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Tuberculosis Pathophysiology Overview

This document discusses the pathophysiology of tuberculosis and pneumonia. It outlines the modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors, how the infection spreads via inhalation of infected aerosol droplets, and the progression of disease from primary infection to active infection if left untreated. It describes the signs, symptoms, and outcomes of active infection, noting that early medical intervention with antibiotics can prevent disease progression and recurrence, while lack of treatment leads to worsening infection and potentially death.

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Elbert Hermogino ﭢ
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1K views6 pages

Tuberculosis Pathophysiology Overview

This document discusses the pathophysiology of tuberculosis and pneumonia. It outlines the modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors, how the infection spreads via inhalation of infected aerosol droplets, and the progression of disease from primary infection to active infection if left untreated. It describes the signs, symptoms, and outcomes of active infection, noting that early medical intervention with antibiotics can prevent disease progression and recurrence, while lack of treatment leads to worsening infection and potentially death.

Uploaded by

Elbert Hermogino ﭢ
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tuberculosis and Pneumonia Pathophysiology

Potentially Modifiable Unmodifiable

1. Occupation (e.g 1. Age


Health Workers) 2. Immunosuppression
2. Repeated close persons
contact w/ infected -Prolonged corticosteroid
3. Indefinite substance therapy
abuse via IV 3. Systemic Infection:
4. recurrence of infection -Diabetes Mellitus
-End-stage Renal Disease
-HIV or AIDS infection
Exposure or inhalation of
infected
Aerosol through droplet
nuclei
(exposure to infected
clients by coughing,
sneezing, talking)

Tubercle bacilli invasion in


the apices of the
Lungs or near the pleurae
of the lower lobes
Bronchopneumonia
develops in the lung tissue
(Phagocytosed tubercle
bacilli are ingested by
macrophages)
-bacterial cell wall binds with
macrophages
-arrest of a phagosome
which results to bacilli
replication

Necrotic Degeneration
occurs
(production of cavities filled
with cheese-like
mass of tubercle bacilli,
dead WBCs, necrotic lung
tissue)

drainage of necrotic
materials into the
tracheobronchial tree
(eruption of coughing,
formation of lesions)
PRIMARY INFECTION

Lesions may calcify


(Ghon’s Complex)
and form scars and may
heal over a period of time
Tubercle bacilli immunity
develops
(2 to 6 weeks after
infection)
(maintains in the body as
long as living
bacilli remains in the body)

Acquired immunity leads to


further growth
Of bacilli and development
of ACTIVE INFECTION
Pulmonary Symptoms: General Symptoms:
- Dyspnea - Fatigue
- Non-productive or productive - anorexia
cough - Weight loss
- Hemoptysis (blood tinge sputum) - low grade fever with
-Chest pain that may be pleuritic or Signs and Symptoms sweats (often at night)
dull chills and
-Chest tightness
- Crackles may be present on
auscultation
With Medical Intervention Without Medical Intervention

-Early detection/ Acquired immunity leads to


diagnosis of the further growth
dse Of bacilli and development
-Multi-antibacterial of ACTIVE INFECTION
therapy
-Fixed- dose
therapy
-TB DOTS (Direct
Observed Therapy
Reactivation of the tubercle
bacilli
(Due to repeated exposure to
infected Individuals,
Immunosuppression)
No Recurrence
recurrence SECONDARY INFECTION

Good Bad
Prognosis Prognosis
Severe occurrence of
lesions in the lungs

Cavitation in the lungs


occurs
Active infection is spread throughout
the body systems
(infiltration of tubercle bacilli in other
organs)
-TB of the Bones
-Pott’s Disease
-Renal TB

SEVERE OCCURRENCE OF
INFECTION
Client became clinically ill

BAD PROGNOSIS

DEATH

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