Physical Geology
Chapter 7
Metamorphic Rocks
Notes
Slide 1
Who is most responsible for the formation of metamorphic rocks: Mr. Internal or Mr.
External? Explain
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Slide 2:
Explain why we do not live “normal” conditions by the standard of Earth’s interior.
Slide 3:
___________________________________ is the changing of rock (in the solid state)
from on kind of rock to another by changing texture and/or composition.
Metamorphic rock is rock that ___________________________________
___________________________________ is what we call the preexisting rock before it
was metamorphosed.
Slide 4:
What are the three agents of metamorphism?
a) ___________________________________
b) ___________________________________
c) ___________________________________
Slide 5:
Name three occasions (conditions) under which chemical changes may occur rock.
a) ___________________________________
b) ___________________________________
c) ___________________________________
___________________________________ occurs at the surface.
___________________________________ occurs in sedimentary rock as water moves
through the rock dissolving some old minerals and depositing new minerals.
Metamorphism
a) ___________________________________
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b) _______________________________
Slide 6:
What four things happen during metamorphism?
a) _________________________________________________________________
_
b) ______________________________________________________________
c) ______________________________________________________________
d) ______________________________________________________________
Slide 7:
Minerals/ rocks are metamorphosed because _______________________________
Minerals change form in order to fit into _______________________________
New minerals form (from existing ions/elements already present) __________________
Slide 8:
What four factors affect the character of a metamorphic rock?
a) ______________________________________________________________
b) ______________________________________________________________
c) ______________________________________________________________
d) ______________________________________________________________
Slide 9:
_______________________________ form from the matter that is already present.
For the most part, _______________________________ are not introduced into the
metamorphic environment.
_______________________________ can’t form from __________________________
rich rock.
The law of _______________________________ must be obeyed. You can’t create
_______________________________ form _______________________________ that
aren’t already there (unless _______________________________)
_______________________________ NOT------ __________________________
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Slide 10:
_______________________________ (_______________________________) is the
pressure on all surfaces of a body due to burial.
_______________________________ increases _______________________________
of newly formed minerals.
Draw a diagram showing how confining pressure can increase the pressure of a newly
formed mineral.
Slide 11:
What is the pressure caused by the air on (around) us? ____________________psi
14 psi = 1 atmosphere (Atm) = 1 _______________________________
What is the pressure beneath 10 meters of water? _____________________________
What is the pressure under 10 feet of rock? _______________________________
How many times more pressure is there at the deepest part of the ocean than at Earth’s
surface? _______________________________
What is the pressure, in bars, under one mile of rock? _____________________ (that’s
70,000 psi)
What is the pressure, in kilobars, under two miles of rock? _______________________
(That’s 1000 times the pressure you and I feel right now under the influence of air
pressure.)
Slide 12:
Pressure from colliding _______________________________ creates tectonic
_______________________________, which cause __________________________.
Slide 13:
Tectonic forces create _______________________________ stress, which is when
forces are _______________________________ in on direction than in another.
_______________________________ is another name for force.
Differential forces cause _______________________________, which is the stretching
or alignment of particles along one _______________________________.
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Slide 14:
Make a drawing comparing confining pressure and differential stress.
Slide 15:
Name the two types of differential stress
a) _______________________________
b) _______________________________
Define each type of force in the space below.
a) _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___
b) _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
__
Make a labeled drawing to show the different types of stress.
Slide 16:
Make three sketches. With one, show the alignment of particles in a rock with no
differential stress. With the second show how particles are aligned with compressional
force. With the third show how particles are aligned in a rock with shear forces. Be sure
to draw arrows and label each sketch.
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Slide 17:
Name two sources of heat for metamorphism:
a) ______________________________________________________________
b) ______________________________________________________________
Give an example of one radioactive decay that produces heat within the earth.
Slide 18:
How do fluids affect metamorphism?
a) _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
____
b) _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
__
c) _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___
Slide 19:
_______________________________ processes take __________________of years.
We can _______________________________ the heat and
_______________________________ of metamorphism, but we can’t reproduce the
amount of _______________________________ it takes for metamorphism to occur.
Slide 20:
Metamorphic rocks are classified by _______________________________ and
______________________________
Name and define the two metamorphic rock textures:
a) _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___
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b) _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___
Slide 23:
How does a foliated rock texture form?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
___
What is the main agent of metamorphism responsible for a nonfoliated. _____________
Make and label a sketch (cartoon) showing the arrangement of particles in a foliated rock
and in a nonfoliated rock.
Slide 24:
Name six common minerals that make up metamorphic rocks.
Name several other minerals that can also be associated with metamorphic rocks.
Slide 25:
Name the common minerals associated with each of the following metamorphic rocks:
Soapstone:
Gneiss:
Marble:
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Schist:
Slide 26 and 27:
Describe the texture and composition of each of the following metamorphic rocks:
Describe any properties that would be useful to help you identify each rock.
Slate
Phyllite
Schist
Gneiss
Quartzite
Soapstone
Marble
Metaconglomerate.
Slide 28:
Make sure you can identify all of the metamorphic rocks shown in this slide.
Slide 29:
Each of the following parent rocks produces the following metamorphic rocks:
Parent Rock
Limestone _____________________________
Quartz Sandstone _____________________________
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Conglomerate _____________________________
Shale _____________________________
Granite _____________________________
Slide 35:
_________________________________- are combinations of igneous and metamorphic
rocks. It is difficult to tell if the rock is one or the other. It was partly melted and partly
solid.
_________________________________ metamorphic rocks may grade into each other.
_______________________________________________________________________
Added _____________________________ is required for each step.
_____________________________ causes the crystals to grow larger.
Slide 39:
Give the steps in the metamorphism of a basalt.
_____________________ _______________________ _________________________
Slide 41:
Give the steps/stages in the metamorphism of carbon, starting with peat.
Diamond ______________________________________ from coal.
Slide 43:
There are two main types of metamorphism: __________________________ and
________________________. ________________________ or
________________________metamorphism is
Caused by baking of ________________________ along the margin of an
________________________. ________________________is the main agent
Makes________________________grade metamorphic rocks such as
________________________, ________________________, and
________________________. ________________________ or
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(________________________) metamorphism is caused by _______________________
from tectonic forces and confining pressure. It covers large _______________________,
and creates high ________________________ metamorphic rocks such _____________
and _________________.
Slide 44:
________________________ metamorphism occurs around ____________________
at ________________________ depths (0-6km). It occurs under
________________________ pressure and is generally ________________________ in
nature.
Slide 45:
________________________ is the degree to Which the Rock Has Changed
Composition. For low grade metamorphism you Can Often See Original
________________________ or layers, and you Can Sometimes Even See Deformed
________________________.
At High ________________________, Rocks Can Often Lose All Trace of Their
Original ________________________.
Slide 46:
Dynamic metamorphism is also called ________________________, because it covers
________________________ areas. It occurs at great depth
________________________, sometimes ________________________. It requires
great amounts of ________________________, and is usually accompanied by
________________________.
Slide 47:
________________________ is when ions from external Sources (carried in by water)
are introduced during ________________________. New minerals are Formed from the
introduced ions, and some ________________________ are carried away from the
existing minerals. ________________________ is important in the placement
Of________________________ bodies associated with igneous
________________________.
Slide 48:
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Metasomatism is important in the placement of ore minerals. The country rock is
generally ________________________ rock (limestone or dolomite). _______________
rich in________________________ moves out from the _______________________.
________________________ occurs as metal ions are deposited from chemical reactions
in the limestone.
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