(1)- Fundamentals of Mass Transfer
Topics:
1. Introduction
2. Molecular Diffusion in gases, liquids and solids
3. The General Equation for Mass Transfer
4. Equimolar counter diffusion
5. Diffusion through stagnant component
6. Prediction of Diffusion Coefficient. Diffusion in dilute and concentrated
solutions .Fictian Diffusion and Knudsen Diffusion
7. Convective Mass Transfer, Various Forms of Mass Transfer Coefficient (K)
8. General Correlations for mass transfer and Models and theories for mass
transfer ( Film Theory , Penetration Theory and Surface Renewal Theory)
9. Interphase Mass Transfer. The Two Film Theory, The Overall Mass Transfer
Coefficient K and the individual coefficient k, the film resistance for each phase
and the controlling phase for mass transfer. Thermodynamic Equilibrium for gas
– liquid system
10. Mass Transfer Equipment
Useful References:
1. Geankoplis, C.J., “Transport Processes and Unit operations” Allyn & Bacon
Inc, Newton, Mass, 2003.
2. Coulson, J.M., Richardson, J.F., Backhurst, J.R and Harker, J.H.” Chemical
Engineering” vol.1, (Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer), 6th
Edition, Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K, 1999.
3. Treybal, R.E., “Mass Transfer Operations” 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, New
York.
4. Foust, A.S., et’ al, “Principles of Unit Operations, 2nd Edition, J.Wiley, New
York.
1
A more detailed syllabus:
1. Molecular Diffusion in gases, liquids and solids. The General Equation for
Mass Transfer, Equimolar counter-diffusion, Diffusion through stagnant
component. Prediction of Diffusion Coefficient. Diffusion in dilute and
concentrated solutions .Fictian Diffusion and Knudsen Diffusion. Diffusion
in catalysts and membranes.
2. Convective Mass Transfer, Various Forms of Mass Transfer Coefficient ( K )
and Dimensionless Groups ,Re, Sh and Sc. Numbers. General Correlations
for mass transfer , Models and theories for mass transfer ( Film Theory ,
Penetration Theory and Surface Renewal Theory)
3. Interphase Mass Transfer and Two Film Theory, The Overall Mass Transfer
Coefficient K and the individual coefficient k, the film resistance for each
phase and the controlling phase for mass transfer . Thermodynamic
Equilibrium for gas – liquid system.
4. Mass Transfer Equipment and Absorber Design. Operating line and
equilibrium curves and their applications in design.
Mass Transfer Experiments (The Lab Work) .Certain selected experiments like
Diffusivity Measurements, Pressure Drop and Flooding Phenomena for Two Phase
Flow in packed Columns, Cooling Tower Experiment and Tray Dryer for solids are
carried out.
2
1-Introduction:
The term mass transfer is used to denote the transference of a component in a
mixture from a region where its concentration is high to a region where the
concentration is lower. Natural tendency for mass to be transferred, minimizing
the concentration differences within the system.
The mass transfer process can take place in a gas or vapour or in a liquid, and it
can result from the random velocities of the molecules (molecular diffusion) or
from the circulating or eddy currents present in a turbulent fluid (eddy diffusion).
Molecular diffusion is a process resulting from a concentration gradient. In system
involving liquids or gases, however, it is very difficult to eliminate convection from
the overall mass-transfer process.
Mass transfer by convection involves the transport of material between a
boundary surface (such as solid or liquid surface) and a moving fluid or between
two relatively immiscible, moving fluids.
In processing, it is always necessary to separate a mixture into its
components and- in a physical process- differences in a particular property are
the basis for the separation process.
Fractional distillation depends on differences in volatility,
Gas absorption on differences in solubility of the gases
Liquid- liquid extraction is based on the selectivity of an immiscible liquid
solvent for one of the constituents.
