Volume 10 No.

2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438
[Link]

Ambiguity In Soundtrack Songs Lyric of Moana Movie

Unpris Yastanti1, Anggun Dwi Setiawati2
1
STIBA Nusa Mandiri
unprisyastanti@[Link]
2
Anggun Dwi Setiawati
anggun.ds354@[Link]

Cara Sitasi: Yastanti, U., & Setiawati, A. D. (2018). Ambiguity In Soundtrack Songs Lyric of Moana Movie.
Wanastra, 10(2), 1–14.

Abstract - The objective of this study is to identify the ambiguity in soundtrack song lyrics of Moana Movie. This
study used descriptive method to analyze data. The research data collected from “We Know The Way” lyrics
and ‘I’m Moana” by soundtrack songs lyric of Moana movie. The result of this study is indicated that : (1) There
are 26 ambiguity, 8 structural ambiguity and 18 lexical ambiguity in “We Know the Way” lyric and in “I’m
Moana” lyrics there are 45 ambiguity, consist of 10 structural ambiguity and 35 lexical ambiguity.. (2) The
meaning of soundtrack songs lyric in Moana movie, “We Know The Way” telling the story of polynesian tribe
which they are a fisherman, also, “I’m Moana” has meaning to describe who is Moana and her spirit when she
almost give up to save her island and her people. The ambiguities in soundtrack song lyric’s Moana movie make
the audiences more interest to this movie; make more variation style in language. It has good combination with
the audio.

Keywords: Ambiguity, Moana Movie, Semantic, Types Of Ambiguity

INTRODUCTION it tells about the girl who fights to save her island
and her people. Moana movie is not only has an
Linguistics is the scientific study of language which interesting visual but also it has an interesting audio,
is distinguish into micro linguistics ( the study because in that movie has a good combination
about the language itself) and macro linguistics (the between the story and the soundtrack song.
study language outside). By those are branches
divide into some part and have the function for their In soundtrack songs lyric of Moana movie, people
selves. can find some ambiguity meaning which want to
deliver to the audience. Thus to make the meaning
Semantics is one of part from micro linguistics to of song lyric is clear, the writer interest to analyze
study of the meaning language, especially in text the ambiguity of song lyric. Through this paper the
language such as phrase, sentence, and the meaning writer’s purpose to analysis this songs to know
from some words. By the semantics, people can about what is the meaning of the uses of ambiguity
understand the meaning of message from the sender in every lines. Therefore writers invite listeners not
to the receiver. only to listening but also to understanding the
meaning, so it will make listeners can feel it. Based
Some of the cases usually happen between the on the previous discussion, the writer wants to
sender and receiver is the ambiguity meaning in the discuss the problem such as: What are the types of
word or sentence. Ambiguity usually could be find ambiguity in soundtrack songs lyric ofMoana
in some poetry, advertisements, song lyrics, and movie? And What is the meaning of ambiguity in
another texts. This case can make soundtrack songs lyric of Moana movie?
miscommunication between the sender and the
receiver.

Song lyric is one of creation from the song writer THEORETICAL REVIEW
which has a deep meaning to be delivered for the
listener. Sometimes in song lyric has a difficult Definition of Linguistics
meaning to understand, because it has an ambiguity
meaning in its structure word or sentence. The purpose from study linguistic is not only about
Commonly, a movie has a soundtrack song; one of study language but also about another theory.
that movie is Moana movie. Moana is a movie made According to Carnie (2002:4) “Linguistic is also a
by Walt Disney Pictures and Walt Disney Animation branch of cognitive science. Cognitive science is a
Studios. This movie released in November 2016, and term for a group of disciplines that have the same

Diterima: 10-07-18 Direvisi: 06-08-18 Disetujui: 07-08-18 1

Ambiguity In Soundtrack Songs Lyric of Moana Movie

goal; defining and analyzing human being’s ability From those are definitions above, the writer has
to think. Some scholars emphasize that ‘the conclusion in the linguistics people need to study of
discipline of linguistics, along with psychology, meaning in the language. This is when people try to
philosophy, and computer science thus forms and deliver a meaning from the sender to the receiver,
important”. It means by study linguistics someone sometimes not only has easy meaning to understand
will be studying either micro linguistic or macro but also has a difficult meaning to understand.
linguistic (psychology, philosophy and computer
“about technology”) when they are analyzing about Kind of Semantics Relation
the language, such as in grammar, structure,
pronounce, meaning and other theory. Linguistics In the study meaning of language (semantics) also
also will have to recognize laws operating have some relations. Lyons (1983:136) said
universally in language, strictly rational manner, “Meaning is ideas or concept, which can be
separating general phenomena from those restrict to transferred from the main of hearer by the
one branch of languages or another. embodying them, as it were, in the form of one
language or another.” From that statement
Moreover, Bauer (2012:3) said “Linguistic is the definitely in semantics have some relations to
word meaning ‘relating to language’ as well as the express idea or concept the speaker meaning in
word meaning ‘relating to linguistic’.” It means their sentences.
linguistic science of language which is not only has
important relation (either micro linguistic or macro According Loreto in his handbook eleventh
linguistic) but also has a meaning in word or impression (2000:79 –86) divide the semantic
language. relations into five, such as :

From theory above the writer conclude linguistics is 1. Polysemy : the same morphological word may
the study of language with purpose to mastery have a range of different meanings as a glance
about the language. Beside that, by study language at any dictionary will reveal. Polysemy,
someone can be mastery micro linguistics and ‘meaning many meanings’, is the name given
macro linguistics which is in the part of that has to the study of his particular phenomenon.
function and relation with each other such as : Example : take a bath and take a bus.
pragmatics, semantics, morphology, syntax, 2. Synonymy: two or more words with very
sociolinguistics, neurolinguistics, psycholinguistics closely related meanings but always partial
and the other. never complete.
Example : tall and high, big and large.
Definition of Semantic 3. Antonymy : this is the general term applied to
the sense relation involving oppositeness of
Semantic is the one of branch from linguistics, meaning for our prupose.
which semantic is the study of meanings of the Example : old and young, male and female.
language. According to Wibowo (2001:3) 4. Hyponymy : related to complementarity and
“Language is a symbols that are meaningful and incompatibility or semantic meaning is more
articulate sound (generated by said tool) that are specific than the other’s.
arbitrary and conventional, which is used as a Example : animal – dog – poodle and flower –
means of communication by a group of men to give rose – tea rose.
birth to feelings and thoughts”. From that statement 5. Idioms : an idiom is a group of words whose
explain language has a meaning either in speaking meaning cannot be explained in terms of the
and writing communication, which will be habitual meanings of the words that make up
representing from the sender to the receiver. the piece of language.
Therefore to reduce miss understanding between Example : a blue moon, as right as rain, and
the sender and receiver its important to study of break a leg.
meaning of the language (semantic) in linguistics.
According to Saeed (1997:63-70) there are a
Added in Sutrisno (2008:1) book “Semantic is the number of different types of semantics relations
study of meaning in language. It is in fact that into seven, such as :
meaning is a part of language, but this definition
has not been clearly delineated and given fair 1. Homonymy : are unrelated sense of the same
treatment in the study of language until very phonological word.
recently.” Which is in language sometimes has a
complex meaning so its make difficult to Example : left (past tense of leave) and left
understanding and need treatment to make clearly (opposite of right)
meaning in the communication.

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2. Polysemy : both deal with multiple senses of

the same phonological word, but polysemy is Definition of Ambiguity
invoked if the senses are judge to be related.
Example : the phone was off the hook ( a In Hurford and Heasley (2004:121) “Ambiguity is a
curved piece of metal, plastic, or wire) and she word or sentence is ambiguous when it has more
had managed to hook a wealthy husband ( to than one sense”. It means to deliver a word or
catch or to get) sentence it can be expressed more than one way,
3. Synonymy : are different phonological words then in the interpretation a meaning can be
which have the same or very similar understand into two or more meaning.
meanings.
Kreidler statement (1998:56) “Ambiguity occurs
Example : benefit and profit, briliant and also because a longer linguistic form has a literal
clever sense and figurative sense”. It means ambiguity has
either literal or figurative sense in the sentence.
4. Antonymy : word which are have opposite in
meaning. The writer conclude to determine an ambiguity in
Example : maximumand minimum, positive the sentence can be referential ambiguity occurs
and negative when an indefinite referring expression may be
5. Hyponymy : is a relation of inclusion. The specific or not and the sentence is unclear because
more general term is called the superordinate personal pronoun (he, she, it and they) can be
or hypernymy. Much of the vocabulary is linked to either of two referring expressions.
linked by such systems of inclusion, and the
resulting semantic network form the Kind of Ambiguity
hierarchical taxonomies mentioned.
Commonly in the ambiguity divide some kinds
Example : colour – red and blue types there are structurally ambiguity and lexical
ambiguity. Hurford and Heasley (2004:128-129)
6. Meronymy : a term used to describe a part- divide the kind of ambiguity such as :
whole relationship between lexical items.
Example : finger – hand and page – book. 1. Structural Ambiguity : A sentence which is
7. Member – collection : this is relationship ambiguous because its words relate to each
between the word for a unit and the usual other in different ways, even though none of
word for a collection of the units. the individual words are ambiguous.
Example : tree and forest For example : The chicken is ready to eat
1) The chicken is ready to be eaten
Hurford and Heasley (2004:102-121) divide 2) The chicken is ready to eat some food
relations semantic into two part of sense relations
(similarity and dissimilarity), such as : 2. Lexical Ambiguity

1. Synonymy : is the relationship between two Lexical Ambiguity depends on homonymy (sense
predicate that have the same sense. not related) and polysemy (sense related). Some
Example : in most dialects of English, sentences which contain ambiguous words are
stubborn and obstinate are synonyms. ambiguous while others are not, and some
2. Hyponymy : is a sense relation between sentences which contain no ambiguous words are
predicates ( or sometimes longer phrases) such ambiguous while others are not. For example:
that the meaning of one predicate (or phrase)
is included in the meaning of the other. 1) Lexical Ambiguity caused Homonymy
Example : the meaning of red is included in a) I will meet you at the bank (riparian)
the meaning of scarlet. b) I will meet you at the bank in fornt of
3. Antonymy: are predicates which is has the receptionist desk (place which is
oppositeness meaning. related with financial)
2) Lexical Ambiguity caused Polysemy
Example : true and false (binary antonymy), a) I will get the foods (find some foods)
parent and child (converses antonymy), hot b) I get it (understanding something)
and cold (gradable antonymy).
From explain above, the writer conclude in the
4. Ambiguity : a word or sentence is ambiguous some sentences can be ambiguity because in the
when it has more than one sense. some words have two or more meaning. The causes
Example : we saw her duck it means we saw of ambiguity can be determine in the structural
her lower her head or we saw the duck ambiguity (structural sentences) and lexical
belonging to her. ambiguity (a word depends on polysemy and
homonymy).

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Ambiguity In Soundtrack Songs Lyric of Moana Movie

In addition to Meyer (2009:115) explained Commonly, lyric is a collection of verses and

“Structural ambiguity: two different meanings choruses which can be finding in poetry and song.
depending upon how the words in the expression The term lyric originates from Greek word “Lyre”,
are grouped.” For example: Marry and Joe or Bill French “Lyrique”, Classical Latin “Lyricus” and
frightened the sheepdog from classical Greek “Lyrikos” which those all
have meaning an instrument used by the Grecians
This is ambiguous sentence caused in the sentence to play when reading a poem. By lyrical, a poets or
has coordinate conjunction “and” and “or”. song writers demonstrate specific moods and
emotions through words, such as moods to express
1) (1) Mary and Joe, (2) or, (3) Bill frightened the a range of emotions about life, love, death, or the
sheepdog. experience of life.
Its mean Mary and Joe frightened the sheepdog
or just Bill frightened the sheepdog. Wijay (2013:17) said “Song lyric is abstract, almost
2) (1) Mary, (2) and, (3) Joe or Bill unintelligible, and, in such cases, their explication
emphasizes form, articulation, meter, and symmetry
Its mean Mary and Joe frightened the sheepdog of expression. Song lyric is the set of words that
or Mary and Bill frightened the sheepdog make up a song, usually consisting of verses and
choruses.” It means the definition of song lyrics is a
From statement above, Meyer clarify the meaning song lyrics are words and different with daily
of structural ambiguity is a structure sentence can language, which the meaning of words are
be causing by the grammatically such as in noun, ambiguity and combine with the music so it will
verb, conjunction, preposition, adverb and interest to listening.
adjective. Therefore usually its make miss
understanding in communication between the Wellek and Warren (1989:14-15) statement “By
sender to the receiver. song lyric’s a message which oral or written has
function to create an imagination for the listener
In the Ullmann (1972:203) book lexical ambiguity and has multiple meaning. And a song as a media to
divide into three definition, there are : communicate about the people life or imaginative”
It means the relation between music and song
1. Global Ambiguity : A full sentences but have
lyric’s has a function to communicate between the
more one meaning. For example :
people which song as a media and in song lyrics has
1) I know more beautiful woman than Mary. a meaning to deliver about the real life or
imaginative.
It has meaning I know more beautiful
woman than the beautiful woman that The writers conclude lyric is expressing direct
MaryorI know more woman who are more personal feelings, of or for singing, words of a song
beautiful than Mary. and lyrical is expressing strong emotion in an
imaginative way. Lyric is a deliver words or
2. Local Ambiguity : A part of sentences and sentences which is composed by rhytm and rhyme
have more one meaning. For example: Flying to expresses the feeling or thought by means of
plane can be dangerous. Flying plane has a lyric and has a meaning to describe about the daily
meaning action of the plane or plane which is of people such as love, life, dead, respect and other
flying. feelings.
3. Referential Ambiguity : An ambiguity its
caused more than one object to be one
sentences. For example: after they finished the
METHOD OF RESEARCH
class, the students and the teachers left. They
its can be means students or teachers or both The writers use descriptive method to analyze
of them. ambiguity in soundtrack songs lyric of Moana
movie. The writers find and get some data, and then
From that statement, the writer conclude lexical
analyze the data and information by searching
ambiguity is not only causes from the polysemy
internet and library research. In this paper, the
and homonymy but also have some classes a word
writers do some procedures. The first step is
which is has relation in the sentences such as :
deciding the right topic, the writer chooses the lyric.
Global ambiguity (the full sentences have more one
The writer takes “Soundtrack songs lyric of Moana
meaning), Local ambiguity (part of sentences have
Movie” to be analyzed. The writers also prepare the
one meaning) and Referential ambiguity (the word
theories to support the analysis. Then the writer
which is has one object).
analyzes the lyric by reaching soundtrack songs
Definition of Lyric lyric of Moana movie for several times and then
identifies the lyric by taking a note for the

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 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

sentences. After that, the writers analyze the lyrics. - [On the ocean breeze] ; the location on the
In this section, the writers find the result of the ocean breeze (flying on the ocean)
statement of the problem.
5. Line 5 = At night we name every star

- [We name every star] ; the stars do not life

DISCUSSION so they do not need name (like people to
calls)
In this chapter the writer analysis of the data based
on the theory by Huford and Heasly to determine 6. Line 6 = We know where we are
the types of ambiguity and the meaning of - Know = have information or be familiar
ambiguity song’s lyric in Moana movie. with
7. Line 7 = We know who we are, who we are
A. Analysis of We Know The Way - Know = have information or be familiar
with
We read the wind and the sky 1 - Who = used to refer or questions
8. Line 8 = Aue, aue We set a course to find
When the sun is high 2
- [We set a courseto find] ; set the way or
We sail the length of the seas 3 set the subject
On the ocean breeze 4 - Set = position, equipment, or arrange
something
At night we name every star 5
- Course = direction or about the classes
We know where we are 6
- Find = to judge something or experience a
We know who we are, who we are 7
feeling something
(Aue, aue) We set a course to find 8
9. Line 9 = A brand new island everywhere we
A brand new island everywere we roam 9 roam

(Aue, aue) We keep our island in our mind 10 - [A brand new islandeverywhere we roam]
; the new name from the island or new
And when it's time to find home 11 know the name of the island

We know the way Aue, aue 12 - Brand = mark something or name of

product
We are explorers reading every sign 13
10. Line 10 = Aue, aue, We keep our island in our
We tell the stories of our elders 14 mind

Here are ambiguity in lyric “We Know The Way” ; - [Wekeep our islandin our mind] ; they
save their island in their mind or take care
1. Line 1 = We read the wind and the sky their island
- [Weread the wind and the sky] ; it is
ambiguos cause the wind and the sky can -
Keep = save something or take care
not to read (just written can be read) soething
- Wind = current of air or breath - Mind = about remembrance or brain
2. Line 2 = When the sun is high 11. Line 11 = And when it's time to find home,
- [The sun is high ] ; the sun is not grow up We know the way
- High = the size of distance or sound - Time = to show about the minutes, days,
3. Line 3 = We sail the length of the seas and years or about the period
- [Sail the length of the seas] ; they sail the - Way = method or route
seas which the size of the sea is length or 12. Line 12 = Aue, aue, We are explorers reading
sail the various of the seas every sign
- Sail = A journey in a boat/ship or a sheet - Sign = give a notice or give a mark
of material fixed to a people on a boat to 13. Line 13 = We tell the stories of our elders
catch the wind and make the boat move
- Length = the size of distance or time - Tell = knowing something or said
4. Line 4 = On the ocean breeze something

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Ambiguity In Soundtrack Songs Lyric of Moana Movie

The analysis types of ambiguity and will explain in table below :

meaning from the song lyric’s We Know The Way
Table 1. Analysis of We Know The way
Types Of Ambiguity
Song’s Meaning of Ambiguity
No Line Structural
Lyric Lexical Ambiguity Song’s Lyric
Ambiguity
[Weread the wind - Wind = current
We read and the sky] ; it is of air or breath
The Polynesian tribe is
the wind ambiguos cause the
1 1 trying to know about
and the wind and the sky can
condition of the weather
sky not to read (just
written can be read)
When the [The sun is high ] ; -High = the size of
2 2 sun is the sun is not grow distance or sound Show the time is morning
high up
Sail = A journey in a
[sail the length of the boat/ship or a sheet of
seas] ; they sail the material fixed to a
We sail
seas which the size of people on a boat to catch The polynesian tribe sail
3 3 the length
the sea is length or the wind and make the the various of the seas
of the seas
sail the various of the boat move
seas - Length = the size of
distance or time
[on the ocean breeze]
On the The polynesian tribe used
; the location on the
4 4 ocean - ocean breeze to sail the
ocean breeze (flying
breeze seas
on the ocean)
[we name every star]
At night ; the stars do not life The polynesian tribe give
5 5 we name so they do not need - the sign when they are sail
every star name (like people to on the seas
calls)
We know - Know = have
The polynesian tribe know
6 6 where we - information or be
the location where they are
are familiar with
- Know = have
We know
information or be
who we The polynesian know if
7 7 - familiar with
are, who they are is a fisherman
- Who = used to refer or
we are
questions
- Set = position,
equipment, or arrange
Aue, aue something
We set a [set a course] ; set the -Course = direction or The polynesian tribe set the
8 8
course to way or set the subject about the classes way to find something
find - Find = to judge
something or experience
a feeling something
[a brand new island -Brand = mark
A brand everywhere we roam] something or name of The polynesian tribe find
new island ; the new name from product some new islands or new
9 9
everywher the island or new locations when they are
e we roam know the name of the roam
island
Aue, aue [we keep our island -Keep = save something
We keep in our mind] ; they or take care soething The polynesian tribe
10 10 our island save their island in -Mind = about always remember their
in our their mind or take remembrance or brain island (polynesian)
mind care their island

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And when - Time = to show about The polynesian tribe is

it's time to the minutes, days, and come back to their island
11 11 find home - years or about the period (polynesian island),and
We know - Way = method or route they know the way back to
the way their island
Aue, aue - Sign = give a notice or
We are give a mark They learn something new
12 12 explorers - about the sail after they
reading have sail
every sign
We tell - Tell = knowing
The polynesian tribe tell
the stories something or said
13 13 - about the stories of their
of our something
elders (a fisherman)
elders

In song lyric’s We know the way the writer finds 26

ambiguity which it has 8 structural ambiguity and Who found their way across the world 21
18 lexical ambiguity.
They call me 22
B. Analysis of I’m Moana
I’ve delivered us to where we are 23
I know a girl from an island 1
I have journeyed father 24
She stands apart from the crowd 2
I am everything i’ve learned and more 25
She loves the sea and her people 3
Still it calls me 26
She makes her whole family proud 4
And the call isn’t out there at all 27
Sometimes the worls seems against you 5
It’s inside me 28
The jounery may leave a scar 6
It’s like the tide 29
But scars can heal and reveal just 7
Always falling and rising 30
Where you are 8
I will carry you here in my heart 31
The people you love will change you 9
You’ll remind me 32
The things you have learned will guide you 10
That come what may 33
And nothing on earth can silence 11
I know the way 34
The quite voice still inside you 12
I am Moana 35
And when that voice starts to whisper 13
Here are ambiguity in lyric “I’m Moana” ;
“Moana, you’ve come so far” 14
1. Line 1 = I know a girl from an island
Moana listen, do you know who you are? 15 - [I know a girl from an island] : she had known
the girl well or she new know the girl
Who am i? 16 - I = alphabet or pronoun

I am a girl who loves my island 17 - Know = have information or befamiliar with

And the girl who loves the sea, it calls me 18 - A = letter, music or not particular
- From = place, time, distance or position
I am the daughter of the village chief 19
2. Line 2 = She stands apart from the crowd
We are descended from voyagers 20
- From = place, time, distance or position

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Ambiguity In Soundtrack Songs Lyric of Moana Movie

3. Line 3 = She loves the sea and her people 13. Line 16 = Who am i?

- [She loves the sea and her people] : she loves - Who = used to refer or questions
the sea and all people or she and people loves
the sea 14. Line 17 = I am a girl who loves my island

4. Line 4 = She makes her whole family proud - I = alphabet or pronoun

- Family : social group or biological group - A = letter, music or not particular

- Proud : satisfied, respecting yourself or - Who = used to refer or questions

feeling important
15. Line 18 = And the girl who loves the sea, it
5. Line 6 = The jounery may leave a scar calls me

- Leave : go away, not take, or pemission - Who = used to refer or questions

- A = letter, music or not particular 16. Line 19 = I am the daughter of the village chief

6. Line 7 = But scars can heal and reveal just - I = alphabet or pronoun

- Can = permission, ability, prison, toilet, offer, 17. Line 20 = We are descended from voyagers
container or request
- From = place, time, distance or position
- Just = exacly, almost, very, only or now
18. Line 21 = Who found their way across the
7. Line 9 = The people you love will change you world

- [The people you love will change you] : some - [Who found their way across the world] : the
people which she love will change you or world too big to across

- Change = become different or money - Who = used to refer or questions

8. Line 10 = The things you have learned will guide 19. Line 23 = I’ve delivered us to where we are
you
- I = alphabet or pronoun
- [The things you have learned will guide you] :
the things she have or something she have will - To = infinitive, showing direction or causing
guide.
20. Line 24 = I have journeyed father
9. Line 11 = And nothing on earth can silence
- [I have journeyed father] : she have the
- [And nothing on earth can silence] : an earth journeyed her father or she have done to do her
can not silence father journeyed.

- Can = permission, ability, prison, toilet, offer, - I = alphabet or pronoun

container or request
21. Line 25 = I am everything i’ve learned and
10. Line 12 = The quite voice still inside you more

- [The quite voice still inside you] : the voice - [I am everything i’ve learned and more] : she
produce just by sound has learning more eveything or she learning
something and doing other something
11. Line 13 = And when that voice starts to whisper
- I = alphabet or pronoun
- To = infinitive, showing direction or causing
22. Line 27 = And the call isn’t out there at all
12. Line 15 = Moana listen, do you know who you
are? - [And the call isn’t out there at all] : the calls
are never out from all there or all the call never
- Know = have information or befamiliar with out from there

- Who = used to refer or questions 23. Line 29 = It’s like the tide

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- Like = prepotion, conjuction or such - I = alphabet or pronoun

as/similar to
- Know = have information or be familiar with
24. Line 31 = I will carry you here in my heart
26. Line 35 = I am Moana
- [I will carry you here in my heart] : the heart
can not to save people - I = alphabet or pronoun

- I = alphabet or pronoun The analysis types of ambiguity and meaning from

the song lyric’s I’m Moana will explain in table
- In = inside, result, part, or during below

25. Line 34 = I know the way

Tabel 2. Analysis of I’m Moana

Types Of Ambiguity
Lin Meaning of Ambiguity
No Song’s Lyric Structural
e Lexical Ambiguity Song’s Lyric
Ambiguity
- I = alphabet or pronoun
- Know = have
[I know a girl from information or
Grandma moana said she
an island] : she had befamiliar with
I know a girl from know the girl from
1 1 known the girl well -A = letter, music or not
an island polynesian island, it means
or she new know particular
moana
the girl - From = place, time,
distance or position

- From = place, time,

She stands apart distance or position The girl (moana) go away
2 2 -
from the crowd from her island
[She loves the sea
and her people] :
The girl (Moana) loves to
She loves the sea she loves the sea
3 3 - do sailing and people in
and her people and all people or
polynesian island
she and people
loves the sea
- Family : social group
or biological group The girl (Moana) always
She makes her
4 4 - - Proud : satisfied, make her family proud
whole family proud
respecting yourself or with all her ability
feeling important
Sometimes the
Eventhough sometimes
5 5 world seems - -
the world does not support
against you
- Leave : go away, not
take, or pemission
The jounery may Every jounery always give
6 6 - - A = letter, music or not
leave a scar experience
particular

- Can = permission,
ability, prison, toilet,
But scars can heal offer, container or And from that experience,
7 7 -
and reveal just request we should never give up
- Just = exacly, almost,
very, only or now

8 8 Where you are - - Where she now?

9
Ambiguity In Soundtrack Songs Lyric of Moana Movie

[The people you - Change = become

The people you love will change different or money
love will change you The polynesian people will
9 9
you ] : some people make she (moana) change
which she love will
change you or
[The things you
have learned will
The things you
guide you] : the Every experience will
10 10 have learned will -
things she have or showing the way
guide you
something she have
will guide
- Can = permission,
[And nothing on
ability, prison, toilet,
And nothing on earth can silence] : And the world will give the
11 11 offer, container or
earth can silence an earth can not support
request
silence

[The quite voice

The quite voice still inside you] : And all of you (moana)
12 12 -
still inside you the voice produce want always in your heart
just by sound
- To = infinitive,
And when that showing direction or
When nature look like
13 13 voice starts to - causing
want to say something
whisper

“Moana, you’ve
14 14 - - Moana was had a long trip
come so far”
- Know = have
Moana listen, do information or
And grandma ask who is
15 15 you know who you - befamiliar with
moana?
are? - Who = used to refer or
questions
- Who = used to refer or Moana ask with herself
16 16 Who am i? - questions who is she?
- I = alphabet or pronoun
I am a girl who - A = letter, music or not Moana is the girl whom
17 17 loves my island - particular loves her island
- Who = used to refer or (polynesian)
questions
- Who = used to refer or
And the girl who
questions And loves to do sailing in
loves the sea, it
18 18 - the sea, which always
calls me
make her loves it

- I = alphabet or pronoun
I am the daughter Moana is the daughter of
19 19 -
of the village chief the village chief
- From = place, time,
We are descended We (polynesian people) are
20 20 - distance or position
from voyagers descent from voyagers
- Who = used to refer or
[Who found their
Who found their questions Which is the polynesian
way across the
21 21 way across the people always to do sailing
world] : the world
world in the sea
too big to across

10 Unpris Yastanti, Anggun Dwi Setiawan

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

And all of them make

22 22 They call me - - moana make want to do
her tradition again (sailing)
- I = alphabet or pronoun
- To = infinitive,
I’ve delivered us to She want make her
23 23 - showing direction or
where we are tradition happening again
causing

[I have journeyed - I = alphabet or pronoun

father] : she have
I have journeyed the journeyed her Because she is the daughter
24 24
father father or she have of fisherman
done to do her
father journeyed
[I am everything - I = alphabet or pronoun
i’ve learned and
more ] : she has
I am everything
learning more
25 25 i’ve learned and She had learned everything
eveything or she
more
learning something
and doing other
something
But she still want to do
26 26 Still it calls me - -
sailing
[And the call isn’t
out there at all] :
And the call isn’t the calls are never
27 27 - And the call always calling
out there at all out from all there
or all the call never
out from there
28 28 It’s inside me - - Because that in her heart
- Like = prepotion,
29 29 It’s like the tide - conjuction or such And all of them like tide
as/similar to
Which sometimes moana
Always falling and
30 30 - - afraid and not afraid to do
rising
sailing
- I = alphabet or
[I will carry you
I will carry you pronoun
here in my heart] : And moana always keep
31 31 here in my heart - In = inside, result,
the heart can not to her ambition in her heart
part, or during
save people

You’ll remind me Sailing in the sea always

32 32 - -
remind her tradition
That come what
33 33 may - - Which never end

- I = alphabet or
pronoun
I know the way
34 34 - - Know = have Moana know the way
information or be
familiar with
I am Moana - I = alphabet or pronoun
35 35 - Because she is moana

11
Ambiguity In Soundtrack Songs Lyric of Moana Movie

In song lyric’s I’m Moana the writer finds 45 Sutrisno, D Wagiman.(2008). Semantics : An
ambiguities which it has 10 structural ambiguities Introduction to The Basic Concepts.
and 35 lexical ambiguities. Yogyakarta : Andi Yogyakarta.

Ullman, Stephen. (1972). Semantics : An

Introduction to The Science of Meaning.
CONCLUSION Oxford : Basil Blackwell.
In the first song “We Know The Way” lyrics there Van, Jan Luxemburg. (1989). An Introduction
are 26 ambiguity which it has 8 structural Literature. Jakarta : Gramedia.
ambiguity and 18 lexical ambiguity and in “I’m
Moana” lyrics there are contain 45 ambiguity which Wibowo, Revelation. 2001. Language
it has 10 structural ambiguity and 35 lexical Management. New York : Scolastic.
ambiguity. The meaning of soundtrack song lyric’s
average made fit with the scene in Moana movie. It Wellek, Rene and Austin Warren. (1989). Theory of
used to deliver meaning or message in the story Literature. Harcourt : Brace &Company.
such as : “We Know The Way” telling the story of
polynesian tribe which they are a fisherman, also, Yule, George. (2008). The Study of Language. UK :
“I’m Moana” has meaning to describe who is Cambridge University Press
Moana and her spirit when she almost give up to
save her island and her people. The ambiguity in
soundtrack song lyric’s Moana movie has function
PROFIL PENULIS
to interest the audience, more variation style in
language, and has good combination with the audio. Unpris Yastanti, [Link] lahir di Tuban Jawa Timur.
Bergabung dengan STIBA Nusa Mandiri sejak
BIBLIOGRAPHY
2012. Telah mendapatkan gelar Magister
Bauer, Laurie. (2007). The Linguistics Student’s Pendidikan di Universitas Indraprasta PGRI dengan
Handbook. Endinbrugh : Endinbrugh Press program studi pendidikan bahasa Inggris dan saat
Ltd. ini sedang melanjutkan studi S3 di Universitas
Negeri Jakarta. Beberapa artikel yang telah
Bauer, Laurie. (2012). Beginning Linguistics. diterbitkan juga diseminarkan diantaranya:
United Kingdom : Plagrave Macmillan. Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran terhadap
kememapuan Menyimak Bahasa Inggris, Pengaruh
Carnie, Andrew. (2002). Syntax – A Generative Tata Bahasa terhadap Kemampuan Menyimak
Introduction. Oxford : Blackwell Published. Bahasa Inggris, Campur Kode Pada Pidato Presiden
Sby Dalam Perayaan Hut Ke-69 Republik
Davies, Alan. (2007). An Introduction To Applied Indonesia, Imagery In Song Lyrics Of Alicia Keys,
Linguistics : From Practice To Theory. Schizophrenia Of Main Character In Beautiful
Endinbrugh : University Press. Mind Movie Directed By Ron Howard, Kajian
Feminisme Dalam Film Made In Dagenham Karya
Hurford, James R and Brendan Heasley. (2004). Nigel Cole, The Readability Translation In
Semantics : A Course book. London : Bilingual Children's Story Book "Aku Anak
Cambridge University. Muslim", Affixes In Song Lyrics Of Adele, dan
beberapa artikel yang sedang direview untuk
Kreidler, Charles W. (1998). Introduction English diterbitkan. HP 085693117286, NIDN 0411098603
Linguistic. New York : Routledge. dan email: unprisyastanti@[Link]
Loreto, Todd. (2000). An Introduction to
Linguistics. London : Logman York Press.

Lyons, John. (1983). Semantics 2. New York :

Cambridge University.

Meyer, C.F. (2009). Introducting English

Linguistics. Cambridge : Cambridge
University Press.

Saeed, John I. (1997). Semantics. Malden, Massa

Chusetts : Blackwell Publisher Inc.

12 Unpris Yastanti, Anggun Dwi Setiawan

Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438
[Link]

Kesalahan Penulisan Kata Bahasa Indonesia Pada Kain Rentang dan

Papan Iklan di Tempat Umum
Muji Endah Palupi

Akademi Bahasa Asing BSI Jakarta

[Link]@[Link]

Cara Sitasi:
Palupi, M. E. (2018). Kesalahan Penulisan Kata Bahasa Indonesia Pada Kain Rentang dan Papan Iklan di
Tempat Umum. Wanastra, 10(2), 13–20.

Abstract :Error writing is the crucial thing that found in the public places, especially on the banner and
billboard. Sometimes, it has been written wrongly. It is known that Indonesian has a rich peculiar language that
must be explored. People around it view the ad or advertisement; they will assess the ad internally and
externally. It will be seen the professionalism of the ad maker. Badan Bahasa (Language Board) of Kemdikbud
RI, has launched the print book of PUEBI on its website freely, it depends on the ad maker to revise the
Indonesian using on the ad correctly and esthetically. The objective this research is to investigate the error
writing of ad and its professionalism abuse on the banner and billboard at the public places. This research is
using a descriptive method; the writer is to investigate and to analyze the error writing in Indonesian of ad on
the banner and billboard. The output of this research is expected to be a reference to the next researcher that
wants to explore error-writing research of ad or another peculiar object.

Keywords: Error Writing, Ad, Indonesian, Banner And Billboard

PENDAHULUAN Berbicara media pajang, dalam hal ini poster,

spanduk, dan papan, sering kita temui di tempat
Saat ini banyak produsen atau pemilik usaha ingin umum. Seperti halnya jalan raya, kampus, pasar,
memasarkan produk atau jasa mereka lewat berbagai ruko dan tempat umum lainnya. Isi dari iklan media
media. Bisa lewat media cetak, elektronik, atau tersebut, penyedia semaksimal mungkin memuat isi
yang saat ini lewat media sosial. Sebut saja satu yang persuafif, mudah di mengerti, dan pastinya
nama makanan cepat saji asal Amerika yang telah terjangkau. Permainan kata yang ciptakan oleh
mendunia, Mcdonald produknya dapat ditemukan di copywriter (penulis konten iklan) harus sempurna,
setiap negara. Dari anak kecil sampai orang dewasa tidak ada keterpaksaan, dan cukup berterima.
menyukai makanan cepat saji tersebut. Di sisi lain Diperlukan kreativitas dan profesionalitas tinggi
terdapat pula, penyedia layanan telekomunikasi untuk menciptakan konten yang bermutu pada iklan
(provider) yang sangat gencar memasarkan produk tersebut, agar tidak dijadikan bahan rundungan jika
unggulannya untuk menarik konsumen. Seperti iklan terpasang.
biasanya, mereka mencari media efektif agar dapat
terlihat dan terpantau orang. Berbicara konten atau isi iklan pasti menggunakan
bahasa, baik asing atau pun Indonesia. Penulis yang
Media efektif yang dimaksud adalah media yang bijak tentu saja memperhatikan diksi pada iklan
dapat dijangkau penglihatan orang, sehingga mereka tersebut. Diksi bahasa Indonesia disesuaikan dengan
segera mengetahui produk yang akan dipasarkan pembaca sebagai sasaran. Dari kasus di lapangan,
penyedia tersebut. Media elektronik memang cukup banyak terjadi kesalahan penulisan kata mau pun isi
sangat efektif untuk mereka memasarkan produk, iklan. terutama serapan bahasa asing, dalam hal ini
tapi kita semua tahu bahwa setiap orang pasti sibuk Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. Begitu pula bahasa
dengan kegiatannya masing-masing. tentunya Indonesia, sebagai bahasa persatuan bangsa
mereka tidak selalu mendengarkan radio, atau Indonesia yang dirakit oleh pemuda dari berbagai
menonton televisi. Media dalam kamus besar bahasa belahan bumi pertiwi sembilan puluh tahun yang
Indonesia edisi ke lima, yaitu alat (sarana) lalu. Semestinya kesalahan tersebut dapat dihindari
komunikasi seperti koran, majalah, radio, televisi, atau terdeteksi sedari dini. Iklan yang dipajang, pasti
film, poster, dan spanduk. Jelas bahwa media memiliki kepala atau judul iklan dengan berbagai
tersebut terbagi menjadi cetak, elektronik, dan latar belakang.
pajang.
Kesalahan penulisan tersebut sebenarnya dapat
diminimalisir dengan pengetahuan bahasa yang

Diterima:26-06-18 Direvisi: 13-08-18 Disetujui: 13-08-18 13

Kesalahan Penulisan Kata Bahasa Indonesia Pada Kain Rentang dan Papan Iklan di Tempat Umum

cukup baik. Penulisan kata bahasa Indonesia yang yang terpajang di kain rentang dan papan iklan di
salah, dapat menimbulkan multi tafsir oleh tempat umum. Di sana banyak terjadi praktik
pembacanya, bahkan bias dicemooh, apakah penulis kesalahan dalam pemakaian bahasa Indonesia.
atau pembuat iklan tersebut professional atau tidak. Kesalahan penulisan tersebut perlu dibenahi, agar
Iklan yang baik yaitu menggunakan bahasa yang tidak terjadi fosilisasi kesalahan yang mengakar
lugas, bersifat sugestif, bias juga disertai gambar, hingga berlarut-larut.
serta tidak menyinggung iklan lain.
Maka dari itu, penulis fokus pada kesalahan
Terkadang pembuat iklan tidak mempedulikan judul penulisan kata bahasa Indonesia. Sehingga
iklan tersebut. Padahal itu penting bagi pembaca didapatkan jawaban terjadinya kesalahan demi
iklan yang melihat. Contoh kesalahan penulisan kata kesalahan penulisan kata bahasa Indonesia, dan bias
pada iklan di jalan tertulis “Terima Juwal Beli dikatakan kemunduran berbahasa Indonesia. Berikut
Barang Rongsok”. Dalam judul iklan tersebut pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini:
tedapat kata “juwal” dan “rongsok”, kedua kata
tersebut sudah menyalahi tulisan bahasa Indonesia 1. Kesalahan penulisan kata apa saja yang biasa
yang baik dan benar. Kata “juwal” semetinya ditulis ditemukan di tempat umum?
“jual” tanpa penambahan huruf “w”, dan kata
“rongsok” semestinya ditulis “rongsokan”, karena 2. Apa yang menyebabkan terjadinya kesalahan
rongsok termasuk adjektiva atau kata sifat, dan penulisan kata di tempat umum?
rongsokan adalah termasuk ke dalam nomina atau
kata benda. Di jalan, terkadang juga kita temukan
kata resapan asing salah, seperti kata “photocopy”.
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
Kata ini terkadang sering ditulis “potocopy”,
“fotocopy”, atau “photokopi”. Menurut KBBI V
Penelitian ini telah lama dilakukan, tetapi penulis
(Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia versi kelima,
ingin menambahkan sesuatu yang unik dari
tulisan yang benar adalah “fotokopi”, hasil resapan
penelitian sebelumnya, dengan menghadirkan
bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia.
beberapa sumber:
Antara iklan dan bahasa yang dipakai untuk mengisi
kontennya, harus ditulis dengan efektif, tidak ada 2.1. Pengertian Kata dalam Bahasa Indonesia
kata eksegerasi atau kata-kata yang berlebihan.
Kata merupakan unit bahasa yang mengandung arti
Bahasa Indonesia sejatinya memiliki khazanah
dan terdiri dari satu atau lebih morfem. Umumnya
perbendaharaan kata yang cukup kaya. Ditambah
terdiri dari akar kata tanpa atau dengan beberapa
lagi dengan serapan-serapan bahasa asing, daerah,
afiks. Kata dikombinasikan untuk membentuk frase,
melayu, dan sansekerta. Dahulu Indonesia pernah
klausa, atau kalimat. Dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa
dijajah Belanda, tidak dapat dipungkiri banyak
Indonesia (KBBI) edisi kelima, disebutkan bahwa
sejarah yang ditinggalkan termasuk dari bahasa.
kata merupakan:
Bahasa Inggris juga memainkan peranan penting
atas perkembangan bahasa Indonesia. Serta bahasa- 1. 1. Unsur bahasa yang diucapkan atau dituliskan
bahasa lain yang juga mempengaruhi bahasa yang merupakan perwujudan kesatuan perasaan
Indonesia. dan pikiran yang dapat digunakan dalam
berbahasa
Bahasa Indonesia memiliki peranan penting atas
perkembangan bahasa di dunia. Saat ini bahasa 2. 2. Ujar; bicara
Indonesia menjadi kurikulum yang dipelajari di
benua lain. Contoh di Australia, bahasa Indonesia 3. 3. Morfem atau kombinasi morfem yang oleh
masuk ke dalam kurikulum yang di pelajari di bahasawan dianggap sebagai satuan terkecil yang
negara itu. Sehingga bangsa Indonesia perlu bangga, dapat diujarkan sebagai bentuk yang bebas
karena bahasanya dipelajari di benua lain. Berbeda
dengan negara tetangga, bahasa Inggris menjadi 4. 4. Satuan bahasa yang dapat berdiri sendiri, terjadi
bahasa resmi kedua. Bahasa Melayu yang mereka dari morfem tunggal (misalnya batu, rumah,
gunakan sangat berbeda dengan bahasa Indonesia. datang) atau gabungan morfem (misalnya
Jadi bangsa Indonesia patut berbangga, karena pejuang, pancasila, mahakuasa)
bahasa Indonesia mempunyai integritas di negara
lain. Berdasarkan bentuk, dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam
empat kata: kata dasar, kata turunan, kata ulang, dan
Terpadunya antara bahasa Indonesia yang sering kata majemuk. Kata dasar adalah kata yang menjadi
dipakai dalam iklan. Penulis tertarik untuk dasar bagi pembentukan sebuah kata turunan atau
membahasnya di dalam penelitian ini. Di mana, kata-kata berimbuhan. Mengubah derivatif kata
penulis menemuka satu hal yang ganjil pada iklan karena membubuhkan atau imbuhan baik di awal

14 Muji Endah Palupi

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

(prefix atau awalan), tengah (infiks atau sisipan), 2.2. Definisi Iklan dalam Media
atau akhir (akhiran atau sufiks) kata-kata.
Kata adalah dasar dari kata atau atas dasar Iklan adalah segala bentuk presentasi non-pribadi
pengalaman perulangan bentuk semua atau bagian dan promosi gagasan, barang atau jasa oleh sponsor
dari senyawa sementara adalah kombinasi dari tertentu yang harus dibayar (Kotler (2005:277).
beberapa kata-kata dasar yang berbeda untuk Selain itu, bahwa iklan merupakan salah satu bentuk
membentuk makna baru. Dalam tata bahasa promosi yang paling banyak digunakan perusahaan
Indonesia standar, dalam kelas kata dibagi menjadi dalam mempromosikan produknya (Tjiptono,
tujuh kategori, yaitu: 2008:225). Dan iklan adalah segala bentuk penyajian
informasi dan promosi secara tidak langsung yang
1. Kata benda (noun) ; nama-nama orang, tempat, dilakukan oleh sponsor untuk menawarkan ide,
atau semua benda dan semua dibendakan, seperti barang atau jasa (Machfoedz, 2010:139).
buku, kuda.
Dari pengertian di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan
2. Kata kerja (verb) ; kata yang menunjukkan bahwa iklan merupakan suatu bentuk komunikasi
tindakan atau rasa dinamis, misalnya baca, lari: baik lewat media massa, TV, radio, surat kabar,
Verba transitif (membunuh), Kerja kerja majalah dan sebagainya yang bertujuan untuk
intransitif (almarhum), Pelengkap (menikah) mempengaruhi konsumen untuk bertindak terhadap
produk dan jasa yang di tawarkan. Pada dasarnya
3. Kata sifat (adjective) ; sebuah kata yang iklan merupakan sarana komunikasi yang digunakan
menggambarkan kata benda, misalnya keras, komunikator dalam hal ini perusahaan atau produsen
cepat. untuk menyampaikan informasi tentang barang atau
jasa kepada publik, khususnya pelanggannya melalui
4. Kata keterangan (adverbia) ; kata-kata yang
suatu media massa. Selain itu, semua iklan dibuat
bersaksi kata tersebut tidak kata benda, seperti
dengan tujuan yang sama yaitu untuk memberi
sekarang, agak.
informasi dan membujuk para konsumen untuk
5. .Kata ganti (posesitive) ; kata pengganti kata mencoba atau mengikuti apa yang ada di iklan
benda, misalnya ia, itu: Yang pertama (kami), tersebut, dapat berupa aktivitas mengkonsumsi
Orang kedua (Anda), Orang ketiga (mereka), produk dan jasa yang ditawarkan.
Kata ganti posesif (itu), Kata ganti penunjuk (ini,
itu)
PEMBAHASAN
6. Jumlah kata (numeral) ; mengatakan bahwa
jumlah menyatakan benda atau hal-hal atau Pada penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode
menunjukkan pesanan mereka berturut-turut, deskriptif kualitatif. Obyek penelitian ini yaitu kain
misalnya, satu, dua : Angka kardinal (dua rentang (spanduk) dan papan iklan di tempat umum.
belas),Nomor seri (dua belas) vf Selain itu, penulis juga mencari rujukan lain untuk
mendukung penelitian ini, seperti riset perpustakaan
7. Mengatakan tugas di luar kata-kata baik alih dan mencari data berselancar di dunia maya. Berikut
peran berdasarkan dapat dibagi menjadi lima sub pembahasan dalam penelitian ini:
kelompok : prepocition (kata depan) (contoh:
dari), conjunction (hubungannya) – 1. Kesalahan Penulisan Kata yang Biasa
coordinationi conjunction (dan), konjungsi Ditemukan di Tempat Umum
bawahan (karena), artikula (kata sandang)
Kesalahan penulisan kata bias saja terjadi kapan
(contoh: si) – Umum dalam bahasa Eropa
pun, disadari atau tidak, itu memang benar-benar
(seperti), menangis (menangis) (contoh: wow,
terjadi di tempat umum. Berikut kesalahan penulisan
wow), dan partikel.
kata yang biasa ditemukan di tempat umum:
Dengan memahami kata dalam bahasa Indonesia
a. Penulisan Kata Baku dan Tidak Baku dalam
sepenuhnya. Maka orang akan memiliki pedoman
Bahasa Indonesia
yang jelas dalam membuat suatu karya tulis, baik
utuk keperluan akademik ataupun non-akademik. Berikut penulisan kata baku dan tidak baku dalam
Terlebih lagi Badan Bahasa Kemdikbud RI juga bahasa Indonesia yang biasa ditemukan di tempat
telah memberikan akses secara percuma kepada umum:
masyarakat untuk mengunduh PUEBI versi cetak
berformat PDF, dan seharusnya itu dimanfaatkan
sebaik-baiknya.

15
Kesalahan Penulisan Kata Bahasa Indonesia Pada Kain Rentang dan Papan Iklan di Tempat Umum

Tabel 2. Kata Tidak Baku dan Baku

Tidak Baku Baku

Praktek dokter Praktik

Setiap Hari Senen dan Senin

Jum’at
Jumat

Gambar 1. Kata Tidak Baku

Pemakaian kata “praktek, Senen, dan Jum’at”
merupakan kata tidak baku dari kata “praktik, Senin,
dan Jumat”. Sebagaimana yang dimuat dalam buku
Tabel 1. Kata Tidak Baku dan Baku
PUEBI, bahwa kata-kata tersebut mesti ditulis baku.
Sebab dengan penulisan kata-kata yang benar,
Tidak Baku Baku niscaya pasien yang akan datang ke praktik dokter
akan semakin percaya, bahwa dokter itu tidak hanya
Pijet urat, pengobatan Pijat mahir dalam medis, tetapi juga mahir dalam
alternatif berbahasa.

Hal itu merupakan kelebihan bagi dokter itu, karena

seperti yang telah dipaparkan sebelumnya, bahwa
Pada penulisan ini, kata “pijet” merupakan kata bahasa Indonesia sebenarnya mudah dipelajari,
tidak baku dari kata “pijat”. Dalam iklan tersebut sebab ini adalah bahasa resmi bangsa Indonesia,
mestinya ditulis “Terima Pelayanan Pijat dan Praktik tetapi semua itu berpulang kepada si empunya
Pengobatan Alternatif”. Dengan perbaikan dan
urusan yang mengiklankan jasanya untuk orang lain.
penambahan kata tersebut, pelanggan yang datang
Jasa yang ditawarkan semestinya sesuai yang tertulis
dapat lebih percaya dengan pelayanan yang
di papan iklan, kepercayaan konsumen menjadi titik
diberikan. awal majunya suatu usaha yang dilakukan oleh
Ketidak-bakuan pada kata di atas menunjukkan pembuat iklan.
bahwa pembuat iklan tersebut tidak paham betul
dengan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan
benar. Papan iklan ini banyak ditemukan di jalan
umum, banyak orang yang tidak peduli akan hal ini,
tetapi untuk pemerhati bahasa ini merupakan hal
yang memperihatinkan. Semoga saja pembuat papan
iklan tersebut segera membetulkannya.

Gambar 3. Kata Tidak Baku

Tabel 3. Kata Tidak Baku dan Baku

Tidak Baku Baku

Menerima refarasi Reparasi

anyam rotan felitur
Gambar 2. Kata Tidak Baku Pelitur

16 Muji Endah Palupi

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

Dari tabel di atas, terlihat kata “refarasi, dan felitur” keterangan tempat, jadi harus terpisah dari preposisi,
merupakan kata tidak baku dari kata “reparasi, dan dan tidak terlihat sebagai verba yang dipasifkan.
pelitur”. Dapat dipastikan pembuat iklan jasa
tersebut berasal dari daerah Jawa Barat. Di mana, Terkadang fungsi aktif dan pasif bisa saja tertukar
huruf “p” diucap “f” dan huruf “f” dibaca “p”. dalam pemakaiannya. Dalam konteks kalimat aktif,
Lantas, mestinya papan iklan tersebut merujuk subyek berperan aktif karena terdapat predikat,
pemakaian kata yang baik dan benar, sebagaimana sedangkan dalam konteks kalimat pasif, subyek
yang terdapat dalam KBBI edisi terbaru serta PUEBI menjadi pelaku atas yang telah diperbuat. Perlu
sebagai pedoman berbahasa Indonesia. kecermatan dalam menempatkan fungsi kalimat
tersebut. Serta, perlu diperhatikan pula di mana
Dalam kultur bahasa daerah, tepatnya dalam bahasa penggunaan kelas kata yang tepat dalam bahasa
Sunda, huruf “p” dilafal “f” begitu sebaliknya huruf Indonesia.
“f” dilafal “p”, contoh kata “fitnah” diucap “pitnah”,
lalu kata “pendaftaran” diucap “fendaptaran”.
Mungkin itu beberapa kata yang ditemukan dalam
kultur bahasa Sunda. Tetapi selama pelafalan dan
pengucapan tersebut mengandung makna jelas
dalam bahasa Indonesia, sudah pasti kata tersebut
berterima.

b. Penggabungan Kata dalam Bahasa Indonesia

Berikut kekeliruan yang biasa terjadi dalam

penggabungan kata dalam Bahasa Indonesia:
Gambar 5. Kata Tidak Baku

Tabel 5. Gabungan Kata

Salah Benar

Rumah ini di jual tanpa dijual

perantara

Kasus serupa ditemukan pada iklan jasa yang

terdapat dalam tabel di atas. Preposisi terpisah dari
verba, padahal yang benar harus tergabung, dan
Gambar 4. Kata Tidak Baku menjadi verba yang dipasifkan “dijual”. Maka dari,
pembuat iklan jasa ini harus baca PUEBI terlebih
dahulu, sehingga bisa membuat iklan yang dapat
Tabel 4. Gabungan Kata
dipahami dengan jelas dan tidak menimbulkan
pertanyaan.
Salah Benar Hal ini ialah kebalikan dari kasus sebelumnya, di
mana kesalahan penempatan preposisi. Hal ini bisa
Helm anda mohon di dikunci berakibat fatal bagi orang yang membacanya. Orang
kunci, hilang diluar tersebut dapat mengalami multitafsir hingga
tanggung jawab kami di luar ketaksaan, apakah itu termasuk nomina atau verba.
Maka dari itu, pembuat iklan jasa harus betul-betul
peka terhadap kelas kata yang digunakan agar orang
Pada konteks table di atas kata “kunci” merupakan bisa memahaminya dengan saksama.
verba atau kata kerja. Di mana preposisi atau kata
depan harus digabung dengan verba sehingga
menjadi bentuk kalimat pasif “dikunci”. Lalu, kata
“luar” bukanlah nomina, tetapi merupakan

17
Kesalahan Penulisan Kata Bahasa Indonesia Pada Kain Rentang dan Papan Iklan di Tempat Umum

oleh Soeharto selaku Presiden Republik Indonesia

saat itu pada HUT RI ke duapuluh tujuh, tanggal 17
Agustus 1972. EYD menjadi pedoman bagi seluruh
rakyat Indonesia untuk keperluan penulisan secara
akademik dengan bahasa Indonesia secara baik dan
benar.

Seiring waktu berjalan, perkembangan bahasa

Indonesia semakin luas dan kaya, maka pada tahun
2016 terbitlah PUEBI (Pedoman Umum Ejaan
Bahasa Indonesia, berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri
Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia
Nomor 50 Tahun 2015 tanggal 26 November 2016.
Gambar 6. Kata Tidak Baku Pedoman ini menjadi rujukan yang telah diperbarui
oleh Badan Bahasa Kemdikbud sebagai lembaga
institusional yang berwenang untuk mengelola
perkembangan bahasa di Indonesia.
Tabel 6. Gabungan Kata
Sebenarnya Badan Bahasa telah memberikan akses
Salah Benar secara percuma, atau secara gratis kepada
masyarakat umum untuk mengunduh berkas cetak
Di larang merokok Dilarang PUEBI (Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia)
dikawasan ini! dengan format pdf di halaman Badan Bahasa
menjelaskan yaitu. .
“[Link]
ites/default/files/[Link]”.. Bahwa
Kata dalam tabel di atas, biasanya ditemukan di area masyarakat hanya tinggal mengunduh lalu
yang cukup steril dari api. Karena akan terjadi mencetaknya menjadi buku.
kebakan jika ada orang yang sengaja merokok atau
menyalakan api. Kata “Di larang” atau dengan Dengan demikian masyarakat tidak lagi menjadi
preposisi terpisah menjadi verba ini tidak sempurna, “buta” aturan akan pemakian bahasa yang baik dan
maka dari itu kata ini harus digabung antara benar, selanjutnya PUEBI benar-benar menjadi
preposisi dan verba agar menjadi pasif, sehingga pedoman yang hakiki untuk membuat sebuah
orang tidak nampak taksa (ambigu) akan imbauan tulisan. Sebab produk ini merupakan peraturan
tersebut. menteri (permen) untuk setiap warga negara dalam
penggunaan atau pemakaian bahasa Indonesia secara
Dalam kasus ini lagi-lagi terjadi kerancuan pisah baik dan benar.
atau gabung dengan preposisi. Jelas, bahwa kata
“larang” merupakan verba intransitive yang harus b. Kurang Pemahaman Tentang Pembuatan
digabung dengan preposisi “di”, sehingga menjadi Iklan Secara Profesional
pasif. Kata tersebut jelas memberitahu kepada orang
atas imbauan yang harus dipatuhi oleh semua orang. Iklan yang terpajang di tempat umum, menjadi
Hal ini lumrah terjadi karena kealfaan pembuat sorotan setiap mata yang memandang. Orang akan
imbauan, dan ini harus menjadi peringatan untuk menilai iklan tersebut secara internal maupun
pembuatnya agar lebih mengerti bahasa penggunaan eksternal, maksudnya adalah orang akan menilai
bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar. iklan itu dari segi bahasa secara internal, dan dari
segi estetika secara eksternal. Dari penilaian itu
2. Sebab Terjadinya Kesalahan Penulisan Kata di iklan menjadi terhilat lebih estetis atau memilki nilai
Tempat Umum plus. Lalu masyarakat sebagai pengguna akan
tertarik menggunakan jasa itu pastinya.
Sebab musabab kesalahan penulisan mesti
ditelesuriBerikut sebab terjadinya kesalahan Maka dari itu pembuat jasa iklan mesti diberi
penulisan kata di tempat umum: pelatihan yang cukup. Sebenarnya ada kajian yang
disebut dengan “copywriting” atau penulisan konten
a. Kurang Pemahaman Tentang PUEBI iklan. Dengan kajian ini diharapkan para pembuat
(Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia iklan dapat memperhatikan penggunaan atau
pemakaian bahasa Indonesia dengan baik dan benar.
Sebelumnya, dalam bahasa Indonesia terdapat Sehingga iklan yang nantinya dipajang menjadi
pedoman Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan atau iklan terbaik dan laku. Karena pemilihan diksi serta
disingkat menjadi EYD. Pedoman ini diresmikan

18 Muji Endah Palupi

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

strukur bahasanya jelass dan dapat diterima atau PUEBI sebagai “kitab” acuan berbahasa
masyarakat umum. Indonesia yang dan benar.

Dengan adanya PUEBI, niscaya kesalahan

HASIL PEMBAHASAN penggunaan bahasa Indonesia dapat terhindarkan
dalam membuat iklan. Lalu konsumen atau pasien
1. Kesalahan penulisan kata pada tempat “tergoda” untuk memakai jasa yang ditawarkan
umum harus dihindari, sebab pembaca harus dalam iklan. Kecakapan dalam membuat iklan
memahami tulisan tersebut jika tidak ingin sangat penting sekali, mengingat tulisan yang dibaca
dibuat bingung, sebenarnya pembuat tulisan oleh orang pastinya berpengaruh terhadap nilai jual
tersebut paham atau tidak. Terlebih lagi, jika jasa yang dipasang dalam iklan. Dengan kecakapan
tulisan itu dipajang di kain rentang atau ini dapat dipastikan bahwa iklan tersebut akan “laris
papan iklan. Dari judul iklan tersebut, manis” dan mempunyai daya jual yang bersaing di
pembaca akan menilai sejauh mana mata masyarakat.
profesionalitas dari pembuatan tulisan iklan
yang dipajang di tempat umum. Dan ini
menjadi perhatian khusus untuk pembuat
iklan atau ad maker. REFERENSI

2. .Dengan adanya PUEBI yang diterbitkan Chaer, Abdul. 2007. Linguistik Umum
oleh Badan Bahasa Kemdikbud RI, pihak
Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
berwenang dalam pengelola bahasa,
diharapkan dapat digunakan dengan Chaer, Abdul. 2011. Ragam Bahasa Ilmiah.
sebagaimana mestinya, serta untuk
menghidari kesalahan dan ketaksaan dalam Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
berbahasa Indonesia, dan itu adalah nilai plus
atau bargaining untuk pembuat iklan karena Keraf, Gorys. 2010. Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa.
telah mengikuti aturan yang terdapat dalam
PUEBI. Cet. Keduapuluh. Jakarta: Gramedia

Pustaka Utama.

KESIMPULAN Kotler etc, Philip. 2016. Marketing Management. .

New Jersey : Pearson Education Limited
Dengan demikian, jelas bahwa kata baku dan
takbaku, kelas kata, penggabungan dan pemisahan Machfoedz, Mahmud. 2005. Pengantar
preposisi dan verba dalam bahasa Indonesia harus
benar-benar diperhatikan secara saksama, sebab ini Pemasaran Modern. Yogyakarta:
sangat penting bagi pembuat iklan di kain rentang
dan papan iklan di ditempat umum. Keterbatasan UPP AMP YKPN Pengembang Pedoman
dalam penggunaan bahasa Indonesia bukan suatu Bahasa Indonesia
halangan mendasar, sebab Badan Bahasa
Kemendikbud dalam laman resminya. Penggguna , Tim. 2016. Pedoman Umum Ejaan
umum dapat mengunduh secara bebas tanpa
Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Badan
dipungut bayaran sepeser pun. Ini dimaksudkan
untuk masyarakat dapat menggunakan bahasa Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa .
Indonesia dengan baik dan benar. Kemdikbud RI
Kesalahan penulisan di tempat umum memang Tjiptono, Fandy. 2010. Strategi Pemasaran.
lumrah terjadi di kalangan masyarakat. Tetapi apa
salahnya jika mereka melakukan pratinjau tulisan Yogyakarta:Penerbit Andi
yang akan diklankan. Pada waktu itu kita tahu
dengan istilah Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan atau ______2016. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia
biasa disingkat EYD. Seiring waktu berjalan, banyak
terjadi perkembangan lema baru yang ditemukan di Jakarta: Menteri Pendidikan dan
masyarakat, hingga pada tahun 2015, Kemendikbud Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia
sebagai garda utama yang menggawangi bidang
bahasa, terutama Badan Bahasa yang bertugas
mengembangkan bahasa di Indonesia dan akhirnya
merilis Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia

19
Kesalahan Penulisan Kata Bahasa Indonesia Pada Kain Rentang dan Papan Iklan di Tempat Umum

PROFIL PENULIS

Muji Endah Palupi, SS, [Link] lahir di Jakarta

Pada tahun 1973. Penulis memperoleh gelar Sarjana
Sastra, Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris di STIBA
IEC pada tahun 2012 dan gelar Magister , Fakultas
Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris di Universitas
Indraprasta PGRI pada tahun 2015. Penulis bekerja
sebagai Dosen Bahasa Inggris di ABA BSI dari
tahun 2013 – sampai saat ini. Selain itu pekerjaan
yang ditekuni sebagai konsultasi pelajaran Bahasa
Inggris di Bimbingan Belajar, pengajar Bahasa
Turki. Penulis aktif dalam seminar, workshop,
kegiatan lain yang berkaitan dengan ilmu
pendidikan. Penulis juga aktif di Polyglot Indonesia,
Organisasi di bidang Ilmu Bahasa Asing dan
Kebudayaan Asing Dunia.

20 Muji Endah Palupi

Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438
[Link]

Perubahan Fonem pada Bahasa Jawa ngapak di Kabupaten Kebumen

(Sebuah Kajian Fonologi)
Prapti Wigati Purwaningrum
Akademi Bahasa Asing Bina Sarana Informatika
email : [Link]@[Link]

Cara Sitasi:
Purwaningrum, P. W. (2018). Perubahan Fonem pada Bahasa Jawa ngapak di Kabupaten Kebumen (Sebuah
Kajian Fonologi). Wanastra, 10(2), 21–28.

Abstract - The purpose of this analysis is to know some contributing factors of phonem changes in Bahasa Jawa
ngapak in Desa Bendungan, Kabupaten Kebumen. The method of this analysis is field research and the data of
this analysis are taken from some utterances which uttered by respondence. In collecting the data, writer
interviewed the respondence about same words then write the fhonetic transcription of it. The writer found some
phoneme changes such as coarticulation process in labialization in <tua> [tuwa], nasalisation [mb], [nd], and
[nϯ], and glottalisation in [riʔ], [uɭaʔ], [sapaʔ]. The next changes are distribution process such as aferesis
<hati> [ati], <hujan> [uϲan], <rumah> [umah], apokop<ular> [uɭaʔ], monophthong <danau> [dano] [au]
menjadi [o], and the last process is anaftiksis such as paragog in <siku> [sikuʈ. Besides that the writer also
found some consonants cluster in Bahasa Jawa Ngapak such as [swiwi], with [r] [kruŋu], [mripat], [mriɲaŋ],
[srəŋɛŋɛ] with [l][bləϲuk], [gluduk], [blədɛg]. Some consonants also found in bahasa jawa ngapak Desa
Bendungan kabupaten Kebumen [p], [b], [t], [ʈ], [ϲ], [ϯ], [k], [g], [ʔ], [m], [n], [ŋ], [ɲ], [r], [s], [j], [h], [w], [l].
Besides that some vocals also appear [i], [u], [e], [ə], [ɛ], [o], [a].

Keywords: Perubahan Fonem, Konsonan, Vokal, Konsonan Gabungan, Bahasa Jawa Ngapak Kabupaten
Kebumen.

PENDAHULUAN semantik, sosiolinguistik, serta pragmatik serta

kajian terapan lainnya yang semuanya sangat
Bahasa daerah sebagai salah satu kekayaan budaya menari dan bermanfaat untuk dilakukan.
yang dimiliki oleh bangsa Indonesia, sudah
selayaknya dijaga dan dilestarikan agar tetap terjaga Kajian fonologi merupakan kajian dasar dalam
keberadaannya. Melalui usaha pemertahanan bahasa tingkatan kajian linguistik. Dalam (Chaer 2013:5)
berarti turut menambah serta memperkaya bahasa disebutkan bahwa fonologi mengkaji tentang bunyi-
dan kebudayaan dan bahasa nasional. Bangsa bunyi bahasa sebagai hasil akhir dari serangkaian
Indonesia memiliki beragam bahasa daerah dan tahap segmentasi terhadap suatu ujaran. Bunyi-bunyi
dialek yang berbeda. bahasa sebagai satuan terkecil dari ujaran beserta
dengan gabungan antarbunyi yang membentuk suku
Beberapa bahasa daerah seperti jawa, sunda, kata. Pendapat lain dikemukakan oleh (kridalaksana
madura, serta padang merupakan bahasa yang cukup 2008:57) merupakan bidang dalam tataran linguistik
banyak penggunanya. Selain itu masih banyak bunyi-bunyi bahasa menurut fungsinya.
bahasa daerah lain yang juga tetap harus digunakan,
dijaga dan dilestarikan keberadaannya. Namun di Bahasa jawa merupaka salah satu bahasa daerah
masa sekarang tidak sedikit orang tua yang tidak lagi yang jumlah pemakaianya lebih banyak
mengenalkan bahasa bahasa daerah pada anak- dibandingkan dengan bahasa daerah lain. Bahasa
anaknya. Para orang tua berlomba mengenalkan Jawa terbagi menjadi beberapa daerah yaitu jawa
bahasa asing dengan berbagai alasan, sehingga timur, Jawa tengah dan Daerah istimewa Jogjakarta.
banyak dari anak-anak sekarang tidak mengenal Masing-masing daerah tersebut memiliki ciri khas
bahasa daerahnya masing-masing. Terkadang rasa dan juga dialek yang berbeda. Sehingga terkadang
miris menyadarkan kembali kepekaan terhadap dengan penutur menuturkan tuturan maka mitra tutur
keberadaan bahasa daerah yang semakin hari akan dapat mengidentifikasi dari mana penutur
semakin terabaikan. tersebut bersal.

Penelitian bahasa sangat penting dilakukan sebagai Di jawa tengah khususnya juga memiliki dialek yang
usaha pemertahannan bahasa daerah itu sendiri dan berbeda yaitu ada jawa ngapak yang digunakan oleh
sekaligus sebagai cara untuk mengembangkan masyarakat Jawa Tengah dibagian barat dan
bahasa nasional. Begitu banyak kajian dalam bidang semakin ke arah timur dialek jawa yang digunakan
bahasa dari mulai fonologi, morfologi, sintak, seamakin halus. Dimulai dari Tegal, Brebes,

Diterima: 09-07-18 Direvisi: 26-07-18 Disetujui:07-08-18 21

 Perubahan Fonem pada Bahasa Jawa ngapak di Kabupaten Kebumen (Sebuah Kajian Fonologi)

Banyumas, Kebumen, Purworejo, Jogjakarta, Solo, udara melalui rongga hidung sebelum atau
dan Semarang. Kabupaten Kebumen merupakan sesudah bunyi utama diucapkan, sehingga
daerah yang berada diantara kabupaten Banyumas terdengar bunyi sertaan [m], terjadi pada
dan Purworejo, sehingga dialek dalam daerah konsonan hambat bersuara yaitu [b], [d],
tersebut dipengaruhi perpaduan antara dialek ngapak dan [g] sehingga menjadi [mb], [nd], dan
dari Kabupaten Banyumas dan halus dari Kabupaten [kg].
Purworejo.
2. Akibat distribusi
Dalam tulisan ini penulis menggunakan data yang
diambil dari tuturan salah satu masyarakat yang Netralisasi yaitu proses hilangnya kontras antara
tinggal di Desa Bendungan di Kabupaten Kebumen. dua buah fonem yang berbeda. Misalnya bunyi
Dialek bahasa setempat masih cukup kental [p] pada kata <jawab> dilafalkan menjadi bunyi
dipengaruhi dialek ngapak. Penulis memberikan 253 [p] dan juga sebagai [b].
kosa kata dalam bahasa Indonesia, lalu responden
menjawab menggunakan bahasa daerah tersebut. 3. Akibat perkembangan sejarah

Menurut Chaer fonologi merupakan gabungan dari Hal ini diakibatkan oleh pemakaian sejumlah
kata fon ‘bunyi’ dan logi yang berarti ilmu, yang unsur leksikal di dalam masyarakat dan budaya.
berarti fonologi merupakan bagian dari kajian
linguistik yang mengkaji, membahas, a. Kontraksi (peenyingkatan)
membicarakan, menganalisis bunyi-bunyi bahasa
Proses menghilangkan sebuah bunyi atau
yang diproduksi oleh alat ucap manusia.
lebih pada sebuah unsur leksikal.
Pijakan berikutnya yaitu beberapa hal yang
1) Aferesis
mempengaruhi perubahan bunyi atau fonem. Masih
dalam (Chaer 2013: 96-105) di dalam praktik Yaitu proses penghilangan satu fonem
bertutur fonem atau bunyi atau bahasa tidak berdiri atau lebih pada awal kata.
sendiri melainkan saling berkaitan. Oleh karena itu
secara fonetis maupun fonemis akibat dari saling 2) Apokop
berkaitan maka bunyi itu bisa saja berubah. Jika
perubahannya tidak mempengaruhi identitas Proses penghilangan satu fonem atau
fonemnya berubah maka perubahan itu bersifat lebih
fonetis, tapi jika perubahan tersebut mempengaruhi
identitas fonemnya berubah maka fonem itu bersifat b. Monoftongisasi
fonemis. Proses perubahan fonem dipengaruhi oleh
beberapa hal yaitu adanya koartikulasi, perubahan Proses ini terjadi akibat adanya perubahan
morfologi, akibat lingkungan, distribusi, dan dua vokal atau gugus vokal menjadi sebuah
perkembangan sejarah. vokal.

Menurut (Chaer 2013:97) proses perubahan itu dapat c. Anaftiksis

terbagi dalam beberapa bentuk yang antara lain:
Proses penambahan bunyi vokal diantara dua
1. Akibat adanya koartikulasi konsonan dalam sebuah kata atau
penambahan sebuah konsonan pada sebuah
a. Labialisasi kata tertentu.

Proses pembulatan bentuk bibir ketika 1) Paragog

artikulasi primer berlangsung.
Ini merupakan proses penambahan
Contoh: bunyi pada posisi akhir kata.

<tujuan>, bunyi [t] bunyi terdengar [tw]

b. Glotalisasi yaitu bunyi sertaan yang METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

dihasilkan dengan cara glotis ditutup
sesudah bunyi utama diucapkan sehingga Menurut Sudaryanto, Metode deskriptif
terdengar bunyi sertaan. Misal: bunyi [a] menyarankan bahwa penelitian yang dilakukan
pada kata <akan> terdengar menjadi semata-mata berdasarkan pada fakta yang ada atau
[aʔkan]. fenomena yang memang secara empiris hidup pada
penutur-penuturnya, sehingga dihasilkan atau dicatat
c. Nasalisasi bunyi sertaan yang dihasilkan berupa pemberian bahasa seperti potret, paparan
dengan cara memberikan kesampatan arus seperti apa adanya. Dengan metode deskriptif,

22 Prapti Wigati Purwaningrum

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

penelitian dilakukan semata-mata berdasarkan fakta Tabel 1. Hasil Analisis Perubahan Fonem Pada
atau fenomena yang memang hidup pada Bahasa Jawa Ngapak di Desa Bendungan Kab.
penuturnya. Dalam hal ini, metode dekriptif Kebumen.
memberikan gambaran yang objektif tentang
fonologi bahasa jawa di Desa Bendungan kabupaten Perubahan Fonem
Kebumen yang akan dianalisis sesuai dengan faktor Distri
koartikulasi Perkembangan Sejarah
pemakaian sebenarnya dari bahasa itu sendiri. busi
kontraksi anaf
Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam la na mono
glot net aferesi apoko parago
penelitian ini adalah menggunakan pendekatan b s f
s p g
kualitatif. Penelitian kualitatif merupakan bentuk
penelitian yang menggambarkan suatu keadaaan 1 9 12 1 3 1 2 1
dengan uraian. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa kata-
Catatan:
kata (Moleong, 2005:11). Oleh karena itu, data yang
akan dikumpulkan mengacu pada makna atau 1. No : Nomor
pemahaman terhadap interkasi terhadap konsep data
yang dianalisis. Dengan demikian data dianalisis 2. Ina : Indonesia
dalam bentuk uraian transkripsi.
3. Japak : Jawa Ngapak
Pendekatan kualitatif memiliki ciri-ciri berlatar
alamiah, bersifat deskriptif, lebih mengutamakan 4. Lab : Labialisasi
proses daripada hasil, dan analisis data bersifat
induktif (Bogdan dan Biklen, 1982 dalam 5. Nas : Nasalisasi
Djajasudarma,1994).
Berlatar alamiah, maksudnya data penelitian 6. Glot : Glotalisasi
bersumber dari peristiwa-peristiwa komunikasi dan
situasi alamiah yang berlangsung di masyarakat 7. Net: Netralisasi
setempat.
8. Monof : Monoftongisasi
Bersifat deskriptif, maksudnya data dikumpulkan
berbentuk deskripsi wacana. Data dilengkapi dengan
9. Anaf : Anaftiksis
konteks terjadinya interaksi. Pendeskripsian konteks
diupayakan hingga menyentuh hal-hal kecil, seperti Dalam tulisan ini penulis menggunakan data
waktu, tempat, dan kedudukan partisipan. Hasil sebanyak 253 tuturan dalam Bahasa Jawa ngapak di
analisis data dipaparkan sesuai dengan temuan di Desa Bendungan Kabupaten Kebumen. Data data
lapangan. tersebut penulis menemukan beberapa proses
fonologi yang terjadi, dianatarnya:
Data dan Sumber Data
1. Proses Koartikulasi
a. Data
Menurut Chaer (2013:96) Proses ini terjadi
Data dalam penelitian ini berupa bunyi-bunyi karena saat artikulasi primer memproduksi
bahasa dalam bahasa Jawa di desa Bendungan bunyi pertama berlangsung, alat-alat ucxap
Kabupaten Kebumen. sudah mengambil ancang-ancang untuk
memproduksi bunyi selanjutnya.
b. Sumber Data

Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah bahasa a. Labialisasi

yang dituturkan oleh penutur jati bahasa Jawa Proses ini terjadi saat ada pembulatan
yang diperoleh melalui pengamatan dan bentuk bibir saat artikulasi primer
pencatatan lapangan secara langsung.
berlangsung.
Subjek penelitian yang dipilih dalam penelitian
ini adalah penutur jati bahasa tersebut. Namun, Dalam bahasa Indonesia kata Tua saat
tidak semua masyarakat asli penutur bahasa dituturkan dalam bahasa Jawa ngapak
setempat mempunyai kedudukan yang sama. menjadi [ʈuwa]. [ʈ] adalah bunyi
Oleh karena itu, untuk mendapatkan data yang alpikoalveolar, tapi pada kata <tua> [ʈ]
valid diperlukan seorang informan. disusul dengan [u] yang merupakan vokal
bundar, maka [ʈ] denganpembulatan bibir
maka seolah muncul bunyi [ʈw]. Jadi kata
<tua> dilafalkan menjadi [ʈuwa].
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
b. Nasalisasi.

23
Perubahan Fonem pada Bahasa Jawa ngapak di Kabupaten Kebumen (Sebuah Kajian Fonologi)

Merupakan proses bunyi sertaan yang 3. Perkembangan sejarah

dihasilkan dengan cara memberikan
kesempatan arus udara melalui rongga a. Proses kontraksi (penyingkatan)
hidung sebelum atau sesaat bunyi tersebut
diucapkan. Bunyi sertaan [m] dan [n] pada Masih dalam (Chaer 2013:103) proses ini
[mb], [nd], dan [nɟ]. menghilangkan sebuah bunyi atau lebih
pada seluruh unsur leksikal.
[mb]
1) Aferisis merupakan proses
kata <malam> dalam bahasa jawa ngapak penghilangkan satu fonem atau lebih
<bengi> namun pada saat dituturkan ada pada awal kata.
arus udara melalui rongga hidung sehingga
terdengar bunyi sertaan [m] [mbəŋi]. Bunyi Pada kata <hati> jika dituturkan dalam
yang sama juga terdapat pada kata <busek> bahasa jawa ngapak akan terdengar
dan <nangburi> [aʈi] pada pelafalan ini terjadi
penyingkatan dari kata <hati>
[nd] dituturkan menjadi bunyi [h] hilang
[aʈi]. Proses penyingkatan ini juga
Kata <lihat> dalam bahasa jawa ngapak terjadi pada bunyi [uϲan] dan [umah].
<deleng> namun saat dituturkan ada arus
udara melalui rongga hidung sehingga 2) Apokop adalah proses penghilangan
terdengar bunyi sertaan [n] [nϲələŋ]. Bunyi satu fonem atau lebih pada akhir kata.
yang sama juga ditemukan pada kata
<damu> [nϲamu]. Pada kata <ular> dalam bahasa jawa
ngapak dituturkan menjadi [ʊɭaʔ]
[nϯ] disini bunyi [r] hilang dan
pelafalannya seperti muncul bunyi
Kata <duduk> dalam bahasa jawa ngapak glotal.
<jagong> namun saat dituturkan akan
terdengar bunyi sertaan [n] [nϯagoŋ]. Bunyi b. Monoftongisasi
serupa juga terdapat pada <jepit>, [nϯəpiʈ],
<nangjaba> [naŋnϯaba], dan <nangjero> Merupakan proses perubahan dua buah
[naŋnϯəro]. vokal atau gugus vokal menjadi sebuah
vokal. Pada kata <danau> dilafalkan dalam
c. Glottalisasi bahasa jawa ngapak akan terdengar menajdi
[dano]. Dalam perubahan bunyi tersebut
Bunyi sertaan yang muncul saat glotis terdapat perubahan bunyi dari dua buah
tertutup sesudah bunyi utama sehingga vokal [au] menjadi satu vokal yaitu bunyi
terdengar bunyi [ʔ]. Seperti pada kata [0] maka menjadi [dano].
<Duri>, <kutu>, <kamu> saat dituturkan
dalam bahasa Jawa ngapak akan terdengan c. Anaftiksis
bunyi glottal [ʔ] bunyi [i] pada [ɾiʔ], bunyi
[a] pada [ʈumaʔ], dan bunyi [æ] pada Paragog adalah Proses yang terjadi saat ada
[kowæʔ]. Berdasarkan data penelitian ini, penambahan bunyi vokal diantara dua
bunyi glottal cukup banyak ditemukan konsonan dalam kata atau penambahan
diantaranya pada bunyi [uɭaʔ], [dawaʔ], konsonan pad akata tertentu. Pada kata
[bojoʔ], [iϲuʔ], [kaæʔ], [sapaʔ], [apaʔ], <siku> jika dilafalkan dalam bahasa jawa
[təkaʔ], [oraʔ]. menjadi [sikuʈ]. Dalam bunyi tersebut
terjadi penambahan bunyi konsonan di
2. Proses Distribusi akhir kata dari [siku] dalam bahasa jawa
ngapak menjadi [sikuʈ] yaitu terjadi
Menurut Chaer (2013:99) proses ini merupakan penambahan bunyi [ʈ].
saat dimana letak suatu bunyi dalam satu
satuan ujaran. Selain itu dalam bahasa jawa ngapak di Desa
Bendungan kabupaten Kebumen ditemukan
a. Netralisasi beberapa bunyi konsonan gabungan / consonant
Cluster. Diantaranya:
Situasi ini terjadi karena hilangnya kontras
antara dua buah fonem yang berbeda. Bunyi 1. gabungan konsonan /r/
[ʈ] pada kata <babat> dapat dilafalkan
sebagai bunyi [ʈ] dan [ɗ], sehingga bisa /mr/ pada bunyi [mripaʈ] dan [mriɲaŋ]
dilafalkan [babaʈ] dan [babaϲ].

24 Prapti Wigati Purwaningrum

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/kr/ pada bunyi [kruŋu]

/sr] pada bunyi [srəŋɛŋɛ]

2. gabungan konsonan mengandung /l/

/bl/ pada bunyi [bɭəϲuk] dan [blədɛg]

/gɭ/ pada bunyi [gɭuduk]

3. gabungan konsonan mengandung /w/

/sw/ pada bunyi [swiwi]

Berikut distribusi fonem konsonan dalam

bahasa Jawa Ngapak di Desa Bendungan
Kabupaten Kebumen

Tabel 2. Distribusi Fenom Bahasa Jawa Ngapak Di Desa Bendungan Kabupaten Kebumen: Konsonan

DISTRIBUSI FONEM BAHASA JAWA NGAPAK DI DESA BENDUNGAN KABUPATEN KEBUMEN:

KONSONAN
PLOSIF [p] [b] [t] [d] [ʈ] [ϲ] [ɉ] [k] [g] [?] KET
#C_
data [papaʈ] [baluŋ] [tələs] [dano] [ϲɔlan] [ϯənəŋ] [kodol] [gədaŋ]
Makna empat tulang basah Danau Main nama Tumpul pisang
Nomor 58 37 241 97 103
_C_
data [nʝəpit] [abaŋ] [watu] [blədɛg] [siʈik] [wəϲi] [ϲriϯi] [təkən] [ϲagiŋ]
Makna Jepit Merah batu Kilat Takut Jari Tongkat Daging
Nomor 247 123 87 228 15 88
_ C#
data [landəp] [tunϯləb] [ilat] [babad] [lamuk] [blədɛg] [riʔ]
Makna tajam Tikam lidah babat awan kilat duri

Tabel 3. Distribusi Fonem Bahasa Jawa Ngapak Didesa Bendunan Kabupaten Kebumen : Konsonan

DISTRIBUSI FONEM BAHASA JAWA NGAPAK DI DESA

BENDUNGAN KABUPATEN KEBUMEN: KONSONAN
NASAL [m] [n] [ɲ [ŋ]

#C_
data [mbəŋi] [nəŋən] [ɲokot] [ŋomoŋ]
makna malam Kanan Gigit Bicara
no data 100 116 143 198
_C_
data [mambu] [lanaŋ] [aɲar] [kruŋu]
makna Bau Laki-laki Baru Dengar
no data 117 174 157 195
_ C#
data [antəm] [təkən] [lanaŋ]
makna Pukul Tongkat Laki-laki
no data 206 88 174

25
Perubahan Fonem pada Bahasa Jawa ngapak di Kabupaten Kebumen (Sebuah Kajian Fonologi)

Tabel 4. Distribusi Fonem Bahasa Jawa Ngapak Didesa Bendunan Kabupaten Kebumen : Konsonan

DISTRIBUSI FONEM BAHASA JAWA NGAPAK DI

DESA BENDUNGAN KABUPATEN KEBUMEN:
KONSONAN
TRIL [r]
#C_
data [rama]
makna Bapak
no data 178
_C_
data [urip]
makna Hidup
no data 210
_ C#
data [silir]
makna Sejuk
no data 85

Tabel 5. Distribusi Fonem Bahasa Jawa Ngapak Didesa Bendunan Kabupaten Kebumen : Konsonan

DISTRIBUSI FONEM BAHASA JAWA NGAPAK DI DESA

BENDUNGAN KABUPATEN KEBUMEN: KONSONAN
FRIKATIF [s] [ʝ] [h]
#C_
data [sirah]
makna Kepala
no data 1
_C_
data [bosok] [kiʝɛ]
makna Busuk Ini
no data 116 138
_ C#
data [ŋərəs] [gumoh]
makna Kotor Muntah
no data 12 205

Tabel 6. Distribusi Fonem Bahasa Jawa Ngapak Didesa Bendunan Kabupaten Kebumen : Konsonan

DISTRIBUSI FONEM BAHASA JAWA NGAPAK DI DESA

BENDUNGAN KABUPATEN KEBUMEN: KONSONAN
[w]
#C_
data [wətəŋ]
makna Perut
no data 24
_C_
data [kuwuŋ]
makna Pelangi

26 Prapti Wigati Purwaningrum

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no data 76
_ C#
data
makna
no data

Tabel 7. Distribusi Fonem Bahasa Jawa Ngapak Didesa Bendunan Kabupaten Kebumen : Konsonan

DISTRIBUSI FONEM BAHASA JAWA NGAPAK DI DESA

BENDUNGAN KABUPATEN KEBUMEN: KONSONAN
[l]
#C_
data [lara]
makna Sakit
no data 32
_C_
data [bələt]
makna Lumpur
no data 43
_ C#
data [sikil]
makna Kaki
no data 29

KESIMPULAN [ə]:[ŋərəs] 12

Simpulan dari analisis ini adalah penulis [ɛ]: [blədɛg] 87

menemukan beberapa proses fonologi yang terjadi
dalam bahasa Jawa ngapak di Kabupaten Kebumen. [o]: [kodol] 97
Peroses tersebut meliputi adanya proses
koartikulasi yaitu nasalisasi, labialisasi, dan [a]: [abaŋ] 123
glotalisasi. Proses berikutnya yang penulis temukan
adalah kontraksi dengan adanya aferesis dan REFERENSI
apokop. Selanjutnya proses distribusi melalui
Chaer, Abdul. 2013. Fonologi Bahasa Indonesia.
netralisasi juga ditemukan, monoftongisasi, dana
Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
anafiksis jenis paragog.
Kridalaksana, Harimurti. 2008. Kamus Linguistik.
Dalam bahasa jawa ngapak di kabupaten Kebumen
Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.
ini cukup banayk ditemukan proses netralisasi.
Pada umumny proses nasalisasi yang sering terjadi Kusuma, Eka. 2013. Kajian afonologi dan Leksikon
pada pada bunyi [mb], [nd], dan [kg], tapi pada Bahasa Jawa Di Desa Wanayasa
bahasa jawa ngapak ditemukan proses nasalisasi kecamatan Wanayasa Kabupaten
[mb], [nd] dan [nϯ]. Banjarnegara. Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa,
sastra dan Budaya
Bunyi konsonan yang muncul pada bahasa jawa
Jawa(Vol.03).[Link]
ngapak di desa Bendungan kabupaten Kebumen
[Link]/aditya/article/view/733
adalah [p], [b], [t], [ʈ], [ϲ], [ϯ], [k], [g], [ʔ], [m], [n],
[ŋ], [ɲ], [r], [s], [j], [h], [w], [l]. Schane, Sanford A. 1973. Generative Phonology.
Prentice Halle, Englewood Clliffts
sedangkan vokal yang muncul meliputi
Sudaryanto. (2015). Metode dan Teknik Analisis
[i]: [iruŋ] 10
Bahasa: Pengantar Penelitian Wahana
[u]:[kupiŋ] 4 Kebudayaan Secara Linguistis.
Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University
[e]: [lambe] 6 Press.

27
Perubahan Fonem pada Bahasa Jawa ngapak di Kabupaten Kebumen (Sebuah Kajian Fonologi)

PROFIL PENULIS

RIWAYAT HIDUP/CURRICULUM VITAE

Nama/Complete Name :Prapti Wigati

Purwaningrum

Institusi/Institution : ABA BSI Jakarta

Pendidikan/Education : S2 Linguistik

Minat Penelitian/Research Interest: Pragmatik

28 Prapti Wigati Purwaningrum

Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438
[Link]

Stereotip Pahlawan Super:

Perilaku Fisik Superman Di Buku Komik The Death Of Superman

Adora Beata Bethari1, Tatan Tawami2

1
Universitas Komputer Indonesia
email: bethariadora10@[Link]

2
Universitas Komputer Indonesia
email: tatantawami@[Link]

Cara Sitasi:
Bethari, A. B., & Tawami, T. (2018). Stereotip Pahlawan Super: Perilaku Fisik Superman Di Buku
Komik The Death Of Superman. Wanastra, 10(2), 29–34.

Abstract - This study aims at describing superhero stereotype. This stereotype has become an issue on
every super hero stories in comic book. In this study, superheroes stereotypes are argued as good
characteristic and charismatic physical behavior and these stereotypes are looked dominanting,
powerful, patriotism and masculine. This study focuses on how physical behaviors apply in superheroes
especially in Superman character in the Death of Superman comic book. Therefore, this study aims to
describe a physical behavior in Superman. In answering the challenge, descriptive method was
implemented, using Baker’s theory as an approach. Based on the analysis, the results of the study show:
(1) Superman has a dominant and brave character; (2) Superman behaves to be a leader in team; and (3)
Superman is always faced with a difficult situation to choose and decide the choice. From the analysis,
the behavior of Superman makes Superman become very aggressive compared to other characters.

Keywords: Physical Behaviour, Superhero Stereotype, Superman

PENDAHULUAN Dengan adanya persamaan karakteristik ini

memunculkan stereotip pada karakter pahlawan
Fenomena pahlawan super membawa super.
representasi maskulin pada beberapa sosok
pahlawan super. Fenomena pahlawan super ini Stereotip adalah pelabelan terhadap sesuatu hal
juga sudah menjadi sosok idola pada beberapa bisa perorangan atau kelompok yang sering
masyarakatnya, hal ini dikarenakan beberapa digambarkan dengan makna yang negatif
sosok pahlawan super dianggap lebih baik untuk (Burton dalam Junaedi 2007:65). Tetapi
beberapa masyarakat. (Sangianglili, 2012: 171). kemunculan stereotip pada karakter pahlawan
Fenomena ini membawa karakteristik yang super membuat pengenalan tokoh pahlawan
hampir sama pada beberapa sosok pahlawan super mudah untuk dikenali oleh masyarakat,
super tersebut. Kesamaan karakteristik ini adalah jadi dengan adanya stereotip pada karakter
sama-sama manusia berotot dengan patriotism pahlawan super akan mudah dikenali.
yang tinggi dan hal ini membuat karakteristik
pada pahlawan super menjadi karakter yang ideal Karakter pahlawan super adalah karakter utama
dengan nilai–nilai maskulinitasnya. Nilai yang muncul dalam cerita di buku komik.
maskulinitas yang dimaksud adalah sifat – sifat Dengan kekuatan supernya, pahlawan super
seperti rasional, ambius, independen, dominan, melakukan banyak aksi untuk melawan musuh-
dan berjiawa kepemimpinan (Chafetz, 1978). musuhnya dalam misi menyelamatkan bumi.
Contoh karakter pahlawan super yang terkenal
Sifat maskulin ini membuat para karakter sampai sekarang adalah Batman, Ironman,
pahlawan super sangat dominan dan independen. Captain America, Spiderman, Thor, Aquaman
Karakter ini terlihat sangat pemberani karena dan masih banyak lagi karakter pahlawan super
suka aksi sendiri dalam mengalahkan musuh. lainnya. Tetapi salah satu pahlawan super yang

Diterima: 03-07-18 Direvisi: 14-08-18 Disetujui:27-08-18 29

Stereotip Pahlawan Super: Perilaku Fisik Superman Di Buku Komik The Death Of Superman

terkenal dengan kekuatan super yang tidak biasa dan rela mati sehingga pahlawan super tersebut
adalah Superman. Superman adalah satu karakter menjadi pedoman yang sangat patriotik untuk
pahlawan super dari komik DC yang terkenal pembacanya. Untuk membuktikan perilaku fisik
sangat kuat dan sampai sekarang karakter ini pada karakter pahlawan super, karakter
sangat terkenal dikalangan cerita pahlawan Superman akan menjadi objek untuk studi ini.
super. Pengambilan objek karakter Superman
dikarenakan karakter Superman menjadi karakter
Kemunculan karakter Superman pertama kali pertama pahlawan super di komik DC.
pada tahun 1938 dengan komik berjudul Action
Comics #1 dari Komik DC. Dengan kehadiran Mempersoalkan isu stereotip yang telah
karakter Superman menandai mulainya Golden dipaparkan sebelumnya, studi ini bertujuan untuk
Age atau Era Emas pada Komik di Amerika, mendeskripsikan stereotip perilaku fisik
selain itu kehadiran tokoh Superman pada tahun pahlawan super yang direpresentasikan oleh
1938 memunculkan tokoh pahlawan super baru Superman dalam buku komik the Death of
lainnya (Reynolds, 1992:8-10). Sebagai salah Superman. Guna mendeskripsikan tingkah laku
satu penyebab dari kemunculan tokoh pahlawan atau perilaku fisik pahlawan super pada karakter
super lainnya, Superman menjadi salah satu Superman tersebut, rumusan masalah pada studi
tokoh yang sangat mempengaruhi karakteristik ini diformulasikan sebagai berikut:
atau penokohan di beberapa pahlawan super lain
bukan hanya di DC tetapi di Marvel sekalipun. 1. Perilaku fisik apa saja yang muncul pada
Superman pada komik the Death of
Pengaruh Superman pada karakter pahlawan Superman?
super lainnya di benarkan oleh Thomson. Iain
Thomson (2005: 18) mengatakan, it would be Selaras dengan rumusan masalah, tujuan studi ini
more accurate to say that all superheroes are adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perilaku fisik
variations of the superman archetype. Thomson yang dimiliki oleh Superman pada komik the
berpendapat bahwa Superman adalah karakter Death of Superman.
prototipe untuk karakter pahlawan super yang
baru, jadi beberapa karakter pahlawan super baru
adalah pembaruan dari karakter Superman yang
sudah dimodifikasi. Pembaruan karakter ini bisa METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
terlihat dari penampilan fisik yang diubah untuk
Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah
terliat berbeda dan berfungsi untuk membanyak
metode kualitatif. Metode kualitatif menurut
variasi didalam karakter pahlawan super, tetapi
Denzin dan Lincoln di Moleong (2007:5) yaitu :
pada perilaku fisik atau tingkah laku pada
pahlawan super tidak banyak perubahan. “Qualitative research is a scientific research,
aims to understand a phenomenon naturally in a
Menurut Sternglanz and Serbin (1974), Streicher
context by emphasizing the deep process between
(1974), Levinson (1975), Mayes and Valentine
the researcher and the phenomena in studied.”
(1979), and Thompson and Zerbinos (1995),
tingkah laku atau perilaku fisik pada pahlawan Dengan metode kualitatif, semua data dikelola
super were expected to be brave, dominant, dengan cara yang mudah untuk dipahami,
intelligent, having difficulty making decisions, ditafsirkan, dan disusun, agar menghasilkan
getting in trouble, acting like a leader, and being informasi yang deskriptif. Sesuai dengan fokus
more aggressive. Penokohan perilaku fisik pada kajian, studi ini menjelaskan stereotip perilaku
karakter pahlawan super di wajibkan untuk fisik apa saja yang berelasi dengan karakter
memiliki perilaku yang berani, pintar, selalu Superman.
mengambil keputusan sekaligus sebagai
pemimpin, dan hal ini membuat karakter ini Untuk memperoleh data, beberapa langkah
menjadi dominan dan agresif. Hal ini dilakukan dalam pengelolan data dilakukan. Pertama, data
karena pria diwajibkan untuk menjadi pelindung diidentifikasi dari rentetan panel dalam buku
(Poedjianto, 2014: 19). Selain itu beberapa komik the Death of Superman sebagai sumber.
perilaku fisik ini sudah menjadi pola dasar untuk Mengidentifikasinya melalui membaca buku
pahlawan super atau sudah menjadi stereotip di komik the Death of Superman dengan seksama.
karakteristik pahlawan super agar mudah Lalu, data diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tingkah
dikenali. laku apa saja yang muncul secara eksplisit dan
implisit dari karakter Superman. Selanjutnya,
Dengan perilaku fisik ini, pahlawan super data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori
diharapkan menjadi tokoh yang sangat berani

30 Adora Beata Bethari, Tatan Tawami

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karakteristik yang berfokus pada perilaku Sebagaimana yang telah dipaparkan dalam
fisik/physical behaviour dari Baker (2004). landasan teori, perilaku fisik dari karakter
Superman terlihat dari panel-panel yang di
Tokoh atau karakter adalah pelaku yang ekspresikan melalui perbuatan dan percakapan
menjalankan peristiwa atau setiap kejadian yang dilakukan oleh karakter Superman dan
dalam cerita fiksi sehingga terjalin cerita yang karakter lainnya di buku komik the Death of
mengalir dan diekspresikan dengan percakapan Superman.
dan tindakan dari karakter atau tokoh tersebut
(Aminuddin, 2009:79). Karakter tersebut pada
akhirnya dipastikan memiliki watak atau
karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Karakter HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
Superman sebagai pelaku yang menjalankan
jalan cerita di buku komik the Death of Data pada studi ini memperlihatkan bahwa
Superman, mengekspresikan karakteristiknya karakter Superman memiliki stereotip pahlawan
dengan percakapan dan tindakannya. super khususnya pada perilaku fisik pada
karakter pahlawan super. Hal ini m
Karakteristik menurut Kaysee Baker (2014:20)
pada karakter Superman dapat dilihat dari 4: Data 1
physical appearance/penampilan fisik, physical
behaviour/perilaku fisik, personality trait/ciri
kepribadian, dan communicative
behavior/perilaku komunikatif. Tetapi pada studi
ini berfokus pada perilaku fisik/physical
behavior dari karakter Superman dibuku komik
the Death of Superman.

Untuk mengetahui perilaku fisik dari karakter

Superman, menurut Luxemburg (1984:171)
karakteristik termasuk perilaku fisik dan watak
Superman dapat diketahui secara eksplisit dan
implisit. Eksplisit dimaksudkan karakteristik
Superman dilukiskan dengan komentar karakter
lain, dan implisit terlihat dari perbuatan dan
ucapan dari karakter Superman sendiri.

Gambar 2 (Jurgens, Ordways & et al, 1993: 76)

Superman – You’re the only one – Help

Us!

Secara eksplisit karakteristik pertama pada

Superman terlihat dari komentar karakter lain
bernama Mitch. Karakter Mitch dalam buku
komik the Death of Superman adalah karakter
yang tidak memiliki kekuatan super seperti
karakter Superman. Seperti gambar 2 halaman
76, Mitch meminta tolong kepada Superman
untuk membantunya, Mitch menggangap bahwa
Superman adalah pahlawan super satu-satunya
yang bisa menolong dirinya, dengan kata lain
Superman menurut Mitch adalah karakter yang
Gambar 1 Kerangka Teori
paling dominan dibanding karakter lainnya.

31
Stereotip Pahlawan Super: Perilaku Fisik Superman Di Buku Komik The Death Of Superman

Dengan meminta tolong kepada Superman, Gambar 4 (Jurgens, Ordways & et al, 1993: 80)
membuktikan bahwa Mitch percaya kepada
Superman sebagai pelindung dirinya. Hal ini
membuat Mitch yang tidak sekuat Superman
meminta tolong kepadanya. Kepercayaan I’ll take care of things, Guy—You just let the
terhadap Superman sebagai pelindung dirinya doctors help you! You there—have your
dan kota Metropolis membuat Superman menjadi local hospital contact Maxwell Lord in New
karakter yang dominan dibandingkan karakter York City for these folks medical records!
lain yang ada di buku komik the Death of
Superman. Percakapan Superman dengan pahlawan super
bernama Guy Gardner (member dari JLA, Justice
Data 2 League America) membuat Superman bukan
hanya sosok dominan tetapi seorang pemimpin di
JLA. Percakapan Superman dengan Guy terjadi
di sela-sela melawan Doomsday di Metropolis.
Superman yang melihat Guy sekarat menyuruh
Guy untuk ke rumah sakit, dan Superman akan
melawan Doomsday sendirian. Dari perilaku
Superman yang menyuruh Guy, terlihat bahwa
Superman adalah sosok pemimpin di JLA.

Gambar 3 (Jurgens, Ordways & et al, 1993: 77)

Data 4

I hear you, Kid—I just thought one of

the leaguers might be able to --! Damn!
Gardner and the rest are unconscious!
I’ve got to get back down there!

Pada data 2 Superman yang mendengar teriakan

minta tolong Mitch membuat dia mendapatkan
posisi yang sulit. Posisi sulit dimana Superman
harus memilih. Pilihan ini dihadapkan pada dua
hal, pertama melawan Doomsday atau membantu
Mitch. Dua posisi yang harus dipilih dan susah
untuk memilih karena dua-duanya sama-sama
penting. Kesusahan untuk memilih membuat
karakter Superman selalu mendapatkan masalah
dalam pengambilan keputusan karena dua hal
tersebut sama penting.
Gambar 5 (Jurgens, Ordways & et al, 1993: 94)
Data 3

There always is, but that doesn’t alter

the fact that I’ve still got to stop him …
and now I realize I have to do it alone!

Seperti data 3, pada data 4 Superman semakin

percaya diri dan berani untuk mengalahkan
Doomsday sendirian. Keberanian mengalahkan
Doomsday dipacu dengan kekalahan tim JLA
yang mengalahkan Doomsday. Guardian yang
mau ikut melawan Doomsday pun dilarang
secara halus. Penolakan dan keberanian diri
Superman melawan Doomsday memicu
Superman menjadi lebih agresif. Perilaku ini
pun membuat Superman lebih banyak

32 Adora Beata Bethari, Tatan Tawami

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

memerintah kepada karakter lain walaupun karakter itu pahlawan super juga.
Junaedi, Fajar. 2007. Komunikasi Massa
Pengantar Teoritis. Yogyakarta: Santusta.
KESIMPULAN
Levinson, R. M. 1975. From Olive Oyl to Sweet
Stereotip pada pahlawan super bukan hanya pada Polly Purebred: Sex role stereotypes and
penampilan fisik yang berotot tetapi lebih dari televised cartoons. Journal of Popular
itu. Keidealan sebagai sosok pria diwajibkan Culture.
memiliki perilaku fisik yang terstandarisasi
terhadap nilai – nilai maskulin. Standarisasi Luxemburg, Jan Van dkk. 1984. Pengantar Ilmu
perilaku fisik yang maskulin pada pahlawan Sastra (Terjemahan Dick Hartoko). Jakarta:
super terlihat pada karakter Superman. Pada Gramedia.
buku komik the Death of Superman, perilaku
karakter Superman dominan dan agresif Mayes, S. L., & Valentine, K. B. 1979. Sex role
dibanding karakter lainnya, hal ini terlihat dari stereotyping in Saturday morning cartoon
analisis bahwa Superman selalu memberikan show. Journal of Broadcasting.
perintah kepada karakter lain. Dengan tindakan
memberikan perintah kepada karakter lain, Moleong, Lexy J. 2007. “Metodologi Penelitian
mengidentifikasi Superman sebagai pemimpin Kualitatif”. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosda
dari JLA. Selain itu keberanian dan percaya diri karya.
dari Superman membuat dia sangat dominan dan
independen. Perilaku fisik Superman yang Poedjianto, Sylvia Aryani. 2014. Representasi
terbentuk sebagai pahlawan membuat dia selalu Maskulinitas Laki-Laki Infertil Dalam Film
mendapatkan situasi yang sulit, sulit untuk Test Pack Karya Ninit Yunita.
memilih mana yang harus dilakukan duluan.
Reynolds, Richard. 1992. Superheroes: A
Mengkaji hasil temuan studi ini, saran penelitian Modern Mythology. Jackson; University
lanjutan difokuskan pada pengkajian stereotip Press of Mississippi.
pahlawan super. Sebagaimana yang
Sangianglili, Ribka. 2012. Dekonstruksi dan
teridentifikasi pada buku komik the Death of
Rekonstruksi Konsep Hero dalam Film
Superman, banyak stereotip lain yang ditemukan.
Megamamind. Jakarta: Universitas
Dengan demikian tidak menutup kemungkinan
Indonesia.
stereotip lain selain di perilaku fisik
memperlihatkan fenomena stereotip pada Siswanto, Wahyudi. 2008. Pengantar Teori
pahlawan super yang dapat memperkaya Sastra. Jakarta: Grasindo.
khasanah penelitian stereotip khususnya studi
gender yang berkaitan dengan pahlawan super Sternglanz, H. and Serbin, A. 1974. Sex role
stereotyping in children’s television
programs. Developmental Pyschology.
REFERENSI Streicher, H. W. 1974. The girls in the cartoons.
Journal of Communication.
Aminuddin. 2009. Pengantar Apresiasi Puisi
Karya Sastra. Bandung: Sinar Baru Thompson, T and Zerbinos, E. 1995. Gender
Algensindo. roles in animated cartoons: Has the picture
changed in 20 years? Sex Roles.
Baker, Kaysee Anne. 2004. Who Saves the
Animated World?: the Sex-Role Stereotyping Thompson, Iain. 2005. Deconstructing the Hero.
of Superheroes and Superheroines in Jackson; University Press of Mississippi.
Children's Animated Programs.

Burton, Greame. 2012. Media dan Budaya

Populer. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.

Chafetz, Jane Saltzman. 1978. Masculine,

Feminine or Human: An Overview of the
sociology of the gender roles. F.E. Peacock
Publisher, 2nd edition.

33
Stereotip Pahlawan Super: Perilaku Fisik Superman Di Buku Komik The Death Of Superman

Biodata Penulis

Adora Beata Bethari, memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Sastra Inggris (S.S), Jurusan Sastra
Universitas Komputer Indonesia Bandung, lulus
tahun 2018.

Tatan Tawami, memperoleh gelar Sarjana

Sastra Inggris (S.S), Jurusan Sastra Inggris
Universitas Komputer Indonesia Bandung dan
lulus tahun 2006. Memperoleh gelar Magister
Hum ([Link]) Program Pasca Sarjana Magister
Linguistik Bahasa Inggris UNPAD Bandung
pada tahun 2011. Saat ini menjadi Dosen di
Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Bandung

34 Adora Beata Bethari, Tatan Tawami

Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438
[Link]

Personality Of Main Character In Jobs Film Directed By

Joshua Michael Stern

Sayyid Khairunas1, Rizky Mirani Desi Pratama2 , Esa Suci Wardani3

1
STIBA Nusa Mandiri
email: [Link]@[Link]

2
ABA BSI JAKARTA
email: [Link]@[Link]

3
ABA BSI JAKARTA
email: Echapras18@[Link]

Cara Sitasi:
Khairunas, S., Pratama, R. M. D., & Wardani, E. S. (2018). Personality of Main Character In Jobs Film Directed
By Joshua Michael Stern. Wanastra, 10(2), 35–46.

Abstract- The purpose of this analysis is to know the personality of a person through a film. the author will
discuss about the personality and nature of the main character in the film Jobs directed by Joshua Michael
Stern. this paper contains how Steve personality in this movie. What are his personality types and moral values
that can be taken and the author uses two relevant theories to analyze this film. The method of analysis is
qualitative descriptive method. The data were collected through repeated witnessing and the theory for analysis
here was obtained by books from library research and internet media in the form of electronic books. the results
of f analysis show that (1) there are five personality data shown in the film (2) are seven data of personality type
based on Goldberg's theory of Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extroversion and Neuroticism (3)
moral values can be taken from film, that people can think of it as a lesson. The study of the analysis is useful for
understanding the basic personality of each person and how good personality can affect a person's life in the
field of work.

Keyword: Film, Main Character, Personality

INTRODUCTION Personality is a description of how a person behaves

towards his surroundings, which is visible from the
Literature is the source or guideline used for various habits of thinking, attitudes and interests, as well as
types of activities in the field of education. a view of his life is [Link] in human life as
Literature is also interpreted as a reference to obtain an individual or a social being, personality always
certain information that can be a book or writing in experience the color of life. There are times when
a form other than a book .Literature is a medium happy, peaceful and happy. But life experiences
used by the author in conveying ideas and opinions prove that humans also sometimes experience things
to express his perspective on life. Through literature, bitter, anxious, frustrated and so on .This shows that
writers can write conditions that occur around the humans experience the dynamics of life.
community where he lives.
Personality is very reflective of one's behavior. We
A literary work is a creative art of the author. The can know what a person is doing in a particular
creation of a literary work as a creative imaginative situation based on our own. This is because in many
result of the author to form an imaginative world. In ways, everyone is unique, distinctive. Therefore we
the imaginative world, the author is fully in charge need a kind of frame of reference to understand and
of talking, peeling, and discussing human life. explain the behavior of ourselves and others. We
Literary works attempt to portray human life, not need to understand the definition of personality and
only in relation to other human beings, but also its how that personality is formed. For that we need
relation to itself through the relationship of inner behavioral theories, personality theories so that the
events. usual disruptions to individual personality can be
avoided.

Diterima: 29-07-18 Direvisi: 21-08-18 Disetujui:27-08-18 35

Personality Of Main Character In Jobs Film Directed By Joshua Michael Stern

Studying personality is interesting because the 3. What are the moral messages in Jobs
dynamic of knowledge about ourselves film ?
automatically increases. This is because the essence
of a human being is that which exists and grows 1. Definition of Film
with the personality that accompanies every step of
his life. Main character is a very important in the Film is a distinct medium, and every film integrates
film, with main character can support to developing various techniques into its overall form .Film
a film through personality and character of the currently records a more detailedimage and has a
person. superior look, but this shows up only in a new print
projected in awell-equipped, well-run film
In this era watching film become one of the daily theatermost being neither. Film’s advantages
activities for some people. People may have aremoot unless writing, acting, and staging are of a
different goals in watching film. such as, to add very high order. Directing methodsare identical, and
refreshing knowledge, learn a foreign language, only the scale of operations and path to completion
understand foreign culture, entertainment or are different.(Bordwell : 2008).
research. Film is an audio visual communication
media to convey a message to a group of people According Barnwell, (2008) "Film is a huge part of
who gathered in a certain place. Movie messages on our everyday lives".Not only do we spend time
mass communication can take any shape depending consumingand discussing film, it also infiltrates
on the film's mission. ourconsciousness and carves out ideas aboutthe
world and its [Link] impactof and
However, generally a film can include a variety of fascination with film is such that agreat deal has
messages, be it educational messages, entertainment been written in the area ofboth film theory and
and information. The message in the movie is to use practice.
the symbol mechanisms that exist in the human
mind in the form of message content, voice, speech, Whereas according Haase (2003) "Film is
conversation and so on. The film is also regarded as acollaborative art, with each bringing his or her
a powerful communication medium against the share to the table, and ittakes a skilled", experienced
targeted masses, due to its audio visual nature, live eye to untangle the net of who is responsiblefor the
images and sounds. With pictures and sounds, the way a film turns out.
film is able to tell a lot in a short time. When
watching a movie audience as if it can penetrate the Hunt, [Link] (2010:18), “A movie is highly
space and time that can tell the life and even can complex act of communication, and no act of
affect the audience. communication is effective unless it takes into
account how the recipient will receive it”. It
Jobs film is a movie about the personality of a means, movie is the act of communication that
person. The story in this movie starts from the story the viewer can receive the meaning from the act
of a student named Steve Jobs who quit college of communication itself.
because there is no fee for college. Then he decided
to work in a company. It was there that Jobs began So the conclusion of the film is a closed medium
his career to become a superior employee and he that has a technique for recording a picture, the film
motivated his employees to create something is also the most important part of human life
creative and other than others. depending on how human life itself utilizes it
because a movie will be interesting depending on
The purpose of the author to take the title of who can change the film. Therefore film can be the
personality is because someone's personality is biggest part of everyday human life.
something interesting to discuss, so we can know
the personality of a person through a film and take 2. Definition of Main Character
the moral message of steve personality in the Jobs
In the film a main character is the most important
film.
part because it is very influential in his running of a
Based on the background of the problems described creation.
above the problem under study as follow:
According to Sudjiman (1992), the main character
1. How are personality shown in Jobs is not determined by the frequency of appearance of
film ? characters in thestory, but the importance of
character involvement in story building events. The
2. What are factors of personality in Jobs main character in this story is Steve.
film ?
According Haven (2000) "The Main Character is
surest, easiest, and fastest road to learning study".

36 Sayyid Khairunas, Rizky Mirani Desi Pratama, Esa Suci Wardani

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

The main character is the one in the most scenes or In his book, Aspect of The Novel, Foster
the one with the most lines. This is often true, but differentiates flatcharacter from round character. A
they have the relationship backwards. It is not that flat character has a steady characteristic,
lines makes the character but rather that a character whichmeans that the characteristic does not change
may be expected to have a lot of lines or to show up from the beginning of story until the end of story.
in many scenes because they are the story's main Mean while, a round character is changing, means
character. that there is a difference of the characteristic at the
end of story (Foster, 1954).
Whereas according to De Gruyter (2010) "The main
character is the seller of the publisher rather than the According to Abrams in Nurgiyantoro (2013),
customer".So the conclusion is that the main "character is presented in a narrative work or
character is the person who holds an important role drama", which by readers interpreted to have certain
in a film work, the main character is usually more moral qualities and tendencies as expressed in
common in every scene and has a lot of dialogue speech and action .
than the others. The main character is also a key to
the success of a work of film, therefore the main According to Baldick (2001), “characters are actors
character is an important part to sell a film. in fiction or drama” . the characters can be
concluded as an actor that shown in a work, which is
Shaffer (2008:147) state, “Main character is the interpreted by the reader, have the moral quality and
leading male (female) character who generally a certain tendency as expressed in his speech and
exhibits superior qualities or who simply is the main what is done in action.
character”. It means, main character is the leader in
the story. Gill (1997: 105) “Character is person in a literary
work, whereas characterization is the way in which a
Haven (2003:82) stated, “Main character is the one character is created”. It means, character is a person
in the most scene or the one with the most lines or in literary work that created with characterization.
the person who in many scenes”. In conclusion,
main character is the person who appears almost in Headrick (2014:14) says, “ A character is a person
all scenes. presented in lyterary text”. It means, character is a
person that is being told in lyterary text.
Card (2010:64) quoted, “The main character is a
person from the writer’s and the reader’s own time Lawani (2011, 15) stated that there are 11 kind of
and place, so that the character will experience the characters:
world with the reader’s attitudes and perceptions”.
The other word, main character is the person who is 1. Flat characters have few but easily recognizable
created by the writer. traits that make them stereotypical characters.
2. A round character is someone who has more
3. Character facets to her/his personality than a flat character.
This is a character that develops through the
Character is the most obvious form of literary story and therefore, her/his qualities are difficult
representation of an individual within a larger to identify completely, right up to the end. The
imaginary situation. Character in a film can be personality of such a character is not consistent,
divided into two groups, namely major or main which makes the character more realistic than
character, and minor character."A character is a others in the piece of writing.
figure that appears in a literary work such as novel, 3. A static character's personality does not change
poetry anddrama" (Barnet, 1988). Normally, a story throughout the piece of work, and save for the
consists of several characters one or more of this initial introduction, there is not much to learn
characters. One or more of this character appears as about such a character.
the main or primary character. 4. A dynamic character is someone whose
personality changes through the course of
Character is people who are appeared in a narrative writing, due to a change in the situation or the
prose or novel and itis interpreted by the readers as a plot.
person who has moral quality and certain tendency 5. The confidant is someone the main character
such as being expressed in what they say and what confides in, and it is through these confessions
they do (Abrams,1982) .”Character is the person that the personality of the main character is
who can contribute to a story in several revealed.
ways"(Dickinson, 1996).

37
Personality Of Main Character In Jobs Film Directed By Joshua Michael Stern

6. The foil is someone who is used as a contrasting Openness to Experience. Openness to Experience
character to enhance the personality of another includes active imagination, aesthetic sensitivity,
character. attentiveness to inner feelings, a preference for
7. Often assumed to be a flat character, a stock variety, intellectual curiosity and independence of
character is actually one who represents judgement. People scoring low on Openness tend to
stereotypical personality traits which may root be conventional in behaviour and conservative in
from culture, appearance, or situations. Such outlook. They prefer the familiar to the novel, and
characters are very easy to identify. their emotional responses are somewhat muted.
8. The protagonist is the character who is central to People scoring high on Openness tend to be
the story. Though often the good guy, the unconventional, willing to question authority and
protagonist can also be the bad guy (or the anti- prepared to entertain new ethical, social and political
hero) in the story. But this protagonist is ideas. Open individuals are curious about both inner
someone the reader has to accept and and outer worlds, and their lives are experientially
understand. richer. They are willing to entertain novel ideas and
9. The antagonist, often termed as the villain of the unconventional values, and they experience both
story, is the character whom the protagonist must positive and negative emotions more keenly than do
confront and defy for victory. The antagonist closed individuals. Research has shown that
however may not only be a person, it could be a Openness to Experience is related to success in
situation that is creating an obstacle in the path consulting (Goldberg, 1990).
of the protagonist towards her/his final goal.
10. The underdog is a character who often is Being open to experience is open to experience and
underplayed in a book, say someone who is the can adapt to new things. Those who have an open
scapegoat or someone against whom all bets nature usually have a curious nature about
would have been placed in any given situation. something they don't know yet.
11. The sidekick of a character often has a weaker
personality in comparison to the character 6. Conscientiousness
her/himself. This is a person who sticks by the
character's side all the time, and usually tends to Conscientiousness refers to self-control and the
do as directed by the character. active process of planning, organizing and carrying
out tasks (Goldberg, 1990). The conscientious
4. The Factor of Personality person is purposeful, strong-willed and determined.
Conscientiousness is manifested in achievement
Personality is a pattern of behavioral, orientation (hardworking and persistent),
temperamental, emotional, and mental traits for an dependability (responsible and careful) and
individual. The role of personality dimensions in job orderliness (planful and organized). On the negative
performance researchers agree that almost all side, high Conscientiousness may lead to
personality measures could be categorised according annoying fastidiousness, compulsive neatness or
to the five-factor model of personality(also referred workaholic behavior.
to as the “big five” personality dimensions)
(Goldberg, 1990; Hogan et al., 1996). Conscientiousness is someone's very careful attitude
towards daily activities. someone who has the nature
The five personality dimensions seem to be relevant of conscientiousness tends to be very diligent and
to different cultures (McCrae &Costa, 1997) and work hard.
have been recovered consistently in factor analyses
of peer- andself-ratings of trait descriptors involving 7. Extraversion
diverse conditions, samples, and factor extraction
and rotation methods (Costa & McCrae, 1988). Extraversion includes traits such as sociability,
Research also showed that the five personality assertiveness, activity and talk. Extraverts are
factors have a genetic basis (Digman, 1989) and that energetic and optimistic. Introverts are reserved
they are probably inherited (Jang, Livesley& rather than unfriendly, independent rather than
Vernon, 1996). followers, even-paced rather than sluggish.
Extraversion is characterised by positive feelings
There is still considerable controversy in personality and experiences and is therefore seen as a positive
research over how many personality traits there are, affect (Goldberg, 1990).
but the Five Factor or OCEAN model is popular; it
is the one I chosen for this study. The five factors, Extraversion is people who have the nature of
which are orthogonal dimensions of the personality talking a lot. They also usually have the ability to
space, are openness, conscientiousness, socialize in the field of work. Someone who has
extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. the nature of talking a lot is needed in the field of
work that is required by someone to socialize.
5. Openness

38 Sayyid Khairunas, Rizky Mirani Desi Pratama, Esa Suci Wardani

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8. Agreeableness emotional stability. Neuroticism is a personality

dimension that assesses one's ability to with stand
An agreeable person is fundamentally altruistic, stress or stress.
sympathetic to others and eager to help them, and in
return believes that others will be equally helpful. Positive Characteristics of Neuroticism is called
The disagreeable/antagonistic person is egocentric, Emotional Stability (Emotional Stability),
sceptical of others’ intentions, and competitive Individuals with emotionally stable drums Calm
rather than co-operative. According to Tett et al. when faced with problems, confident, have a firm
(1991), “Agreeableness is a significant predictor of stand. (Goldberg, 1990).
job performance”. Salgado (1997) found that
Agreeableness is related to training success. The co- Neuroticism is based on a person who has high self-
operative nature of agreeable individuals may lead to confidence and never gives up. Those who have the
success in occupations where teamwork and usual nature of Neuriticism always do what they
customer service are relevant (Goldberg, 1990). want. Until everything is achieved and they tend to
be very confident in what they do.
Usually people who have an agreeableness nature
help people and are always friendly. They also tend 10. Definition of Personality
to prefer to hang out and finish their work with the
team The word personality is derived from the Latin
term persona, originally representing the
9. Neuroticism theatrical mask used by ancient dramatic
players. As amask assumed by an actor, persona
Neuroticism is a dimension of normal personality suggests a pretense of appearance, that is, the
indicating the general tendency to experience possession of traits other than those that actually
negative affects such as fear, sadness, characterize the individual behind the mask. In
embarrassment, anger, guilt and disgust. High score time, the term persona lost its connotation of
may be at risk of some kinds of psychiatric pretense and illusion and began tore present not
problems. A high Neuroticism score indicates that a the mask, but the real person’s observable or
person is prone to having irrational ideas, being less explicit features. That is, personality is viewed
able to control impulses, and coping poorly with as the patterning of characteristics across the
stress. A low Neuroticism score is indicative of entire matrix of the person. (Millon, 2004)
Personality is the complex organization of individual of those psychophysical systems that
cognitions, affects, and behaviors that givesdirection determine his characteristics behavior".
and pattern (coherence) to the person’s life. Like the
body, personality consistsof both structures and
processes and reflects both nature (genes) and RESULT AND DISCUSSION
nurture (experience).In addition, personality
includes the effects of the past, including memories 1. Summary of The Movie
of the past,as well as constructions of the present
and future. "Personality is a valid predictor of Steve Jobs is the founder of Apple. Steve Jobs quit
employee job performance, asdemonstrated college because there was no fee. Jobs was later
extensively by criterion-related validity studies". attracted to the calligraphy course. He meets his
(ChamorroPremuzic & Furnham, 2010; Ones, friend Daniel Kottke and spends time in India.
Dilchert,Viswesvaran, & Judge, 2007).
Two years later, Jobs returned to Los Altos,
Goodstein & Lanyon (1997) defines that California, Jobs working for a company called
“personality is an abstaction for those enduring of Atari. After that Steve no longer work in a
the person that are significant for his or her company called Atari.
interpersonal behavior”. According Durupinar
(2009) "Personality is a pattern of behavioral, Steve saw Wozniak make computers. Steve wants
to develop his partnership with Wozniak and plans
temperamental, emotional,and mental traits for an
to promote his work on Homebrew. They named
individual". their new company Apple Computer. Wozniak
gave Apple a demonstration to Homebrew
Whereas according to Allport ([Link], 2006)
Computer Club, Steve Jobs working with Wozniak
"Personality is the dynamic organization within the
to build a computer company in a small garage at
home with makeshift equipment. Jobs later invited

39
Personality Of Main Character In Jobs Film Directed By Joshua Michael Stern

Kottke, Bill Fernandez, Bill Atkinzon, Chris Steve : Get out ! Pack your stuff and go,
Espinosa, and Rod Holt to join the Apple team you're done .
that will make Apple I. Man : Are you firing me ?
Steve : No, I’ve fired you
Jobs and Wozniak then developed Apple II. Then
Jobs worked at a company called Aplle Computers
with his friends. Jobs served as leaders and
Managers. Apple II's sales are quite successful and
many people are interested to see [Link] developing
Lisa Jobs computer a lot of money, it's all because
Jobs wants to create a Lisa Computer perfectionist
in terms of products and design. A company board
named Arthur thought Steve had wasted Lisa's
computer development. Arthur asks Mike not to
involve Steve in Lisa's development. Then Steve
came out of the company he and his friend had Figure I. Steve is firing a Man.
founded. Mike gave Steve a new project and asked
Steve to go back to his company. Mike asks Steve From the above dialogue, Personality in this
to join the Macinthos team. scene is presented through Steve as the main
character of the Self. Because there Steve
Jobs then contacts CEO John Sculley Pepsi Co. would not listen to Burrell's opinion, let alone
John also joined Steve's company. Steve felt Burrel is the best technician in his team. From
betrayed by John Sculley, CEO of Pepsi Co. who the analysis of dialogue and scenes presented
was recruited by Steve himself. Even John became above Steve has a selfish personality according
CEO at Apple Computers company founded to Durupinar Funda that Personality is a
Steve. Steve felt hurt and left the company. behavioral pattern, temperamental, emotional,
Afterwards Steve tried to get up and cooperate and mental nature for an individual.
with his friends who had set up Apple I.
Data 2
Apple's company suffered a drop in stock after
Arthur fired John Sculley in 1993. Steve plays the In scene [Link], Steve does not want to share
Apple Computer challenger with a product called his shares to his friend kottke daniel who is
NEXT, Steve goes back to his company to regain also involved with the establishment of his
the company he once founded and eventually the company.
success came to Steve. Steve was appointed as a
board of directors and also CEO of Intern. Steve Yet Daniel should get some of his rights to get
restored the company he first established. shares. But Steve still did not want to put
September 2012 Apple Computer became the most Daniel's name into the stock list.
valuable company in the world that raised the
name of Steve Jobs. From the above dialogue, the personality in this
scene is presented through steve as the main
2. Personality in Jobs Film player "Yes, Daniel did not get anything" This
dialogue shows Steve is very selfish and based
a. Selfish on the theory according Durupinar we can
conclude that steve has selfish and emotional
Data 1 because more self- own.

In this scene. Steve asks burrel to include a font on

his computer program. But Burrel denied it on the
grounds that it was not necessary for a computer
program. But steve was still forcing burrel to put it
in. Let's see Steve has a high emotion, he does not
want to listen to Burrel's opinion. though burrell
tries to explain to Steve. Steve even asked Burrel
to get out and fire him.

Dialogue 1
Steve : If you want to share our enthusiasm Figure II. Steve and Mike are talking
and care about the vision about share distribution
of this company .
Man : No, I just do not get it .

40 Sayyid Khairunas, Rizky Mirani Desi Pratama, Esa Suci Wardani

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
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b. Perfectionist for a very expensive processor for Macinthos

prooyek that leads him. "Look at the budget and
Data 3 give me the processor!". this dialogue explains that
steve is a perfectionist person.
Scene [Link] shows Steve asks his team to
enter a font column, but burrell thinks it is not
something important. steve keep persistently
asks his team to enter a font column to show
Lisa's computer characteristics.

Dialogue
Steve : I've been telling you this font for
months.
Man : Everything we discuss here is just
a concept, sorry but the font Figure III. Steve is asking computer components
type is not an important thing. to his team
Steve : All of this is an important
thing. If you want to make Lisa
computer vision closer to From those analysis dialogue and scene which
reality? We must incorporate presented above . It can be stated that steve has a
our extraordinary personality perfectionist with theory which
characteristics. proposed by Durupinar Funda.

From the above dialogue, Personality in this scene Data 5

in Steve show as a major player which has a very
perfectionist personality. "All of this is an In scene [Link], Steve explains to his friend
important thing." If you want to make Lisa's that they should wear 512kb instead of 128kb
computer vision closer to reality, we must to develop his project. Instead they used 128kb
incorporate our extraordinary characteristics. " to develop the project.
This dialogue explains that steve is a perfectionist.
Dialogue
From those analysis dialogue and scene which Steve : I told you we should wear 512kb. We do
presented above it can be stated that steve has a not wear 512kb, but we instead use 128kb,
personality perfectionist with theory which With 128kb then we can not develop it .
proposed by Durupinar Funda.
From the above dialogue, we can conclude that
Data 4 Steve is a perfectionist person. Steve wants to
develop his project with a quality speed.
Dialogue 2 Although it is very expensive.
Steve : What are the embedded components
here ?
Burrell : Stereo 64 bits ram, 256 bits for
Motorola 6809 display.
Steve : Why not 6800 ?
Burrell : But it's an expensive processor.
Steve : Look at the budget and give me the
processor !

In scene [Link], Steve asked the Machintos team

to give him a 6800 processor, while the processor
Figure IV. Steve is explaining to her friend
was rated very expensive at his price. Steve still
wants to use that expensive processor and ask his about speed specification
team to give it to him. From those analysis dialogue and scene which
presented above . It can be stated that Steve has
From the dialogue above the personality in the a personality perfectionist with theory which
show steve is a perfectionist. Because steve asked proposed by Durupinar Funda.

41
Personality Of Main Character In Jobs Film Directed By Joshua Michael Stern

3. Factors of Personality in Jobs Movie Steve : We need to add power supply

to the casing .
a. Opennes Holt : how much is its power?
Steve : 40 watts and not noisy
This types based on Goldberg Theory, He explain Holt : what does it mean is not noisy
that openness is types of Personality which isSteve Steve : I mean quiet
trying to develop a computer creation his friend Holt : it's impossible, this thing will heat
wozniak. up. we need a fan and this thing
will not be quiet.
Data 6 Steve : that's exactly why we need you to
redesign.
Scene [Link]-00 shows that Steve tries to find
Holt : Redesigned what ?
out what is being done by his friend Wozniak.
Steve : Its power supply, You have to
Steve wanted to try to develop what his friend
add fan or anything. and must fit
Wozniak made.
into the box with this size.
Dialogue
Wozniak : This is the computer I'm working
on . pair with it for its
display.
Steve : Without wires, what do you mean
Wozniak : Yes the cable is disturbing, but
in theory this can be realized
if done .
Steve : Show me ! I don't care
this is not perfect, but
it's a big
thing.
[Link]. Steve is asking holt to add
power supply

Based on the scenes and dialogue we can conclude

that steve has a personality of oppeness, or has an
open personality to new things according to
Goldberg's theory.

Figure V. Steve tried to find out what b. Conscientiousness

Wozniak made This types based on Goldberg theory, he explain The
conscientious person is purposeful, strong-willed
Based on that scene we can conclude that Steve is and determined. Conscientiousness is manifested in
open to new things. According to Golberg's theory achievement orientation (hardworking and
oppenes are open to new things or experiences. persistent), dependability (responsible and careful)
Based on scenes and dialogue over the main and orderliness (planful and organised).
character Steve shows he is a person who is open to
experience and new things. Data 8
Data 7 In scene [Link], Steve is trying to negotiate with
Paul, Paul asks Steve to do his work in 90 days. But
In scene [Link], Steve asks Holt to help him add a with confidence Steve replied he will finish it in 60
power supply to the box, but steve wants a non-noise days.
power supply and loads it into a small box. From the
dialog above steve is a person who is open to new Based on the dialog above Steve said "I will finish it
experiences because Steve tries to make a computer in 60 days", this dialogue shows Steve is a hard-
power supply. working person.
Dialogue According to the theory of Goldberg
Steve : apple ii first form of our model, Conscientiousness is a person who works hard,
personal computer home. diligent and responsible.
Holt : and you call me, because ?

42 Sayyid Khairunas, Rizky Mirani Desi Pratama, Esa Suci Wardani

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
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Paul : I'll pay you $ 400 / machine, for 50

units in pay as you send it
here .
From the above dialogue we can conclude that steve
is a person who is able to socialize and
[Link] explains that Extraversion is a
person who has the ability to socialize and talk a lot.
Based on the scenes and dialogue above main
character steve has the ability to socialize as told by
Goldberg.
Figure VII. Steve was negotiating with Paul

d. Agreeableness
Dialogue
This types based on Goldberg Theory, He
Paul : well you have 90 days .
explain that Agreeableness is make boards.
Steve : I will finish it in 60 days

In the above scenes and dialogue can be concluded Data 10

that main character Steve is a person who will work In scene [Link], Steve calls his friends to
hard based on the theory put forward by Goldberg. join and help Steve work on his keyboard to be
sold. The above dialogue shows that Steve
c. Extraversion needs someone else's help to complete his work
and Steve needs teamwork to get his job done.
The types based on Goldberg theory,He explain
Goldberg explains in his theory Agreeableness
Extraversion includes traits such as sociability,
assertiveness, activity and talkativeness. is a person who can work together and help
each other.
Data 9

Scene [Link] shows that Steve was rejected by

Paul, but Steve tried to convince Paul to buy areve
made goods. Then, Steve negotiate with Paul and his
end Steve successfully convincing Paul to buy goods
that will be made Steve.

Dialogue
Steve : What investment will we discuss?
Paul : Gosh steve, I just say interested, not
buying.
Steve : I know, but you're not the only one Figure [Link] is inviting his friends to join
who is interested. the keyboard
Paul : Oh really I'm not the only one?
Steve : Yes, you are not the only one .
Dialogue
Paul : Very interesting, because you do not
Wozniak : We do not have 60 days to make 50
seem to be successful in
units of this thing, and you questioned
Homebrew .
the symmetrical steve .No one cares
Steve : You think we were there for the first
about the look of the board .
time? we've been around the
Steve : I care .
valley .
Wozniak : That's good, but we do not have time
Paul : All right so there is your
to fulfill your stupid promise .
area.
Steve : You're right, we need help .Woz we
Steve : I think we have the same passion,
got in trouble, We have
employers work by god,
to accommodate people in this place.
and god tells me to tell you this
Based on the scenes and dialogue can be
opportunity .
concluded main character Steve is a person
who can work together in theory according to
Goldberg.

43
Personality Of Main Character In Jobs Film Directed By Joshua Michael Stern

Data 11 Steve : Give me my own project, I'll do it

myself. I will make the best game you've
In scene [Link], Steve is trying to help his ever seen.
colleagues to build the Macintosh project, from the Man : Are you serious ? All right Steve. I
above dialogue explains that Steve has the want you to re-program some games,
personality of agreeableness that is likes to help. make me like that .

4. Moral Message in Jobs Film

From the discussion that the author describes in

the previous description obtained some moral
messages tucked into the Jobs film :

1. Don't Give Up

The film features Steve Jobs struggling from

pioneering Apple until he has to accept the
Figure IV. Steve was gathering with her bitter reality of being "kicked" by the company
colleague. he built with his friend Steve Wozniak. All of
his goals and expectations were instantly
Dialogue destroyed. Steve did not know what to do.
Man : What are you doing here ? Steve felt he had let down a lot of people and
Steve : I'm here to help build a Macintosh . almost thought to leave his home in Silicon
Valley.
e. Neuroticism But slowly his spirits returned. Little by little .
The incident took him a time. Five years later
This types based on Goldberg Theory, Neuroticism
he rose, Steve began to establish a company
is a personality dimension that assesses one's
called NeXT. Shortly after that Apple bought
ability to withstand stress or stress. Positive
NeXT and Jobs back to Apple. NeXT then
Characteristics of Neuroticism is called Emotional
became the most technological role in Apple's
Stability (Emotional Stability), Individuals with
rise. Steve was convinced that the
emotionally stable drums Calm when faced with
extraordinary events he was experiencing
problems, confident, have a firm stand. He explain
would not have happened if he had not been
that Neuroticism is types of Personality which is
fired from Apple and stopped halfway. So do
Steve is very confident he will program an
not be afraid to make big changes and never
interesting game .
give up.
Data 12
2. Follow Your Heart and Believe What
Scene [Link] shows Steve is asking a project to You Want To Do
his or her boss that he will do on his own. the
Based on a film that tells of a young man
dialog above Steve says "Give me my own project,
named Steve Jobs, Six months in his first year
I'll do it myself, I will make the best games you've
of college at Reed College, Steve Jobs decided
ever seen", this dialogue shows Steve is a
to drop out. Although the student's status has
confident person. According to Golberg
been lost, Steve Jobs remains around the
Neuroticism is a confident person.
campus environment. He follows courses such
as calligraphy classes exploring various fonts,
the variable space between letters. Although it
is very clear this class will not be useful for
future careers who want to be pursued.
Apparently, after 10 years later, typography
that Steve Jobs studied was poured into the
Macintosh to become the first computer with
beautiful typography. His decision has also led
him to success, not just because of his hard
work. Because he followed his heart and did
Figure IX. Steve is asking a project to his boss what he wanted to do."So, follow your heart
and believe what you want to do, that the dots
Dialogue you do will somehow connect to the future.

44 Sayyid Khairunas, Rizky Mirani Desi Pratama, Esa Suci Wardani

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

3. Don't Stop Innovating Alchemist.E-Jurnal Humanis,

Fakultas Sastra dan Budaya Unud,
At the beginning of his career before steve Volume 15, 27.
success, until where steve tried to develop a
computer first. Steve and his friends Barnwell, Jane. 2008. The Fundamentals of Film
continue to work on creating a variety of Making. AVA Publishing SA
computer innovations. Steve continues to
innovate to develop his computer for the Bordwell, David. 2008. Film Art. Publisher :
better. Until the end of his computer made Lisa Moore.
Steve in know many people. So do not stop
to innovate. Card, Orson Scoot. 2010. Elements of Fiction
Writing:Characters and New
[Link]: ETW Media Inc.

CONCLUSION Costa, P.T. & McCrae, R.R. (1988).

Personality in adulthood: A six-year
Personality is the nature of a person who longitudinal study of self-reports and
describes each character. Personality aims to spouse ratings on the NEO
know human beings both the nature and type of Personality Inventory. Journal of
human personality itself. General personality Personality and Social Psychology,
refers to how the individual arises and creates 54, 853-863.
an impression for the other individual.
Personality is the organization that determines Digman, J.M. (1989). Five robust trait
how a person adapts to the environment, or in dimensions: Development, stability, and
other words personality is all the way in which utility. Journal of Personality, 57, 195-
an individual interacts with others. Personality 214.
is a pattern of behavioral, temperamental,
emotional and mental traits for an individual. Durkheim, Emile. 1990. Moral Education. Jakarta:
Erlangga.
Steve's personality in this movie is that Steve
is a selfish and perfectionist person. As for Gill Richard. 1997. Mastering English Literature.
some type of personality owned Steve is London: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
hardworking, confident, persistent, easy to
socialize and always work with the team. Goldberg, L.R. (1990). An alternative
personality also greatly determines the life of “description of personality”: The big
every human being by the way they associate. five factor structure. Journal of
A good personality will produce a good Personality and Social Psychology, 59,
response and a bad personality will get a bad 12161229.
response also depends on how the person is
Haase, Cathy. 2003. Acting For Film. New
living it.
York. Publisher : Allworth Press.
Regarding the moral content of this film, the
Haedrick, Paul. 2014. The Wiley Guide to
process of the main character in the film Jobs,
Writing Essays about Literature. USA
many moral messages you give such as do not
:Jhon Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
give up in achieving success, keep trying and
trying again to succeed. Follow your heart Haven, Kendall. 2003. Super Simply Story
when you go through something and believe it Telling. USA
will produce results and continue to innovate
in creating something. [Link], Gregory. 2006. Theories of Personality.
Publisher : Stephen Rutter.

Kendal,H. 2000. Super Simple Story Telling

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Personality Of Main Character In Jobs Film Directed By Joshua Michael Stern

Millon, Theodore. 2004. Personality Disorder Using Maslow's Theory. Jurnal Ilmu
in Modern Life. Canada. Publisher : Budaya,Volume 1, 47.
John Willey.
PROFIL PENULIS
Rothmann,S. 2003. The Big Five Personality
Dimensions and Job Performance. SA Sayyid KHAIRUNAS, was born in Jakarta, 15
Journal of Industrial Psychology 69. October 1989. The second child of three is a
graduate of STBA Nusa Mandri Jakarta in 2013
Shatfer, Christina Mayers. 2008. Barron’s and is currently continuing his master degree at the
Educational series. USA:Barron’s Indraprasta PGRI University majoring Teaching
Educational Series, Inc. English and Education. Join the BSI since 2012, in
the midst of busy life, he still took time to write
Truman, Y. Kuncara, S. D.,& Setyowati, R. articles, ideas, experiences, journeys, and views via
2017. Analysis of The Main his personal blog. HP: 085710222562 and email:
Character needs in Life of PI Movie [Link]@[Link]

46 Sayyid Khairunas, Rizky Mirani Desi Pratama, Esa Suci Wardani

Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438
[Link]

Keberterimaan Antara Teks Sumber dan Teks Sasaran

Akhmad Hairul Umam

Universitas Tanri Abeng

email: [Link]@[Link]

Cara Sitasi :
Umam, A. H. (2018). Keberterimaan Antara Teks Sumber dan Teks Sasaran. Wanastra, 10(2), 47–54.

Abstract – Acceptability of the translation is one of criteria in determining the quality of translation. The
objective of this research is to describe the range of acceptability between the source and target language in the
novel of Vivaldi’s Virgin written by Barbara Quick as well as to identify the translation procedures used by the
translator. This research is translation study with descriptive qualitative method. While the data of research are
sentences taken from both the source text and the target text containing word, phrase and sentence. From the
assessment, it can be concluded that translator is capable enough to translate the sentences from the source text
into the target text. A translation can be understood as a transfer of massage from one language to another.
Translation is an attempt to convert from one form to another to retransmit messages from the source text to the
target text. Finding of this study shows that 164 data taken randomly 110 (67%) are acceptable, 33 (20%) less
acceptable, and 21 (13 %) unacceptable.

Keywords: Acceptability, Target Language, And Source Language.

PENDAHULUAN ada hubungan antara kata dan benda yang

diwakilinya dan orang bebas memberi nama kepada
Bahasa dan budaya adalah dua hal yang tidak bisa benda dan situasi yang ditemuinya. Sementara dalam
dipisahkan dan keduanya mempengaruhi ilmu semiotik yang diperkenalkan oleh Ferdinand de
penerjemahan. Sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Saussure dijelaskan bahwa sistem tanda: signified
Newmark dalam Silalahi (2009) ‘no language, no dan signifier atau signifie dan significant bersifat
culture’, artinya bahasa tidak terpisahkan dari atomistis. Makna muncul saat ada hubungan yang
budaya para penuturnya (Simatupang, 2000). Bahasa bersifat asosiasi atau in absentia antara ‘yang
sebagai sistem yang terstruktur (Structure system) ditandai’ (signified) dan ‘yang menandai’ (signifier).
sama halnya dengan sistem lain memiliki pola yang Oleh karena itu tanda adalah kesatuan dari suatu
umumnya bersifat statis (Machali, 2000). Dengan bentuk penanda (signifier) dengan sebuah ide atau
demikian, untuk menghasilkan terjemahan yang baik petanda (signified). Dengan kata lain, penanda
perlu menguasai budaya bahasa sumber dan sasaran. adalah “bunyi yang bermakna” atau “coretan yang
Hal ini sejalan dengan apa yang diungkapkan oleh bermakna”. Jadi, penanda adalah aspek material dari
Witte (1994),“They have to be biculturally bahasa yaitu apa yang dikatakan atau didengar dan
competent”. apa yang ditulis atau dibaca. Petanda adalah
gambaran mental, pikiran, atau konsep. Jadi, petanda
Pentingnya seorang penerjemah memahami budaya adalah aspek mental dari bahasa (Bertens, 2001).
dikarenakan teks merupakan suatu hasil tindak
komunikasi dengan pembaca, norma, budaya, dan Setidaknya ada tiga aspek penilaian dalam
sebagainya yang berlainan (Machali, 2000). Setiap menentukan kualitas suatu terjemahan yaitu
terjemahan baik harfiah ataupun bukan adalah hasil keakuratan (accuracy), keberterimaan
analisis pengalihan dan penyerasian yang (acceptability) dan keterbacaan (readibility).
disesuaikan dengan tindak komunikasi. Oleh karena Keakuratan berkaitan dengan kesepadanan makna
itu penerjamahan teks yang berkaitan dengan unsur antara Bahasa Sumber (BSu) dan Bahasa Sasaran
budaya harus dilakukan dengan seksama sehingga (BSa). Pesan yang disampaiakan harus akurat, sama
tidak menimbulkan perspektif dan makna yang makna. Kesepadanan makna di sini bukan hanya
berbeda. sekedar bentuknya tetapi pesan, ide gagasan pada
BSu tersampaikan pada BSa. Kesepadanan ini juga
Bahasa sebagai sistem bunyi bersifat manasuka bukan berarti penerjemahan kata perkata, melainkan
(arbitrar) disusun secara manasuka pula sehingga keseluruhan ide atau pesan. Ketepatan di sini
timbul kata yang membawa makna tertentu. bermakna bahwa terjemahan yang berkualitas adalah
Mengingat sifat bahasa yang manasuka, maka tidak terjemahan yang menyampaikan informasi atau

Diterima: 20-07-18 Direvisi: 03-09-18 Disetujui: 04-09-18 47

Keberterimaan Antara Teks Sumber dan Teks Sasaran

pesan dari BSu secara benar, tepat, dan jujur sesuai Skala Definisi Kesimpulan
dengan maksud dari pengarang BSu. Informasi yang
disampaikan tidak ada yang tertinggal, tidak ada 3 Terjemahan terasa alamiah; Berterima
yang bertambah, dan tidak ada yang berbeda. istilah teknis yang
Pembaca dapat memahami hasil karya terjemahan digunakan dalam novel
itu dengan mudah serta sesuai dengan pesan yang akrab bagi pembaca: kata,
terkandung didalamya. frasa, klausa, dan kalimat
yang digunakan sudah
Aspek keberteriamaan adalah erat kaitannya dengan sesuai dengan kaidah-
derajat kewajaran suatu teks terjemahan terhadap kaidah bahasa Indonesia
norma, kaidah dan budaya BSa. Terjemahan yang
memiliki tingkat keberteriaman tinggi menghasilkan 2 Pada umumnya terjemahan Kurang
terjemahan yang alamiah, luwes dan tidak kaku. sudah terasa alamiah; Berterima
Sementetara aspek keterbacaan dalam penilaian namun ada sedikit
suatu terjemahan berkaitan dengan mudah tidaknya masalah pada penggunaan
suatu teks terjemahan dapat dipahami. Tingkat istilah teknis atau terjadi
keterbacaan yang tinggi diukur apabila suatu teks sedikit kesalahan
terjemahan bisa dipahami dan dimengerti oleh gramatikal.
pembaca BSa. Biasanya faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi keterbacaan antara lain panjang rata- 1 Terjemahan tidak alamiah Tidak
rata kalimat, jumlah kata-kata baru, dan atau terasa seperti karya Berterima
kompleksitas gramatika dari bahasa yang digunakan. terjemahan; istilah teknis
Ketiganya; keakuratan, keberterimaan dan yang digunakan tidak
keterbacaan- mempunyai peranan penting dalam berterima
menentukan kualitas suatu terjemahan. Ketiga aspek
penilaian kualitas terjemahan tersebut dikenalkan Sumber: Nababan (2004) dengan modifikasi
oleh Nababan (2006).
Keberterimaan mengarah pada kelaziman dan
Keberterimaan hasil terjemahan adalah suatu proses kealamiahan teks terjemahan dalam BSa sesuai
yang berhubungan dengan kemampuan untuk dengan kaidah dan norma kebahasaan pembaca BSa.
memindahkan makna dari suatu bahasa ke bahasa Teks tersebut harus dapat diterima dan dipahami
lain. Keberterimaan dalam penerjemahan merupakan maksudnya oleh pembaca sasaran. Pembaca akan
hal penting untuk menghasilkan terjemahan yang memahami makna yang terkandung dalam kalimat-
baik. Makna yang ada dalam teks sumber harus bisa kalimat yang membentuk suatu teks terjemahan dan
diterima saat diterjemahkan ke teks sasaran baik kemudian mengaitkannya dengan konteks situasi
dalam tataran makna ataupun juga dalam tataran teks tersebut. Istilah keberterimaan (acceptability)
bentuknya. Idealnya sebelum melakukan ini juga digunakan untuk menyatakan ketaatan
penerjemahan, seorang penerjemah perlu terjemahan pada aturan linguistik dan norma tekstual
mengetahui untuk siapa (audience design) dan untuk bahasa sasaran. Toury memberikan gagasan bahwa
tujuan apa (needs analysis) dia menerjemahkan. suatu terjemahan akan menjadi adequate jika norma
Proses ini merupakan salah satu tahapan yang tidak yang diikuti berasal dari budaya dan bahasa sumber,
dapat diabaikan dalam melakukan penerjemahan sedangkan terjemahan tersebut disebut berterima
sehingga dia bisa menentukan metode, prosedur dan (acceptable) jika norma yang diikuti berasal dari
ideologi penerjemahan yang akan digunakan. budaya dan bahasa sasaran (Munday, 2001).

Konsep penerjemahan dapat dipahami sebagai

reproduksi pesan yang tekandung dalam BSu. Hoed
(2006) mengutip pernyataan Basnett dan Lefevere METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
menyatakan bahwa apapun tujuannya, setiap
Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif
reproduksi selalu dibayangi oleh ideologi tertentu.
dengan menganalisa ungkapan bahasa Inggris dan
Ideologi dalam penerjemahan adalah prinsip atau
keyakinan tentang betul-salah dan baik-buruk dalam terjemahannya lalu dianalisis berdasarkan tingkat
penerjemahan, yakni terjemahan seperti apa yang keberterimaan antara teks sumber dan teks sasaran.
Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif
terbaik bagi masyarakat pembaca BSa atau
deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik mencari data,
terjemahan seperti apa yang cocok dan disukai
mengumpulkan, dan menganalisisnya. Data yang
masyarakat tersebut.
dikumpulkan berwujud kata-kata dalam kalimat atau
Sementara instrumen keberterimaan (acceptability) gambar yang mempunyai arti lebih dari sekedar
terjemahan dapat dijelaskan dalam tabel berikut ini: angka atau jumlah (Sutopo, 2002). Sementara data
dalam penelitian ini berupa kata-kata yang diambil
Tabel 1. Instrumen Tingkat Keberterimaan secara acak dalam sebuah novel Vivaldi’s Virgins

48 Akhmad Hairul Umam

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

karya Barbara Quick yang diterbitkan oleh digunakan sudah sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah
HarperCollin Publishers 2007. bahasa Indonesia. Diantara contoh keberterimaan
penerjemahan antara TSu dan TSa ini dapat
Teknis penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tiga tahap. dijelaskan di bawah ini:
Pertama membaca referensi dan hasil penelitian
yang terkait untuk mempertajam pemahaman penulis Tabel 2. Terjemahan Berterima
tentang konsep penerjemahan. Kedua menganalisa
teks dengan melihat tingkat keberterimaan antara No Teks Sumber Teks Sasaran
Tsu dan Tsa. Ketiga menyampaikan hasil penelitian
terkait temuan yang menjadi fokus pembahasan. 1 I shouted at her. Aku berteriak
“I wash my hands kepadanya. “Aku tak
Sementara instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah of you”! And with ikut campur dalam
peneliti sendiri dengan berusaha memahami teks that, I turned my masalahmu”! Setelah
sebaik-baiknya, mengumpulkan data, mengolah data back and ran itu aku membalikkan
dan menganalisa data. Peneliti juga menggunakan farther into the punggungku dan berlari
kamus linguistik dan kamus besar bahasa Indonesia forest. (P. 118) jauh menuju hutan. (P.
untuk memberikan gambaran yang tepat tentang 119)
makna antara teks sumber dan teks sasaran. Adapun
pengujiannya didasarkan pada hasil penelitian 2 La Befana added, La Befana
dengan kajian pustaka, ketekunan pengamatan, dan as if the words menambahkan,
pencatatan. tasted of bile, kata-kata yang seolah
“kissing her terasa empedu, “sedang
lover!” (P. 206). mencium kekasihnya,”
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN (P. 203).

Setelah membandingkan dan menganalisis teks

sumber dan teks sasaran pada novel Vivaldi’s
Virgin, secara keseluruhan data hasil terjemahan ini Penjelasan Tabel 2. Contoh Kalimat Nomor 1
dinilai mempunyai tingkat keberterimaan yang
tinggi. Berdasarkan data sampling dari 164 data, Frasa ‘wash my hand’ yang terdapat dalam tabel 2
terdapat 110 data (67%) kategori berterima, 33 pada contoh 1 mempunyai penerjemahan yang
(20%) kurang berterima, dan 21 (13%) tidak berterima dalam TSa. Keberterimaan tersebut
berterima. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini disebabkan oleh adanya kesesuaian makna antara
menyimpulkan bahwa terjemahan ini frasa ‘wash my hand’ apabila dibandingkan dengan
mengindikasikan bahwa sebagian besar teks konteks kalimat tersebut. Frasa ‘wash my hand‘
terjemahan sudah berterima dan teks terjemahannya dalam kalimat contoh di atas mengandung makna
terasa alamiah dan pembaca mudah memahaminya. figuratif, bukan makna harfiah. Ungkapan metafora
Hasil penilaian tingkat keberterimaan terjemahan ini semacam ini juga dikenal dalam Tsa sehingga
secara keseluruhan dapat dilihat pada grafik 1 pembaca mudah memahami makna dari teks
berikut ini. terjemahan tersebut. Pembaca untuk memahami
pesan dari ungkapan metafora ini tidak perlu
Grafik 1. Keberterimaan Terjemahan memahami konteks penyusun dari kalimat ini.

Sebagai unsur bahasa yang memiliki makna

figuratif, frasa ‘wash my hand’: ‘tak ikut campur
masalahmu’ dikenali sebagai citra metafora, kata
frasa ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan topik
metafora tersebut, atas dasar kemiripan yang
dimiliki oleh frasa ‘wash my hand ‘dengan topik
metafora yaitu kata ganti ‘I’ yang mengacu pada
Maria del Violin. Kalimat ‘I wash my hand’ jika
diterjemahkan secara harfiah menjadi ‘saya mencuci
tangan’ adalah ungakapan figuratif dengan maksud
metaforanya ‘Tak ikut campur masalahmu’.
Pemadanan kalimat metafora ini merupakan sikap
pelepasan dan pelarian dari rasa tanggungjawab dari
1. Terjemahan Berterima
suatu masalah yang sedang dihadapi.
Suatu terjemahan dikatakan berterima apabila suatu
teks terjemahan tersebut terasa alamiah, istilah Ungkapan metafora pada contoh (1) di atas
teknis yang digunakan lazim digunakan dan akrab memperoleh terjemahan berupa metafora juga dalam
bagi pembaca, kata, frasa, klausa, dan kalimat yang Tsa dengan citra yang berbeda ‘wash my hand’

49
Keberterimaan Antara Teks Sumber dan Teks Sasaran

diterjemahkan menjadi ‘tidak ikut campur dalam metafora sumbernya dalam Tsu. Penambahan kata
masalahmu’. Topik metafora ini tidak disebutkan ‘seolah terasa’ di antara topik dan citra metafora
secara eksplisit sedangkan citranya adalah ‘wash my tersebut memperjelas pesan yang hendak
hand’. Penerjemahan metafora Tsu menjadi disampaikan, yakni perasaan sulit untuk
metafora dengan citra dan tipe perbandingan yang mengungkapkan kata-kata bagi La Befana. Adapun
sama dalam Tsa dapat menghasilkan terjemahan konteks tempat simile tersebut, juga membantu
yang sepadan. pembaca Bsa memahami pesan yang terdapat dalam
simile yang menjadi terjemahan Tsu.
Sementara prosedur penerjemahan teks metafora di
atas, ditemukan modulasi berupa penggeseran sudut Sementara dilihat dari prosedur penerjemahannya,
pandang, struktur kalimat TSu yang mempunyai penerjemahan simile menjadi simile merupakan
makna positif menjadi negatif dan modulasi bebas. modulasi yaitu modulasi bebas berupa eksplisitasi
Frasa ‘wash my hand’ yang secara harfiah ‘mencuci perbandingan melalui penggunaan kata ‘seolah’.
tangan’ diterjemahkan menjadi ‘tidak iku campur Selain itu, juga ditemukan prosedur transposisi yang
dalam masalahmu’. Pada TSa terdapat eksplisitasi mengakibatkan penggeseran intrasistem dan
berupa kata ‘masalahmu’ yang tidak ada dalam TSu penggeseran unit, yaitu pada penerjemahan ‘tested of
dengan tujuan untuk memberikan penegasan dan bile’ menjadi ‘terasa empedu’. Preposisi ‘of’ dalam
kewajaran dalam bahasa sasaran. Tsa memperoleh padanan zero. Penggeseran ini
disebabkan oleh kekurangwajaran penggunaan
Penjelasan Tabel 2. Contoh Kalimat Nomor 2 nominal dengan preposisi ‘dari’ sebagai terjemahan
‘of’ dalam Tsa. Sehingga ‘tested of bile’ tidak
Ungkapan frasa ‘words tested of bile’: kata-kata diterjemahkan menjadi ‘terasa dari empedu’
terasa empedu, yang terdapat dalam contoh (2) di melainkan ‘terasa empedu’.
atas mendapatkan terjemahan yang berterima. Kata
‘words’, pada pada konteks kalimat di atas mengacu
perkataan La Befana yang sama sekali tidak ada
kaitannya dengan empedu. Dengan demikian, 2. Terjemahan Kurang Berterima
kalimat di atas mengandung makna figuratif bukan
makna harfiah. Terjemahan kurang berterima merujuk pada
terjemahan yang pada umumnya sudah terasa
Sebagai ungkapan kebahasaan yang mengandung alamiah, namun ada sedikit masalah pada
makna figuratif, kalimat di atas memperlihatkan penggunaan istilah teknis atau terjadi sedikit
perbandingan yang eksplisit berupa simile. kesalahan gramatikal. Terjemahan dianggap kurang
Perbandingan ini dapat dijelaskan dengan berterima apabila bahasa yang digunakan pada
menguraikan unsur-unsur penyusun metafora terjemahan kurang sesuai dengan aturan bahasa
menjadi topik, citra dan titik kemiripan. Topik dari sasaran, pilihan kata kurang memasyarakat dan
metafora di atas adalah ‘words’: kata-kata. Citra kurang dikenali, serta ada kata atau istilah yang
metafora simile ini adalah ‘bile’: empedu. Titik kurang wajar. Terdapat sebanyak 33 data yang
kemiripan antara topik dan citra disebutkan secara tergolong sebagai terjemahan yang kurang
eksplisit berupa perumpamaan yang seperti berterima, diantaranya:
‘empedu’. Perumpamaan semacam ini adalah
ungkapan yang terasa sulit diutarakan dan Tabel 3. Terjemahan Kurang Berterima
diekspresikan karena mengangdung makna yang
pahit baik bagi penutur ataupun pendengarnya. No Teks Sumber Teks Sasaran
Kesusahan untuk mengungkapkan kata ini sama
halnya dengan rasa empedu yang sangat pahit. 1 Not yet-the old Belum, jangan
bat will be sekarang, sang
Metafora bentuk simile pada contoh 2 di atas watching from the kelelawar tua itu masih
memperoleh terjemahan berupa simile juga dengan window until we terus mengawasi kita
citra yang sama dan eksplisitasi simile berupa ‘as reach the hingga kita sampai di
if’: seolah. Perbandingan antara topik: ‘as if words’: embankment. tapal batas bangunan
kata­kata dan citranya ‘of bile: seolah terasa empedu (P.40) ini. (Hlm. 41)
dalam Tsa dieksplisitkan dengan menambahkan kata
‘seolah’. Titik kemiripan antara topik dan citra tetap 2 “Must I write it in Pastor! Haruskah aku
dibiarkan eksplisit dalam Tsu. my own blood, menulis lagu ini dengan
Padre, or will you darahku sendiri? Atau
Penerjemahan metafora bentuk simile di atas lend me some kamu akan
menjadi simile dengan menggunakan citra yang ink” (P. 249) meminjamkan pena?
sama dapat menghasilkan terjemahan yang sepadan. (Hlm. 247)
Pembaca Bsa dapat memahami pesan yang terdapat
dalam simile seperti pembaca Tsu memahami

50 Akhmad Hairul Umam

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P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

Penjelasan Tabel 3. Contoh Kalimat Nomor 1 dengan topik yang dijelaskannya merupakan sebuah
perbandingan. Pada contoh 2 di atas, topik
Sebagai ungkapan kebahasaan yang mengandung metaforanya tidak dinyatakan secara eksplisit. Akan
makna figuratif, kalimat contoh 1 di atas dapat tetapi, dengan menelusuri konteksnya dapat
dikenali sebagai metafora karena kalimat tersebut diketahui bahwa topik yang dibicarakan dalam
memperlihatkan perbandingan yang implisit, yang metafora itu adalah seorang penyair yang bernama
merupakan esensi dari sebuah metafora. Libretto. Pembaca Bsu memahami metafora dengan
Perbandingan itu dapat dijelaskan dengan citra ‘my own blood’; darahku tersebut sebagai
menguraikan unsur-unsur penyusun metafora ungkapan untuk menunjukkan sikap kekesalan pada
sebagai berikut. Topik yang dibicarakan dalam orang lain dengan cara melebih-lebihkan yang
metafora di atas adalah tersembunyi yang bisa sebenarnya kalau dilakukan tidak mungkin bisa
dikenali dengan melihat konteks kalimat sebelumnya dilakukan. Ungkapan ini muncul dari sang Penyair
yang berupa Matteo. Sedangkan citranya ’old bat’. lantaran tidak adanya alat lain yang bisa digunakan
Jadi Matteo dibandingkan dengan ’old bat’ atas untuk bisa menulis lagu.
dasar kemiripan tertentu. Titik kemiripan tersebut
tidak disebutkan secara eksplisit. Penyebab terjemahan tersebut dikategorikan kurang
berterima adalah terletak pada kesalahan teknis pada
Apabila memperhatikan konteks kata kelelawar tua, pemberian tanda baca kalau dilihat TSa setelah kata
titik kemiripan dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut. ‘Pastor’ penerjemah memberikan tanda seru (!)
Kelelawar adalah sejenis binatang yang mempunyai sementara dalam Tsu hanya berupa tanda baca
dua sayaf besar yang dikonotasikan dengan sorban ‘koma’. Penerjemah terlalu berorientasi pada TSa
dan kelelawar tidak bisa berjalan cepat, hal ini untuk menciptakan ungkapan yang wajar
digambarkan dengan sosok Matteo yang jalannya berdasarkan asumsi atau penafsiran konteks lain
tertatih-tatih. dalam TSu yang sebenanrya tidak perlu dilakukan.

Penerjemahan ungkapan metafora di atas Dilihat dari segi prosedur penerjemahannya, citra
memperoleh terjemahan berbentuk metafora juga tersebut mengalami modulasi yang berupa
dengan citra yang sama. Namun terjemahan tersebut implisitasi dan tranposisi yaitu penggeseran struktur.
dikategorikan kurang berterima yang penyebabnya Artikel ‘in’ dalam bahasa Tsa mempunyai padanan
terletak pada pengulangan/penambahan kata yang zero sedangkan frase ‘my own blood’ yang
semakna. Kata ‘jangan sekarang’ setelah kata bestruktur MD dalam Tsu menjadi DM dalam Tsa.
‘Belum’ sebenarnya tidak perlu dimunculkan karena Implisitasi artikel ‘in’ dalam Tsa bertujuan untuk
artinya sudah jelas. Penambahan kata ini oleh menjadikan kalimat menjadi ungkapan yang wajar.
penerjemah justru membuat kalimat tidak efektif. Adapun penggeseran struktur pada penerjemahan
Bisa jadi maksud penerjemahan adalah dengan contoh (2) di atas merupakan penggeseran wajib dan
tujuan menciptakan ungkapan yang wajar otomatis yang disebabkan karena tuntutan kaidah
berdasarkan asumsi atau penafsiran konteks lain Bsa.
dalam TSu yang sebenanrya tidak perlu dilakukan.

Sementera dari segi prosedur penerjemahan,

metafora tersebut mengalami transposisi berupa 3. Tejermahan Tidak Berterima
penggeseran struktur dari DM (the old bat) menjadi
MD (sang kelelawar itu) dan penggeseran kelas. Terjemahan tidak berterima identik dengan
Pada contoh 2 di atas artikel ‘the’ yang merupakan terjemahan tidak alamiah atau terasa seperti karya
artikel takrif diterjemahkan menjadi ‘itu’ yang terjemahan; istilah teknis yang digunakan tidak
dalam Bsa tergolong pronominal penunjuk. lazim digunakan dan tidak akrab bagi pembaca, kata,
Penggeseran ini disebabkan karena dalam Bsa tdak frasa, klausa, dan kalimat yang digunakan tidak
terdapat takrif untuk menggantikan ‘the’. Perubahan sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah bahasa Indonesia.
baik penggeseran struktur dan kelas ini merupakan Pada umumnya ketidakberterimaan terjemahan
suatu tuntutan yang berlaku dalam kaidah Bsa. yang tedapat BSa disebabkan oleh ketidakhadiran
subjek atau predikat kalimat atau klausa,
Penjelasan Tabel 3. Contoh Kalimat Nomor 2 ketidakhadiran klausa utama dan penggunaan istilah
yang tidak lazim. Dari 164 data, terjemahan yang
Kalimat pada contoh 2 merupakan ungkapan kiasan tidak berterima terdapat 21 data terjemahan
yang samasekali bukan menggambarkan makna dianggap tidak berterima.
sebenarya yaitu menulis dengan ‘darahku sendiri’.
Dengan demikian, frasa ‘my own blood’ itu tidak Tabel 4. Terjemahan Tidak Berterima
memiliki makna harfiah tetapi makna figuratif. Frasa
‘my own blood’ merupakan citra metafora yang No Teks Sumber Teks Sasaran
digunakan untuk menggambarkan unsur lain, yaitu
topik metafora itu. Hubungan antara ‘my own blood’

51
Keberterimaan Antara Teks Sumber dan Teks Sasaran

1 It put me in mind Rambutnya nampak Tsu dengan melihat konteks yang ada di kalimat
of flames of Hell seperti kobaran api sebelumnya yaitu ‘frightened me’: menakutkan saya.
(P.3) neraka (Hlm. 3) Konotasi ‘api neraka’ jelas menunjukkan makna
negatif dan sangat menakutkan bagi setiap orang
2 With my arms Dengan seluruh jiwaku yang mendengar dan melihatnya.
wrapped around yang telah
my music and membungkus musik Kalimat ‘it put me in mind’ oleh penerjemah dalam
music wrapped dan musik Tsa diterjemahkan menjadi ‘rambutnya nampak’
around my heart, membungkus hatiku, yang jika ditelusuri dalam Tsu tidak ditemukan
I knew that I aku tahu selain musik padanannya. Jika diperhatikan terjemahan tersebut
would want for tak ada lagi yang aku hanya berupa klausa. Dengan kata lain tidak muncul
nothing. (P. 236) inginkan di dunia ini. klausa utama sehingga informasi yang disampaikan
(Hlm. 233) belum lengkap. Padahal pembaca berhak
mengetahui informasi yang dihilangkan tersebut.
Penghilangan boleh dilakukan dalam penerjemahan
namun tidak menghilangkan informasi atau pesan
Penjelasan Tabel 4. Contoh Kalimat Nomor 1 Tsu. Penghilangan lazim dilakukan pada hal-hal
yang bukan substansial dari teks yang
Sebagai ungkapan kebahasaan yang mengandung diterjemahkan. Sementara penyebab terjemahan
makna figuratif, kalimat contoh (1) di atas dapat tersebut dikategorikan tidak berterima karena
dikenali sebagai metafora karena kalimat tersebut ungkapan tersebut hanya berupa klausa dan tidak
memperlihatkan perbandingan yang implisit yang ada klausa utama akibatnya informasi yang
merupakan esensi dari metafora. Perbandingan ini disampaikan tidak lengkap. Hal ini juga disebabkan
dapat dijelaskan dengan menguraikan unsur-unsur ketidakhadiran subjek atau predikat, klausa atau
penyusun metafora tersebut sebagai berikut. Topik kalimat.
yang dibicarakan dalam metafora di atas adalah ‘It’
(kata ganti yang mengacu pada rambut Don Antonio Penerjemahan melakukan penambahan kata dengan
Vivaldi) sedangkan citranya adalah ‘flame of Hell’: tujuan menciptakan ungkapan yang wajar
kobaran api neraka. Titik kemiripan dari ungkapan berdasarkan asumsi atau penafsiran konteks lain
metafora ini disebutkan secara eksplisit dalam dalam TSu yang sebenanrya tidak perlu dilakukan.
kalimat sebelumnya yaitu ‘frightened me’: Pada kalimat sesudahnya, ditemukan tranposisi yang
‘menakutkan saya’. Citra metafora berupa ‘kobaran berupa penggeseran intrasistem, preposisi ‘of’ pada
api’ ini menunjukkan suatu kesan jika rambut frasa ‘frame of Hell’ dalam Tsa diterjemahkan
Vivaldi tidak tersisir secara rapi, warnanya merah menjadi zero. Penggeseran ini dilakukan karena
tua mirip api dan membuat siapapun yang tuntutan struktur dan kaidah Bsa. Dalam Bsa terasa
melihatnya akan berpikiran negatif bahkan kurang wajar jika frasa tersebut diterjemahkan
cenderung takut seperti halnya api neraka yang menjadi ‘lidah dari neraka’.
digambarkan dengan sesuatu yang menakutkan.
Sementera dari segi prosedur penerjemahannya,
Titik kemiripan dari metafora ini dapat dilihat dari metafora tersebut di atas mengalami penggeseran
kalimat teks setelahnya yaitu rambut yang dimiliki sudut pandang dan modulasi bebas berupa
oleh Don Antonio Vivaldi berwarna merah dan eksplisitasi perbandingan dengan menggunakan kata
membuat para siswa merasa takut. Dan pada kalimat ‘seperti’ sekaligus mengubah bentuk metafora
berikutnya juga diperjelas dengan kalimat: bahwa menjadi simile
suaranya yang terdengar tidak sabar
menggambarkan kalau Vivaldi bukanlah orang yang Penjelasan Tabel 4. Contoh Kalimat Nomor 2
memiliki kasih sayang terhadap ana-anak.
Frasa ’wrapped around’ tidak berterima secara
Metafora pada contoh (1) di atas memperoleh harfiah. Ketidakbeterimaan tersebut disebabkan oleh
terjemahan berupa simile yang ditandai dengan adanya ketidaksesuaian semantis diantara
pengeksplisitan perbandingan antara topik dan citra unsur-unsur penyusun kalimat dilihat dari konteks
melalui penggunaan kata seperti. Citra yang sama pembentukannya. Ketidaksesuaian semantis itu
yaitu ‘kobaran api neraka’ tetap digunakan dalam dapat dijelaskan sebagai barikut.
bentuk terjemahannya. Tipe perbandingan simile
dalam Tsa sama dengan tipe perbandingan metafora Kata ‘wrapped around’, pada pada konteks kalimat
Tsu yaitu perbandingan dengan titik kemiripan yang di atas merupakan citra dari ’arm’: jiwa yang telah
eksplisit. Penerjemahan metafora Tsu menjadi simile membungkus. Secara harfiah, kata ’membungkus
dalam Tsa merupakan salah satu cara untuk musik’ tidak tepat penggunaannya. Dengan
mencapai terjemahan yang sepadan. Pesan yang demikian, kalimat di atas mengandung makna
terdapat dalam metafora contoh (1) di atas dapat figuratif, bukan makna harfiah. Sebagai kalimat
dipahami oleh pembaca Tsa sebagaimana pembaca yang mengandung makna figuratif

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kalimat tersebut memperlihatkan perbandingan yang KESIMPULAN

implisit, sehingga dapat digolongkan ke dalam
metafora. Perbandingan ini dapat dilihat dengan jelas Berdasarkan analisa terhadap keberterimaan antara
dengan menguraikan unsur-unsur penyusun metafora teks sumber dan teks sasaran pada terjemahan novel
itu, yaitu topik, citra dan titik kemiripannya. Vivaldi’s Virgin, peneliti menemukan tingkat
keberterimaan teks tersebut terbilang tinggi dengan
Topik metafora itu adalah ’arms’: jiwa sedangkan indikasi teks terjamahan dalam bahasa sasaran (BSa)
citranya adalah ’wrapped oround’: membungkus. terasa alamiah dan wajar sehingga pembaca mudah
Titik kemiripan antara topik dan citra tidak memahami dari pesan yang tertulis dalam novel
disebutkan secara eksplisit. Akan tetapi dengan tersebut. Tingkat perbandingannya berdasarkan data
menelusuri konteksnya dapat diketahui bahwa titik sampling dari 164 data, terdapat 110 data (67%)
kemiripan antara topik dan citra pada metafora kategori berterima, 33 (20%) kurang berterima, dan
sebelumnya adalah penyatuan yang sangat dalam 21 (13%) tidak berterima.
sehingga sukar untuk dipisahkan. Konteks dalam
ungkapan kal imat tersebut menjelaskan bahwa Anna Secara umum, peneliti mengamati terjemahan
Maria del Violin terlihat tertutup untuk menyukai dikategorikan kurang berterima dan tidak berterima
orang lain selain musik yang telah menjadi bagian cenderung disebabkan oleh penggunaan kalimat yang
dari hidupnya. Musik bagi dia, tidak hanya sebagai tidak gramatikal, kesalahan ketik, dan penggunaan
kesenangan tapi juga teman pendamping yang bisa istilah asing yang tampaknya belum akrab bagi
menghibur jiwa dan raganya. pembaca, kolokasi yang tidak tepat, kata bahasa
Indonesia yang belum lazim bagi pembaca.
Bentuk terjemahan metafora di atas memperoleh
terjemahan yang berupa metafora juga, dengan citra Terjemahan yang baik dan berkualitas biasanya
yang beda yaitu ‘arms’ yang secara harfiah: tangan dihasilkan oleh penerjemah yang memiliki
mendapatkan terjemahan menjadi: ’jiwa’. kompetensi kebahasaan, tekstual, bidang ilmu, dan
Ketidakcocokan kolokasi dan tipe perbandingan budaya. Secara keseluruhan, penerjemahan
metafora terjemahan dalam Tsa juga sama dengan uangkapan dalam novel ini baik dalam kata, frasa dan
ketidakcocokan kolokasi dan tipe perbandingan kalimat Tsu ke dalam Tsa sudah mencapai
metafora Tsu, yaitu ketidakcocokan kolokasi keberterimaan yang cukup tinggi. Dengan kata lain
tersembunyi dengan titik kemiripan implisit. sudah terdapat kesesuaian. Hampir semua teks
bahasa sumber diterjemahkan menjadi terjemahan
Sementara penyebab terjemahan tersebut yang berterima dalam bahasa sasarannya. Meskipun
dikategorikan tidak berterima terletak pada ada beberapa kalimat dalam bentuk metafora dalam
penggunaan istilah ‘membungkus’ yang terasa tidak bahasa sumbernya diterjemahkan menjadi kalimat
alamiah bagi pembaca TSa. Kata ‘membungkus’ yang bukan metafora dalam bahasa sasarannya,
tidak umum apabila digunakan untuk disandingkan tetapi itu sangat sedikit. Sebaliknya ada juga kalimat
dengan kata ‘jiwa’ dan ‘musik’. Seharusnya, kata dalam bentuk metafora dalam bahasa sumber yang
‘wraped around’ tidak diterjemahkan secara kata tidak diterjemahkan menjadi metafora dalam bahasa
perkata (semantis) yang membuat hasil sasarannya. Penerjemah telah menggunakan metode
terjemahannya kurang wajar. Sebagai alternatif dapat yang sesuai dengan jenis teks novel yaitu metode
digantaikan dengan ‘menyelimuti jiwaku’ dari pada semantis dengan mengedepankan keterbacaan dan
‘membungkus jiwaku. Pergantian kata ini membuat keberterimaan pada teks sasaran.
ungkapan teraasa lebih wajar dan muda dipahami
oleh pembaca.

Sementara dilihat dari segi prosedur penerjemahan, REFERENSI

dalam metafora Tsu ke dalam Tsa terjadi prosedur
modulasi bebas. Modulasi bebas yang berupa Bertens, K. 2001. Filsafat Barat Kontemporer.
penggeseran sudut pandang. Kata ‘arms’ secara Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
harfiah ’tangan’, oleh penerjemah dalam Tsa
diterjemahkan menjadi ‘jiwa’ yang jika ditelusuri Eugene A. Nida, and Charles R. Taber.1974. The
dalam Tsu tidak ditemukan padanannya. Akan tetapi, Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden:
konsep tersebut ada dalam Tsu dan dieksplisitkan E.J. Brill, 1974.
dalam Tsa dengan tujuan menciptakan ungkapan
Hoed. B.H, Tresnati S.S dan Rochayah M.1993.
kalimat yang wajar. Titik kemiripan dalam contoh di
“Pengetahuan Dasar tentang Terjemahan”
atas tidak disebutkan dengan jelas. Dengan demikian,
Lintas Bahasa No.1: 1-35 Jakarta: Pusat
penerjemahan ini dapat digolongkan dengan kolokasi
Penerjemahan FSUI.
tersembunyi
Hornby, AS. 2007. Oxford advanced Learners’
.
Dictionary of Current English. London:
Oxford University Press. Walton Street.

53
Keberterimaan Antara Teks Sumber dan Teks Sasaran

Kridalaksana, Harimurti. 1993. Kamus Linguistik.

Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama

Machali, Rochayah.1998. Redefining Textual

Equivalence in Translation with Special
Reference to Indonesian-English. Jakarta:
Pusat Penerjemahan Universitas Indonesia.

Machali, R.2000. Pedoman Bagi Penerjemah.

Jakarta: Grasindo

M.R. Nababan, 2008. Equivalence in Translation:

Some Problem-Solving Strategies, 2008.
(Diunduh dari: [Link] Translation Article
Knowledge)

Newmark, P.1981. Approach to Translation. Oxford:

Pergamon Press

Simatupang, Maurits. 2000. Pengantar Teori

Penerjemahan. Jakarta: Depdiknas

Silahahi, Roswita. 2009. Dampak Teknik, Metode,

dan Ideologi Penerjemahan pada Kualitas
Terjemahan Teks Medical-Surgical Nursing
Dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Medan: Disertasi
Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Quick, Barbara, 2007. Vivaldi’s Virgins, HarperCollin

Publishers .

Witte, H. 1994. “Translation as a means for a better

understanding between cultures” In Dollerup,
C. and Lingegaard, A. (eds.). Teaching
Translation and Interpretating 2. Insights,
Aims, Visions. Amsterdam: John Benjamins,
69-75.

PROFIL PENULIS

Akhmad Hairul Umam, [Link]. Menyelesaikan

Program Strata Satu (S1) Pendidikan Bahasa
Inggris UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta 2004.
Pendidikan Magiste (S2) Linguistik Terapan
diselesaikan di Universitas Negeri Jakarta 2010.
Aktif mengikuti seminar dan menulis opini di
Koran Pelita & [Link]. Saat ini menjadi
kandidat doktor bidang Linguistik Terapan
Bahasa Inggris di Universitas Katolik Amajaya.

54 Akhmad Hairul Umam

Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438
[Link]

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Jigsaw, Konvesional dan

Kedisiplinan Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris
1
Aspari, 2Anggraini

1
AMIK BSI Bogor
email : [Link]@[Link],
2
AMIK BSI Bogor
email : [Link]@[Link]

Cara Sitasi:
Aspari, & Anggraini. (2018). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Jigsaw, Konvesional dan Kedisiplinan
Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris. Wanastra, 10(2), 55–64.

Abstract - The goal of this reaserach is to get data about the effect of cooperative learning and dicipline to the
result of english learning at SMP Anugerah Abadi Pamulang Tangerang [Link] method of this research is
experimental. The sample are 60 students that consist of 3O experimental class, and 3O control class that uses
sampling technique, cluster sampling of konvensional learning. It can be proved by Fo=7,087 and sig = 0,010 <
0,05. The data analysis uses ANOVA in two line. The result of this research shows are: (1) there is signifcant
effect of cooperative learning to the result of english learning student, (2) there is significant effect between
students dicipline to the result of englsh learning, (3) there is effect of interaction that signficant between
students dicipline and cooperativev learning to the result of english learning. This research has benefit to
inprove the result of english learning by using cooperative learning style, as jigsaw, and students dicipine in the
class, and optimalization students in learning English.

Key Words: Learning Motivation, English, Learning Meethod, Cooperative, The Dicipline.

PENDAHULUAN Pembangunan di bidang pendidikan dewasa ini

senantiasa mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini sejalan
Pengertian pendidikan menurut UU No. 20 Tahun dengan perkembangan masyarakat yang menuntut
2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional adalah perbaikan kualitas dan mutu di bidang pendidikan.
usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan Namun masih diperlukan usaha-usaha untuk
suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar menentukan cara yang tepat agar keterampilan dan
peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi kemahiran pembelajaran hakekatnya adalah proses
dirinya untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual interaksi antara peserta didik dengan lingkungannya,
keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, sehingga terjadi perubahan perilaku ke arah yang
kecerdasan, akhlak mulia,serta ketrampilan yang lebih baik.
diperlukan dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara.
Oleh karena itu pemerintah melakukan pemerataan Dalam pembelajaran di sekolah, terdapat banyak
dan peningkatan untuk pendidikan. unsur yang saling berkaitan dan menentukan
keberhasilan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Unsur-
Pendidikan dipandang sebagai salah satu faktor unsur tersebut adalah: pendidik (guru), peserta didik
utama yang menentukan pertumbuhan ekonomi, (siswa), kurikulum pengajaran, tes dan lingkungan.
yaitu melalui peningkatan produktvitas tenaga kerja Siswa sebagai subyek dalam proses tersebut juga
terdidik disamping itu pendidikan dipandang sangat berperan dalam keberhasilan kegiatan belajar
mempunyai peranan penting dalam menjamin mengajar (Sudjana 2001: 2).
perkembangan dan kelangsungan hidup bangsa.
Salah satu tugas pendidik atau guru adalah
Sekolah merupakan lembaga pendidikan yang menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang dapat
mempunyai tugas untuk menghantarkan peserta memotivasi siswa untuk senantiasa belajar dengan
didik untuk mengembangkan segala potensi yang baik dan bersemangat. Suasana pembelajaran yang
dimilikinya. Sekolah juga dipercaya sebagai satu- demikian akan berdampak positif dalam pencapaian
satunya cara agar manusia pada jaman sekarang prestasi belajar yang optimal. Oleh karena itu, guru
dapat hidup mantap di masa yang akan datang. sebaiknya memiliki kemampuan dalam memilih
Keberhasilan pendidikan di sekolah sangat meteode dan media pembelajaran yang tepat.
tergantung pada proses belajar mengajar di kelas. Ketidaktepatan dalam penggunaan metode dan

Diterima: 06-08-18 Direvisi: 29-08-18 Disetujui:05-09-18 55

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Jigsaw, Konvesional dan Kedisiplinan Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar
Bahasa Inggris

media akan menimbulkan kejenuhan bagi siswa pembelajaran Kreativitas siswa sangatlah
dalam menerima materi yang disampaikan sehingga diperlukan, hal tersebut dirasa perlu karena banyak
materi kurang dapat dipahami yang akan sekali permasalah dalam pembelajaran Bahasa
mengakibatkan siswa menjadi apatis. Inggris, permasalah tersebut adalah :

Salah satu mata pelajaran yang diajarkan disekolah 1. Siswa terkadang enggan menghafalkan kosa
adalah Bahasa Inggris. Siswa yang kurang aktif kata dalam bahasa inggris bahkan enggan
dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris disebabkan mencari kosa kata yang tidak diketahui di
karena metode dan pendekatan yang digunakan guru dalam kamus bahasa inggris sehingga siswa
kurang mendorong siswa untuk belajar secara tidak dapat memahami teks-teks bahasa inggris
kondusif, sehingga penyajian materi oleh guru yang ada..
cenderung monoton. Guru cenderung lebih banyak 2. Kebanyakan siswa tidak mau mengemukakan
berceramah dan kurang variatif dalam menggunakan gagasan atau idenya dalam menyelesaikan soal,
metode dan media pembelajaran. Hal ini jika tidak ditunjuk oleh guru.
menyebabkan pembelajaran bersifat abstrak dan 3. Siswa juga masih takut menjawab soal karena
teoritis sehingga siswa tidak aktif dalam masih takut salah.
pembelajaran dan akan menimbulkan kebosanan
terhadap pembelajaran yang dilakukan. Permasalahan tersebut menunjukan bahwa
kreativitas siswa sangat diperlukan untuk dapat
Oleh karena itu dalam proses pembelajaran Bahasa menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan sehingga
Inggris perlu kiranya dirancang keterlibatan siswa siswa merasa percaya diri dan mampu mengerjakan
secara aktif. Untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran dan memahami berbagai soal dalam Bahasa Inggris.
yang disusun (Semiawan 1987: 8). Dengan demikian apabila kreativitas siswa
meningkat diharapkan proses pembelajaran akan
Keadaan seperti yang ditunjukan diatas tentu sangat berjalan lebih aktif sehingga hasil pembelajaran
mengkhawatirkan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat akan lebih baik.
dilakukan guru untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar Proses pembelajaran yang mengikutsertakan siswa
siswa sehingga dihasilkan mutu lulusan yang baik. secara aktif, akan lebih bermakna karena dalam
Sejumlah gambar, lukisan, baik dari majalah, buku, proses pembelajaran siswa mempunyai pengalaman
koran dan lain-lain yang ada hubungannya dengan yang lebih banyak sehingga materi pelajaran yang
pelajaran dapat dipergunakan sebagai alat peraga disampaikan diharapkan dapat diterima oleh siswa
pembelajaran (Sudjana, 2001). Penggunaan media secara lebih baik. Kedisiplinan belajar siswa juga
gambar dan lainnya diharapkan dapat meningkatkan sangat diperlukan dalam mendorong siswa untuk
pemahaman siswa akan materi yang disampaikan bisa mencapai tujuan pembelajaran.
guru. Perkembangan masyarakat dan kemajuan teknologi
pada masa sekarang menuntut setiap guru dapat
Pada proses pembelajaran, guru perlu meningkatkan meningkatkan kompetensinya dalam mengajar. Guru
kemampuan mengajar guna menjadi guru dapat menentukan sendiri urutan kegiatan
profesional. Kemampuan guru sebagai salah satu instruksionalnya atas dasar keyakinan akan
usaha meningkatkan mutu pendidikan sekolah perlu keberhasilannya dalam mengajar. Pemilihan
mendapat perhatian. Kemampuan yang dimaksud kegiatan intruksional tersebut mungkin berdasarkan
adalah kemampuan mengajar dengan menerapkan atas pertimbangan praktis atau teori tertentu.
model pembelajaran yang tepat yang tetap Disamping itu, setiap guru akan mencari metode,
memperhatikan antara lain materi, waktu, dan media, pembagian waktu ataupun evaluasi yang
jumlah siswa dikelas. Guru dalam kemampuan tepat untuk setiap kegiatan belajar mengajarnya.
mengajar diharapkan dapat menyampaikan materi
yang dapat membangkitkan keaktifan siswa. Untuk Lemahnya hasil dari suatu proses belajar mengajar
bisa mengubah pandangan Bahasa Inggris sebagai dapat disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, antara lain
mata pelajaran yang sulit haruslah diberikan solusi minimnya sumber belajar, keterbatasan alat ataupun
yang antara lain yaitu diperlukannya metode media, kurangnya sarana dan prasarana sampai
mengajar yag tepat, sehingga dapat mengatasi dengan kemampuan guru dalam menentukan metode
kesulitan dan permasalahan kurangnya kreativitas ajar agar siswa tertarik. Dalam pelajaran Bahasa
dan motivasi dalam belajar Bahasa Inggris. Inggris di SMP sangat menuntut penguatan pada
konsep-konsep abstrak maupun nyata, maka sebuah
Menurut Utami Munandar (2009) Kreativitas berarti metode maupun model pembelajaran sangat
mengembangkan talenta yang dimiliki, belajar mempengaruhi suatu proses pembelajaran.
menggunakan kemampuan diri sendiri secara
optimal, dan mempunyai gagasan baru untuk Hasil belajar merupakan pemahaman faktual dan
menyelesaikan permasalahan. Maka dalam prinsip terhadap bahan atau isi pelajaran yang

56 Aspari dan Anggraini

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

bersifat kognitif, afektif dan psikomotorik. Hal ini siswa SMP Anugerah Abadi Pamulang –
terjadi apabila jenis belajarnya berupa belajar Tangerang Selatan.
konsep-konsep, sedangkan belajar proses atau
keterampilan lebih ditekankan pada bagaimana METODE PENELITIAN
pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan tepat dan menarik
sehingga anak didik memperhatikan apa yang Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode
dituangkan oleh gurunya melalui metode pengajaran Eksperimen. Metode ini dipilih sebab merupakan
yang variatif. metode penelitan yang tujuannya untuk menemukan
faktor-faktor penyebab dan akibat, untuk mengontrol
Kondisi yang dinamis, tertib dan aman adalah peristiwa dalam interaksi variabel, serta meramalkan
merupakan pencerninan dari kedisiplinan atau hasilnya pada tingkat ketelitian tertentu (Surakhmad
kehadiran dan kepatuhan. Kedisiplinan itu berlaku Winarno, 1980).
baik itu disiplin guru maupun siswa yang didasari
oleh kesadaran dalam menjalankan dan Penelitian ini melibatkan dua variabel bebas yang
melaksanakan peraturan. terdiri dari : (1) variabel bebas yang dimanipulasi
dan (2) variabel bebas yang diperlakukan sebagai
Pada penelitian ini penulis mencoba menggunakan kontrol serta variabel terikat :
suatu metode yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan 1. Variabel bebas manipulatif adalah metode
pemahaman peserta didik adalah metode kooperatif pembelajaran yang terdiri dari metode
tipe Jigsaw. Metode ini digunakan untuk pembelajaran jigsaw dan metode pembelajaran
mengangkat suatu permasalahan ke dalam bentuk konvensional.
penelitian yang akan digabungkan dengan 2. Kelompok yang memiliki kedisiplinan tinggi
permasalahan kedisiplinan siswa dalam belajar. yang diberi pembelajaran menggunakan
jigsaw.
Pembelajaran kooperatif merupakan salah satu 3. Kelompok yang memiliki kedisiplinan rendah
model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan yang diberi pembelajaran konvensional.
aktivitas siswa selama proses belajar mengajar. 4. Kelompok yang memiliki kedisiplinan rendah
Pembelajaran kooperatif sendiri memiliki beberapa yang diberi pembelajaran jigsaw.
pendekatan, antara lain Student Teams Achievement 5. Kelompok yang memiliki kedisiplinan rendah
Divison (STAD), Teams Games Tournament (TGT), yang diberi pembelajaran konvensional.
Jigsaw, Team Assited Individualization (TAI),
Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition Penelitain ini menggunakan metode eksperimen
(CIRC), Investigasi kelompok dan Pendekatan dengan desain factorial 2x2 sabagai berikut.
Struktural (Agus Suprijono, 2009).
Tabel 1. Desain Penelitian
Pada penelitian ini penulis membatasi pembahasan Kedisiplinan Metode Pembelajaran
hanya pada Model pembelajaran Kooperatif Jigsaw, (B) (A)
Konvensional, dan Kedisiplinan pengaruhnya KKonvensional
terhadap hasil belajar siswa khususnya dalam belajar ooperatif (A2)
bahasa Inggris. Maka dari itu dalam penelitian ini Jigsaw
penulis memberikan judul “Pengaruh Model (A1)
Pembelajaran Kooperatif Jigsaw, Konvesional T A A
dan Kedisiplinan Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar inggi (B1) 1 B1 2 B1
Bahasa Inggris”. R A A
endah (B2) 1 B2 2 B2
Dari uraian diatas, maka Tujuan dari penelitian ini
adalah sebagai berikut: Keterangan :
A = Metode pembelajaran (A)
1. Pengaruh metode pembelajaran terhadap hasil
(A1) = Metode Jigsaw
belajar Bahasa Inggris pada materi text reading
(A2) = Metode konvensional
(report text) siswa SMP Anugerah Abadi
B = Kedisiplinan (B)
Pamulang – Tangerang Selatan.
(B1) = Kedisiplinan tinggi
2. Pengaruh kedisiplinan terhadap hasil belajar
(B2) = Kedisiplinan rendah
Bahasa Inggris pada materi text reading (report
text) siswa SMP Anugerah Abadi Pamulang – Pelaksanaan eksperimen dilakukan pada akhir bulan
Tangerang Selatan. Oktober dan Desember 2016. Proses berjalan sesuai
3. Pengaruh interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dengan kegiatan KBM seperti biasanya. Eksperimen
dan kedisiplinan terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa berlangsung selama 4 minggu atau setara dengan 12
Inggris pada materi text reading (report text) jam pelajaran. Di akhir kegiatan pembelajaran

57
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Jigsaw, Konvesional dan Kedisiplinan Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar
Bahasa Inggris

diberikan tes hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris pada

materi tex reading, sebanyak 40 soal dengan 4
alternatif jawaban, kemudian data yang diperoleh
digunakan untuk melakukan kegiatan penelitian

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

A. Deskripsi Data
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dua
faktor, yaitu faktor metode pembelajaran (A) dan
kedisiplinan diri (B). Masing-masing faktor terdiri
dari sub faktor yang disebut level. Untuk metode Gambar 1: Histogram Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris
pembelajaran (A) ada dua level, yaitu diberi metode Metode kooperatif tipe jigsaw
kooperatif tipe jigsaw (A1) dan metode pembelajaran
konvensional (A2). Faktor kedua adalah kedisiplinan Dari histogram dan polygon frekuensi di atas
diri (B) dengan dua level, yaitu: tinggi (B 1) dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar Bahasa
rendah (B2). Inggris siswa yang menggunakan metode
1. Data Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris dengan kooperatif tipe jigsaw memiliki sebaran yang
Metode kooperatif tipe jigsaw (A1) normal.
Data hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris yang
menggunakan metode kooperatif tipe jigsaw 2. Data Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris dengan
diperoleh dari nilai tes responden yang menjadi Metode pembelajaran Konvensional (A2)
sampel penelitian sebanyak 30 siswa. Nilai yang Data hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa yang
di peroleh adalah tetinggi 90, skor terendah 60, menggunakan metode pembelajaran
skor rata-rata sebesar 75,47, median sebesar 75, konvensional diperoleh dari nilai tes responden
modus sebesar 75 dan simpangan baku sebesar yang menjadi sampel penelitian sebanyak 30
9,209. siswa. Nilai yang di peroleh adalah tetinggi 90,
skor terendah 50, skor rata-rata sebesar 67,43,
Tabel 2. Deskripsi data Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris median sebesar 64,5, modus sebesar 50 dan
dengan Metode pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe Jigsaw simpangan baku sebesar 14,093.

Statistics Tabel 3. Deskripsi data Hasil Belajar Bahasa

Metode Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw Inggris Metode pembelajaran Konvensional
V
30
alid Statistics
N
M Metode Pembelajaran Konvensional
30
issing N V
Mean 75. 30
alid
47 M
Median 75. 30
issing
00 Mean 67.43
Mode 75 Median 64.50
Std. Deviation 9.2 Mode 50
09 Std. Deviation 14.093
Minimum 60 Minium 50
Maximum 90 Maximum 90

Bila dilihat dari hasil perhitungan di atas, maka bisa Bila dilihat dari hasil perhitungan di atas, maka bisa
dikatakan bahwa hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris yang dikatakan bahwa hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa
menggunakan metode kooperatif tipe jigsaw siswa yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran
SMP Anugerah Abadi Pamulang Tangerang Selatan konvensional di SMP Anugerah Abadi Pamulang
tergolong cukup baik. Hal ini di indikasikan dengan Tangerang Selatan tergolong kurang baik. Hal ini di
perolehan nilai rata-rata sebesar 75,47. indikasikan dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata sebesar
Untuk memperjelas data di atas, digambarkan dalam 67,43. Untuk memperjelas data di atas, digambarkan
histogram sebagai berikut : dalam histogram sebagai berikut :

58 Aspari dan Anggraini

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

Untuk memperjelas data di atas, digambarkan dalam

histogram sebagai berikut :

Gambar 2 Histogram Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris

Metode pembelajaran Konvensional

Dari histogram dan polygon frekuensi di atas

dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar Bahasa Gambar 3 Histogram Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris
Inggris siswa yang menggunakan metode Kedisiplinan diri Tinggi
pembelajaran konvensional memiliki sebaran
yang normal. Dari histogram dan polygon frekuensi di atas dapat
3. Data Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris yang memiliki disimpulkan bahwa siswa yang memiliki
Kedisiplinan diri Tinggi (B1) kedisiplinan diri tinggi di SMP Anugerah Abadi
Data kedisiplinan diri tinggi diperoleh dari Pamulang Tangerang Selatan memiliki sebaran
kuesioner yang diberikan kepada responden yang yang normal.
menjadi sampel penelitian sebanyak 30 siswa.
Skor yang di peroleh adalah tetinggi 99, skor 4. Data Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris Kedisiplinan
terendah 84, skor rata-rata sebesar 91,23, median diri Rendah (B2)
sebesar 91, modus sebesar 90 dan simpangan Data siswa yang memiliki kedisiplinan diri
baku sebesar 3,360. rendah diperoleh dari skor kuesioner yang
diberikan kepada responden yang menjadi
Tabel 4. Deskripsi data Hasil Belajar sampel penelitian sebanyak 30 siswa. Nilai yang
Bahasa Inggris Kedisiplinan diri Tinggi di peroleh adalah tetinggi 94, skor terendah 73,
Statistics skor rata-rata sebesar 85,70, median sebesar
Kedisiplinan Diri Tinggi 85,5, modus sebesar 85 dan simpangan baku
N V 3 sebesar 4,557.
alid 0
Tabel 5. Deskripsi data Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris
M 3
Kedisiplinan diri Rendah
issing 0
Mean Statistics
9
1.23 Kedisiplinan Diri Rendah
Median 9 N V
30
1.00 alid
Mode 9 M
30
0a issing
Std. Deviation 3. Mean 85.70
360 Median 85.50
Minimum 8 Mode 85
4 Std. Deviation 4.557
Maximum 9 Minimum 73
9 Maximum 94

Bila dilihat dari hasil perhitungan di atas, maka bisa Bila dilihat dari hasil perhitungan di atas, maka
dikatakan bahwa hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa bisa dikatakan bahwa hasil belajar Bahasa
yang memiliki kedisiplinan diri tinggi di SMP Inggris siswa yang memiliki kedisiplinan diri
Anugerah Abadi Pamulang Tangerang Selatan rendah di SMP Anugerah Abadi Pamulang
tergolong cukup baik . Hal ini di indikasikan dengan Tangerang Selatan tergolong cukup baik . Hal ini
perolehan nilai rata-rata sebesar 92,23 di atas skor di indikasikan dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata
mediannya. sebesar 85,7 di atas skor mediannya.

59
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Jigsaw, Konvesional dan Kedisiplinan Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar
Bahasa Inggris

Untuk memperjelas data di atas, digambarkan memiliki kedisiplinan diri tinggi terdiri dari 15 siswa
dalam histogram sebagai berikut : memiliki nilai rata-rata 80,80 dan standar deviasi
8,504. Untuk hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris yang
menggunakan metode kooperatif tipe jigsaw dan
memiliki kedisiplinan diri rendah terdiri dari 15
siswa memiliki nilai rata-rata 68,87 dan standar
deviasi 10,822.

Untuk hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris yang

menggunakan metode pembelajaran konvensional
dan memiliki kedisiplinan diri tinggi terdiri dari 15
siswa memiliki nilai rata-rata 73,67 dan standar
deviasi 14,064. Untuk hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris
yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran
konvensional dan memiliki kedisiplinan diri rendah
Gambar 4 Histogram Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris terdiri dari 15 siswa memiliki nilai rata-rata 61,27
kedisiplinan diri rendah dan standar deviasi 8,498.

Dari histogram dan polygon frekuensi di atas Tabel 7. Deskripsi Statistik menurut Rancangan
dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa yang memiliki Penelitian
kedisiplinan diri rendah di SMP Anugerah Abadi
Pamulang Tangerang Selatan memiliki sebaran S A Total
yang normal. tat B A A
1 2
5. Data Rangkuman Data Hasil Penelitian n 1 1 3
Rangkuman data hasil penelitian sesuai dengan B 5 5 0
rangcangan penelitian seperti tertera dalam table 1 8 7 7
di bawah ini: 0.80 3.67 7.23
s 8 1 1
Tabel 6. Rangkuman Statistic Deskriptif .504 4.064 1.982
n 1 1 3
Descriptive Statistics B 5 5 0
Dependent Variable: Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris 2 6 6 6
Metode Kedisipli Mean Std. N 8.87 1.27 5.07
Pembelajaran nan Diri Deviation s 1 8 1
Kooperatif 0.822 .498 0.312
Tipe Jigsaw Tinggi 8 1 n 3 3 6
8.504
0.80 5 T 0 0 0
Rendah 6 1
otal 7 6 7
10.822
8.87 5 4.83 7.47 1.15
Total 7 3 s 1 1 1
11.326
4.83 0 1.326 3.043 2.668
Konvensional Tinggi 7 1
14.064
3.67 5 B. Uji Persyaratan Analisis Data
Rendah 6 1
Sebelum diadakan pengujian hipotesis, terlebih
8.498
1.27 5 dahulu dilakukan pengujian persyaratan analisis
Total 6 yang3 meliputi pengujian normalitas dan
13.043
7.47 0 homogenitas.
Total Tinggi 7 3
11.982
7.23 0 1. Uji Normalitas
Rendah 6 Uji
3 normalitas pada variable dependen dan atau
10.312 variable kovariate di perlukan. Terutama untuk
5.07 0
Total 7 menentukan
6 apakah metode analisis selanjutnya
12.668 menggunakan statistic parametric atau non
1.15 0
parametric. Jika data mengikiuti suatu tes
Berdasarkan data di atas, diperoleh data bahwa normalitas atau tes distribusi teori lainnya, maka
untuk hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris yang dapat dilanjutkan analisisnya dengan statistic
menggunakan metode kooperatif tipe jigsaw dan parametric. Dalam hal ini pada penelitian ini
akan di lanjutkan dengan anaisis parametric yaitu

60 Aspari dan Anggraini

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P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

analisis of variance (ANOVA) atau yang homogen. Dengan demikian hipotesis nol
menggunakan analisis general linear diterima. Ini berarti sampel berasal dari populasi
model(GLM). yang memiliki varians yang sama (homogen). Hal
ini berlaku dari pengujian normalitas dan
Tabel 8. Uji Normalitas Data homogenitas di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa
persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi oleh data penelitian
One-Sample Kolmogorov- yang akan diolah dengan teknik ANOVA sudah
Smirnov Test terpenuhi.
Hasil Bahasa Inggris
N 60 C. Uji Hipotesis Penelitian
Normal Mean 71.15
Parametersa,b Std. Setelah dilakukan uji normalitas dan homogenitas
12.668 dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sampel penelitian
Deviation
berasal dari populasi distribusi normal dan varians
Most Absolute .119
sampel homogeny, maka pengujian hipotesis dengan
Extreme Positive .077 menggunakan ANOVA dapat dilakukan.
Differences Negative -.119
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z .925 Analisis terhadap data hasil belajar siswa dilakukan
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .359 dengan menggunakan ANOVA dua arah yang
a. Test distribution is Normal. pekerjaan rumahocess perhitungannya di bantu
b. Calculated from data. dengan pekerjaan rumahogram SPSS 20. Hasil uji
ANOVA tersebut kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji F
Berdasarkan table tersebut menunjukkan bahwa nilai untuk mengetahui signifikansi perbedaan diantara
uji statistic Kolmogorov-Smimov Z untuk hasil masing-masing kelompok secara signifikan (simple
belajar Bahasa Inggris sama dengan 0,925 dan Sig. = effect). Dengan kata lain, uji F digunakan dengan
0,359 > 0,05. Hal ini memiliki arti bahwa data hasil tujuan untuk melihat kelompok sampel mana yang
belajar Bahasa Inggris berdistribusi normal. lebih baik hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris ditinjau dari
kedisiplinan diri.
2. Uji Homogenitas
Ringkasan hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan
Selain uji normalitas, salah satu syarat yang ANOVA dapat dilihat pada table berikut:
diperlukan dalam menganalisis data dengan
menggunakan ANOVA adalah uji homogenitas Tabel 10. Uji Hipotesis Penelitian
varian. Sedangkan tujuan uji homogenitas adalah
untuk mengetahui apakah varians populasi menurut Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
kelompok yang dirancang, bersifat homogen atau Dependent Variable: Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris
tidak. Source T MeanD F
ype III f Square i
Pengujian homogenitas pada data hasil belajar Sum of g
Bahasa Inggris (Y) dilakukan dengan uji Levene’s Squares .
pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Corrected
3
Model 1 0
Tabel 9. Uji Homogenitas Data 035.25 3 8.808
a 011.750 0
0
0
Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variancesa
Intercept
Dependent Variable: Hasil Belajar Bahasa 3 3
0
Inggris 03739. 03739.35
1 2644.332
0
F df1 df2 S 350 0
0
ig.
A
5 . 8 8 0
1.907 3 1 7.087
6 139 14.017 14.017 1
Tests the null hypothesis that the error 0
variance of the dependent variable is equal B
across groups. 2
2 0
a. Design: Intercept + A + B + A * B 220.41 1 19.331
220.417 0
7
0
Dari table di atas diperoleh data Fo = 1,907 dan
Sig. = 0,139 > 0,05. Hal ini memiliki pengertian
bahwa seluruh data yang ada berasal dari sampel

61
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Jigsaw, Konvesional dan Kedisiplinan Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar
Bahasa Inggris

A*B dan
. kedisiplinan diri terhadap hasil belajar
. . 9 Bahasa Inggris siswa SMP Anugerah Abadi
1 .007 Pamulang Tangerang Selatan.
817 817 3
3 Berdasarkan table diatas diperoleh hasil Anova
Error 6 dengan nilai Fo = 0,007 dan Sig. = 0,933 >
5 1 0,05, maka hipotesis nol (Ho) diterima dan
432.40
6 14.864 hipotesis alternative (H1) ditolak. Hal ini
0
Total 3 memiliki arti bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh
6 interaksi yang signifikan metode pembelajaran
13207.
0 dan kedisiplinan diri terhadap hasil belajar
000
Corrected 9 Bahasa Inggris siswa SMP Anugerah Abadi
5 Pamulang Tangerang Selatan.
Total 467.65
9 Sementara itu, nilai Adjusted R. Squared
0
a. R Squared = .321 (Adjusted R sebesar 0,284 memiliki arti bahwa metode
Squared = .284) pembelajaran dan kedisiplinan diri memberikan
pengaruh sebesar 28,4 % terhadap peningkatan
Berdasarkan data di atas, maka hipotesis penelitian hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa SMP
yang diajukan dapat terjawab. Adapun penjelasan Anugerah Abadi Pamulang Tangerang Selatan.
mengenai table di atas adalah sebagai berikut:
D. PEMBAHASAN
1. Hipotesis Pertama: terdapat pengaruh yang
signifikan metode pembelajaran terhadap hasil 1. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan metode
belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa SMP Anugerah pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris
Abadi Pamulang Tangerang Selatan. siswa SMP Anugerah Abadi Pamulang Tangerang
Selatan.
Berdasarkan table diatas diperoleh hasil Anova
dengan nilai Fo = 7,087 dan Sig. = 0,010 < Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dinyatakan bahwa
0,05, maka hipotesis nol (Ho) ditolak dan pemberian metode pembelajaran memiliki pengaruh
hipotesis alternative (H1) diterima. Hal ini yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar
memiliki arti bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang Bahasa Inggris siswa SMP Anugerah Abadi
signifikan metode pembelajaran terhadap hasil Pamulang Tangerang Selatan. Atau dengan kata lain,
belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa SMP Anugerah terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris
Abadi Pamulang Tangerang Selatan, atau siswa yang menggunakan metode kooperatif tipe
dengan kata lain, terdapat perbedaan hasil jigsaw dengan yang menggunakan metode
belajar Bahasa Inggris yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari
metode kooperatif tipe jigsaw dengan yang nilai rata-rata hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris yang
menggunakan metode pembelajaran diberi menggunakan metode kooperatif tipe jigsaw
konvensional. sebesar 75,47, sementara nilai rata-rata hasil belajar
Bahasa Inggris yang menggunakan metode
2. Hipotesis Pertama: terdapat pengaruh yang pembelajaran konvensional sebesar 67,43.
signifikan kedisiplinan diri terhadap hasil
belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa SMP Anugerah Hasil di atas membuktikan bahwa pemberian metode
Abadi Pamulang Tangerang Selatan. kooperatif tipe jigsaw memiliki pengaruh yang
signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar Bahasa
Berdasarkan table diatas diperoleh hasil Anova Inggris siswa SMP Anugerah Abadi Pamulang
dengan nilai Fo = 19,331 dan Sig. = 0,000 < Tangerang Selatan.
0,05, maka hipotesis nol (Ho) ditolak dan
hipotesis alternative (H1) diterima. Hal ini 2. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kedisiplinan diri
memiliki arti bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa SMP
signifikan kedisiplinan diri terhadap hasil Anugerah Abadi Pamulang Tangerang Selatan.
belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa SMP Anugerah
Abadi Pamulang Tangerang Selatan. Atau Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kedisiplinan diri
dengan kata lain, terdapat perbedaan hasil memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap
belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa yang memiliki peningkatan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa SMP
kedisiplinan diri tinggi dengan yang memiliki Anugerah Abadi Pamulang Tangerang Selatan.
kedisiplinan diri rendah. Dengan kata lain, hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris yang
memiliki kedisiplinan diri tinggi lebih baik daripada
3. Hipotesis Pertama: tidak terdapat pengaruh hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa yang memiliki
interaksi yang signifikan metode pembelajaran kedisiplinan diri rendah . Hal ini bisa dilihat dari

62 Aspari dan Anggraini

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P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

nilai rata-rata hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa yang memiliki kedisiplinan diri tinggi sebesar 91,23,
sementara nilai rata-rata hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris 1. Penelitian ini menggunakan angket dan perlakuan
siswa yang memiliki kedisiplinan diri rendah sebagai instrumen untuk mendapatkan data, dimana
sebesar 85,70. pilihan jawaban dalam instrumen mengarahkan
siswa hanya untuk menjawab butir-butir yang
Permasalahan yang sering muncul dalam ditanyakan, padahal mungkin pilihan tersebut tidak
pembelajaran yaitu: 1) Siswa terkadang masih belum sesuai dan angketnya kurang baik.
siap saat mengikuti pelajaran yakni sebagian siswa
masih ada yang ramai atau kurang memperhatikan 2. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Anugerah Abadi
penjelasan daru guru sehingga siswa tidak bisa Pamulang Tangerang Selatan. Sedangkan di
menjawab saat diberikan pertanyaan oleh guru; 2) Tangerang Selatan khususnya ada juga SMP yang
Siswa yang belum paham mengenai materi yang lain, baik negeri maupun swasta yang belum diteliti.
diajarkan terkadang hanya diam dan tidak mau
bertanya dengan guru maupun teman lainnya; 3)
Kebanyakan siswa juga masih kurang antusias untuk
mengulas kembali materi yang telah diberikan jika KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
tidak ada tugas rumah dari guru.
A. Simpulan
Permasalahan tersebut menunjukan motivasi dan
kedisiplinan siswa yang masih kurang sehingga Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis penelitian pada
perlu ditingkatkan, karena dengan meningkatnya bab 4, dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut::
motivasi dan disiplin belajar akan membuat siswa 1. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan metode
lebih antusias untuk belajar, akan lebih juga pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa
merupakan respon terhadap perkembangan ilmu dan Inggris siswa SMP Anugerah Abadi Pamulang
teknologi dalam era otonomi dan globalisasi yang Tangerang Selatan, atau dengan kata lain,
sangat berpengaruh kepada pendidikan sebagai terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris
lembaga pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang yang menggunakan metode kooperatif tipe
handal. Pengembangan kreativitas mengajar guru jigsaw dengan yang menggunakan metode
mutlak perlu dikembangkan. pembelajaran konvensional. Hal ini dibuktikan
dengan perolehan Fo = 7,087 dan Sig. = 0,010
3. Tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi yang signifikan < 0,05.
metode pembelajaran dan kedisiplinan diri terhadap
hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa SMP Anugerah 2. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kedisiplinan
Abadi Pamulang Tangerang Selatan. diri terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa
SMP Anugerah Abadi Pamulang Tangerang
Dari hasil penelitian dapat dinyatakan bahwa metode Selatan. Atau dengan kata lain, terdapat
pembelajaran dan kedisiplinan diri tidak perbedaan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa
memberikan pengaruh interaksi yang signifikan yang memiliki kedisiplinan diri tinggi dengan
terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris yang memiliki kedisiplinan diri rendah. Hal ini
SMP Anugerah Abadi Pamulang Tangerang Selatan. dibuktikan dengan perolehan Fo = 19,331 dan
Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05.
Hasil belajar merupakan pemahaman faktual dan
prinsip terhadap bahan atau isi pelajaran yang 3. Tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi yang
bersifat kognitif, afektif dan psikomotorik. Hal ini signifikan metode pembelajaran dan
terjadi apabila jenis belajarnya berupa belajar kedisiplinan diri terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa
konsep-konsep, sedangkan belajar proses atau Inggris siswa SMP Anugerah Abadi Pamulang
keterampilan lebih ditekankan pada bagaimana Tangerang Selatan. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan
pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan tepat dan menarik perolehan Fo = 0,007 dan Sig. = 0,933 > 0,05.
sehingga anak didik memperhatikan apa yang
dituangkan oleh gurunya melalui metode pengajaran B. Saran
yang variatif.
Disarankan kepada guru SMP Anugerah Abadi agar
E. Keterbatasan Penelitian menggunakan metode pembelajaran kooperatif
jigsaw, untuk lebih meningkatkan hasil
Disadari sepenuhnya bahwa dalam penelitian ini pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris terutama dalam materi
terdapat beberapa kelemahan baik dalam proses text reading, jika dibandingkan dengan metode
penyelesaian maupun hasil yang diperoleh yang pembelajaran konvensional.
dianggap sebagai keterbatasan penelitian, yaitu :

63
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Jigsaw, Konvesional dan Kedisiplinan Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar
Bahasa Inggris

Dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran PROFIL PENULIS

kooperatif jigsaw dengan kedisiplinan tinggi
hasilnya akan lebih baik pula. Penulis 1
Demikianlah saran yang dapat penulis berikan
kepada sekolah SMP Anugerah Abadi Pamulang, Aspari, SS., [Link]. lahir di Sumenep, 17 Januari
Tangerang selatan. 198O. Lulusan Diploma Tehnik Informatika
MAGMA Malang tahun 2OO1, S1 Jurusan Sastra
REFERENSI Inggris dari STBA Nusamandiri, dan S2 Pendidikan
Bahasa Inggris di Universitas Indraprasta PGRI
Sudjana. 2001. Metode & Teknik Pembelajaran Jakarta. Pengalaman mengajar sudah lebih dari 17
Partisipatif. Bandung : Falah Production Tahun. Dan aktif sebagai Dosen Luar Biasa (DLN)
di AMIK BSI Bogor dari sejak tahun 2O1O sampai
Semiawan, dkk.1987. Pendekatan Keterampilan sekarang.
Proses. PT Gramedia. Jakarta
Penulis 2
Suprijono Agus. 2009. Cooperative Learning Teori
dan Aplikasi PAIKEM. Yogyakarta :Pustaka Anggraini,[Link] lahir di Sawahlunto, 19 December
Pelajar. [Link] dari STKIP Kusuma Negara Jakarta.
Progra studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris and Pasca
Surakhmad, Winarno. 1980. Pengantar Penelitian Sarjana Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Jakarta
Ilmiah Dasar, Metode, dan Teknik. Bandung: Program Magister Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Sudah
Tarsono mengajar selama 8 tahun. Sekarang aktif sebagai
dosen di AMIK BSI Bogor
Munandar, Utami. 2009. Pengembangan
Kreati9vitas Anak Berbakat. Jakarta: Rieneka
Cipta.

64 Aspari dan Anggraini

Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438
[Link]

Pengaruh Teknik Pembelajaran Dan Kecerdasan Linguistik Terhadap

Keterampilan Menulis Teks Recount Bahasa Inggris
1
Oktariyani, 2Layni Asra

1
Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Lampung
email : [Link]@[Link]

2
SMP Negeri 1 Sumber Jaya Lampung Barat
email : lainiasra@[Link]

Cara Sitasi:
Oktariyani, & Asra, L. (2018). Pengaruh Teknik Pembelajaran Dan Kecerdasan Linguistik Terhadap
Keterampilan Menulis Teks Recount Bahasa Inggris. Wanastra2, 10(2), 65–72.

Abstract- This research aimed at finding out the effect of learning technique and linguistic intelligence towards
recount text writing skill in SMPN 1 Way Tenong West Lampung. The research used a 2x2 factorial design. The
sample was 30 students selected from the students of SMPN 2 Way Tenong West Lampung through multistage
random sampling. There were two chosen groups as experimental. The first group taught by using Cooperative
Integrated reading Composition (CIRC) learning technique and second group taught by Student Team
Achievement Division (STAD) learning technique. The results of this research showed that (1) there is a
difference score of the recount text writing skills English language learning among groups of students using
learning techniques (CIRC) and a group of students who are learning using learning techniques (STAD) (the
score of F = 0.99> F 0.258), (2) there is a positive interaction between teaching technique and linguistic
intelligence (high and low) on the results of recount text writing skills in English (F value = 25.50> F = 2.95 for
α = 0.05 and α = 0.01) , (3) the students who have high linguistic intelligence, there are differences in the score
of the recount text writing skills English language students better use learning techniques (STAD) than the group
of students with teaching techniques (CIRC), (Qhit = 7.45> Qtab = 3.15 at level α = 0.05 and α = 0.01). (4) the
students who have low linguistic intelligence linguistic, there is a difference in the score of the recount text
writing skills English language students better used teaching techniques (CIRC) than the group of students with
teaching techniques (STAD), (Qhit = 10.18> Qtab = 3.15 at level α = 0.05 and α = 0.01).

Key words: Recount Text Writing Skill, Learning Technique: CIRC And STAD, Intelligence Linguistic

PENDAHULUAN Kompleksitas menulis terletak pada tuntutan

kemampuan untuk menata dan mengorganisasikan
Semua keterampilan berbahasa yang mencakup ide secara runtut dan logis, serta menyajikannya
keterampilan menyimak, berbicara, membaca dan dalam ragam bahasa tulis dan kaidah penulisan
menulis keempatnya sama-sama memiliki peranan lainnya. Akan tetapi, di balik kerumitannya, menulis
yang penting dan strategis. Secara alami menjanjikan manfaat yang begitu besar dalam
perkembangan keterampilan berbahasa seseorang membantu pengembangan daya inisiatif dan
berawal dari keterampilan menyimak, kemudian kreativitas, kepercayaan diri dan keberanian, serta
diikuti keterampilan berbicara. Hal ini bisa kita lihat kebiasaan dan kemampuan dalam menemukan,
dalam perkembangan dan pemerolehan bahasa mengumpulkan, mengolah, dan menata informasi.
seorang anak. Setelah fase itu, seorang anak dapat
berlatih keterampilan membaca, yang kemudian Menulis menurut Mark Connelly (2013: 2) adalah
diikuti keterampilan menulis. Hanya saja taraf proses sebagaimana untuk menghasilkan sebuah
keterampilam berbahasa lebih lanjut tidak sebatas produk. Dimana menulis memerlukan daya pikir
perkembangan alami. Taraf keterampilan berbahasa yang kreativitas, konsentrasi, dan penuh dengan
tentu saja sesuai dengan taraf perkembangan kebulatan hati. Menulis apapun itu dan
psikologis seseorang. Hal ini bisa kita lihat dalam menggunakan bahasa apapun itu menuntut daya
perkembangan kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh kreatif seseorang agar tulisannya semakin bagus dan
pembelajar, mulai sekolah dasar hingga ke sekolah dapat dipahami oleh si pembaca. Namun dalam
menengah, bahkan hingga perguruan tinggi. menulis dengan menggunakan bahasa asing (bahasa
Inggris) siswa banyak mengalami kesalahan dalam
Sementara dalam keterampilan menulis atau menulis, secara umum kesulitan pembelajaran dalam
mengarang merupakan kegiatan yang kompleks. menulis diantaranya adalah kesalahan dalam

Diterima: 09-08-18 Direvisi: 27-08-18 Disetujui:31-08-18 65

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peletakan tanda baca, penyusunan struktur kalimat, mengurutkan rangkaian peristiwa secara tepat.
dan pemilihan kosakata yang tepat. Ketiga, selain masalah dalam struktur bahasa
ternyata siswa di kelas VIII tersebut tidak begitu
Pembelajaran kooperatif mencakup beberapa teknik berminat dalam mengikuti pelajaran menulis. Bisa
pembelajaran yang menarik dan menyenangkan saja hal ini karena pengaruh ketidak pahaman siswa
diantara kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah mencari dalam konsep menulis tersebut. Keempat, metode
pasangan, bertukar pasangan. Selanjutnya metode ini yang dipakai oleh guru masih sangat sederhana atau
dapat digunakan untuk mengajar kemampuan bahasa bisa juga ketidakcocokan dalam memilih metode,
Inggris termasuk menulis. Menurut Wandy Jolliffe misalnya dalam pembelajaran menulis guru
(2007:58) pembelajaran kooperatif cocok digunakan menggunakan metode ceramah, sehingga hal ini
66
untuk mengajar menulis. Hal ini karena prinsip menimbulkan kebosanan dan ketidakpahaman dari
pembelajaran kooperatif adalah siswa belajar siswa tujuan dari pembelajaran tersebut.
bersama untuk meraih prestasi. Dalam pembelajaran
dikelas metode ini tepat digunakan untuk mengajar Adapun tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian
menulis, karena ketika siswa mengerjakan tugas ini adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Perbedaan
menulis dalam kelompok, kemampuan menulis akan keterampilan menulis teks Recount bahasa Inggris
lebih muda dicapai oleh siswa dimana dalam pada siswa yang belajar melalui teknik pembelajaran
pembelajaran kooperatif siswa dapat mengatasi CIRC lebih tinggi daripada keterampilan menulis
masalah menulis seperti pengembangan ide, kosa teks Recount pada siswa yang belajar melalui teknik
kata, tata bahasa secara bersama-sama dalam pembelajaran STAD, (2) Pengaruh interaksi antara
kelompok. Siswa juga dapat mendiskusikan topik teknik pembelajaran kooperatif dan kecerdasan
yang akan ditulis, dan juga siswa dapat berbagi linguistik terhadap keterampilan menulis teks
pengetahuan dalam kelompok belajar mereka, Recount bahasa Inggris, (3) Perbedaan keterampilan
sehingga siswa dapat menulis dengan mudah. menulis teks recount bahasa Inggris siswa yang
Sehingga teknik seperti ini akan berpengaruh belajar dengan teknik pembelajaran CIRC lebih
terhadap motivasi siswa dalam mengikuti tinggi atau lebih baik daripada pada siswa yang
pembelajaran di kelas dan bersemangat utuk belajar dengan teknik pembelajaran STAD pada
menyelesaikan semua tugas yang diberikan oleh kelompok siswa yang memiliki kecerdasan linguistik
guru. tinggi dan (4) Perbedaan keterampilan menulis teks
recount bahasa Inggris siswa siswa yang belajar
Selain itu dalam KTSP Bahasa Inggris dipaparkan dengan teknik pembelajaran CIRC lebih tinggi atau
pula bahwa salah satu tujuan pengajaran Bahasa lebih baik daripada pada siswa yang belajar dengan
Inggris adalah agar siswa mampu berkomunikasi teknik pembelajaran STAD pada kelompok siswa
secara tertulis dengan menggunakan ragam bahasa yang memiliki kecerdasan linguistik rendah.
tulis yang sesuai secara lancar dan akurat dalam teks
transaksional dan interpersonal serta esai pendek Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara
berbentuk narrative, recount, descriptive, report, mendalam mengenai penerapan teknik pembelajaran
dan procedure untuk beriteraksi dengan lingkungan. dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks
recount bahasa Inggris siswa. Keterampilan Menulis
Keterampilan menulis teks recount adalah menjadi teks recount yang diukur dalam penelitian ini
fokus kajian peneliti dalam penelitian ini. Karena berdasarkan 5 aspek menurut J. Charles Alderson
recount teks adalah bentuk tulisan yang tujuannya and Lyle F Bachman (2002:114-115) yaitu Isi,
adalah membangun sebuah teks yang terorganisasi organisasi, kosa kata, tata bahasa, dan mekanika.
atau terstruktur yang dirangkai untuk menceritakan
kejadian- kejadian pada masa lalu. Dengan kata lain,
siswa menceritakan kejadian yang dialami kepada
orang lain yang dapat diungkapkan melalui bentuk KAJIAN LITERATUR
tulisan yang di dalamnya dituliskan kronologis
peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi. Berdasarakan hasil 1. Hakikat Keterampilan Menulis teks recount
observasi dan wawancara peneliti dengan salah satu Bahasa Inggris.
guru bahasa Inggris di SMP Negeri 2 kelas VIII
Way Tenong Lampung Barat pada tanggal 08 a. Pengertian Keterampilan Menulis
Oktober 2015, dengan Ibu Risda Yanti, [Link], beliau
Keterampilan menulis merupakan suatu kegiatan
mengatakan bahwa ada beberapa kesulitan yang
menyusun kalimat-kalimat yang benar sesuai dengan
dialami siswa dalam menulis teks recount, yaitu
kaidah-kaidah gramatika. Keterampilan menulis
pertama siswa kelas VIII sulit dalam membedakan
tidak hanya sekadar menyusun kalimat sesuai dengan
penggunaan tenses yang tepat. Karangan yang
kaidah-kaidah gramatika dan penulisannya, tetapi
seharusnya ditulis dalam bentuk past tense ditulis
juga memerlukan kegiatan untuk memahami dan
dalam bentuk present. Kedua, siswa kesulitan dalam

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merenungkan tulisan yang dapat dipahami oleh telah terlibat secara langsung; (2) factual recount:
pembaca. menceritakan kembali kejadian atau insiden seperti
berita koran, laporan kecelakaan, dan (3) imaginative
Menulis merupakan salah satu dari empat aspek recount: menceritakan peran yang bersifat imajinatif
keterampilan berbahasa. Dorn berpendapat bahwa dan menghubungkan kejadian khayalan. Menulis
menulis adalah sebuah proses komunikasi yang teks recount adalah menceritakan suatu kejadian atau
dipresentasikan melalui simbol-simbol makna peristiwa yang sudah lampau, dan tujuan dari teks
dengan tujuan agar pesan yang dapat recount adalah menghibur pembaca atau
dikomunikasikan kepada orang lain. Menurut Rivers menginformasikan pembaca. Kemudian teks recount
menulis sebenarnya mengkomunikasikan sebuah juga terdapat beberapa jenis yang hendak diceritakan
pesan yang dibatasi oleh waktu dan tempat. Rivers kepada pembaca.
juga berpendapat bahwa menulis adalah sebuah seni
yang membutuhkan usaha langsung secara sadar Dimana sudah dijelaskan di atas bahwa teks recount
dalam pemilihan pola-pola bahasa. adalah salah satu dari jenis teks bahasa Inggris yang
menceritakan kembali kejadian-kejadian atau
Dari kedua pendapat tersebut sama-sama mengacu pengalaman-pengalaman di masa lampau. Tujuan
pada menulis sebagai proses melambangkan bunyi- dari teks recount adalah untuk memberikan informasi
bunyi ujaran berdasarkan aturan-aturan tertentu. atau untuk menghibur pembaca.
Artinya, segala ide, pikiran dan gagasan yang ada
pada penulis disampaikan dengan cara menggunakan Tabel 1. Generic /Schematics Structure of
lambang-lambang bahasa yang terpola. Melalui Recount Text1
lambang-lambang tersebutlah pembaca dapat
memahami apa yang dikomunikasikan oleh penulis. Generic
structure/schema Function
b. Menulis Teks Recount tic structure

Kurikulum Tingkat satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) Orientation Pembukaan (pengenalan

bahasa Inggris dipaparkan pula bahwa salah satu tokoh, tempat, waktu dan
tujuan pengajaran bahasa Inggris adalah agar siswa kejadian/aktivitas si pelaku
mampu berkomunikasi secara tertulis dengan
menggunakan ragam bahasa tulis yang sesuai secara Sequence of Kejadian (rangkaian
lancar dan akurat dalam teks transaksional dan events kejadian yang dilakukan)
interpersonal serta esai pendek berbentuk naratif,
recount, descriptif, report, dan prosedur untuk Re- Simpulan (penutup yang
berinteraksi dengan lingkungan. Dalam hal ini Orientation/Conc menjelaskan tentang
peneliti mengambil teks recount sebagai salah satu lusion perasaan si pelaku dengan
variabel dari penelitian ini. Berikut penjelasan kejadian atau aktivitas
mengenai teks recount. yang dilakukan.

Menulis recount text siswa dituntut untuk

membangun sebuah teks yang terorganisasi atau
terstruktur yang dirangkai untuk menceritakan c. Penilaian Keterampilan Menulis Teks Recount.
kejadian-kejadian pada masa lalu. Dengan kata lain,
siswa menceritakan kejadian yang dialami kepada Rubrik penilaian menulis yang diadaptasi dari skala
orang lain yang dapat diungkapkan melalui bentuk rubrik analitik untuk penilaian tes menulis menurut
tulisan yang di dalamnya dituliskan kronologis Alderson, yaitu menggunakan rubrik penilaian terdiri
peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi. Recount text adalah atas lima kriteria penilaian yang berbeda. Kriteria
jenis teks yang berisi tentang pengalaman pribadi tersebut adalah (1) isi, (2) organisasi, (3) kosakata,
seseorang yang disampaikan secara terurut. Dari (4) tata bahasa, dan (5) mekanika. Kelima criteria
penjelasan tersebut recount text adalah siswa penulisan tersebut dijabarkan kedalam tabel rubrik
menceritakan suatu kejadian atau pengalaman yang penilaian recount text berikut ini.
pernah mereka alami.
Tabel 2. Kriteria Penilaian Keterampilan Menulis
Menurut Middle Primary, teks recount bertujuan Teks Recount
untuk memberikan gambaran kepada pembaca
tentang sebuah peristiwa yang terjadi menurut waktu No. Ko Sub komponen Sk Skor
dan tempat kejadiannya yang difokuskan adalah mp indikator or Minimu
kejadian yang ditulis secara berurutan. Terdapat tiga one penilaian ma m
jenis recount text, yaitu (1) personal recount:
menceritakan kembali pengalaman di mana penulis 1 Ibid, h.107.

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Pengaruh Teknik Pembelajaran Dan Kecerdasan Linguistik Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Teks Recount
Bahasa Inggris

n ksi mempelajari materi. Dalam pembelajaran kooperatif

ma di kelas, para siswa diharapkan dapat saling
l membantu, saling mendiskusikan, dan
1. 
Isi -Wawasan berargumentasi, untuk mengasah pengetahuan yang
tentang isi mereka kuasai saat itu dan menutup kesenjangan
 -Pengetahuan 30 13 dalam pemahaman masing-masing. Metode
topik pembalajaran kooperatif dapat digunakan secara
 - Pengembangan efektif pada setiap tingkatan kelas dan untuk
tesis mengajarkan berbagai macam materi pembelajaran.
 -Relevansi Pembelajaran kooperatif juga dapat digunakan
68
dengan topik sebagai cara utama dalam mengatur kelas untuk
pengajaran.
2. 
Org -Kelancaran
anis pengungkapan Selanjutnya metode ini dapat digunakan untuk

asi -Pengungkapan 20 7
mengajar kemampuan bahasa inggris termasuk
gagasan menulis. Seperti menurut Wandy Jolliffe
 - cooperative learning cocok digunakan untuk
Pengorganisasia mengajar menulis. Hal ini karena prinsip
n cooperative learning adalah siswa belajar bersama
 -Urutan logis untuk meraih prestasi. Dalam pembelajaran di kelas
 -Kepaduan metode ini tepat digunakan untuk mengajar menulis,
kohesif karena ketika siswa mengerjakan tugas menulis
3. 
Kos - dalam kelompok, kemampuan menulis akan lebih
akat Perbendaharaan muda dicapai oleh siswa dimana dalam
a kosakata 20 7 pembelajaran kooperatif learning siswa dapat
 - pemilihan dan mengatasi masalah menulis seperti pengembangan
penggunaan ide, kosa kata, tata bahasa secara bersama-sama
 Kosakata dalam kelompok. Siswa juga dapat mendiskusikan
 - Penguasaan topik yang akan ditulis, dan juga siswa dapat
bentuk kata berbagi pengetahuan dalam kelompok belajar
 - Pemilihan mereka, sehingga siswa dapat menulis dengan
register mudah.
4. 
Tata - Konstruksi
baha kalimat 3. kecerdasan linguistik.
sa Kompleks dan 25 5
Salah satu teori mengenai kecerdasan adalah teori
efektif Primary Mental Ability yang dikembangkan oleh
 - Penggunaan L.L Thustone. Teori ini menjelaskan bahwa
bentuk kata, kecerdasan atau intelegensi tidak terdiri dari dua
 Kata sandang, atau multifactor, akan tetapi terdiri dari sejumlah
kata ganti kecakapan-kecakapan mental yang primer.
 Dan kata depan
5. 
Mek - Penggunaan Ada beberapa factor primer dalam kecerdasan yaitu:
anik tanda baca 5 2 Verbal Comprehension (kemampuan verbal) yang
 - Penggunaan merupakan kemampuan menggunkan bahasa, Word
ejaan, tanda Fluency (kefasihan kata-kata), yaitu faktor
 Baca, dan huruf kelancaran atau kefasihan menggunakan kata, dan
capital faktor ini secara umum dianggap sesuatu indikator
 10 mudah tidaknya seseorang mengubah rasionya dan
0 mengalihkan rasionya sesuai kebutuhan, Number
Facility (faktor bilangan) yaitu kemampuan untuk
bekerja dengan bilangan (kecakapan hitung
2. Hakikat Pembelajaran Kooperatif menghitung). Spatial relation (relasi ruang)
(Cooperative Learning) merupakan suatu kemampuan untuk mengadakan
orientasi dalam ruang (baik dua atau tiga dimensi).
Pembelajaran kooperatif merupakan salah satu Associative memory atau faktor ingatan, yaitu
metode pembelajaran dimana para siswa bekerja merupakan kemampuan untuk mengingat.
dalam kelompok-kelompok kecil untuk saling Perceptual Speed (kecepatan persepsi) yaitu faktor
membantu antara satu dengan yang lainnya dalam persepsi merupakan suatu kemampuan untuk

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mengamati dengan cermat dan tepat. Induction derajat dan derajat kebebasan = 3 ditunjukkan pada
(induksi), yaitu kemampuan untuk berpikir yang tabel di berikut.
logis. Thurstone lebih lanjut menjelaskan bahwa
pengukuran verbal comprehension atau pemahaman Tabel 3. Hasil Perhitungan Uji Homogenitas
verbal, analogi verbal, kalimat yang diacak,
penalaran verbal, dan pencocokan kata. X2 Tabel
2
Kelompok X Kesimpulan
Data Hitung
α = α =
0,01 0,05
A1B1
A1B2 2, 03 21,66 16,9 Homogen
A2B1
METODE PENELITIAN A2B2
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain
eksperimen sesuai rancangan desain faktorial 2 x 2.
Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis Hasil pengujian mengindifikasikan bahwa X2 hitung
varian (ANAVA) dua jalur pada tahaf signifikan α = lebih kecil dari nilai X2 tabel sehingga dapat
0,05 dan α = 0,01 apabila di dalam analisis ditemukan disimpulkan bahwa keempat kelompok data yang
adanya interaksi, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji tuckey. diuji berasal dari sampel yang variansinya homogen.
Sebelum dilakukan uji hipotesis terlebih dahulu
dilakukan uji persyaratan yang meliputi uji Berdasarkan kedua hasil pengujian persyaratan
normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Uji normalitas yang analisis di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa persyaratan
dilakukan menggunakan uji liliefort, sedangkan uji yang diperlukan untuk analisis varians telah
homogenitas menggunakan uji Bartlett. terpenuhi, sehingga layak untuk dilakukan analisis
lebih lanjut untuk melihat perbedaan pengaruh teknik
pembelajaran berdasarkan tingkat kecerdasan
linguistik terhadap hasil keterampilan menulis teks
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
recount siswa pada kelompok perlakuan.
Uji Normalitas Data
Pengujian Hipotesis dan Pembahasan
Pengujian normalitas data dalam penelitian ini
Untuk menguji hipotesis, terlebih dahulu dilakukan
dilakukan terhadap empat kelompok data, yaitu A1B1
analisis varians dua jalur dengan interaksi (ANAVA
(skor hasil keterampilan menulis teks recount siswa
2X2). Tujuan analisis ini untuk melihat perbedaan
yang belajar menggunakan teknik pembelajaran
pengaruh perlakuan yakni teknik pembelajaran
(CIRC) untuk kelompok siswa yang memiliki
kooperatif (teknik pembelajaran CIRC dan teknik
kecerdasan linguistik tinggi), (skor hasil
pembelajaran STAD) serta kecerdasan linguistik
keterampilan menulis teks recount siswa yang
terhadap hasil keterampilan menulis teks recount
belajar menggunakan teknik pembelajaran (CIRC)
siswa. Dapat dilihat dari table berikut:
untuk kelompok siswa yang memiliki kecerdasan
linguistik rendah, A2B1 (skor hasil keterampilan ANAVA Dua Jalur untuk Melihat Pengaruh
menulis teks recount siswa yang belajar dengan Teknik Pembelajaran dan Kecerdasan Linguistik
teknik pembelajaran (STAD) untuk kelompok siswa terhadap Hasil Keterampilan Menulis teks
yang memiliki kecerdasan linguistik tinggi, A2B2 ( Recount.
skor hasil keterampilan menulis teks recount siswa
yang belajar menggunakan teknik pembelajaran
(STAD) untuk kelompok siswa yang memiliki
kecerdasan linguistik rendah).

Uji Homogenitas

Pengujian homogenitas varians dilakukan terhadap

empat kelompok data. Keempat kelompok data
tersebut harus memenuhi asumsi bahwa variansinya
homogen agar dapat dilakukan pengujian terhadap
skor rata - rata antar kelompok perlakuan. Hasil
pengujian dengan uji Barlett pada a = 0,05 dan

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Bahasa Inggris

Tabel 4. Anava Dua Jalur

Sumber D Jumlah Mean Fh Ftabel
Varians k Kuadrat Kuadrat (5%) (1%)
1,44 1,44
Antar Kolom (K) 1 55,225 55,225 0,9 0,25 0,294
9 8
Antar Baris (B) 1 98,775 98,775 1,7 0,25 0,294
7 8
Interaksi (I) 1 142,075 142,075 2,5 0,25 0,294
4 8 70
Dalam (D) 4 2006,7 5,57
0
Total 4
3

Hasil uji perbandingan menggambarkan bahwa Tuckey terhadap dua kelompok tersebut dapat
hasil keterampilan menulis teks recount yang disimpulkan bahwa hasil keterampilan menulis teks
belajar menggunakan teknik pembelajaran (CIRC) recount siswa untuk kelompok yang memiliki
lebih baik daripada hasil keterampilan menulis teks kecerdasan linguistik rendah, lebih baik belajar
recount siswa yang belajar menggunakan teknik menggunakan teknik pembelajaran (CIRC)
pembelajaran (STAD). daripada belajar menggunakan teknik pembelajaran
(STAD).
Pengujian hipotesis pertama menunjukkan bahwa
terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara teknik
pembelajaran (CIRC) dan teknik pembelajaran
(STAD), teknik pembelajaran (CIRC) memberikan KESIMPULAN
pengaruh yang cukup baik bila dibandingkan
dengan teknik pembelajaran (STAD) terhadap hasil Berdasarkan hasii pengujian hipotesis, penelitian ini
keterampilan menulis teks recount siswa. membuktikan bahwa secara keseluruhan,
berdasarkan skor menulis teks Recount,
Pada hipotesis kedua, berdasarkan perhitungan keterampilan menulis teks recount pada kelompok
ANAVA dapat dilihat bahwaaa Fhtung untuk faktor siswa yang belajar menggunakan teknik
interaksi adalah 25, 50 lebih besar daripada Ftabel = pembelajaran (CIRC) lebih baik daripada siswa
2, 95 untuk α = 0,05 dan Ft= 4, 02 untuk α = 0,01. yang belajar menggunakan teknik pembelajaran
Karena Qhitung = 13,09 > Qtabel = 3,15 pada taraf (STAD).
nyata α = 0,05 dan pada taraf nyata α = 0,01
diperoleh Qtabel = 4,48, maka dapat disimpulkan 1. Adanya pengaruh interaksi antara teknik
bahwa terdapat pengaruh interaksi yang sangat pembelajaran dan kecerdasan linguistik
signifikan antara teknik pembelajaran kooperatif terhadap keterampilan menulis teks recount
dan kecerdasan linguistik (tingi dan rendah) siswa.
terhadap hasil keterampilan menulis teks recount 2. Kelompok siswa dengan kecerdasan
siswa. linguistik tinggi, penerapan dengan teknik
pembelajaran (CIRC) memberi hasil
Pada hipotesis ketiga, Karena Qhitung = 7,45 > Qtabel keterampilan menulis teks recount yang lebih
= 3,15 pada taraf nyata α = 0,05 dan pada taraf baik dibandingkan dengan penerapan
nyata α= 0,01 diperoleh Qtabel = 4,48. Berdasarkan penggunaan teknik pembelajaran (STAD).
hasil analisis varians dan uji pembanding, uji 3. Kelompok siswa yang memiliki kecerdasan
Tuckey tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk linguistik rendah, keterampilan menulis teks
siswa yang memiliki kecerdasan linguistik tinggi, recount siswa lebih baik jika belajar
hasil keterampilan menulis teks recount siswa lebih menggunakan teknik pembelajaran (STAD)
baik yang menggunakan teknik pembelajaran dibandingkan menggunakan teknik
(STAD) daripada kelompok dengan teknik pembelajaran (CIRC).
pembelajaran (CIRC).

Pada hipotesis keempat, Karena Qhitung = 10,18 > PROFIL PENULIS

Qtabel = 3,15 pada taraf nyata ᾳ= 0,05 dan pada taraf
nyata α = 0,01 diperoleh Qtabel = 4,48. Berdasarkan Oktariyani, lahir pada tanggal 14 Oktober 1988 di
hasil analisis varians dan uji pembanding, uji Banjit, Lampung Utara, sebagai anak kedua dari

70 Oktariyani, Layni Asra

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

pasangan bapak alm. Tapsilo dan ibu Maisarah. Penilaian Pembelajaran Bahasa Berbasis
Istri dari Ahmad Qosasih ini pernah bersekolah di Kompetensi. Yogyakarta: BPFE –
SD N 1 Banjit pada tahun 1994, lalu pada tahun Yogyakarta.
1997 pindah ke SDN 1 M. Emil dan lulus SD pada
tahun 2000. Masuk SMP Negeri 02 Tanjung Agung Connelly, Mark. (2013) The Sundance Writer: A
dan lulus pada tahun 2005, lalu masuk SMA di Rhetoric, Reader, Research Guide, and
Baturaja yaitu di SMA Muhammadiyah, dan lulus Handbook USA: Publication.
pada tahun 2007. Kemudian kuliyah SI di
Universitas Baturaja mengambil jurusan Daeng Nurjamal, Warta Sumirat; Riadi
Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, dan lulus pada tahun
2011. Tahun 20012 masuk Program S2 Pendidikan Darwis. (2011) Terampilan Berbahasa,
Bahasa PPS Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ). Menyusun Karya Tulis Akademik,
Lulus pada tahun 2014. Memandu Acara (MC- Moderator), dan
Menulis Surat . Bandung: Penerbit
Oktariyani pernah mengajar di lembaga kursus Alfabeta.
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Timur. Pernah mengajar di SD Perguruan Rakyat 3 Elizabeth G. Cohen. (2004). Teaching Cooperative
Jakarta sebagai guru eskul Bahasa Inggris. Learning. New York:University State.
Mengajar juga di yayasan Islam Al-hidayah Pondok
H. Douglas Brown. (2004). Language
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Pondok Gede Bekasi. Saat ini Oktariyani adalah Assessment: Principles and Classroom
dosen tetap di Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Practices. White Plains NY: Pearson
Lampung. Dan dosen luar biasa di di Universitas Education.
Trilogi Jakarta.
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Laini Asra, lahir di Sukananti, 23 Januari 1987.
Pernah bersekolah di SD N 1 Sukaraja. lulus SD Efektifitas Pembelajaran Kelompok.
pada tahun 1996. Masuk SMP Negeri 01 Way Bandung: Alfabeta.
Tenung. lulus pada tahun 2002. Sekolah di MAN 2
Tanjung Karang lulus pada tahun 2005. Jolliffe, Wandy. (2007) Cooperative Learning in
Menyeselaikan kuliah diploma III di Universitas The Classroom. London: Publication
Lampung jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Lulus Company.
pada tahun 2009. dan melanjutkan S1 di STKIP
Bandar Lampung mengambil jurusan Pendidikan Judy S, Richardson, Raymond F. Morgan, and
Bahasa Inggris.. Tahun 20011. Masuk Program S2 Charlene Fleener. (2009). Reading to
Pendidikan Bahasa PPS Universitas Negeri Jakarta Learn in the
(UNJ). Lulus pada tahun 2014. Laini Asra pernah
mengajar di SMA N 1 Bandar Negeri Ruoh Content Area. USA.
Lampung Barat, 2010-2011. dan saat ini megajar di
SMP N 1 Sumber Jaya Lampung Barat. .JB. Heaton. (1988) Writing English

Language Tests. London: Longman

Handbooks for Language Teachers.
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Jack C. Richards, Willy a. Renandya.
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Practice Australia: Cambridge University
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J. Charles Alderson & Lyle F Bachman.
Agus, Suprriojono. (2012). Cooperative
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Learning Teori dan Aplikasi Paikem Cambridge:University Press.
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Burhan, Nurgiyantoro. (2010).
Teach Writing. England: Pearson
Educational Limited.

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Pengaruh Teknik Pembelajaran Dan Kecerdasan Linguistik Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Teks Recount
Bahasa Inggris

Mark, Connelly, The Sundance Writer.

(2013) A Rhetoric, Reader, Research

Guide, and Handbook

USA:Publication.

Regina, L Smalle, Mary K Ruentte; and

Joann Rishel Koz. (2007). Developing 72

Writing Skills. Singapore: Learners
Publishing Pte Ltd.

Slavin, Robert E. (2005) Cooperative Learning;

Teori, Riset, dan Praktik. London:
Allemand Bacon.

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Publication Company.

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Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438
[Link]

Deixis And Its Context Used In “Girl In Pieces” Novel By Kathleen

Glasglow
Ary Iswanto Wibowo, Nida Nailufar
1
STIBA Nusa Mandiri, Jakarta
arysof123@[Link]
2
Akademi Bahasa Asing BSI Jakarta
nidanailufar@[Link]

Cara Sitasi :
Wibowo, A. I., & Naulfar, N. (2018). Deixis And Its Context Used In “Girl In Pieces” Novel By Kathleen
Glasglow. Wanastra, 10(2), 73–84.

Abstract – Deixis is an interesting topic in pragmatic. Deixis is a word that represents something else in
utterance. It could be referred to a person, to place, and to time. The reason of choosing deixis is because the
languages in the novel often use pragmatic language. The writers used descriptive qualitative method to analyse
deixis used in Girl in Pieces novel by Kathleen Glasglow. The procedures are collecting data, processing data,
and analysis data. The result of this research indicated that there are three types of deixis used in the novel,
person deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal deixis. Person deixis consist of first person deixis to identify the
speaker, second person deixis used to appoint the addressee, and third person deixis refer to a person neither the
speaker nor the addressee. Spatial deixis used to explain the location of certain utterance. Temporary deixis
have function to describe an exact time of utterance. There are 676 deixis found in chapter one of the novel,
consist of 569 person deixis, 85 spatial deixis, and 22 temporal deixis. By apprehending the deixis, people could
avoid misunderstanding, avoid confusion, and gain more information.

Keywords: Linguistics, Pragmatics, Semantics, Deixis

INTRODUCTION (b) the time of utterance – otherwise, we wouldn’t

know when “yesterday” was—
Language consists of word, symbol, number, body (c) where this sentence was uttered – because
language, or even art. People often express “here” can be anywhere –
something with language through diary, song, (d) who “I” was speaking to – the utterance says
poetry, novel, film, painting, craft, etc. However only that it is a female person (“her”), she “) –
language also has aesthetic side. The result of and
producing language can be found in form of speech, (e) a part of what said before – namely what is
book, song, painting, and movie. Sometimes, the taken up by “that”.
language in novel, poetry, and song often use
pragmatic language. In pragmatic language, people In general, we don’t have any problem in
have to know the meaning of reference word or interpreting utterance of this kind, since all
known as deixis to understand about the whole necessary information is provided either by the
context. non-linguistic context --- (a), (b), and (c) may be
derived from situation ---, or by the linguistic
As stated in Weissenborn and Klein natural context --- (d) and (e) may be gathered from what
language is always used in certain situations – at a has been said before. A speaker who plans his
certain time and at a certain place by people who utterance can take it for granted that the listener has
share a great deal of both situational perception and access to his contextual information, and this
general knowledge. this contextual boundness clearly affects the way in which the utterance is
determines to a large extent how utterances in produced – what is made fully explicit, and what is
natural language are produced and comprehended. left to the context.
An utterance like “I told her that yesterday, when
she was here” is fully understandable only if we are They also stated contextuality is not only one of the
able to identify most fundamental characteristics of natural
(a) the speaker – the word “I” itself doesn’t tell us languages – in contrast to formal languages; it is
who performed the action – also one of the central links between language,
perception, and cognition: what is meant when

Diterima: 16-08-18 Direvisi: 06-09-18 Disetujui:10-09-18 73

Deixis And Its Context Used In “Girl In Pieces” Novel By Kathleen Glasglow

something is uttered depends on the linguistic form when someone sad, people just hug them. Without a
of the utterance, on features of the situation as word, it could be another way of saying it is going
perceived by speaker and listener (including to be fine in the end.
previous utterances), and on general knowledge
shared by them. The various example of context is ranging from
retail, tourism and banking to dating, weight loss
Deixis is interesting topic but unfortunately just a and social media. (Cummins, et al, 2014:182). It
few people learn about it because it is rarely heard means that context comes from informal situation
or known in daily life. Most people do not know and formal situation.
about deixis because it looks unimportant, but it can
be said that deixis is one of the important things in In context, a speaker may intend to use her words to
pragmatic in order to get to know the meaning of represent particular representations, or sorts of
utterance of author’s writing. Deixis can be found representations, of the person to whom she’s
in language form of writing and speaking, even in ascribing belief (Richard, 2013:22). It means that in
your story that you tell to your friend. If there is context, the speaker takes a full control of words
wrong meaning of deixis, there will be wrong in her when describing something to someone in
understanding. particular representation ascribing belief.

There are three types of deixis, they are person Based on the whole theories above, it can be
deixis, place deixis, and time deixis. In order to concluded that context is essential. It also mean as
learn more about the deixis, the types of deixis and circumstances, purpose, topic, and person. Slightly
the meaning of deixis, the writers uses novel as the context is also a symbol or gesture. It could be in
object to analyse the deixis. In daily life people read form of informal or formal conversation that
novel in their spare time, so it will be easy to depends on the utterance.
understand by a reader. Novel usually tells story
Deixis is one of the branches in pragmatics. Deixis
about our daily life such as romance, horror, action,
is word that reference to another word. Even though
mystery, and family. In novel sometimes there will
deixis only refer to another word, deixis is also very
be misunderstanding between the writers and the
important to understand the meaning of a whole
reader’s perception. In order to prevent error and to
sentence or story.
understand easily, the writers chooses to analyse
deixis used in a novel. While according to Yule in Abdullah (2015:4),
deixis is one of the most fundamental elements we
discuss in the perspective of contextual
Girl in Pieces novel by Kathleen Glasglow is a
interpretation of an utterance. It means that in
novel about a seventeen years old girl, named
contextual interpretation of utterance, deixis is
Charlotte Davis who lost her father and her mother.
essential because one single mistake could be
The journey of her life was begun when she became
ruining the whole message. Bühler added that
vulnerable and lost her mind for a while. Charlie
deixis is pointing out a relation of some sort
had to live in treatment center, even though she still
personal, temporal, locational, etc. that holds
had two brothers. Charlie struggled with her life
between the speaker and the situation (Ajimer &
and tries to build her life again.
Rühlemann, 2015:332). It means deixis is pointing
Context is when reference is made only, or that involves person, time, and location between the
predominantly, to the non-linguistic situation in speaker and the situation.
which an utterance is made from who is addressing
whom, whether formally or informally, why, when, According to Levinson S. C.
where, etc, for what purpose, we speak of the
Deixis is an important field studied in pragmatics,
context of situation (Weiner, 2014:96). It means
semantics and linguistics. Deixis refers to the
context is reference from the utterance made from
phenomenon wherein understanding the meaning of
the speaker and the listener, the reason, the purpose,
certain words and phrases in an utterance requires
time, place of the conversation. It could be said that
contextual information. Words or phrases that
context is situation of the communication.
require contextual information to convey any
Certain contexts may favour a particular speech act, meaning are deictic; and furthermore Deixis
e.g. when conditions for the offering of concerns the ways in which languages encode ...
condolences exist, but the speech act of condoling features of the context of utterance ... and thus also
is what a speaker does within the situation (Allan & concerns ways in which the interpretation of
Nodoushan, 2015:4). It means context sometimes utterance/es depends on the analysis of that context
using gesture depend on the situation. For example of utterance. (Dylgjeri, 2013:87–88).

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It means that deixis is can be included in people identified as addressee, such as you,
pragmatics, semantics, and linguistics. Deixis refers yourself, yourselves, your, yours.
to some another words or something else to c. Third person (He, She, It, They). Third person
understand the meaning of specific words and deixis is a deictic reference to referens not
phrase in an utterance based on the context. The identified as the speaker or addressee and
words or phrases that need the context to convey usually imply to the gender that the utterance
the meaning are deictic. refers to, for example: he, she, they, him,
himself, her, and herself.
Deictic is a word that has a pointing function that is
used in deixis. While deixis is the use of certain Table 1.
linguistic items to refer to entities by pointing at
them linguistically instead of providing information The Pattern of Word in Person Deixis
about their type, size, colour and so on. (Brown &
Miller, 2013:25). It means deictic is the word and a Person Singular Plural
part of deixis, sometimes deictic expression could
be called as deixis. Deictic expression is also 1st Person I/Me We/Us
known as indexical, while deixis is linguistic topic
that refers an object by pointing at them 2nd Person You You
linguistically instead of giving information about
the object. For example "that guy is well-groomed" 3rd Person He/Him, She/Her, It They/Them
instead of "the handsome shiny hair guy in black
suit is well-groomed".
2. Spatial Deixis
Based on the explanation above, it can be conclude
that deixis is branch of pragmatics which along Spatial deixis is deixis that point out to a place.
with semantic. Deixis is point or reference some Levinson says that, the expression of place deixis
words meaning in contextual of utterance. It requires contextual information about the place of
concern about who is the speaker, the time or place the utterance (Pangaribuan, Manik, & Pasaribu,
of speaking, and the current location in the 2015:173). Examples of spatial deixis from modern
discourse. Deixis might be indicated through English are: here, there; come, go; bring, take; this,
physically e.g., pointing in direction, words here or that etc. Yule differentiated with two basic terms:
there, gesture point at someone, and language e.g. proximal which is near speaker for example this,
pronouns I, You, this, that, here, there, etc. here, now and distal which is a way from speaker
i.e. that, there, then.
Yule in Abdullah (2015:5) discusses the following
three main types of deixis; person deixis, spatial 3. Temporal Deixis
deixis, and temporal deixis.
Simpson stated that temporal or time deixis,
1. Person Deixis “concerns the ways in which the time of the events
referred to in an utterance (reference time - mine)
According to Fillmore in Ivanova (2016:333) interacts with the time of the utterance itself
Person deixis is “the identity of the interlocutors in (encoding time - mine)” (Ivanova, 2016:333).
a communication situation”. It means that person Temporal deixis is deixis that point out at time. In
deixis is deixis that point out to a person. The temporal deixis, linguistic expressions depend for
person in here could be the speaker, the listener or their interpretation on knowing the relevant
the addressee, and the other person. In the utterance time. Yule for instance, now: time
perspective of person deixis I, you, he. Yule coinciding with speaker utterance, then: past and
furnishes the concept of deixis tripartite system: future time relative to speaker's present time,
speaker is I, addressee is you, and other is he, she, yesterday, tomorrow, tonight, tomorrow, today:
it. According to Levinson in Pratiwi (2018:41), tense.
there are three types of person deixis.
Novel is a piece of prose united as a book with
a. First person (I/We). The first person deixis genre fiction, romance, mystery, or daily life.
is a reference that refers to the speaker or both People read novel when they need to relax but
speaker and referent grouped with the speaker sometimes other people called them book nerd. In
which is expressed in singular pronouns such as fact, reading novel also help us to gain knowledge.
I, me, myself, mine and plural pronouns such as Kennedy stated that “a novel is a book-length story
we, us, ourselves, our, ours. in prose, whose author tries to create the sense that,
b. Second person (You). The second person while we read, we experience actual life.” (Desi
deixis is a deictic reference to a person or Pratama, 2016:50). It means that novel is an actual

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Deixis And Its Context Used In “Girl In Pieces” Novel By Kathleen Glasglow

imagination in real life created by the authors. It research participant, researcher, or another observer
have a book length story, if it is short, it is not a (relative, teacher, tester, employer).
novel.
Data have been taken naturally. As what is said by
According to Bronze in Desi Pratama (2016:50) Ritchie, many of the methods used in qualitative
stated “a novel is longer-often much longer- than a research were developed to allow investigation of
short story.” It means that novel is longer than short phenomena in their natural settings. They provide
story. Usually novel comes in a form of book but in data which is an ‘enactment’ of social behaviour on
this modern era, it will fit in your phone. Just buy its own social setting, rather than a ‘recounting’ of
the book online, it will go straight to your phone it generated specifically for the research study.
screen. It is getting easy to read novel anywhere They are of particular value where behaviours and
without the consequence of heavily book. interactions (whether acted, spoken or written) need
to be understood in ‘real world’ contexts.
While Watt in Maioli (2016:10) stated “that the
novel is a full and authentic report of human Referring to the research of the deixis used in Girl
experience, and is therefore under an obligation to in Pieces novel by Kathleen Glasglow, the writers
satisfy its readers with such details of the story as formulate the problem of their findings as follow:
the individuality of the actors concerned and the the types of deixis used and the meaning context of
particulars of the times and places of their actions.” it, and the use of deixis affecting the context in
It means that novel is an authentic story of human reading.
experience which is completed by individual
character and particular times and place.

Novels register the silent changes that shape the FINDING AND DISCUSSION
possibilities of social interactions and form the
earliest stirrings of the imagination, and they The writers found five types of deixis in the novel
change as they capture the exquisite nuances that but only three types of deixis that are going to
are the germs of the future (Wald & Elliott, categorize in this paper which are person deixis,
2014:xix). It means that novels somehow manage to spatial deixis, and temporal deixis. Person deixis is
build social interaction with an encouragement of divided into sub types; first person, second person,
imagination. When catch the magnificent situation and third person. While spatial deixis tends to lead
it change the plot of story which is the beginning of a place whether it is far or near from the speaker
the future. according to context. Temporal deixis is point a
time that could be past, present, and future time.
Based on the explanation above, the writers Temporal deixis a little less found in the novel
concludes that novel is story about human because the speaker usually says for present time.
experience or imagination with the details of The meaning of deixis is very important in
character, time, and place which have a book- sentence. While the meaning of deixis could be a
length. While read novel, it could make us feel person, time, or place.
experience an actual life just like the story in the
novel. Below are the further explanation of deixis in the
novel, after the writers categorized them in to three
types; person deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal
deixis according to Yule theories. It would be
METHOD OF RESEARCH followed by the meaning of deixis in an utterance
said by a speaker.
This research was conducted by qualitative
approach. Qualitative research is concerned with
developing explanations of social phenomena. That 1. Person Deixis
is to say, it aims to help us to understand the social
world in which we live and why things are the way Based on Levinson in Pratiwi (Pratiwi, 2018)
they are. Therefore, the writers describe the topic Person deixis involves the identification of the
they discussed based on the context of unusual participants. It means person deixis is an utterance
terminology. The deixis that the writers describe that appoints a person. Person deixis divided in to
was the interpretation of themselves as the three types, there are first person, second person,
researchers. As quoted by Duff, many – but and third person.
certainly not all (e.g., Yin, 2003b) – qualitative
researchers in the social sciences and humanities, a. First Person
especially in the 21st century, believe that the same
phenomenon or event may be viewed by the

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First person deixis refers to the speaker herself. Excerpt 4 (Page 34 paragraph 1)
Sometimes the deixis of the first person could be I
as singular and We as plural. The words that Louisa: “I need to tell you, you aren’t the same as
include as first person deixis according to Levinson us, you know? Look around. These sheets, this bed,
in Pratiwi (2018:41) are I, Me, Myself, Mine, We, our meds, the doctors. Everything here speaks
Us, Our, Ours, and Ourself. Those are the first money. Are you listening?”
person deixis used in the novel.
The utterance is said by Louisa. There was first
Excerpt 1 (Page 11 paragraph 2) person deixis ‘our’. The function of the word is the
object as plural pronoun. Our referred to Louisa and
Louisa: “My problem, it gets in the way” Charlie. While the meaning is Louisa said that
Charlie is different from the other girls in Creeley.
The utterance is said by Louisa. There was a first Everything is paid by family patient including the
person deixis, ‘My’. My referred to the speaker sheets, bed, meds, and the doctors. Because some
herself which is Louisa. It able to include in first patient is having mental issues from their family, in
person deixis because the word “my” is a that case the girls sent off to treatment center
possessive objective to something that belong to her otherwise the girls choose to stay in Creeley
as singular pronoun. While the meaning according avoiding from people outside.
the context, Louisa wants the listener to know that
the problem is her nervousness. It blocks her way in Excerpt 5 (Page 43 paragraph 3)
music career to sing in a band that is why she did
not sing in a band anymore. Charlie: “Nurse. Ava. Bought. Me. This.
Underwear.”
Excerpt 2 (Page 18 paragraph 3)
The utterance is said by Charlie. There was first
Casper: “You just missed Easter at Creeley. You person deixis ‘me’. Me referred to the speaker
were a little out of it. You didn’t miss much. We herself, Charlie. The word me have a function as
can’t really have a giant bunny hopping around a the subject of singular pronoun. The context was
psych ward, can we?” because Charlie thinks hurting herself was making
her feel better but the problem is after, the scars.
The utterance is said by [Link] also known as Nurse Vinnie took care of Charlie’s scars on her
Casper. There was first person deixis ‘we’. The skin. Charlie who was mute suddenly said to Nurse
function of the word we is subject of plural Vinnie that the pink underwear she had was bought
pronoun. The word we referred to Casper, Charlie, by Nurse Ava.
the staff, and the girls at Creeley. According to
context, Casper was answering Charlie question b. Second Person
about how long she has been in Creeley center.
Charlie has been in Creeley for six days since the Second person deixis refers to the addressee of
middle of April. Actually, Charlie just missed speaker. It is known as the You person. The form of
Easter at Creeley but there is not so much going on. deixis according to Yule in second person deixis are
Even, they do not have giant bunny in treatment you, your, yourself, and yourselves. Those are the
centre for psychic patient. second person deixis used in the novel.

Excerpt 3 (Page 24 paragraph 4) Excerpt 1 (Page 3 paragraph 3)

Barbero: “I get to be your teacher” The security guard: “Holy Mother of God, girl,
what’s been done to you?”
The utterance is said by Barbero. There was first
person deixis ‘I’. I referred to the speaker, Barbero. The utterance is said by security guard of Region
The word I have a function which is the subject as Hospital. There was second person deixis ‘you’. It
singular pronoun. The context is Jen S. was taking referred to the addressee in the utterance that is
Charlie to Rec. room. Barbero was already in the Charlie. It was on the lawn of Regions Hospital,
room. The doctor in Creeley center thinks that Charlie was left alone. She was wrapped in a bed
Charlie needed a project. Therefore the good doctor sheet with freezing sleet and snow. Then the
asked Barbero to help Charlie in learning. It is just security guard who found her smelled menthol
like back to school for Charlie. Barbero is going to cigarettes and the flat stink of machine coffee. So
be Charlie’s teacher who checks her lesson and he saved her from freezing in a cold wet grass.
quizzes.

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Deixis And Its Context Used In “Girl In Pieces” Novel By Kathleen Glasglow

Excerpt 2 (Page 22 paragraph 2) because she was hiding in the attic. Yet he is one of
the reason why Charlie hurting herself.
Doc Dooley: “We had to take everything out, for
your safety.” c. Third Person

The utterance is said by Doc Dooley. There was Third person deixis refers to someone else neither
second person deixis ‘your’. It referred to Charlie’s the speaker nor the addressee that could have a far
safety. The context was Doc Dooley gave Charlie or a near distance from the speaker. The words that
her backpack but its empty. The green backpack are including as third person deixis according to
which have a lot of her stuff such tender kit, socks, Yule for example he, she, they, him, himself, her,
underwear, rolls of toilet paper, pills, canister film, herself, and it. Those are the third person deixis
sketchpad, pens, and Land camera. Doc Dolley used in the novel.
emptied it for Charlie’s safety because she might
hurt herself with that stuff. Excerpt 1 (Page 64 paragraph 1)

Excerpt 3 (Page 34 paragraph 3) Charlie: “No. No, he didn’t get me.”

Louisa: “You need to prepare yourself, is all I’m The utterance is said by Charlie. There was third
saying.” person deixis ‘he’. It referred to Frank. The
function of the word he is the subject as singular
The utterance is said by Louisa. There was second pronoun. The context Charlie and Evan were
person deixis ‘yourself’. The function of word talking about their dark old times. When Evan and
yourself referred to Charlie. Louisa said that Dump took Charlie to Seed House, there was a man
because she was talking about her life in Creeley. named Frank with black eyes and hungry eyes.
Louisa was thrown away by her family who paid Every girl that came to Seed house and got in the
for her fees to take rehabilitation in Creeley. It room with red door always disappears after that.
means Charlie have to prepare herself to face up Charlie who hid in the attic did not get noticed by
with real world that everything is about money. Frank. That is why Frank did not get Charlie.

Excerpt 4 (Page 51 paragraph 1) Excerpt 2 (Page 65 paragraph 4)

Casper: “Talking. Cutting your hair. Bandages off. Evan: “You know, that comic book you made. I
How do you feel?” don’t know, I just like it. It’s cool, you know, like,
seeing me in there. Like I’m famous or
The utterance is said by Casper. There was second something. I read a little every day.”
person deixis ‘your’. The function of the word your
referred to Charlie’s belonging which is her hair. The utterance is said by Evan. There was third
The context was in individual session Casper talked person deixis ‘it’. The word it referred to comic
to Charlie that she did big changes. Charlie who book. The function of the word it is object as
was mute just started talking, cutting her hair, and singular pronoun. Evan was telling Charlie that he
taking off her bandages that cover her scars. It is a took her comic book so he feels sorry. He took that
good way to start new life. comic book because he likes the drawing of himself
in the book that made by Charlie. He feels famous,
Excerpt 5 (Page 64 paragraph 1) cool, and feels something so he is happy that he
read it every day.
Charlie: “ But he’s part of why I did it. You know?
Like, the straw and the camel. Everything. Do you Excerpt 3 (Page 66 paragraph 2)
understand?”
Charlie: “She’s excellent.”
The utterance is said by Charlie. There was second
person deixis ‘you’. The word you referred to Evan. The utterance is said by Charlie. There was third
Evan was calling to check on Charlie. He asked the person deixis ‘she’. The word she referred to
reason of Charlie’s hurting herself. Evan Charlie’s mom. The function of the word she is the
remembered a long time ago there was an accident subject of singular pronoun. While the context is
in Seed House. When he, Dump, Charlie, and Ellis there was a phone call for Charlie from her mother.
entered the house, a man named Frank with bad When she talked on the phone, it turned out Evan
intention whose came for Charlie. Frank did bad who was pretend to be her mother. In that case,
things to the girls that he met, and then the girls will Charlie’s friend who thought she got a phone call
disappear or a mess. Luckily, he did not get Charlie from her mother ask how her mother doing when

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the phone call over. Charlie could easily answer The utterance is said by Louisa. There was spatial
that her mother is excellent on vacation to Portland. deixis ‘here’. The word here referred to Creeley
Center. The function of the word here is adverb of
Excerpt 4 (Page 72 paragraph 1) place. The word ‘here’ is proximal terms because
when Louisa said ‘here’, she was in Creeley center
Teacher: “Charlotte, I know things are so hard right at that moment. Louisa explained to Charlie that
now,but they’ll get better. Sometimes it takes a she has been the first girl in Creeley when they
while to find that special friend, but you will. Oh, opened a long time ago. She just likes the queen
gosh, I don’t think I had a really good-good friend who never had planned to leave Creeley.
until I was in high school.”
Excerpt 2 (Page 22 paragraph 3)
The utterance is said by Charlie’s teacher. There
was third person deixis ‘they’. They referred to the Doc Dooley: “But you can have these”
circumstances. The function of the word they is
object as plural pronoun. When Charlie was The utterance is said by Doc Dooley. There was
elementary school student in fourth grade, she did spatial deixis ‘these’. The word these referred to a
not have a friend. There was a nice teacher who photograph of Charlie, Ellis, Mikey, and Danny.
never yelled. She told Charlie that it is okay if you The function of the word these is the object. The
do not have a friend right now, it take time to find word ‘these’ is proximal terms because Doctor
the special friend. Even though the circumstances Dooley said it while giving square linen of Charlie
are hard right now, it will be better. The teacher and friends photograph. The context was Doctor
itself found her good friend in high school. Dooley was giving a green backpack to Charlie, her
backpack. The backpack was empty, they emptied
Excerpt 5 (Page 78 paragraph 2) it. Doctor Dooley only gave Charlie a photograph
for her to keep for her own safety.
Casper: “Your mother’s not working right now, so
there isn’t any possibility of coverage. As I Excerpt 3 (Page 25 paragraph 1)
understand it, some of your stay has been covered
by your grandmother, but she’s unable to continue Barbero: “the good doctor says you have to start
due to her own health and financial care issues.” taking meds at night to sleep and I have a feeling
you don’t wanna do that. She’d rather have you in
The utterance is said by Casper. There was third here than creeping down the halls like you do.
person deixis ‘it’. The word it referred to the Because that’s fucking weird”
coverage of Charlie’s stay. The function of the
word it is the object as singular pronoun. Dr. Helen The utterance is said by Barbero. There was spatial
and Dr. Stinson told that Charlie was being deixis ‘that’. The word that referred to take
discharged because she made strong strides in such medicines. The function of the word that is as an
a short time and there is not any possibility of object. The word that is distal terms because that is
coverage for her stay. Charlie’s mother was not taking medicine that happen every night before the
working and her grandmother who used to cover girls going to bed.
her stay could not continue due to health and
financial issues. Excerpt 4 (Page 37 paragraph 5)

Blue: “Tell everybody what you wrote on your

2. Spatial Deixis paper, there, Silent Sue”

Spatial Deixis is deixis word refers to place whether The utterance is said by Blue. There was spatial
it is near or far from the speaker according Yule deixis ‘there’. The word there referred to the paper.
(Pangaribuan et al., 2015:173). Example of spatial The function of the word there is object. The word
deixis according to Levinson are here, there; come, there is distal terms because Blue asked Charlie to
go; bring, take; this, that etc. While Yule proximal read what is written on a paper. It was a Group
which is near speaker for example this, here, now time, everyone has time to speak up their mind. But
and distal which is a way from speaker i.e. that, Charlie just wrote what is going in her mind on a
there, then. Those are the spatial deixis used in the piece of paper. It is written out. Get it out. Cut it all
novel. out and Blue accidentally saw the written on
Charlie’s paper.
Excerpt 1 (Page 11 paragraph 1)
Excerpt 5 (Page 45 paragraph 1)
Louisa: “I was the very first fucking girl here, back
when they opened, for God’s sake”

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Deixis And Its Context Used In “Girl In Pieces” Novel By Kathleen Glasglow

Nurse Vinnie: “You apply this twice a day. That that will be having a vacant room early next month.
shit’s gonna itch real bad now that it’s out in the air. The Palace has specialized on substance addiction
Gonna feel tight and kinda prickly.” that will be her subset.

The utterance is said by Nurse Vinnie. There was Excerpt 3 (Page 79 paragraph 2)
spatial deixis ‘this’. The word this referred to a
cream. The function of the word this is object. The Charlie: “It’s still cold outside.”
word this is proximal terms because Nurse Vinnie
was talking while giving a cream to Charlie. The The utterance is said by Charlie. There was
context was Nurse Vinnie took care of Charlie’s temporal deixis ‘cold’. The word cold referred to
scars that caused by hurting herself. After cleaning the weather. The function of the word cold is
the scars, Nurse Vinnie was giving Charlie a cream adverb of time. It is explain that the weather outside
for her scars to apply the cream twice a day. The is cold because it’s autumn. The context was
cream was given to reduce her pain. Charlie was being discharge from Creeley. She will
live with her mother again. She makes a reason that
the weather outside is cold. When actually she just
3. Temporal Deixis does not want to live with her mother who yelled at
her, hit her, and broke her. She could not bear with
Temporal Deixis is deixis word refers to time that all of those things anymore.
the speaker mean in an utterance (Ivanova, 2016).
The forms of temporal deixis are now, then, Excerpt 4 (Page 85 paragraph 1)
yesterday, tomorrow, today, tonight, next weeks,
last weeks, and this weeks. Below there are Mikey: “I told you I was coming! You were
temporal deixis used in the novel. supposed to put me on a visitors’ list or something.
I’m only here for one more day. I’m here for the
Excerpt 1 (Page 47 paragraph 5) show later tonight and then we go in the morning.”

Nurse Vinnie: “Now. Has to be now.” The utterance is said by Mikey. There was temporal
deixis ‘in the morning’. In the morning referred to
The utterance is said by Nurse Vinnie. There was morning after which represent future time. The
temporal deixis ‘now’. The word now referred to function of the word in the morning is adverb of
right at the moment in present time. The function of time. It is explain that Mikey mad because he is not
the word now is explaining that the activity has to in the visitor list. Although Charlie was certain that
be done right now. The context was Charlie in a she put Mikey name on the list. Mikey promised he
care room, it was time to take a good care of was coming over, but he does not have plenty of
Charlie’s appearance. Charlie washed her body, but time because he comes for the show tonight, and
still feels empty. She saw a picture of Nurse Vinnie then they go in the morning.
with all the other girls, pretty hair, smiley face, and
chubby cheeks. Nurse Vinnie saw that then decided Excerpt 5 (Page 98 paragraph 4)
to cut Charlie hair, even though she did not want to.
Nurse Vinnie was going to cut her hair right now, it Charlie’s mom: “Your friend Mike came by late
has to be at that time. last night. We all know it’s not gonna work out,
you with me, or you in some freaking teen halfway
Excerpt 2 (Page 78 paragraph 3) house. That’s not you, Charlotte. I don’t know what
is you, but I’m not it, and I’m pretty sure some
Dr. Helen: “There’s a halfway house that may have curfew house isn’t it. Mike’s mom bought you a
room for you, possibly as early as next month. bus ticket to Arizona. You’ll stay in his apartment
They specialize in substance addiction, but that is down there. He says he’ll help you.”
one of your subsets. You’ll need to stay with your
mother before then, of course, since you can’t stay The utterance is said by Charlie’s mom. There was
here. No one wants you back in your previous temporal deixis ‘late last night’. Late last night
situation, no one.” referred to yesterday in the middle of the night. The
function of the word late last night is adverb of
The utterance is said by [Link]. There was time. Charlie’s mother is explaining the relationship
temporal deixis ‘next month’. The word next month of Charlie and her mother is not going to work out,
referred to a month after Charlie’s release. The curfew house or even Charlie living at Palace.
function of the word next month is adverb of time. Yesterday in the middle of the night, Mikey came
The context, Charlie was being discharge but she bring a bus ticket to Arizona which Mikey’s mom
have to live with her mother for a while until next bought it for Charlie because he have an apartment
month. Then she could live at the house on Palace there and he will help her.

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Types of Deixis used in the Novel Table 4.

a. Person Deixis Data of Words as Third Person Deixis

Table 2. No. Deixis Amount of deixis

Data of Words as First Person Deixis 1 He 18

Amount of 2 His 2
No. Deixis
deixis
3 Him 3
1 I 120
4 She 25
2 Me 29
5 Her 11
3 My 21
6 It 37
4 we 29
7 Itself 1
5 us 4
8 They 18
6 Our 3
9 them 2
7 Myself 1
10 Their 1
Total 207
Total 118

Based on the table of data above, the most first

person deixis used is I refer to the speaker herself. Based on the table of data above, the most third
Then, in the second place there is two deixis word person deixis used is It refer to someone or to
Me and We. Me refers to speaker herself as singular something as singular pronoun. Then, in the second
pronoun and We refer to speaker as plural pronoun. place there is deixis word She. She refers neither to
The deixis word My is in the third place, followed the speaker nor the addressee. The deixis word He
by Us, Our, and Myself. and They is in the third place, followed by Her,
Him, His, Them, Itself, and Their.

Table 3. b. Spatial deixis

Data of Words as Second Person Deixis
Table 5.
No. Deixis Amount of deixis
Data of Words as Spatial Deixis
1 You 194
No. Deixis Amount of deixis
2 Your 41
1 Here 25
3 Yours 1
2 There 14
4 Yourself 8
3 This 17
Total 244
4 That 26

5 Those 1
Based on the table of data above, the most second
6 These 2
person deixis used is You refer to the addressee or
to the listener. Then, in the second place there is Total 85
deixis word Your. Your refers to possessive
adjective. The deixis word Yourself is in the third
place, followed by Yours.

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Deixis And Its Context Used In “Girl In Pieces” Novel By Kathleen Glasglow

Based on the table of data above, the most spatial

deixis used is That refer a distal place which is far The Affect of Deixis in Reading the Novel
from the speaker. Then, in the second place there is
deixis word Here. Here refers to proximal place After found deixis and analyzed the meaning of
which is near the speaker. The deixis word This is deixis in the novel, the writers is going to give an
in the third place, followed by There, These, and explanation of how deixis is affecting the context in
Those. a whole novel. There will be also a brief example
how small word of deixis could affect a whole
c. Temporal deixis novel. The novel that is going to analysis is novel
with a title Girl in Pieces written by Kathleen
Table 6. Glasglow. Deixis is contributing to a whole novel
indirectly in affecting the understanding of the
Data of Words as Temporal Deixis novel which compatible with author purposes.

No. Deixis Amount of deixis Firstly, the affect of using deixis in novel could lead
misunderstanding for some people. Even though
1 Now 10 deixis is rare topic but it is important to understand
it. By understanding deixis, people could avoid
2 Night 2 misunderstanding in story that lead to a whole
novel. It is not difficult to understand deixis, but it
3 Last night 1 is not easy either. It can be seen in page 64 in novel
when Charlie said ‘he did not get me’. Charlie was
4 Cold 1 on the phone with Evan, they talk about two people
who are Dump and Frank. The reader who did not
5 Next month 1
understand clearly could get the meaning wrong.
6 Everyday 1 They could guess that he was referred to Dump
which is wrong. He was referred to Frank. Frank is
7 One more day 1 a bad person in the novel but if the readers get it
wrong, it could be Dump that is a bad person when
8 Later tonight 1 he is not a bad person. That is why deixis is
important. If people have a will to learn, people will
9 In the morning 2 be understanding deixis as a piece of cake.

10 a while ago 1 Secondly, the reader should understand the deixis to

avoid the confusion in reading the novel. The
11 Then 1 confusion of deixis in reading novel is normal.
Confusion would be hard to avoid because the lack
Total 22 of deixis understanding. If the reader confused
which word is refers to, the reader would not get
the meaning. Then a reader will be confused about
the whole story just because a reader missed one
Based on the table of data above, the most temporal word meaning. For example, in page 22 when Doc
deixis used is Now refer to present time. Then, in Dooley said Charlie can have these to Charlie. Doc
the second place there is deixis word Night and In Dooley was holding a green backpack, tender kit,
the morning. Night is also present time because it is and a photograph. People would be confused what
habitual, while in the morning is future time. The are these referred to. These were actually referred
rest of deixis word in temporal deixis is Last night, to a photograph. Because there is an explanation of
Cold, Next month, Everyday, One more day, Later the situation in the context before and after the
tonight, a while ago, and Then. utterance. So it is also matter to understand the
context, beside understand the deixis.
It can be conclude that in the total of 676 deixis, the
person deixis as second person is the most types of Lastly, deixis can improve reading, listening,
deixis used in the novel with 244 deixis. The writing, and speaking skill of people in English. By
second is person deixis as first person with 207 learning and understanding deixis could be
deixis, and then the third is person deixis as third affecting people knowledge. It would be easier to
person with 118 deixis. Spatial deixis in fourth get information clearly. The certain information
place with 85 deixis and the last is temporal deixis could be checked in deixis and context. In that case
with 22 deixis. The deixis that being used by it would be wasted to understand the meaning but
character are You and I deictic as a pronoun of the far from the context. Then the purposes of the
speaker or the addressee.

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conversation would not deliver and there will be order understanding the meaning of word in the
mistaken of message. context that affecting a whole story.

CONCLUSION REFERENCES

After the writers analyzing the data, the deixis used Abdullah, M. (2015). Deixis : A Pragmatics
in the novel become clear. There is person deixis Analysis. India: Language in India,
which is a word that referred to person or the 15(December 2015), 3–9.
addressee of the speaker. In person deixis there are
three types, first person deixis, second person Ajimer, K., & Rühlemann, C. (2015). Corpus
deixis, and third person deixis. First person deixis is Pragmatics: A Handbook. Cambridge:
a word that referred to the speaker itself. While Cambridge University Press.
second person deixis is a word that referred to the
addressee of the speaker. Then third person deixis Allan, K., & Nodoushan, M. A. S. (2015).
is a word that referred to someone else, neither the Pragmatics: The state of the art (An Online
speaker nor the addressee. It could be someone far Interview with Keith Allan). Melbourne:
away or near the speaker. Spatial deixis is a word International Journal of Language Studies,
that point to a place which could be distal and 9(3), 1–8.
proximal. Temporal deixis is a word that referred to
a time which has a function as an adverb. Brown, K., & Miller, J. (2013). The Cambridge
Dictionary of Linguistics. Cambridge:
The meaning of each deixis is various based on the Cambridge University Press.
context in the novel. The meaning of person deixis
is a person for certain but sometimes appoint to Cummins, S., Peltier, J. W., Schibrowsky, J. A., &
things. The spatial deixis appoint to place and Nill, A. (2014). Consumer behavior in the
object that could be distal or proximal. The online context. West Yorkshire: Emerald
temporal deixis is refer to time such as now, today, Group Publishing Limited. Journal of
every day, in the morning, last night, tomorrow, etc. Research in Interactive Marketing, 8
The meaning is also various based on the context of No.3(August), 169–202.
the story that character discussed about. [Link]

There are 676 deixis used in the novel. The types of Desi Pratama, R. M. (2016). Dissociative Identity
deixis used in Girl in Pieces novel written by Disorder Of Main Character In Sybil Novel
Kathleen Glasglow were; 569 person deixis, 85 By Flora R . S Based On Psychological
spatial deixis, and 22 temporal deixis. The first in Perspective ISSN: 1979-4975 ISSN : 1979-
person deixis is second person deixis because the 4975. Jakarta: Progressive, XI(2), 49–58.
character said ‘you’ a lot that refer to the addressee.
Dylgjeri, A. (2013). Deixis in Modern Linguistics
Then first person deixis, ‘I’ is the most deixis used
and Outside. Elbasan: Academic Journal of
in first person deixis refer to the speaker itself.
Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(4), 87–96.
Followed by third person deixis with with ‘it’ that
[Link]
refer to something else other than the speaker or the
addressee. The spatial deixis is ‘here’ appoint to a Ivanova, A. (2016). Deixis and its role in defining
place which is place of a speaker located. The last rhetorical space Deixis y su papel en la
is temporal deixis, the most deixis word used is definición del espacio retórico. Chile:
now referring to a time as right at moment when a Revista Signos. Estudios De Linguistica
speaker talked. ISSN 0718-0934, 49(92), 329–349.
[Link]
Deixis is only small part of pragmatic that is barely
09342016000300004
known by people. However it does not change the
fact that it is matters. There will be Maioli, R. (2016). Empiricism And The Early
misunderstanding and confusion. That is why Theory Of Novel. Distribution. Florida:
people sometimes lacking to read because they do Palgrave Macmillan.
not understand one simple word meaning. Deixis is
invisible for some people but the affecting of it is Pangaribuan, R. E., Manik, S., & Pasaribu, T.
very big. One mistake in deixis could affect the (2015). Deixis Used on Business Brochures
meaning or message in story or even in a whole Text : A Pragmatics Study. Medan:
novel. Then some people decided to read again in International Journal of English Linguistics,
5(5), 171–182.

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Deixis And Its Context Used In “Girl In Pieces” Novel By Kathleen Glasglow

[Link]

Pratiwi, S. (2018). Person Deixis in English

Translation of Summarized Shahih Al-
Bukhari Hadith in the Book of. Medan:
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ISSN: 2203-471, 9(1), 40–43.

Richard, M. (2013). Context and the Attitudes:

Meaning in Context Volume 1 (First Edit).
Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Wald, P., & Elliott, M. A. (2014). The Oxford

History of the Novel in English: The
American Novel 1870 – 1940 (Volume 6).
Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Weiner, E. (2014). The Oxford Dictionary of

English Grammar (Second Edi). Oxford:
Oxford University Press.

Wibowo, A. I., & Naulfar, N. (2018). Deixis And

Its Context Used In “Girl In Pieces” Novel
By Kathleen Glasglow. Wanastra, 10(2),
73–84.

84 Ary Iswanto, Nida Naulfar

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[Link]

Language And Gender In Teen Short-Stories

Dwi Indarti
Email: [Link]@[Link]

Cara Sitasi:
Indarti, D. (2018). Language And Gender In Teen Short-Stories. Wanastra, 10(2), 85–90.

Abstract – This study aims to investigate the differences of language use between two short-stories published in
two teen magazines which represent gender. According to the content, context, and segment readers, HAI
magazine is considered as teen male magazine while KAWANKU is considered as teen female magazine. The
results of this study confirm the theory of gender in writing production proposed by Coates (1993) who stated
that men tend to use a report style aiming to communicate factual information, whereas women more often use a
rapport style which is more concerned with building and maintaining relationships. The two short-stories in
HAI and Kawanku reflect the issue of gender construction in society through written discourse. Gendered
language that occurs in the literary works such as short-story declare that the differences between male and
female way of speak can be found in written texts.

Keywords: Sociolinguistic; Gender; Short-stories

INTRODUCTION Meanwhile, HAI magazine found in the 1977 and the

first edition of this magazine was 36 pages which
The study of different use of language especially dominated by comic stories. In the 1980s, video,
between male and women has been one of the film and TV were booming and HAI took that
important aspects in the sociolinguistics study. The opportunity to put the review and synopsis as
well-known different use characteristic language use content in the magazine. 1990s were the “very it” era
between male and women phenomena in written for HAI as a one of reputable magazine in Indonesia.
language have been favourite topics for some A lot of young talented authors born from this
researchers in the study of relationship between magazine and many memorable stories published in
language and society. Writing is a rich medium for that era like Lupus, Balada si Roy, and Anak-anak
gender performance (Mulac & Lundell in Janssen & Alin. In the 2000s passed the 30th year of phase as a
Murachver: 1994). In the study of New Zealand boy’s magazine which still focuses on male readers
fiction, Janssen and Murachver (2004a) found that and aged between 11-19 years old. Today, the
female and male authors differed in their language variety content of this magazine rubrics starts from
use. Similarly, language used by authors of popular sport, automotive, gadget, school, music, fashion for
and award-winning fiction differed systematically. boys, games, until photography. This magazine
The way that authors try to deliver their writing can consists of 95 until 100 pages per edition which
be found in the magazine. One part of magazine that publish once a week, especially every Monday.
gives a space to authors to express their written
language is in the short stories section. A One of the sections that are very interesting in both
considerable amount of research have noted that magazines above is short-story. These two
language in male and women short story is different, magazines give different requirement for writers
but little research have exploded the noise of who want to send their short story in that magazine.
different language and gender used in short-stories The specifications of the topic used in two
especially in teen magazine. In Indonesia, many teen magazines are also different. Most of Kawanku
magazines are published their edition either in serves the “girl’s kind of life” in the short-story. One
weekly or monthly kind of issue, for examples of the stories that are very interested is “Effortlessly
Kawanku which is more familiar as a magazine Beautiful” written by Nadia safira. This is one of the
related to girls’ life and HAI which is known as stories that reflect about teenage girl’s life and their
boys’ magazines are two kinds of magazines that problems. Meanwhile, in HAI Magazine, Koko
publish some spaces for short stories section. Ferdie wrote “Selamat Tinggal, Cinta” which related
Kawanku is a girl’s magazine which published their to boys’ life and their stories.
first edition in 1970. This magazines focuses on teen
reader aged around 11 until 19 years old. There are Based on the explanation above, the writer decided
fashion, mode, make up and beauty, celebrities to find out the differences of two short-stories in
news, girls’ activities, tips for girls, and zodiac Indonesian Teen Magazines especially in HAI and
served to the reader in this magazine. This magazine Kawanku related to the characters. The question
consists of 130 until 140 pages per edition which remains the differences of characters in the two
publish once a week especially in every Wednesday. short-stories in Indonesian teen magazines HAI and

Diterima: 07-08-18 Direvisi: 13-08-18 Disetujui: 31-08-18 85

Language And Gender In Teen Short-Stories

KAWANKU and how it relates to language and female behavior encloses a desire to take turns in
gender analysis. The goal of this study is to conversation with others which is opposed to men’s
determine the differences between boy’s characters tendency towards centering on their own point.
and girl’s characters in the two short-stories in teen Maltz and Borker’s (1982) emphasize the same point
magazines, in the term of the using of words, with Victoria that males use language primarily to
dialogues, narrations and theme. assert their position of dominance.

It is best to review some related literatures and Beside the language which differentiation between
previous studies to get a proper basic comprehension male’s and female’s communication, the way male
before moving on further discussions. An issue and female solve their conflicts are also different.
about constructing gender identities of two short According to Gilligan (1982), the conflict style of
stories has ever been conducted by Shaikh & Khan males has a justice orientation. Whatever the
(2012). The research investigates the issue of gender problem is, males always try to solve their conflict
construction in society through written discourse. It fairly. It shows their dignity and their power as men.
analyses about two short stories by a Pakistani writer That can be the reason why males value logic and
Haris Khalique and an Indian writer Rohini Kohli rationally while attempting to resolve conflict
selected from their collection of stories titled through rules or reason. In contrast to female, their
Unfinished Histories. The research method followed conflict has a caring orientation because they focus
by this study is Critical Discourse Analysis. By on the relationship. They prefer to maintain
applying CDA as a general methodology, this connections with others than ruining their friendship.
research has tried to investigate the relationship Females’ conflict style also indicates that they use
between discourse and social practices pertaining to more collaborative speech acts and pay more
construction of gender identity. The finding was attention to the needs of others.
females role are shown to be more interested in the
domestic side of life, having more to do with
households and romance than intellectual aspect of
life, which is presented as men’s domain, who are RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
thought of as intellectually higher than their female
counterparts. The same issue is analysed by This research used case study because the writers
Chang (2016) discussed about gendered language in limited the data using two short stories from famous
five recent short stories written by Japanese women magazines in Indonesia which are HAI and
in English translation. She examines how the writers KAWANKU magazines. The objective of this study
interact with the culturally loaded concept of investigates how characters’ differences relate to
gendered language to develop characters and language and gender analysis in short-stories
themes. Gendered styles are central to the stories and published in HAI and KAWANKU. The two short
translators wishing to follow closely to the source stories of HAI (Boy’s Magazine) titled “Selamat
text should pay close attention to the issue. They are Tinggal, Cinta” written by Koko Ferdie and
used in a variety of ways such as in dialogue, to KAWANKU (Girl’s Magazine) titled “Effortlessly
index social identity, to highlight the differences Beautiful” written by Nadia Safira. The writers
between social and inner self, and different styles are collected the data by analyzing the short stories and
mixed together for emphasis. using some related theories to see the characters’
differences which relate to language and gender.
Maltz and Borker’s (1982) give the model of
gender-marked language. They distinguish between
male and female speech. Male speech is dominated
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
by competition oriented or adversarial, attracting and
maintaining an audience and asserting themselves The results of the data collection show the
when other speakers have the floor. However, significant differences between boy’s and girl’s
female speech is characterized with collaboration short-story. Table.1 below presents the analyses of
oriented, using language more cooperatively than two short stories.
males, responding to and elaborating on what others Table.1. Data of two short-stories
have said, making more supportive comments,
asking more questions, working to keep HAI KAWANKU
conversations going, to create and maintain Teenage boys Teenage girls
Segment
relationships of closeness and equality. Coates
readers
(1993) also explains more about gender-language.
Age 11 – 19 years 11 – 19 years
She argues that men tend to use a report style aiming
old old
to communicate factual information, whereas
Content Sport, Fashion, mode,
women more often use a rapport style which is more
automotive, beauty and
concerned with building and maintaining
music, games, make up,
relationships. De Francisco (1991) points out that

86 Dwi Indarti
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photography celebrities berlarian dari

Pages 95 – 100 pages 130 – 140 gerbang besar
per edition pages per menuju kelas
edition plus memohon-
Published Once a week Once a week mohon pada
Short-story Selamat Effortlessly Pak Breng
tinggal, Cinta Beautiful agar
Author Koko Ferdie Nadia Safira menyisakan
Published 20 – 26 15 – 29 sedikit saja
edition October 2017 October 2017 celah gerbang
Characters 6.618 8.452 tengah agar
with space kami bisa
Words 1.195 1.532 masuk, Ladya
Dialogues 41 27 akan duduk
Narrations 20 36 disebelahku
dengan rambut
Self Reference Gue Aku
acak-acakan,
Code- 31 5
kacamata yang
switching
sedikit turun,
Example of “Lo nggak “Makalah. Aku
ransel yang
dialogues papa, man?” takut besok
langsung di
enggak bisa
geletakkan di
bantuin Ladya
bawah meja
soalnya kan
dan stay
weekend mau
effortlessly
ada gigs,
beautiful. Satu
takutnya
lagi, seragam
dipanggil rapat
sekolahnya
dadakan. Jadi
tetap licin.
besok Ladya
Opening Act “Jangan Tuhan itu tidak
engga usah
tawuran lagi!” adil. Sungguh,
repot.”
aku selalu
Example of Paragraph : 2 Paragraph : 2
merasa seperti
narrations
itu. Setiap hari
Gue sedikit Tapi coba
aku harus
terperanjat kalian lihat
muncul di
waktu pintu Ladya. Geek
sekolah tepat
kamar manis dengan
pukul 06.30
mendadak poni lurus dan
pagi, jelas
terbuka lagi. kacamata
banyak
Nggak lain dan besar. Bahkan
masalah pagi
nggak bukan tanpa effort
yang harus
pemilik suara pun dia terlihat
kuhadapi mulai
cempreng itu menawan. Setip
dari kemacetan
adalah Davika. hari Ladya
Kota Surabaya
Cewek ter- selalu datang
hingga catokan
absrud yang hampir
rambut yang
pernah gue bersisian
tidak juga
kenal. Lebih denganku
panas. Bukan
tepatnya, dia karena – well –
apa-apa,
murid baru kita sama-sama
rambutku yang
yang sok akrab penggemar
sedikit – oke,
dan akhirnya suara bel
sangat! – curly
dekat. sekolah,
ini
hampir
membutuhkan
terlambat
perhatian
sudah bukan
ekstra. Aku
hal baru lagi
jelas tidak akan
bagi kami.
mau datang ke
Bedanya,
sekolah dalam
setelah

87
Language And Gender In Teen Short-Stories

keadaan solve their conflict fairly. Even it will hurt them

rambut selebar whether it is physical injuries and emotional injuries.
sarang burung. By fighting, they can show their dignity and their
Main Dyko Lou power as men. Meanwhile, Coates (1993) states that
characters High school High school men tend to use a report style aiming to
student student communicate factual information, whereas women
A rebel boy Always feel more often use a rapport style which is more
Has a jealous to her concerned with building and maintaining
dangeours best friend relationships. In HAI’s short story, Dycko’s and
hobby : Devika’s dialogues show report (men) and rapport
fighting style (women). Here are the analyses below.

The amount of the characters of short-story titled 1. “Kenapa lw menghindar?” tanya gue yang
“Selamat tinggal, Cinta, in HAI magazine are less duduk di samping Devika. Kami terhalang sekat
than in Kawanku. HAI’s short-story consists of bangku perpustakaan. Dia nggak menjawab.
6.618 characters, while Kawanku’s short-story Gue penasaran dan menggeser kursi sedikit ke
consists of 8.452 characters. The same case also belakang. “Devika Putri, Seorang yang punya
accurs in the amount of words. Kawanku uses more cita-cita jadi penulis dan mendambakan suami
words than HAI. HAI’s short-story consists of 1.195 seperti Keenan di film Perahu Kertas. Dan
words, while Kawanku’s short-story consists of sekarang mulai jadi cewek pendiam dan nggak
1.532 words. Those evidences refer to statement of asik lagi”.
Maltz and Borker (1982) who state a model of
gender-marked language about male and female The sentences above are said by Dyko who is
speech character. Some of female speech curious to know why Devika is staying away
characterizes that they use language more from him. He directly asks her by giving
cooperatively than males and respond to and statements of factual information (report style).
elaborate on what others have said.
2. Devika: “Dyko...!” Gue sedikit terperanjat
The main character in HAI’s short-story is a senior waktu pintu kamar mendadak terbuka lagi.
high school student, named Dyko, who is a rebel Nggak lain dan nggak bukan pemilik suara
boy. Dyko has a dangerous hobby which is fighting. cempreng itu adalah Davika. Cewek ter-absurd
This characters are showed from these sentences : yang pernah gue kenal. Lebih tepatnya, dia
murid baru yang sok akrab dan akhirnya dekat.
1. Ya, gue emang ngebelain Bimo yang ditantang Dyko : “Lo nggak pernah diajarin sopan santun
tawuran sama salah satu anak SMA gang ya? Ketuk pintu dulu, kek!” Cewek pemilik
Bengek. Masalahnya klise, cewek yang jadi badan bantet itu malah berkacak pinggang
rebutan. (Yes, I help Bimo who is challenged menatap gue. Lalu menggeleng. Dia sepertinya
by one of the students from Bengek Genk. The budek karena nggak menjawab pertanyaan gue.
problem is cliche, fight for the sake of a girl). Devika: “Apa-apaan ini, cowok berandal bisa
Maltz and Borker’s (1982) explain that male terkapar di kamar!” Gue tertawa sinis. Cih!
speech is dominated by competition oriented or Dyko: “Sejak kapan gue menyandang status
adversarial, attracting and maintaining an sebagai cowok berandal. Perlu digaris bawahi,
audience and asserting themselves when other gue cuma kalah tawuran sekali ini doang.”
speakers have the floor. The sentence above Devika: “Bukan karena lo ikut-ikutan belain
shows that Dyko has fought with a Genk only Bimo, kan?” Devika tiba-tiba duduk dan
because of a girl. Here, Dyko’s speech indicates menepuk lengan gue. Otomatis gue menggeram
competition oriented. This conflict is also kesal. Dia cuma cekikan. “Sengaja.”
attracting readers to finish their reading. Dyko: “Sakit, Bantet!” Gue mendorong
keningnya yang lebar.
2. “Jangan tawuran lagi!” Gue menengok ke
samping kiri. Nyokap baru saja menutup pintu These sentences are said by Devika who tries to
kamar, setelah menempelkan plester di dahi dan keep conversation going (rapport style) with
mengompres beberapa lebam di muka gue. Dyko while he is is suffering because of his
(Don’t fight anymore! I turn left. Mom has fighting with a Genk.
just closed the door, after put a bandage in
my forehead and compress wounds in my Meanwhile, the main character in Kawanku’s short-
face). story is a senior high school student, named Lilou,
who always feels jealous with her beautiful best
According to Gilligan (1982), the conflict style of friend. The characters are showed from these
males has a justice orientation. Whatever the sentences:
problem and the result will be, males always try to

88 Dwi Indarti
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1. Tapi coba kalian lihat Ladya. Geek manis smarter and prettier than her. The way Lilou
dengan poni lurus dan kacamata besar. Bahkan expresses her feeling through words show that
tanpa effort pun dia terlihat menawan. (But look female uses language more cooperatively than
at Ladya. A sweet girl with straight hair and males. While in sentence 3, Lilou and Ladya are
big glasses. She looks effortlessly beautiful). trying to cooperate by doing their assignment
together though Lilou has a big event to do. While
2. Yang membuat sedikit menyayat hati, saat aku Lilou permits Ladya to have more time to study for
bingung mencari kaca dan mengecek the assignment. Both of them understand their
penampilanku setelah badai keterlambatan position at that time so that they can overcome their
berlalu, Ladya dengan santai mengeluarkan problem. In sentence 4, Ladya also makes supportive
komik Jepang edisi terbaru. Di sebelahnya? Oh comments by giving her care and attention to her
itu aku yang sibuk membenahi muka dan friend, Lilou. They also work to keep conversation
menyisir rambut. Ladya? Tetap cantik walaupun going and maintain their relationships of closeness.
tanpa bedak, tanpa catokan, tanpa sedikit This short story which is written by female writer
lipgloss. (The worst is when I feel confuse to Nadia Safira indicates that women use a rapport
look for a mirror and see what I look like, style (Coates; 1993) which is more concerned with
Ladya took out a new edition of Japanese building and maintaining relationships. The
comic. While I am busy pouring my face and friendship between Lilou and Ladya has become the
combing my hair. Ladya keeps looking evidence. Though Lilou envies with Ladya’s
beautiful without any make up, even just a appearance and her ability, Lilou still keep maintain
little bit lipgloss). her relationship with Ladya. The conversations of
dialogues show the tendency of both ladies in taking
3. Ladya bilang dia mau belajar dulu buat besok. turn in conversation they have (De Francisco: 1991).
Besok? Iya, besok mau bikin tugas sama Ladya, It means they have mutual response in having
tapi Ladya bilang mau belajar dulu biar besok conversations. Gilligan (1982) in contrast to
cepet selesainya. Ini yang membuatku iri pada female, their conflict has a caring orientation
Ladya. Sudah cantik, manis, pintar pula. Setiap because they focus on the relationship. They prefer
hari dia pasti punya jam khusus belajar atau, ya, to maintain connections with others than ruining
yang seperti ini. Ladya selalu minta waktu untuk their friendship. Although, Lilou is so jealous with
belajar dulu, agar saat tugas dibuat dia enggak Ladya, but in sake of friendship, Lilou wants to do
akan terlalu banyak bertanya dan tahu apa yang anything for Ladya, her best friend. She agreed
harus dilakukan. Enggak salah memang kalau when Ladya asked more time to study. She did not
banyak orang yang memperhatikannya. (Ladya forbid her. Here, Lilou cares about Ladya. Ladya
said that she wants to study before tomorrow. does the same. Gilligan states that females’ conflict
Tomorrow? Yup, we are going to finish our style also indicates that they use more collaborative
assignment with Ladya, but she said she wants speech acts and pay more attention to the needs of
to study first so that we can finish our others. Lilou who is the committee of the event and
assignment early. This is what makes me envy is busy preparing it, Ladya came to let her know that
with Ladya. She is beautiful, sweet and also she did the assignment herself. Ladya’s action shows
smart. She has schedule time to study every her attention to the needs of Lilou at that time.
day or like this way, she always asks more
time to study first, so that the assignment is The short-story in HAI contains more dialogues than
been doing, she will not ask more and know in Kawanku, while Kawanku contains more
what to do. It is true that many people are narrations. In HAI’s short-story, there are 41
watching her. dialogues, while in Kawanku’s short-story, there are
27 dialogues. The opening statement in HAI’s short-
4. Besok-besok kalau enggak punya waktu buat story uses a short dialogue, while in Kawanku’s
bikin tugas bilang kek, kan aku jadi ngerasa short-story uses a long narration in the first
bersalah bikin kamu ngerjain tugasnya sendiri paragraph. The self reference used in HAI’s short-
sambil bikin acara besar kayak gini. (If you do story is ‘gue’ (I), and self reference used in
not have time to do the assignment, let me Kawanku’s short-storyis ‘aku’ (I). The social words
know, because I feel guilty making you did the found in HAI are informal words such as ‘elo’ (you),
assignment by yourself while having great ‘bokap’ (father), ‘nyokap’ (mother). While in
event like this). Kawanku, they use formal words for instance ‘kamu’
(you), ‘Papa’ (father), ‘Mama’ (mother).
From those four sentences explained above, we can
find the characteristics of female’s speech (Maltz There are more code switchings in Kawanku rather
and Borker: 1982) which are represented by Lilou than in HAI. Girls tend to use code switching than
and Ladya in this short story. In sentences 1 and 2, boys because girl’s tendency to vary the language.
Lilou expresses her jealousy with Ladya who is Kawanku’s short-story consists of 31 code
switchings, while HAI’s short-story consists of 5

89
Language And Gender In Teen Short-Stories

code switchings. Kemp (2014) conducted a Coates, J. (1993). Women, men and language.
reasearch and the result showed that,“because of the London: Longman.
women’s brain and its tendency to ignite language,
code swicthing seems like that perfect opportunity to Chang, J. (2016). Girls and gender in Alice Munro’s
learn to effectively communicate with men.” short stories. Asian Women, 32(2), 27-47.

The dialogues in HAI’s short-story use less words DeFrancisco, V. (1991). The sound of silence: How
than in Kawanku’s short-story. The example of men silence women in marital relationships.
HAI’short-story’s dialogue in the paragraph 23 ,”Lo Discourse and Society, 2 (4), 413-424.
nggak papa, man?” (are you ok, man?). The
example of Kawanku’s short-story’s dialogue in the Ferdie, K. (2017). Selamat Tinggal Cinta. HAI.
paragraph 30, “Makalah. Aku takut besok enggak Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
bisa bantuin Ladya soalnya kan weekend mau ada
gigs, takutnya dipanggil rapat dadakan. Jadi besok Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice:
Ladya engga usah repot.” (Paper. I am afraid Psychological theory and women’s
tomorrow I can’t help Ladya because this development. Cambridge: Harvard University
weekend, there will be gigs. I am worried Press.
tomorrow will be unexpected meeting. So, Ladya
Kemp, R. (2014). Code switching among men and
does not have to busy).
women. Retrieved from
[Link]
3/code-switching-among-men-and-
CONCLUSIONS [Link]

Boy’s magazine, HAI, is thinner than girl’s Janssen, A. M. (2005). Readers’ perceptions of
magazine, Kawanku. HAI contains 95 – 100 pages in author gender and literary gender. Journal of
one edition while Kawanku contains 130 – 140 Language and Social Psychology, 207-219.
pages in one edition. It relates to the article in
[Link] which states that “…..minat baca anak Maltz, D., & Borker, R. (1982). A cultural approach
laki-laki lebih rendah ketimbang perempuan….” to male-female communication. Journal of
(Boy’s reading interest is lower than girls…). The Language and Social Psychology, 181-203.
words used in HAI’s short-story are less than in
Mulac, A., & Lundell, T. L. (1994). Effects of
Kawanku’s short-story. This refers to Ananda (2014)
gender-linked language differences in adults’
in the article from [Link] that states, “Dua
written discourse: Multivariate tests of
bagian otak yang berkaitan dengan kemampuan
language effects. Language and
berbahasa terbukti lebih besar pada wanita
Communication, 14, 299-309.
dibandingkan pria. Tak heran jika banyak wanita
yang berhasil dalam bidang yang berkaitan Safira, N. (2017). Effortlessly beautiful.
bahasa.” (Two parts of brains that are associated KAWANKU. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka
with language ability shows that women have Utama.
bigger part than men. No wonder that women are
more successful in language field). The two short- Shaik, M. S., & Khan, U. (2012). Contructing
stories in HAI and Kawanku reflect the issue of gender identities in discourse: A critical
gender construction in society through written discourse analysis of two short stories.
discourse. As Mullac & Lundel (1994) stated that, American International Journal of
“Like conversation and other modes of Contemporary Research, 2(3), 153-160.
communication, writing is a rich medium for gender
performance.” Gendered language that occurs in the
literary works such as short-story declare that the
differences between male and female way of speak PROFIL PENULIS
can be found in written texts.
Dwi Indarti, S.S., [Link]. finished the
REFERENCES Undergraduate School (S1) of STIBA NUSA
MANDIRI, Jakarta, majoring in English Literature
Ananda, K. S. (2014, Dec 12). 8 Perbedaan penting and Graduate School (S2) of Universitas Katolik
antara pria dan wanita. [Link]. Atma Jaya Jakarta, majoring in Applied English
Retrieved from Linguistic. Recent activities are working in a mining
[Link] company located in SCBD Senayan Jakarta and
[Link] teaching in ABA-BSI Salemba 45 Jakarta.

90 Dwi Indarti
Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438
[Link]

Liberal Feminism In Movie North Country Directed By Niki Caro

Dwi Puji Hastuti1, Deni Gunawan2, Ria Andriani3
1
Akademi Bahasa Asing
email : [Link]@[Link]
2
Akademi Manajemen Informatika
email : [Link]@[Link]
3
Akademi Sekertari dan Manajemen
email : [Link]@[Link]

Cara Sitasi:
Hastuti, D. P., Gunawan, D., & Andriani, R. (2018). Liberal Feminism In Movie North Country Directed by Niki
Caro. Wanastra2, 10(2), 91–104.

Abstract - Women is still in lower position in every chace, especially in workplace. Equal rights is a must where
every individual can get it. The purpose of this paper are explore about problems which happend there such as
the reason why it can happend, impacts that main character and her co-worker as long as they work, and also
obstacles in fighting for women’s right. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, data analysis is
described by using words. Source date is taken from books and online resources, and others resource which
completed this paper. This reasearch want to discuss about liberal feminism in this film, it is one of branch
feminism theory which focused on fight for women’s right. As the result, Josey as the main character, she is
bravely and clear woman who able speak out freedom for women and equal rights in workplace although almost
the most worker there are men. Finally, with hard struggle and feel give up, she can do it.

Keywords : Liberal, Feminism, Liberal Feminism.

INTRODUCTION Women has rights to do something more than she

always do in their daily life. Women can do
Discourse about women never stops and always everything as long as she can do, and she is also
studied, this is evidenced by history. It always looks strong inside and outside. There are many
discussed on many occasions, both discussions and significant improvements when women can fulfill in
seminars. The discussion above covers all aspects of all aspects such as being president, minister,
women's lives including the female reproductive director, etc. But not all women nowadays can feel
organs, position in the family, community, and so, there are many women outside still follow their
workplace. Human have been born with two traditional rules because their parents or
gender, men and women. Women can not choose neighborhoods believe it is women’s nature. Many
which one both of those are better for her. women still feels discriminations.
Characters of men are strong, masculine; think with
their logic, dominant whereas characters of women The discriminations can be happen whenever and
are soft, feminism, think with their heart also wherever because of there are not rights equality
comparison which one is better or contrary and between women and men which happened in
defeatism. These are kinds of traditional perception family, environment, and fieldwork. In family, these
or patriarchy culture. Some of women in this era are often happen because women only being
disagree about this thought. Equality in every housewife or may be housemaid who always do in
aspects have been a must to break out of old culinary (cooking, washing plates, and tidy
traditions that women is only being a housewife something), in bed (do husband desire), and
who always do household such as cook, wash bathroom (washing clothes). In environment,
clothes , sweep floor, take care of husband and perspectives about women are low reactions and
children’s, etc. does not need get high education. Whereas in
fieldwork, performance of women in work reputed
unimportant, perception of woman are not as strong

Diterima: 02-08-18 Direvisi: 13-08-18 Disetujui: 12-09-18 91

Liberal Feminism In Movie North Country Directed By Niki Caro

as man who are always defends faces all troubles, Women must be strong to face how hard her life.
and also women always unprofessionally. Encourange knowledge about perspective feminism
in movie.
In fieldwork, performance of women reputed such
as unimportant person because of she is slow-
moving, not handy, and unable in her field. For
example, a women who work as security women in THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
factory, many society perceptions usually only men
who can do that. Sometimes normal person can not 1. Definition of Feminism
accept it.
Feminism describes a culture which women are
Whereas perceptions women are not as strong as treated differently than men. Difference of
man, it also contrast with opinion “do like a man” treatment women are disadvantage, feminism
these perceptions are always say all authority assumes that such treatment is cultural and thus
person when there is a women work in their possible to change and not simply “the way world is
company. For example a women who work in back and must be”. Feminism looks different culture as
country as a teacher in those places in Indonesia. possible and values moving towards that culture.
She must faced all the conditions where are not Feminism also consists of activism, individually
anything else and being isolated such as clothing, and in groups, to make personal and social change
food, and housing. It is not easy to face it and towards that more desirable culture.
sometimes she will choose go back to their home.
Women always unprofessionally, these are one of It has been proof by feminism. It has been
classic problem where most people agree with it. surrounding in society nowadays because of their
Women always do with feeling than logic. So, if movements to changes, support, give freedom for
there is problem, men always predict women will women to do what she wants. Feminism has spread
unprofessionally. Actually women are live creature all over the world and has been literature and
from God who can be strong outside and inside. For growing very widely. Feminism has gradually
example, a women employee does her job to make become more far-ranging and subtle in its attacks on
finance report suddenly she reminds that she has male-dominated society. Many injustices still need
family problems. Although it just simple problem, it to be corrected but equally necessary is a more
could be big problems someday. down-to-earth, tolerant and compassionate view of
fellow human beings. The gathering feminist
In this case, the writer will focus in Josey Aimes’s movement very much disagreed and argued that
character as the object of the research. Josey Aimes, women’s writing expressed a distinctive female
who is a collier woman works at the local iron conciousness, which was more discursive and
mines in Northern Minnesota, Minneapolis, New conjuctive than its male counterpart.
Mexico. North Country Movie is a movie that
mainly talks about liberal feminism by the main Different theories of feminism are widely
character. It was inspired by the 2002 book Class acknowledged and taught in women's studies
Action: The Story of Lois Jenson and Landmark courses, gender studies courses, and etc. People
Case That Changed Sexual Harassment Law by often have created their own definition of feminism
Clara Bingham and Laura Leedy Gansler, which to best suit them. The definitions here are
chronicled the case of Lois Jenson and other female theoretical, and are an example of the diversity
workers at the Eveleth Taconite Co. Josey Aimes among feminists. Why women believes in feminism
and the other female workers become the target of and what her ideas are to make feminism a reality is
sexual harassments and discriminations. That is the primary source of conflict within the feminism
why she, Josey Aimes, wants to fight for the women movement. Women may find that she believe in the
rights workers who worked in the mines by make theory of feminism, but do not see ourself fitting
little rebellions until she sued the company which into the branches of feminism below, that is
have alleging sexual harassment, discrimination and common. Women can believe that women and
lack of mutual respect towards one and another men should be politically, economically and
worker . This is what writer want to discuss, about socially equal for her own reasons and hold ideas
movement of main character who fights for women touching how she can make that happen. The case
rights it can be symbolized or representation of likely practicing some form of feminism whether or
being feminist. The benefits of understanding this not you directly associate yourself with the feminist
film are how can faced faith if women have born movement or theory.
being women who have many problems in life and
Butler (1999 : 1) said that “feminist theory has
also getting equal rights wherever she is because
assumed that three is some existing identity,
women nowadays still have discriminations.
understood through the category of women, who not

92 Dwi Puji Hastuti, Deni Gunawan, Ria Andriani

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only initiates feminist interests and goals within institutional struggles for the rights of
discourse, but constitutes that subject for whom individuals to complete in public.
political representation is persued.” It means that
feminism exists because of some reasons that b. Radical Feminism is sexual oppression as the or
women is one of important part in human life. at the very least a fundamental form of
oppression (usually the former) and the
Hook (2000 : viii) statement “Feminism is a primary oppression for women. In radical
movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and feminism all men as a group are
oppression.” Meaning of the statement is women unambiguously viewed as having power over
wants being appreciated and also have value in at least some wome.
human society without exploitation and oppression.
c. Marxist Feminism is oriented towards the public
Beasly from Women and Moral Identity 1991 (1999 sphere and given its concern with the
: 27), “I adopt a general definition of feminism as a organisation of labour, generally pays
perpective that seeks to eliminate the subordination, particular attention to women’s position in
oppression, inequalities and injustices women suffer relation to waged labour.
because of their sex.” It means some people think
that women has become object of negative d. Socialist Feminism is attempt to mantain some
behaviour. elements of Marxism regarding the
significance of class distinctions and labour
Beasly from Encyclopedia of Feminism, 1987 while incorporating the radical feminist view
(1999 : 27) : that sexual oppression is not historically a
consequence of class division.
“[Feminism] is the advocacy of women’s rights
based on a belief in the equality of the sexes, and in In this occassion, the paper only discuss about
its broadest use the word refers to everyone who is liberal feminism which concern equality of
aware of and seeking to end women’s women’s position in society, enviroment, and also
subordination in any way and for any workplace.
reason...Feminism originates in the perception that
there is something wrong with society’s treatment 3. Definition of Liberal
of women.
Everyhuman being has freedomof every individual.
Those statements have meaning that feminism is Liberals and freedom is a thing that can not be
theory that men and women should be equal separated from one another. Liberals can be
politically, economically and socially. interpreted as a freedom to choose, make, and make
choices that there are no obstacles. For the past few
From the three statement above, definition of Liberal theories suggested by experts is one of the
feminism is very large but has the same point, best ways to free people choose wherever people
equality in every aspect for women. If it can want. It is because of mistrustin the ability of the
happen, it can changed people’s opinions that individual fairly curbed partly due to different of the
women in this era is modern and not patriarcy other race, religion, gender and sex. With the advent
anymore. of liberal theory makes some people feel good
because they can be recognized freedoms and make
The writer concludes that definition of feminism them able to carry out the purposeof life that they
itself is a theory that fighting for women’s rights want without certain limitations.
and also against patriarchy which discrimination of
women. Tong (2009 : 11), “Liberals define reason largely in
moral or prudential terms, they nevertheless concur
2. Kinds of Feminism that a just society allows individuals to exercise
their autonomy and to fulfill themselves. Liberals
Based on Beasley (1999 : 51 – 63) in her book claim that the “right” must be given priority over
entitled “What is Feminism ?” there are 4 branches the “good”.” It means that liberal must give rights
of feminism : for every human and it should be the most
important things to reminds that every human has
a. Liberal Feminism is women’s position in society individuals rights.
is seen in terms of enequal rights or artificial’
barriers to women’s participation in the public Jaggar (1983 : 6), “Liberation is the correlate of
world, beyond the family and household. It oppression. It is release from oppressive
focus on the public sphere, legal, political, and constraints.” It means that one of the reason
appeared liberal is because of there are oppression

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which happen in women and man eventhough in the follow their own principles of universal human
other side. rights and equality and demand equal treatment of
women and men, insisting that women are
Schwartzman (1969 : 1) : fundamentally similar to men. These theorists argue
for law to be gender blind- that there should be no
“Liberal concepts can work to undermine women’s restrictions or special assistance on the grounds of
interests, reinforcing not only sexism, but also racism, gender.
classism, and other forms of oppression... “right to
privacy” to argue that the state should not interfere in Emphasizing equal individual rights and liberties
situations of domestic violence and marital rape, as for women and men, downplaying sexual
well as more recent cases in which racist hate speech, differences. Liberal feminism is the most widely
violent pornography, and sexually harassing speech accepted social and political philosophy among
have been granted protection under the right to feminists. Liberal feminists defend the equal
“freedom of expression”. rationality of the sexes and emphasize the
importance of structuring social, familial, and
It means that freedom of expressions means that sexual roles in ways that promote women’s
everything can be changed when we have freedom, autonomous self-fulfillment. They emphasize the
rights to privacy means that everybody has rights to similarities between men and women rather than the
do individually that no one know or no one to join average differences between them, attribute most of
it. the personality and character differences between th
sexes to the social construction of gender, and tend
Based on three statement above, liberal have many to promote a single set of androgynous virtues for
definitions but actually liberal can work in every both women and men.
aspect because every human have rights to do
something, get freedom of expression. Although So, feminism liberal is one of branch feminism
from Jaggar said that it correlate of oppression which is presented of equal rights for women can be
because many people get some disturbance in past accepted legally and also get improvement in social
such as people who against goverment will be aspect in order to every women rights can be
execution like Soeharto goverment. There are not realization if women can be equal with men.
liberal to give critical or opinin for goverment.
Beasley (1999:51), “[Liberal Feminism] is women’s
Definition of Liberal is a theory that given freedom position in society is seen in terms of unequal rights
for many people to choose and get the best from or ‘artificial’ barriers to women’s participation in
many choices in the world, give critical or opinition the public world, beyond the family and
about something and take an action to do something household.” It means positions of women in that
in many aspects as long as still in normal way not moments, there are many unequal rights beyond
break over society rules. women and men. Discrimination always happen
and it could not avoid.
4. Definition of Liberal Feminism
Beasley (1999:53), “Liberal feminism follows the
Women emancipations have existed to erase line of thinking in specifically asserting that women
different of gender. Feminism is a ideology which are not fundamentally different to men and yet are
use to break out patriarchy, search for the root or denied opportunities on the basis of their sex.”
causes of discrimination of women and also look for Every human have opportunities in all aspect
the solutions. In other words, feminism is a theory because women have rights too.
for women liberation.
Schwartzman (1969 : 1) :
Ideologi of liberal feminism is equality in every
chance and desire in order to every individual (men “From the time of the women’s suffrage movement
and women) have given freedom to choose what to the more recent battles over abortion, women
goodness the way she or he did without harm have formulated their demands in terms of equality,
others. The prior purpose are make the society feel autonomy, and individual rights.... Liberal concepts
equitable and care of freedom places to make an can work to undermine women’s interests,
improvement. Only from those environments, reinforcing not only sexism, but also racism,
women and men can develop their self. classism, and other forms of oppression.”
General view of the liberal feminists is that suppress It means that liberal feminism can decrease
of women is caused by social and legal barriers that women’s about racism, classism, and any
block their access to public sphere of politics and oppression options.
economics. Liberal feminists demand that liberals

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Tong (2009 : 34), “Liberal feminists wish to free autonomous self-fulfillment. They emphasize the
women from oppressive gender roles-that is, from similarities between men and women rather than the
those roles used as excuses or justifications for average differences between them, attribute most of
giving women a lesser place, or no place at all, in the personality and character differences between th
the academy, the forum, and the marketplace.” It sexes to the social construction of gender, and tend
means that liberal feminist can give a space for to promote a single set of androgynous virtues for
women get academy, can speak up in the forum, both women and men.
and also in marketplace.
So, feminism liberal is one of branch feminism
According to three statements above liberal which is presented of equal rights for women can be
feminism can give women freedom to do accepted legally and also get improvement in social
everythings that women’s want without racism, aspect in order to every women rights can be
classism, and many oppression. realization if women can be equal with men.

Definition of liberal feminism itself is viewpoint to Beasley (1999:51), “[Liberal Feminism] is women’s
putting women who have full freedom and position in society is seen in terms of unequal rights
individual. This movement state freedom and or ‘artificial’ barriers to women’s participation in
equality based on rasionality dan divide between the public world, beyond the family and
private and public. Every human have capability to household.” It means positions of women in that
think and act rasionality, especially in women, the moments, there are many unequal rights beyond
roots of oppression and backwardness for women women and men. Discrimination always happen
because of women’s fault herself. Women must and it could not avoid.
prepare herself in order to compete and get equality
with men in public. Beasley (1999:53), “Liberal feminism follows the
line of thinking in specifically asserting that women
Women emancipations have existed to erase are not fundamentally different to men and yet are
different of gender. Feminism is a ideology which denied opportunities on the basis of their sex.”
use to break out patriarchy, search for the root or Every human have opportunities in all aspect
causes of discrimination of women and also look for because women have rights too.
the solutions. In other words, feminism is a theory
for women liberation. Schwartzman (1969 : 1) :

Ideology of liberal feminism is equality in every “From the time of the women’s suffrage movement
chance and desire in order to every individual (men to the more recent battles over abortion, women
and women) have given freedom to choose what have formulated their demands in terms of equality,
goodness the way she or he did without harm autonomy, and individual rights.... Liberal concepts
others. The prior purpose are make the society feel can work to undermine women’s interests,
equitable and care of freedom places to make an reinforcing not only sexism, but also racism,
improvement. Only from those environments, classism, and other forms of oppression.”
women and men can develop their self. General
view of the liberal feminists is that suppress of It means that liberal feminism can decrease
women is caused by social and legal barriers that women’s about racism, classism, and any
block their access to public sphere of politics and oppression options.
economics. Liberal feminists demand that liberals
follow their own principles of universal human Tong (2009 : 34), “Liberal feminists wish to free
rights and equality and demand equal treatment of women from oppressive gender roles-that is, from
women and men, insisting that women are those roles used as excuses or justifications for
fundamentally similar to men. These theorists argue giving women a lesser place, or no place at all, in
for law to be gender blind- that there should be no the academy, the forum, and the marketplace.” It
restrictions or special assistance on the grounds of means that liberal feminist can give a space for
gender. women get academy, can speak up in the forum,
and also in marketplace.
Emphasizing equal individual rights and liberties
for women and men, downplaying sexual According to three statements above liberal
differences. Liberal feminism is the most widely feminism can give women freedom to do
accepted social and political philosophy among everythings that women’s want without racism,
feminists. Liberal feminists defend the equal classism, and many oppression. Definition of
rationality of the sexes and emphasize the liberal feminism itself is viewpoint to putting
importance of structuring social, familial, and women who have full freedom and individual. This
sexual roles in ways that promote women’s movement state freedom and equality based on

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rasionality dan divide between private and public. Beasley (1999:51), “[Liberal Feminism] is women’s
Every human have capability to think and act position in society is seen in terms of unequal rights
rasionality, especially in women, the roots of or ‘artificial’ barriers to women’s participation in
oppression and backwardness for women because of the public world, beyond the family and
women’s fault herself. Women must prepare household.” The writer analyzes about Josey Aimes
herself in order to compete and get equality with as the main character here and compare the dialogue
men in public. from the movie with theory about liberal feminism.
The writer analyzes reason fight equal rights
RESEARCH FINDING AND ANALYSIS because every tragedy or accident which appears in
this movie are discrimination and sexual
This research uses descriptive qualitative method; harassement.
data analysis is described by using words. The
procedure data is collecting from watching the A. Discrimination of Sex Aspect
movie over. Then understood and analyzed content
of story. Source data is taken from the film based on It is one of main point which happend in this movie.
real events in North Country Movie. The problem It can be seen when the main character Josey Aimes
of this research focus on liberal feminism of main fight for women’s rights in mine company. In
character to get her equal rights in workplace. The workplace, there are many discriminations
material is about discrimination and sexual happened from high position (president, vice
harassment in workplace especially for women. president, manager, leader group) until lower
This research approximately takes two months to be position (employee, labour, security, office boy).
done with analysis which are limeted because the Dicriminations is an action who do different
data can be found in big library or credible online treatment to certain individual. It usually happens
resources and all of those books are old. The in society, because human preference discriminate
instruments of this paper are movies, books, someone. When somebody in unfair treatment
document from library or online resources to finish because of different sex, gender, ethnic, race. Josey
this research. and the other women in mine, got discriminations
such as directly said about sex.

a. Arlen’s Statement.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Those discrimination has happened on many places
The writer is interested to analyze liberal feminism such as at women’s room, mine outside, and also
of main character in North Country movie. She is a Arlen’s room. In this movie the main character
bravely women because she can claim the company Josey Aimes is a bravely woman, but until she
to make fair rules for women who works in mine. In decided to work at mine as Glory’s opinion all
this case the writer only analyze the reason and changed. Josey was getting discriminations there
impact of main character fight her equal right then and she can not do anything because it rules.
obstacles that she have to faced it.
Craig (2007 : 26), “discrimination for most people
Liberal feminism in North Country movie is related may be “a showing of prejudice in treatment”, this
one factor. The factor is Josey’s life. From the first, definition is clearly out of step with the
Josey is a beautiful girl that all man have interested development of the concept of discrimination”
with her. It all changed, when she got pregnant
because of raped by her teacher. After that she met Women in the mine who have fulfill the
her husband, but she is unhappy living with him so requirements of being employee must have breafing
she escaped. To continue her life, she decided to first from Manager to know the area around Mine.
work in mine company. Then, she got some trouble All women in this scene, they get on together in a
there such as discriminations and sexual harassment room to hear the instructions from Manager, Arlen,
because most of employee are men. about how to work in mine. All women’s there are
hearing what he said seriously.
1. Reason for Equal Rights.
Arlen :“The mine is a shit pit. Dirt
This movie tells about women who has no freedom [Link] as all get-out.
in workplace in 1989. The main character in this You’ll be hauling, lifting, driving and
movie shown as women who have problem because all sorts of other things a woman
of all women in her workplace, Mine, there are shouldn’t be doing. If you ask me but
many problems because of their sex. The writer Supreme. Court didn’t ask me, did they
finds a theory about liberal feminism which is ?”
related with this movie. (Duration : [Link] – [Link])

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Men : “Here we go again.”

From the bold dialogue above, the writer thought Glory : “I got one girl with a bladder infection
the theory and what shown in the movie has a from holding it in all day. Maybe Pete
relation. It shows that women in those places should over there likes sitting in his own pee.
not in there because it was so unappropiate for But I don’t. Like it or not, represent
women and if she still wants to work there she must members of this union who just happen
receive the conditions like that. After that Arlen go to be female.”
out room to prepare the tour of mine. All women in Men :“All right. Well, if we do get
the room feel strange about what Arlen said at that management to give you girls Porta-
time. She think that Arlen is a Homo who are not Johns what are you gonna do for us ?”
interested with women. Glory : “Didn’t you hear, Pete ? Discount
blowjobs, for everybody but you.”
b. Passiveness of Man Co-Worker (Duration : [Link] – [Link])
In other places at mine outside, Glory, friends of From the explanation above the writer found the
Josey, would like to take a break after she feels tired similarities between the theory and what shown in
driving the truck. Then she call her friends Hanks, movie. It shown that Glory only wanted her male
father of Josey, to take a break then continued co-worker aware of his actions who always peeing
again. But in Hank’s mind, they had taken a break on the bench wheel when they drive mining trucks.
a moment ago so he does not need to take a break. Their behavior are dirty, it should be taken seriously
After debate too much, Glory gives up and continue so her co-worker would not feel aggrieved that their
do what Hank’s will. behavior are dirty. When women working in a place
which is the majority of men always being like that,
Epstein (1970 : 40) stated “Many critics of the push men do not always clean and tidy in terms of taking
for women’s participation in occupations and care of themselves. Although every aspect has
professions claim that although women’s treatment different aspect, but take care of each other is
reflects their obvious differences, they are honored important to make all related and has equal rights.
equally with men in the society.”
c. Josey’s Complainment
Glory : “Hank, I need a five-minute break.”
Hank : “You took a coffee break an hour There is a part when Josey and Sherry at the time
ago.” was cleaning the Powder Room of the mines, they
Glory : “That’s the point, Hank. She’s been meet with other her men co-worker; they all are
drinking coffee like everyone else.” Boby’s group, one of old friend Josey. Firstly they
Hank : “Hey, Glory, are you talking as a were just joking around but suddenly they do
union rep or just butting into harassment to Sherry who against their behaviour,
anybody’s business as usual ?” Josey see it then reported the incident to Arlen, her
Glory : “All I’m saying is that you can whip it manager. But Josey’s report is not considered and
out anytime, Hank. We gotta pull the only used as a regular thing that often happens and
coveralls all the way down, you know I’m is common.
saying ? We start peeing in our seats. I
don’t think the next shift’s gonna be too Tomasevski from Universal Declaration of Human
happy about it.” Rights, 1948 (1993:45) stated that “Everyone is
Hank : “You got another load to get. So pull entitled to all the rights and freedoms... without
them up and go get it.” distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex..”
(Duration : [Link] – 00:20 :47)
Having rights and freedoms means thinking of do
After doing her job Glory with male co-workers, whatever she want, give opinion or critical for all,
they were discussing her problems in mining. In the and also take in special places in some places
middle of conversation and jokes by her colleagues, without thinking about race, colour or even sex.
she submit several problems that faced by women
workers there but the response she obtained is Arlen : “Do you even know what’s going on out
simply a joke that has implicit meaning and being there ?”
ignorance. Josey : “Yeah.”
Arlen : “Sweetheart, this country’s elected a
Men : “Okay, there’s nothing else, I move to president who’s letting the world flood our
adjourn.” market with cheap steel. We’re knee-deep
Glory : “There’s one more thing.” in lay offs. Mines are closing left and
Men : “What’s that ?” right.”
Glory : “Porta-Johns.”

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Liberal Feminism In Movie North Country Directed By Niki Caro

Josey : “What’s this got to do with Earl laying to pass it when she decided being mine employee.
hands on Sherry like that ?” She feel uncomfortable do healty test by a man
Arlen : “Hooh.. Are you hearing a word of doctor which is means that he can see all her body
what I’m saying ? You’re taking jobs from top into bottom. It is a shame for her, but she
where there aren’t any to take. The boys like or not she must accept it. But in one side, this is
aren’t your friends. I’m not your friend. one of forms of sexual harassement.
You got no business being here and you
damn well know it. But you’re not Boland (2005 : xv), “Sexual harassment is a type of
hearing that, are you ? so let’s try sexual discrimination in the workplace. It includes
something new. How about work hard, unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual
keep your mouth shut and take it like a favors, and sexual conduct that is directed toward a
man.” person because of gender.”
Josey : “All right. Maybe I’ll go see Mr.
Pearson. He said come to him if I had a Josey knows that was one of risk to work in mine
problem.” that all her body from top to the buttom have seen
Arlen : “No, You don’t see Pearson. I see by the doctor. Although she tried to explain it but
Pearson. You know ? when you’ve got a rules is a must.
real problem, take it up with me and I’ll be
happy to help. All right ?” Doctor : “All clear.”
(Duration : [Link] – [Link]) Josey : “Clear of what ?”
Doctor : “You’re not pregnat.”
Based on naration above the writer thought the Josey : “I already told you that.”
theory and action in movie are related each other. It Doctor : “Well, company just wants to be sure
shows when Josey felt discrimination that occurs before they hire you.
between male employees and female employees. It’s to clean yourself with.”
Women’s rights are not respected at all both in (Duration : [Link] – [Link])
terms of treatment and in the opinion expressed in
the mining company. As if the opinion of its female After being accepted as employee in mine Josey
workers is childish. "Do it like a man" that is what directly join in women’s group there. She met a lot
was on women’s workers mind according to Arlen. of women there who has the same experience before
When Josey feels the report is not addressed and have known about treatment from men. She try
properly, it will reported that matter to his superiors to socialization with other to get connected each
that much higher, Mr. Pearson, the director of the other. When she enjoy Sherry get something strange
mining company. Arlen suddenly wondered why in her box lunch there is something unpolite to be
Josey knows its director, and then he quickly said there, Penis Joke. But in calm, Josey can reply the
things are ready to assist any Josey and the report treatment with her statement.
will be processed immediately.
Glory : “Come on, let’s sit with the
B. Sexual Harassement of Sex Aspect. girls. Meet the ladies. Ladies,
ladies. Josey Aimes.”
Sexual harassement aspect also become a cause that Big Betty : “Oh, hey. Big Betty. Pleased
make women must get equal rights in workplace. to meet you.”
Believe or not, many sexual harassement happend Josey : “Nice to meet you.”
in all over the world and this movie is only Peg : “There used to be two Betty’s”
representation the real case in Minesota, Mexico. Glory : “Big and Little. Little quit.”
Sexual harassment in workplace can be defined as a Josey : “Why ?”
deviant behaviour committed by certain people and Big Betty : “Too little. Hahahaha”
was not expected by the affected victims of sexual Peg : “I’m Peg.”
abuse herself. Josey and other women co-worker as Josey : “Hey, nice to meet you.”
victims of sexual harassement in mine that all Peg : “Hey, you too.”
workers there majority are men. Josey : “Hey”
Sherry : “Guys.”
1. Healty All Body Check Big Betty : “How you doing ?”
Sherry shock that she got her lunchbox with penis
In mine company, before they hire an employer, it joke.
usually there are many test such as written, Male : “Hey ! No getting off in the
interview, and healty test. All employees has to lunchroom, ladies. Hahaaha..”
pass through all the test especially healty test Peg put down penis on the table while a little bit
although the person are men or women. Josey has emotion.

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Josey : “Well, it won’t leave the toilet the Powder Room. Catchy, don’t you think
set up. It won’t fart in the bed. ? Especially since you girls will be the
I might just marry it.” ones cleaning it.”
All the woman are laughing. Bobby from the door see it and come closer to all.
Josey : “Right ? You don’t mind, do Bobby : “So, so, Arlen, which one of these girls
you ?” is gonna be my bitch ?”
(Duration : [Link] – [Link]) Arlen : “Ladies, meet Bobby Sharp. He runs the
Powder Room, where they’re short one
It was so contempitible used the vulgar joke. Other body.”
women there, are usually have experienced before Bobby : “And we want a nice body. No fatties.”
so they see it was intentional doing by men. Josey Give me the one on the right.” (while
expressed it as joke but she can handle it. whispering to Arlen). Go while eyes
According to description above the writer thought catching to Josey.
the theory and what happen to main character in (Durtion : [Link] – [Link])
movie shown a relation. It shows in Josey was
check her heality by men doctor which is means After that all women there feel strange of Bobby
that he can sees all her body without excuses. It is treatment. They all thinks that he use vulgar
one sexual harassement and so shameful. Joke penis statement. Bobby was come back to his job and
is also one of vulgar joke that should not to be exist others focus again listen what Arlen said.
because it contempitible. In other moments, Josey and Sherry has job to clean
the Powder Room. Josey the one who hold the top
2. Powder Room’s Accident of water pump, and Sherry holds part of it. Josey
see a vulgar picture which draw in the wall and
After all ladies has given the instructions from clean it by ejector pump. In other side, Bobby and
Arlen in women’s room, they got directly tour with Earl are near with syringe area. They talk each other
Arlen. He gives instructions in the field how to about Josey and Sherry and try to flirt her.
work there by walking around the mine. In one
moment, they met Bobby Sharp. He is one of Earl : “Nice. She can put her hands on
Josey’s boyfriend when senior high. Josey got the hose.”
memories they were together in past, and think that Bobby : “Come on, Ladies ! Gotta
Bobby did not change anything. appreciate the talent.” It’s a pretty
good likeness, I’d say.
Wagne (1992 : 30), “Sexual harassement it must be Earl : “Hi, I’m Earl. I don’t think
unwelcome and affect the terms and conditions of we’ve met yet. How about a
employment. As a practical matter, that conduct cigaratte, then ?”
can include : Sherry : “Go fuck yourself.”
Earl : “Oh, be nice now, darling.
 Derogatory or vulgar comments about Come on, how about the smoke ?”
someone’s gender, physical anatomy, or Sherry wants take cigaratte from her pocket, but
characteristics. suddenly Earl wants to take by himself while he
touchs her breast.
 Sexually suggestive or vulgar language. Earl : “No, it’s ok. I’ll get it myself”
Josey : “Come on, Earl”
 Threats of physical harm.
Ricky : “All right, fun’s over.”
Earl : “Just trying to see if she’s got a
 Sexually oriented or suggestive pictures,
full pack. She don’t. You’re
posters, magazine, or other materials.
okay. All right, back to work,
 Touching someone in a sexually suggestive slacker, come on.
way, or in a way calculated to invade her Sherry : “Boy Scout”
personal space. Josey : “You okay ?”
Sherry : “Yeah”
 Touching of another’s breasts, genital areas, or (Duration : [Link] – [Link])
derriere.
From description above, dialogue and theory are
In this scene, there are some sexual harassement related. It shows in that century, there are so many
which happened to Josey and her co-worker. sexual harrasement which happened to women and
being object of sexual harassement forms that the
Arlen : “This down here is taconite. That’s what writer see in this scene are when Boby said “bitch”.
pays bills. We’ve taken to calling this area Bitch is lower rank nickname for women in society.

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Liberal Feminism In Movie North Country Directed By Niki Caro

It is not polite to call women like that. Giving Ricky : “Let her out! That’s enough.”
unpolite statement is prohibited moreover until Men I : “Turn this fucker over!”
touching sensitive area it has became a problem. (Duration : [Link] - [Link])
After analyze the description above, the writer gets
conclusion that in this movie liberal feminism did From dialogue above proves that the third of the
not exist because of discrimination and sexual male co-workers were doing something inhuman,
harassement which happened in women there. when Sherry went into portable toilets suddenly
Those situation always continued until there is they wiggle the toilet so sherry feel frightened there,
somebody can stop it. but they only laugh at her. The others co-worker
saw that accident and tried to stop them
2. Impacts on Equal Rights. immediately. However, they still continues to
wiggle the toilet until they fall it to the ground
Josey still believes that she can get her equal rights which causes Sherry soaked with feces. Sherry
and also other co- worker women in mine. Since she feels this treatment is on of insult for her and she
has seen many tragedy there such as discrimination only weep.
and sexual harassement which are women being
object. B. Josey
Beasley (1999:53), “Liberal feminism follows the Sherry accident has become one of reasons that
line of thinking in specifically asserting that women there is must be equal positions for women and
are not fundamentally different to men and yet are men. Sherry has become an object of men “games”
denied opportunities on the basis of their sex.” in mine. Josey would like to complaint to her boss
directly, Mr. Pearson. She has proof that all women
Every behaviour has impacts which is right or is being treated in unusual and always getting
wrong. There are causes and effect. Here are the discriminations. So she decide to complaint and go
character who gets impact from equal rights, such to centre of company office.
as :
Ms. Pearson : “Send her in, Please.”
A. Sherry “Ms. Aimes, sorry to keep you
waiting so long. Please sit.”
Sherry is one of the workers who simply gorgeous Josey : “Gentlemen”
woman who has a beautiful body. Sometimes she is Ms. Pearson : “I asked some of my colleagues
often a "game" by other male workers. often times to sit in, if you don’t mind.”
he experienced something unpleasant things from Josey : “No”
co-workers their male counterparts. When all the Ms. Pearson :“I believe you know Mr.
workers are working in mine, Sherry met with 3 Pavich?”
male workers who always tease her and play the Josey : “Yes, I do. Mr. Pavich was the
games. Sherry casually denied that anything said by one who told me I had to take a
the male workers. day off work to come and see
you.”
Men I : “Sherry, sherry, quite contrary. Kiss my
Arlen : “I didn’t want to waste your
ass, it’s really hairy.”
time, sir.”
Sherry : “Oh, a real funny guy. “
Mr. Pearson : “Well, I appreciate that. But it’s
Men II : “What are you doing in the pit ?”
not a waste at all. Ms. Aimes has
Men I : “Filling in for Glory while she’s out.
a problem, and we’re gonna solve
Just in time to use the new Porta- Jane ?”
it. ”
Men II : “You don’t mind, we took a big dump in
Josey : “Thank you, Mr. Pearson.
that this morning.”
That’s... That’s really great. I
Sherry : “Oh, how charming.”
didn’t want to forget anything, so
Sherry come in to the toilets and the theree men her
I wrote a couple of things down
co-worker are laughing her.
on a piece of paper here.”
Men I & II: “Sherry”
Mr. Pearson :“Excuse me, Josey.. Do you
The Porta-Jane has shaken by the men.
mind if I call you Josey ?”
Sherry : “Hey, cut it out! Stop it! Cut it out !”
Josey : “No”
Ricky : “What the hell’s going on?”
Mr. Pearson : “I’d like to make this easier for
Men III : “They got Sherry in the crapper”
you if you don’t mind. I already
Sherry : “Stop it, guys! Cut it out, It’s not
know what you’re going to tell
funny!”
me. I’ve been well-briefed. “
Men III : “Somebody’s gonna get hurt.”
Sherry : “Knock it off!”

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Josey : “That’s great. I just thought that worker dislike her because of her behaviour. Josey
a few of these..” is a bravely women who fights for equal rights in
Mr. Pearson :“Please, I think you’ll be workplace but not all people can accepted it.
pleasantly suprised.”
Josey : “Okay” Josey : “God, what’s that smell ?”
Mr. Pearson :“Well, the current union Peg : “Toilets overflowed again.”
contract requires that an Arlen : “I suggest you ladies get some sponges
employee provide us with two and buckets and get that room cleaned
week’s notice before leaving his before somebody gets
position. However, given how sick.”
obviously emotional this has Josey : “What’s going on ?”
been for you we’re willing to do Peg : “Go in. Look for yourself”
something special in this case. Josey and Big Betty go in room and see many
We’ve decided to waive the two- writen in the wall “Rats & Cunts” also bad smell
week requirement and allow too.
you to tender your resignation Josey : “Oh, my God. They can’t do this to us”
effective immediately.” Peg : “Sure, they can. They gonna keep on
Josey : “No. I’m sorry. I’m not doing it worse, as long as you keep
resigning. “ opening your mouth.
Mr. Pearson : “Mr. Pavich will take care of Josey : “Sherry, what they did to you..”
the details.” Sherry : “You didn’t help any. That’s for sure.”
Arlen : “Be happy to.” Big Betty: “Don’t look at me. This is our lives
Josey : “No. I’m not quitting. I need you’re screwing with.”
this job. “ Peg : “Your mess, start cleaning.”
Mr. Pearson : “Well, then I suggest you (Duration : [Link] – [Link])
spend less time stirring up your
female co-workers and less time Josey feels there is nobody can help her. Actually,
in the beds of your married she did it for her women co-worker but they did not
male co-workers and more time reliazed it and afraid to loose the job. After that in
trying to find ways to improve workplace, she met Bobby call her to Powder
your job performance. Does Room. Suddenly, he lay a hand on her and try to
anyone else have anything to threaten to her.
add ?”
Arlen : “That says it.” Bobby : “You’re one crazy bitch, you know
Mr. Pearson : “Josey, thank you again for that?”
making the drive down here.
Now, if you don’t mind we have Josey : “You said you had a job for me.”
other business. “ Bobby : “Yeah, You like that, don’t you ? You
(Duration : [Link] – [Link]) like that. To grab your pussy like that,
don’t you ? Forgot you liket it a little
The conversation above is the conversation in rough. You’re gonna learn the goddamn
meeting room between Josey and all high group rules if I have to beat them into you
member include Mr. Pearson as Director. This myself. Damn you, Josey.”
situation is one of impacts of discrimination and (Duration : [Link] – [Link])
sexual harassement that happens to all women co-
worker. When Josey comes to the rooms with smile, Those descriptive above proves that there are many
because she can report what she and other women intimidations which happens to Josey. Knowing that
co-worker got bad treatment and discriminations she unappreciated anymore in workplace, she
there. But when she want to tell the accident, her decided to sue the mine and try to finish the case in
bos have make strategies that she will be reputed to court. Then she asked a help of Glory’s friend, Bill
resign by herself and also threatening quit of job White. She needs all women co-worker to support
immediately. Josey feels more uncomfortable there, her but no one can support her. After analyze the
and being threated by all man there. There are Mr. descriptive above, the writer gets conclusion that
Pearson, Arlen, and two his colleagues. She do not being liberal feminist is not easy enough because
have rights to express her complaint to the company there are many effect or impact that must faced
in fact her opinion they did not want to hear. Josey as main character. Liberal feminism want
In women’s room, there is tragedy happened. After that everything has equal and although women and
she met with Mr. Pearson to complaint what happen man have the equal rights too. Impacts for main
in mine, she is being a target now. All her co- character in movie was so hard to describe because

101
Liberal Feminism In Movie North Country Directed By Niki Caro

she must strong inside before she faced it more than Josey : “I don’t wanna shut down the mine. I just
this. wanna go to work like everyone else. Get
paid end of the week, feed my kids, and
3. Obstacles Faced for Fights Equal Rights. hell maybe now and then have enough for
a beer at Tee-Gees Saturday Night. And
Josey try to sue the mine, and hope that the not a woman in that back row don’t know
company will appreciated their employee then what I’m talking about. You all know
giving especiality in some rules. When she continue what’s been done.”
it in court, she needs everyone to stand up for her Moderator : “Time’s up!”
who has the same experience like her. They all Josey :“We need these jobs. And it’s not
thinks that she is crazy. At first, she try to discussed gonna stop until we say stop!”
with Glory, but she think that she is crazy and did (Duration : [Link] – [Link])
not be grateful can be alive like that, but in Josey’s
mind it must take an action because if she allow this Josey feels frustated when in the court no one stand
problem away, it will be never end. After that, for her and she got other obstacles again, its about
Josey struggle to invite Sherry but she do not want explanation of her last memories that she has been
because she do not want to come back again to raped by her teacher and Boby has false confession.
mine. She is one of victims who got discrimination It so shameful for her and also her family.
and sexual harassement like Josey but she refused
it. She is never give up and keep try in sue mine Conlin : “Who is Sammy’s father ?”
with strong conviction in her heart. Josey : “I don’t know who Sammy’s father is.”
Conlin : “Is that because you’ve had so many
In one moment on Affiliated Steel Workers Local sexual partners ?”
820 Proud Confession, she try to invite all women White : “Objection. Plaintiff’s sexual history is
and her co-worker to stand for her in those chance. irrelevant. Your Honor.”
But only intimidations she get in the rooms, and Judge : “Overruled. Ms. Conlin who is the
everybody in that rooms hate her. gentlemen entering the courtroom ?”
Josey’s teacher come in to the court.
Men :“Get your ass home! I asked if Conlin : “Mr. Paul Lattavansky, Your honor,
any brothers would like to speak.” Ms. Aimes’s high school teacher. We’ve
Josey :“Bylaws say no meeting can subpoenaed him as an impeachment
adjourn if a member wants to witness.”
speak his or her mind.” White : “I have so many objections, I don’t know
Men :“I got your gavel right here, where to start.”
bitch!” Judge : “Witness will answer.”
Josey :“I am s.. I am still a member of Conlin : “Again, Ms. Aimes who is Sammy’s
this union.” father ?”
(Duration : [Link] – [Link]) Josey : “My son has got nothing to do with
She keep her step into the stage although everybody any of this.”
did not want to see her. But once again she try to Conlin : “Is it true that you and your teacher Mr.
convince all member that she is right and only want Lattavansky had a sexual relationship at
get equal rights not discrimination or sexual one time ?”
harassement. In men side, they are only laughing Josey : “A “relationship” ? What the hell you
when Josey expressed her opinion and in women been telling them, Bobby ?”
side only keep silent and giving stare at her in pity. Conlin : “Ms. Aimes, did not, at the age of 16,
Her father, Hanks, is trying to support her and give engage in a sexual relationship with your
his statement in order to Josey can speak up. She is high school teacher ?”
so nervous and afraid if there are some protests but Josey reminds that some long memories ago about
she must do it. she was raped by her teacher.
Conlin : “Are there any other witness to this
Men : “Can’t hear you. I can’t hear you.”
alleged rape ? anybody besides Mr. Sharp
Josey : “My father never wanted me to work
that can corroborate your testimony ?”
here.”
Josey : “No.”
Men : “That’s right. Sit on this and talk.”
(Duration : 1: 38:49 - [Link])
Josey :“Pretty much stopped talking to me
because of it. I know some of you here
From story above Josey got frustated because her
think I wanna shut down the mine.”
raped case involved her sue. Since Bobby
Men :“Don’t worry, sweetheart, we won’t let
testimony about it and finally it became discussed.
it happen!”
She tries to answer the questions from Conlin as she

102 Dwi Puji Hastuti, Deni Gunawan, Ria Andriani

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

could do. For the first she pretend that she do not Friedman, Lauri S. 2009. Writing the Critical
know who Sammy’s father, but when Conlin bring Essay Discrimination. United States of
her senior high teacher, Mr. Paul Lattavansky she is America : Greenhaven Press.
very shock because she met him in court after long
time never see him again. She is very hate him but Gibson and Johnson. 1998. Sexual Harassment
she did not hate Sammy, her child. Prevention Training Manual For Managers
and Supervisors How to Prevent and
Resolve Sexual Harassement Complaints
in the Workplace. United States of
CONCLUSION America : CCH INCORPORATED
North Country movie has some factor of liberal Hook, Bell. 2000. Feminism Is For Everybody :
feminism, such as discrimination and sexual Passionate Politics. Canada : South End
harassement aspects especially about sex. The Press.
writer is more focus on the main character, Josey
Aimes, because she was a bravely women then try Jaggar, Ellen J. 1983. Feminist Politics and Human
to sue the mine in order to get equal rights for Nature. Great Britain : The Harvester Press
women co-worker there. Limited.

As the result of analyzis of North Country movie, Marshment and Gamman. 2010. Tatapan
the writer get some reason of her fight equal rights Perempuan : Perempuan Sebagai Penonton
and also gets some theories which are can compare Budaya Populer. Yogyakarta : Jalasutra.
with the movie. Many factors that causes the main
character fight for equal rights are found through Martin, David. 2006. A Specially Commissioned
the reasearch. Those reason for discrimination Report Discrimination Law And
aspects that happen to the main character are Employment Issues Avoiding the Pitfalls
women should not work in mine because it is not in : Age, Disability, Gender, Race,
casual with her gender, different treatment between Religion, Sex and Sexual Orientation.
men and women, then women’s opinion ignored. In London : Thorogood Publishing, Ltd.
sexual harassement aspects are vulgar behaviour
and statement from men workers, then there are Schwartzman, Lisa H, . 1969. Challenging
tragedy for ladies at powder room accident. Those Liberalism : Feminism As Political
reason make the main character bravely to fight for Critique. United States of America : The
equal rights. Pennsylvania State University Press.

Tomasevski, Katarina. 1993. Women and Human

Rights. London : Zed Books, Ltd.
REFERENCE
Tong, Rosemarie. 2009. Feminist Thought : A
Beasly, Chris. 1999. What Is Feminism ? An More Comprehensive Introduction Third
Introudction to Feminist Theory. London : Edition. Colorado : Westview Press.
SAGE Publications, Ltd.
Wagner, Ellen J. 1992. Sexual Harassement in the
Boland, Mary L. 2005. Sexual Harassement in the Workplace : How to Prevent, Investigate,
Workplace. United States of America : and Resolve Problems in Your
Sphinx© Publishing, An Imprint of Organization. United States of America :
Sourcebooks, Inc® Creative Solutions, Inc.

Butler, Judith. 1990. Gender Trouble. New York : Williams and Delliger. 2010. Gender and
Routledge, Chapman & Hal, Inc. Sexuality in the Workplace. United
Kingdom : Emerald Group Publishing
Craig, Ronald. 2007. Systemic Discrimination in Limited.
Employment and the Promotion of Ethic
Equality. Netherlands : Martinus Niijhoff
Publishers.
PROFIL PENULIS
Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs. 1970. Women’s Place
Options And Limits in Professional Dwi Puji Hastuti, S.S lahir di Jakarta. Bergabung
Careers. London : University of California dengan Akademi Bahasa Asing sejak 2015. Telah
Press, Ltd. mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Sastra di Sekolah Tinggi
Ilmu Bahasa Asing dengan program studi sastra

103
Liberal Feminism In Movie North Country Directed By Niki Caro

inggris dan saat ini sedang melanjutkan studi S2 di

Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Jakarta. Beberapa
artikel yang telah diterbitkan juga diseminarkan
diantaranya: Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan
Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT.
Intisel Prodaktifakom Jakarta, Sistem Informasi
Penjualan Berbasis Web Pada Restoran Caki Cake
Karawang.

Deni Gunawan, [Link] lahir di Karawang.

Bergabung dengan Akademi Manajemen
Informatika sejak 2016. Telah mendapatkan gelar
Sarjana Komputer di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu
Komputer dengan program studi sistem informasi
dan saat ini sedang melanjutkan studi S2 di STIMIK
Nusa Mandiri Jakarta. Beberapa artikel yang telah
diterbitkan juga diseminarkan diantaranya:
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Disiplin Kerja
Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Intisel
Prodaktifakom Jakarta, Sistem Informasi Penjualan
Berbasis Web Pada Restoran Caki Cake Karawang.

Ria Andriani, S.M lahir di Padang. Bergabung

dengan Akademi Sekertari dan Manajemen sejak
2015. Telah mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Manajemen
di Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Kosgoro dengan
program studi manajemen dan saat ini sedang
melanjutkan studi S2 di Universitas Budi Luhur
Jakarta. Beberapa artikel yang telah diterbitkan juga
diseminarkan diantaranya: Pengaruh Lingkungan
Kerja Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja
Karyawan PT. Intisel Prodaktifakom Jakarta,
Sistem Informasi Penjualan Berbasis Web Pada
Restoran Caki Cake Karawang.

104 Dwi Puji Hastuti, Deni Gunawan, Ria Andriani

Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438
[Link]
[Link]

Persepsi Mahasiswa Dalam Pembelajaran Online

Nuryansyah Adijaya1, Lestanto Pudji Santosa2

1
Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta
email: nuryansyah@[Link]
2
Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta
email : [Link]@[Link]

Cara Sitasi:
Adijaya, N., & Santosa, L. P. (2018). Persepsi Mahasiswa Dalam Pembelajaran Online. Wanastra, 10(2), 550.

Abstract - Internet connection has become inseparable part in modern life because it can help people do their
activities easier in many areas of work, including in education. Thus, many education practitioners and
institutions create online learning to support their learning-teaching process. Online learning is also considered
more practical to hold learning teaching activities because it does not need a classroom to run the activities. So,
lecture and students can create a class from different place. However, online learning faces some problems in its
application; student’s interaction and learning environment. Therefore, this study is intended to explore those
problems based on students’ perception. Survey research with Likert scale technique was used to get the data by
giving 100 students questioners. But, only 54 students returned the questioners. Based on the questioners that
have been analyzed, researchers found that students face some problems to interact, not only with other students
but also with lecturer. It is shown by high percentage of students’ disagreement to statements that declare
students’ interaction in online class already support them in learning process. Likewise learning environment,
students feel that learning environment in online learning less support them in learning teaching process. Thus,
to help students develop their interaction and learning environment, lecturers can facilitate them by creating a
group in social media to interact and boost learning environment atmosphere among class members.

Keywords: Online learning, Student’s interaction, Learning environment

PENDAHULUAN pembelajaran dengan mengintegrasikan koneksi

internet dengan proses belajar mengajar dikenal
Di era globalisasi seperti sekarang ini dimana dengan sistem Online learning atau sistem belajar
mobalitas dan aktivitas manusia sangat tinggi, virtual, (Bentley, Selassie, & Shegunshi, 2012).
koneksi internet menjadi hal yang sangat dibutuhkan Online learning sampai saat ini masih dianggap
dan sulit dipasahkan dalam kehidupan manusia sebagai terobosan atau paradigma baru dalam
untuk membantu berbagai macam kegiatan mulai kegiatan belajar mengajar dimana dalam proses
dari kegiatan ekonomi, budaya, pertahanan dan lain kegiatan belajar mengajar karena antara mahasiwa
sebagainya, (Fallows, 2004). Sebagai contoh, dan dosen tidak perlu hadir ruang kelas. Mereka
beberapa tahun lalu, seseorang yang ingin membeli hanya mengandalkan koneksi internet untuk
sesuatu harus pergi ke toko atau supermarket untuk melakukan proses kegiatan belajar dan proses
mendapatkan barang yang dinginkan, tetapi tersebut dapat dilakukan dari tempat yang berjauhan.
sekarang ia tidak perlu lagi melakukan hal tersebut. Karena kemudahan dan kepraktisan sistem
Dia cukup mengandalkan konkesi internet untuk perkuliahan virtual atau online learning, tidak heran
mencari barang yang diinginkan dan untuk bila banyak institusi yang menggunakan perkuliahan
mengantarkan barang itu sampai ke tangannya online. Dengan demikian pembelajaran online dapat
cukup dengan memesan angkutan yang bisa dipesan dilakukan dari manapun mahasiswa dan dosen
melalui applikasi berbasis koneksi internet. berada. Namun pertanyaannya adalah apakah
Mengingat banyak manfaat dari internet bagi aktifitas dan psikologi belajar dalam pembelajaran
kehidupan manusi, muncul pemkiran dari berbagai online memiliki nuansa yang sama atau sekurangnya
ahli pendidikan untuk memanfaatkan koneksi mendekati dengan aktivitas dan psikologi belajar
internet dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Dengan dalam pembelajaran tatap [Link] beberapa
mengintegrasikan koneksi internet, diharapkan masalah yang dihadapi dalam pembelajaran online;
kegiatan pembelajaran akan memberi kemudahan materi ajar, interaksi belajar, dan lingkungan belajar.
dalam proses belajar mengajar yang pada akhirnya (Fortune, Spielman, & Pangelinan, 2011) dan
dapat memberi hasil belajar yang lebih baik. Sistem (Roberts & McInnerney, 2007). Materi ajar yang

Diterima: 28-07-18 Direvisi: 28-08-18 Disetujui: 24-09-18 105

Persepsi Mahasiswa Dalam Pembelajaran Online

digunakan dalam pembelajaran online apakah sudah (Moore, Dickson-Deane, & Galyen, 2011).
sesuai dengan kebutuhan mahasiswa?, apakah Berdasarkan penjelsan tersebut dapat disimpulkan
instruksi-instruksi dalam materi ajar yang digunakan bahwa dosen dan mahasiwa dapat melakukan
dalam pembelajaran online mudah dimengerti oleh pembelajaran hanya dengan mengadalakan koneksi
mahasiswa?, dan lain sebagainya. Interaksi belajar internet dan mereka tidak perlu ruang kelas untuk
juga memegang peranan penting dalam proses melakukan proses pembelajaran. Namun dalam
belajar-mengajar. ((Su, Bonk, Magjuka, Liu, & Lee, kenyataannya, Pembelajaran online bukan suatu
2005)) menjelaskan bahwa memiliki peranan jenis pembelajaran yang tanpa permasalahan dalam
penting dalam proses pembelajar untuk membangun prosesnya. Ada beberapa permasalahan yang biasa
hubungan baik sesama mahasiwa maupun antara muncul dalam pembelajaran online, seperti yang
mahasiswa dan dosen. Berdasarkan penjelasan dikatakan oleh bahwa ada tiga hal permasalahan
tersebut diketahui bahwa interaksi belajar sangan yang biasa muncul dalam pembelajaran online;
penting dibangun dalam proses pembelajaran. Tetapi penggunaan materi ajar, interaksi mahasiswa, dan
pertanyaannya adalah apakah interkasi belajar suasana belajar. (Fortune et al., 2011) dan (Roberts
sudah terbangun dalam pembelajaran online untuk & McInnerney, 2007). Materi ajar memiliki peranan
mendukung dalam kegiatan pembelajaran? Sebagai yang sangat penting dalam proses pembelajaran
contoh dalam perkuliahan tatap muka bila seoarang sebagai sumber kajian dalam belajar. Interaksi
mahasiswa tidak memahami sesuatu dalam mahasiwa salah satu faktor untuk membantu
pembelajaran, ia dapat langsung menanyakan hal mahasiswa dalam menggapai hasil belajar yang
tersebut kepada mahasiswa lain maupun dengan lebih optimal. Tidak kalah penting dari materi ajar
dosen dan ia akan langsung mendapatkan penjelasan dan interaksi mahasiwa, lingkugan belajar juga
dari mereka. Setelah itu mahsiswa dan dosen yang memiliki peranan penting bagi mahasiswa mengapai
menjelaskan dapat menanyakan langsung “apakah hasil belajar yang lebih baik.
sudah paham?” bila belum, maka dosen atau
mahasiswa yang ,menjelaskan dapat menanyakan Interaksi Mahasiswa
lagi “bagian mana yang tidak paham?”, proses
interaksi belajar harus tetap terjaga dalam membatu Interaksi mahaiswa sangat penting dalam proses
mahasiswa dalam proses belajar. Yang terakhir pembelajaran baik antara mahasiswa dengan
adalah lingkungan belajar. Hal ini juga penting mahasiswa maupun antara mahassiwa dengan doesn
dalam memmbantu mahaiswa dalam proses belajar. untuk membangkity semangat belajar, sehingga
lingkungan belajar memiliki peranan besar dalam yang pada akhirnya mahasiwa dapat menggapai
membantu mahasiswa dalam proses belajar karena hasil yang lebih maksimal. Interaksi mahasiswa
dapat memberi semangat. (Ado, 2015). dengan mahasiwa dan mahaiswa dengan dosen harus
selalu dibangun untuk meningkatkan komunikasi
Berdasarkan kajian di atas mengenai permasalahan dan diskusi tentang setiap kegiatan dalam proses
yang mungkin muncul dalam pembelajaran online belajar mengajar (Lin & Lin, 2015). Sebagai contoh
yaitu mengenai interaksi mahasiswa, dan lingkungan bila seorang siswa tidak memahami sebuah
belajar, maka peneliti tertarik untuk mengeksplorasi pertanyaan atau konsep, ia dapat bertanya kepada
hal-hal tersebut di dalam mata kuliah TOEFL 2 yang mahasiwa untuk menjelaskan permasalahan tersebut
dilakukan secara online. Sedangkan permasalahan hingga ia mengerti dan sebaliknya bila mahasiswa
materi ajar telah dikaji pada penelitian sebelumnya. yang menjelaskan tersebut ada permasalahan maka
Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti memiliki dua ia dapat bertanya kepada mahasiswa lain. Bila
pertanyaan penelitian: (1) Apa persepsi mahasiswa mahasisawa-mahasiwa tersebut tidak mengatasi
terhadap interaksi belajar antara mahasiswa dengan permasalahan tersebut maka mereka dapat bertanya
mahasiswa dan mahasiswa dengan dosen? dan (2) kepada dosen. Interaksi tersebut harus tetap terjaga
apa persepsi mahasiswa tentang lingkungan belajar karena dapat membantu mereka mncapai hasil
dalam pembelajaran online? belajar yang lebih baik.

Pembelajaran online dan Permasalahannya Lingkungan Belajar

Pembelajaran online atau pembelajaran virtual Lingkunan belajar perperan sangat penting dalam
dianggap sebagai paradigma baru dalam proses proses pembelajaran untuk menciptakan suasana
pembelajarn karena dapat dilakukan cara yang nyaman dan motivasi mahsiswa dalam belajar
sangat mudah tanpa harus bertatap muka di suatu sehingga mahasiswa dapat menggapai hasil belajar
ruang kelas dan hanya mengandalkan sebuah yang lebih baik. Lingkangan belajar menjadi salah
aplikasi berbasis koneksi internet maka proses satu bagian penting dalam membantu mahasiswa
pemebelajaran dapat [Link] memiliki semangat belajar yang lebih baik, oleh
online adalah sebuah jenis proses pembelajaran yang karena itu lingkungan belajar harus mampu
mengandalakan koneksi internet untuk mengadakan menciptakan ketenangan serta dapat memotivasi
proses pembelajaran. (Kučírková, 2012) dan belajr lebih baik (Radovan & Makovec, 2015).

106 Nuryansyah Adijaya, Lestanto Pudji Santosa

 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

Sebagai contoh biasanya seseorang didalam kelas

akan memiliki semangat yang lebih baik bila ia
memiliki teman-teman yang memiliki giat dalam
belajar.

METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

Metode Likert scale survey digunkan dalam

penelitian ini, yaitu dengan menyebar angket kepada
100 mahaiswa dalam perkuliahan TOEFL yang
berbasis online. Namun, dari 100 mahaisswa yang
diberikan angket hanya 54 mahasiswa yang
mengembalikan angket tersebut. Metode tersebut Berdasarkan dagram di atas tergambar bahwa
digunakan karena cocok digunakan untuk mahasiswa menunjukan persepsi tidak setuju bila
mengeksplorasi persepsi mahasiswa. Metode likert dikatakan bahwa interaksi mahasiswa di dalam
scale survey adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif pembelajaran online sudah mendukung mereka
untuk mendapatkan data dari sekelompok manusia dalam belajar. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan alasan-
dengan pendekatan setuju/tidak setuju, puas/tidak alasan yang mereka berikan saat merespon angket
puas, dan sebagainya tentang sikap, opini, tingkah bahwa mereka memiliki kendala dalam
laku, atau karakteristik dari manusia tersebut. dalam berkomunikasi baik sesama mahasiswa maupun
jenis penelitian ini peneliti mengumpulkan data dengan dosen. Berikut respon mahasiswa terhadap
secara kuantitatif, data tersebut berupa; questionaire, tiap butir pertanyaan.
interview, dan data yang didapat dinalisis secara
statistik untuk menunjukan trend dari respon yang 1. Perkuliahan online lebih memberi kemudahan
diberikan oleh populasi sasaran tentang fenomena bagi saya berinteraksi dengan dosen. Dari
yang dibahas. (Creswell, 2012) dan (Boone & pertanyaan tersebut, 57,41% mahasiswa
Boone, 2012). Data yang didapat dari angket menyatakan tidak setuju. Hal ini memeberi
tersebut disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan diagram peringatan dini bagi kita semua karena interaksi
untuk mengetahui kecenderungan persepsi antara mahasiswa dengan dosen sangat penting
mahasiswa terhadap interaksi mahasiswa dan untuk membangun komunikasi dalam proses
lingkungan belajar dalam perkuliahan online. belajar mengajar. Hal ini terjadi karena dalam
perkuliahan mahasiswa dan dosen sangat jarang
bertatap muka. Hal itu terbukti dari alasan
mahasiswa dalam menjawab pertanyaan tersebut.
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
2. Interaksi dengan dosen lebih mudah akrab dengan
Dari angket yang telah dianalisis, didapatkan hasil perkuliahan online. Pertanyaan berikut direspon
seperti berikut: dengan 51,85% oleh mahasiswa yang berarti
bahwa dalam perkuliahan mahasiswa lebih sulit
1. Hasil angket persepsi mahasiswa terhadap
akrab dengan dosen. Hal ini karena jarangnya
interaksi mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran online
tatap muka antara mahasiswa dengan dosen.
tersaji dalam tabel dan diagram dibawah ini.
3. Mengutarakan permasalahan yang dihadapi
Tabel.1: Analisis persepsi mahasiswa terhadap
dalam perkuliahan kepada dosen lebih nyaman
interaksi mahasiswa
melalui online seperti email daripada tatap muka.
Pertanyaan tersebut direspon dengan 38, 89% oleh
mahasiswa dalam angket. Angka tersebut
mengindikasikan bahwa mahasiswa menghadapi
permasalahan dalam mengutarakan permasalahan
dalam perkuliahan kepada dosen mereka. Hal
dapat berakibat buruk. Karena seharusnya bila
mahasiswa mengalami masalah dalam
perkuliahan, maka mereka sebisa mungkin
berkonsultasi kepada dosen mereka agar
permasalahan tersebut dapat dicari solusinya.
Hasil dalam bentuk tabel di atas selanjutnya
dianalisis untuk mengetahui persentase persepsi 4. Miskomunikasi antara dosen dan mahasiswa lebih
mahasiswa terhadap setiap butir pertanyaan, yang sering terjadi dalam perkuliahan online. 38,89%
tercermin dalam diagram di bawah ini. dari total mahasiswa merespon bahwa
miskominikasi antara dosen dengan mahasiswa
107
Persepsi Mahasiswa Dalam Pembelajaran Online

sering terjadi. Hal ini dikarenakan mahasiswa dan bahwa penyelasian masalah yang terjadi dalam
dosen hanya melakukan interaksi melalui bahasa perkuliahan online lebih sulit dilakukan.
tulisan seperti WA. Seperti yang kita ketahui
bahwa dalam berkomunikasi dengan bahasa tulis, Dari penjabaran di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa
seseorang sering mehadapi miskomunikasi. dalam perkuliahan online mahasiwa mendapatkan
kesulitan dalam berinteraksi baik sesama mahasiswa
5. Berkolaborasi dengan dosen seperti penelitian maupun kepada dosen. Hal tersebut dibuktikan
bersama, kepanitian bersama dan sebagainya lebih dengan tingkat persentase tinggi yang menunjukkan
sering terjadi dalam perkuliahan online. Dalam ketidaksetujuan terhadap pernyataan yang
perkuliahan online, mahasiswa juga mengalami mengatakan interaksi mahasiswa dalam perkuliahan
permasalahan untuk melakukan kolaborasi dengan online telah berjalan dengan baik.
dosen dengan 53,70% dari total mahasiswa
menyatakan tidak setuju. Seperti yang kita ketahui 2. Hasil angket persepsi mahasiswa terhadap
bahwa baiknya dosen sering melakukan kerjasama lingkungan belajar dalam perkuliahan online tersaji
dalam melakukan kegitan; penelitian, abdimas, dalam tabel dan diagram di berikut ini.
dan lain sebagianya.
Tabel.2: Analisis persepsi mahasiswa terhadap
6. Perkuliahan online lebih memberi kemudahan lingkungan belajar dalam kelas online
bagi saya berinteraksi dengan sesama mahasiswa.
Selain permasalahan interaksi dengan dosen,
ternyata perkuliahan online memberi kesulitan
bagi mahasiswa berinterasksi dengan sesama
mahasiswa lainnya. Hal tersebut dibuktikan
dengan angka 35,19% dari total keseluruhan
mahasiswa. Hal tersebut harus dicari solusinya,
karena bila mahasiswa menghadapi masalah
interaksi sesama mahasiswa, dapat mempengaruhi
proses belajar. Sehingga pada akhirnya, dapat
mempengaruhi hasil belajar para mahasiswa Data di atas dianalisis untuk mengetahui rerata
tersebut. pesepsi mahasiswa terhadap setiap butir pertanyaan,
seperti ditunjukan pada diagram di bawah ini.
7. Interaksi dengan sesama mahasiswa lebih mudah
akrab dengan perkuliahan online. Pertanyaan Diagram diatas menunjukan respon kurang positif
tersebut direspon tidak setuju oleh mahasiswa mahasiswa terhadap lingkungan belajar yang
sebanyak 40,74%. hal ini menandai bahwa terdapat pada kelas perkuliahan online. Hal ini
interaksi sesama mahasiswa memiliki kendala terlihat dari tingginya persentase ketidakpuasan
dalam perkuliahan online. mahasiswa terhadap lingkungan belajar yang mereka
alami di kelas online seperti berikut ini.
8. Miskomunikasi sesama mahasiswa lebih sering
terjadi dalam perkuliahan online, seperti membuat
makalah. Untuk pertanyaan ini, sebagian besar
mahasiswa merespon setuju dengan total 44,44%
dari seluruh seluruh mahasiswa. Hal ini
menunjukan bahwa dalam perkuliahan online
sering terjadi miskomunikasi sesama mahasiswa.

9. Berkolaborasi dengan sesama mahasiswa seperti

membuat penelitian bersama, lebih sering terjadi
dalam perkuliahan online. Pertanyaan ini direspon
tidak setuju oleh mahasiswa dengan mencapai
37,04%. Mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam
berkolaborasi dengan mahasiswa lain, seperti
membuat makalah bersama, penelitian bersama,
dan sebagainya.

10. Menyelesaikan permasalahan sesama mahasiswa 1. Lingkungan belajar perkuliahan online membantu
lebih mudah dalam pembelajaran online, seperti saya memahami materi pembelejaran lebih
makalah kelompok yang belum lengkap. Untuk mudah. Pertanyaan tersebut mendapat respon
pertanyaan ini, mahasiswa merespon tidak setuju tidak setuju dengan angka 33,33%. hal ini
dengan mencapai 48,15%. Hal ini menunjukan dikarenakan mahasiswa merasa lingkungan
belajar di perkuliahan online kurang mendukung
108 Nuryansyah Adijaya, Lestanto Pudji Santosa
 Volume 10 No. 2 September 2018
P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438

suasana belajar. Misalnya dalam perkuliahan tatap alasan paling sering dilontarkan mahasiswa dalam
muka, bila mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan mengambil perkuliahan online.
memahami materi, maka mahasiswa tersebut
dapat bertanya secara langsung kepada dosen atau 8. Saya lebih suka merespon pertanyaan secara
mahasiswa lainnya. Dan bila mahasiswa tersebut langsung daripada melalui online seperti email.
masih belum memahami, maka ia dapat terus Pertanyaan ini paling banyak direspon dengan
bertanya hingga ia paham. Namun hal ini sulit setuju dengan mencapai 50% dari total
terjadi di perkuliahan online. keseluruhan mahasiswa. Meneurut mereka dengan
menjawab langsung suatu pertanyaan, mereka
2. Lingkungan belajar pada perkuliahan online akan mendapat tanggapan langsung baik dari
membangkitkan saya untuk belajar lebih giat dosen maupun dari mahasiswa lainnya. Berbeda
untuk memahami materi. Pertanyaan ini mendapat dengan dengan menjawab secara online,
respon tidak setuju sebanyak 37,04%. Hal ini tanggapan yang diberikan memerlukan waktu.
mengindikasikan bahwa mahasiswa mengalami
kekurangan semangat dalam memahami materi 9. Lingkungan belajar pada perkuliahan online
dalam perkuliahan online. membuat saya lebih mudah menemukan
kebutuhan belajar saya. 35,19% dari total
3. Lingkungan belajar pada perkuliahan online yang mahasiswa merespon tidak setuju. Hal ini
mendorong saya mengambil perkuliahan online. dikarenakan mereka mengalami kesulitan mencari
Pertanyaan ini mendapat respon tidak setuju solusi bila mereka menghadapi masalah dalam
sebanyak 29.63%. Menurut penjelasan belajar. Misalnya mereka kesulitan memahami
mahasiswa, mereka memilih perkuliahan online materi yang sedang dibahas. Dalam perkuliahan
karena mereka tidak memiliki waktu untuk datang tatap muka, mereka dapat bertanya langsung
ke kampus seperti bekerja. kepada mahasiswa maupun kepada dosen . Bila
penjelasan dari dosen maupun rekan mahasiswa
4. Saya merasa nyaman untuk menjawab kurang jelas, maka mahasiswa yang mengalami
pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang diberikan dalam dapat bertanya lagi dan lagi hingga mengerti.
perkuliahan online. Pertanyaan ini mendapat Namun, hal ini sulit terjadi di perkuliahan tatap
respon netral sebanyak 42,59%. respon netral muka.
mengindikasikan bahwa mahasiswa tidak dapat
memutuskan secara pasti. Karena menurut mereka 10. Saya menyarankan lebih banyak lagi perkuliahan
hal tersebut tergantung pertanyaan tentang apa diadakan dalam bentuk online karena lingkungan
dan matakuliah apa yang mereka ambildalam belajarnya menyenangkan. Pertanyaan tersebut
perkuliahan online. direspon dengan tidak setuju dan netral oleh
mahasiswa masing-masing sebanyak 31,48%.
5. Saya lebih senang lingkungan belajar pada Mereka menjelaskan bahwa ada beberapa jenis
perkuliahan online daripada tatap muka. Pada matakuliah yang dapat dilakukan dalam
pertanyaan butir 5, sebagain besar mahasiswa perkuliahan online dan sulit dilakukan dalam
merespon tidak setuju yang mencapai 40,74%. perkuliahan online. Matakuliah yang dapat
menurut mereka lingkungan belajar pada lakukan dengan online adalah matakuliah yang
perkuliahan tatap muka lebih menyenangkan dan tidak memerlukan penjelasan lebih
lebih membantu dalam proses belajar. rinci/menggunakan rumus, misalnya Agama,
Pancasila, dan sebagainya. Sedangkan matakuliah
6. Saya mengambil perkuliahan online karena yang sulit dilakukan dalam perkuliahan online
memang saya suka dengan lingkungan belajar adalah matakuliah yang perlu penjelasan lebih
nya, bukan karena saya tidak punya waktu seperti rinci/ menggunakan rumus-rumus, misalnya
bekerja. Pertanyaan ini direspon oleh mahasiswa statistik, matematika, dan sebagainya. Dari
dengan tidak setuju sebanyak 40,74%. Dari angka penjelasan ini dapat dipahami ada beberapa
tersebut diketahui bahwa mahasiswa mengambil matakuliah yang seharusnys dilakukan dengan
perkuliahan online karena faktor lain selain tatap muka dan beberapa matakuliah yang dapat
keinginan untuk belajar, seperti bekerja. dilakukan dalam perkuliahan online.
7. Lingkungan belajar pada perkuliahan online 11. Lingkungan belajar pada perkuliahan online
berkontribusi besar pada kepuasan saya dalam lebih memudahkan saya mengatasi masalah
belajar. Pertanyaan ini direspon netral oleh belajar yang saya hadapi. Pertanyaan ini direspon
sebagian besar mahasiswa dengan total 38,89%. dengan tidak setuju dengan total mahasiswa
Sementara diurutan kedua mahasiswa merespon 38,89%. Seperti yang dijabarkan di atas bahwa
tidak setuju dengan angka 37,04%. alasan mereka dalam perkuliahan online mengalami mencari
menjawab netral adalah mereka dapat mengikuti solusi bila mendapat masalah dalam pelajaran.
perkuliahan tanpa merugikan tugas mereka yang Sebagai contoh bila di dalam kelas tatap muka
lain seperti bekerja. Alasan bekerja menjadi bila mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan memahami
109
Persepsi Mahasiswa Dalam Pembelajaran Online

materi, maka mahasiswa tersebut dapat bertanya 2929.2004.02012.x

langsung baik kepada dosen, maupun kepada
mahasiswa lainnya. Setelah dosen atau mahasiswa Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research:
yang ditanya memberi penjelasan, maka mereka Planning, conducting, and evaluating
dapat bertanya langsung kepada penanya “Apakah quantitative and qualitative research.
sudah paham?”. Bila penanya masih belum Educational Research (Vol. 4).
memahami maka ia akan akan ditanya bagian [Link]
mana yang belum paham. Dosen atau mahasiswa 04
akan melakukan banyak cara untuk membantu
mahasiswa yang mengalami kesulitan tersebut Fallows, D. (2004). The Internet and Daily Life.
untuk memahami, misalnya dengan memberikan Pew Research Center’s Internet & American
ilustrasi, gerak tubuh, penjelasan yang berulang- Life Project.
ulang, dan sebagainya. Namun hal tersebut sulit
ditemukan dalam perkuliahan online. Dimana Fortune, M. F., Spielman, M., & Pangelinan, D. T.
dosen atau mahasiswa yang memberi penjelasan (2011). Students’ Perceptions of Online or
terkendala media untuk menyampaikan Face-to-Face Learning and Social Media in
penjelasan. Hospitality, Recreation and Tourism.
MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and
12. Tidak ada bedanya bagi saya lingkungan belajar Teaching, 7(1), 1–16.
pada perkuliahan online dan tatap muka. Karena
keduanya sama-sama menyenangkan. Sebanyak Kučírková, L. (2012). A Comparison of Study
44,44% mahasiswa merespon netral atau para Results of Business English Students in e-
mahasiswa tersebut tidak dapat menentukan sikap learning and Face-to-face courses. Journal on
untuk setuju atau tidak setuju. Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and
Science, 5(3), 173–184.
Dari penjelasan di atas tentang respon mahasiswa [Link]
terhadap lingkungan belajar di perkuliah online,
dapat disimpulkan bahwa lingkungan belajar di Lin, E., & Lin, C. H. (2015). the Effect of Teacher-
perkuliahan online belum mendukung mahasiswa Student Interaction on Students ’ Learning
belajar. oleh karena itu untuk meningkatkan kulaitas Achievement in Online Tutoring Environment.
lingkungan belajar dalam perkuliahan online, maka International Journal of Technical Research
diperlukan dukungan semua pihak. Selain itu, hasil and Applications E-ISSN: 2320-8163, 22(22),
penelitian ini juga memperkuat hasil kajian dari 19–22.
Roberts & McInnerney (2007). Seven problems of
Moore, J. L., Dickson-Deane, C., & Galyen, K.
online group learning (and their solutions)
(2011). E-Learning, online learning, and
distance learning environments: Are they the
same? Internet and Higher Education, 14(2),
129–135.
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110 Nuryansyah Adijaya, Lestanto Pudji Santosa