardening Cement
Low Heat Cement
Sulfur Resiting Cement
White Cement
Portland Pozzolana Cement
Water Proof Portland Cement
Repaid Hardening Cement
Rapid Hardening Portland Cement (RHPC) is a special purpose cementused in concrete
to achieve a higher rate of early strength development, compared to using
Normal Cement. ... A small quantity of gypsum is added to this clinker before grinding to
produce the final, very fine powder –Rapid Hardening Portland Cement.
A process for manufacturing a rapid hardening cementclinker which consists
essentially of mixing mainly an aluminous material, a calcareous material, a
silicious material and a fluoride so as to make 20 - 33 percent by weight of
Al2O3, 7.2 -15.5 percent by weight of SiO2, 52 - 62 percent by weight of CaO
and 1.3 - 2.6 ...RHC develops high early strength. This characteristic is very convenient for
concrete works. Some uses of rapid hardening cement are given below-
Generally, Rapid Hardening Cement containsthe following ingredient proportions.
• 60% Tricalcium silicate (C3S),
• 15% Dicalcium silicate (C2S),
• 10% Tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and.
• 8% Tetracalcium aluminoferrite of the total weight of cement.
Uses Of Repaid Hardening Cement
• For roads, pavements, and highways construction, RHC is used for early
strengthening so roads can be made available for use faster than OPC construction.
• In cold weather countries, RHC is used. As RHC has a high heat emission rate and
develops high early strength, the damage from frost and freezing can be reduced.
• As RHC attains sufficient hardness quickly, formworks can be removed earlier.
Therefore, in concrete construction where formwork needs to be removed promptly,
RHC is used.
• Precast structures like slabs, poles, pillars are produced using RHC for efficient
development works.
• In a construction site where frequent sulfate attacks happen, RHC can be used.
Because RHC is sulfate resistant.
• For repair works of building or road, RHC can be used because of its early
strengthening characteristic.
Setting Time
No special equipment is needed to mix rapid-hardening
hydraulic cement, and it can be put into service in as little as one
hour, which allows contractors to complete work faster. Rapid-
hardening hydraulic cement can obtain the same strength in just six
hours, as the 28-day strength of an equivalent portland cement mix.
Portland Pozzolana Cement
The Portland Pozzolana Cement is a kind of Blended Cement which is produced by
either inter-grinding of OPC clinker along with gypsum and pozzolanic materials in certain
proportions or grinding the OPC clinker, gypsum and Opsonic materials separately and
thoroughly blending them in certain proportions.
Portland cement clinker is a hydraulic material which shall consist of at least two-thirds
by mass of calcium silicates, (3 CaO. SiO2, and 2 CaO. SiO2), the remainder consisting of
aluminium- and iron-containing clinker phases and other compounds. The ratio of CaO to
SiO2 shall not be less than 2.0.
Properties of Portland Pozzolana Cement
• Initial setting time = 30 min (minimum)
• Final setting time = 600 min (maximum).
• At 3 days 13MPa (minimum)
• At 7 days 22 MPa (minimum)
• At 28 days 33 MPa (minimum)
• Drying shrinkage should not be more than 0.15%
• Fineness should not be less than 300 m2/kg.
Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) has following advantages when concrete is in its hardened
state.
• Compressive Strength & Rate of Strength Gain. ...
• Modulus of Elasticity. ...
• Bond of Concrete to Steel. ...
• Heat of Hydration. ...
• Reduced Shrinkage. ...
• Permeability.
Uses of Portland Pozzolana Cement
• Used in hydraulic structures, marine structures, construction near the sea shore, dam
construction etc.
• Used in pre-stressed and post-tensioned concrete members.
• Used in masonry mortars and plastering.
• As it gives better surface finish, it is used in decorative and art structures.
Sulphate Resistant Cement
Sulphate Resisting Cement is a type of Portland Cement in which
the amount of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) is restricted to lower than
5% and (2C 3A +C4AF) lower than 25%, which reduces the formation
ofsulphate salts. The reduction of sulphate salts lowers the
possibility of sulphate attack on the concrete.
Uses
The use of sulphate resisting cement provides excellent protection
against the formation of sulpho-aluminates and consequent resistance
to concrete against sulphate attack. Very high compressive strength
by economic concrete mix design. Very low heat of hydration helps
to avoid shrinkage cracks.
.. Advantages of Sulphate Resisting Cement
Very high compressive strength by economic concretemix design.
Very low heat of hydration helps to avoid shrinkage cracks. Improves
life and durability of structures under aggressive conditions. Improves
corrosionresistance of steel by preventing sulphate attack.
Setting Time
BS 4027 requires a minimum initial setting time of 60 minutes. Initial set for SRPC
typically exceeds 100 minutes. Minimum compressive strengths for standard mortar
prisms of 10MPa at 2 days and 42.5MPa at 28 days are stipulated in BS 4027
for cement class 42.5N, in accordance with particular compliance rules.
Water proof Portland Cement
Waterproof cement is the name given to a portlandcement to which
a water-repellent agent has been added
Low Heat Cement
Low Heat Cement is specially blended to provide a lower heat of hydration in concrete.
This unique attribute makes it ideal for mass concrete pours where the rate of temperature
rise and the maximum temperature achieved must be controlled in order to reduce the risk
of thermal cracking.
