ASIAN REGIONALISM that integration is contribultory to the

economic development experienced by Asian

 Regionalism Countries.
-strengthened collective identity in a  Kuroda identified some factors which are
conglomerate of nations occupying occupying a influential in the growing integration at that
particular geographical area aiming at shared time.
goals;increase in economic exchanges in particular  Enhanced dialogue between citizens of various
area nations-This is facilitated by growing tourism
activities in the regions and consistent
ASIAN REGIONALISM multilateral meetings among leaders of
 There are many regions in the world where nation-states.
regionalism can be observed . Asia is among  Expanding intraregional trade and
these regions where regional cooperation are investments-This brings forth closer financial
emergent and becoming more influential. markets and interdependent economies.
 Specific trends which probably necessitate  Increased connectivity-This is facilitated by
regional cooperation in the Asia regional infrastructure projects as well as
Pacific,regions. Security challenges, ecological collaboration in delivering public goods.
breakdown ,demands for human resources  Kuroda noted that the “ market friendly,
,labor migration ,international terrorism, multitrack and multi speed approach of the
epidemics and drug trafficking are among Asian integration is beneficial for the Asian
issues in the world region because of the following reasons:
 Asia is the largest and most populated  Members can integrate based on their
continent in the [Link] is comprised of capacity the available opportunities.
distinct regions such as Central Asia, East  Its opens up collaboration and merging of
Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and smaller groups.
Western Asia.  It is responsive to business and open markets.
 There are various benefits perceived from
 COASTAL REGIONS Asian integration:
 Central Asia - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,  It harnesses the strengths of diverse
Tajikistan, Turkmesnistan, Uzbekistan economies.
 East Asia -China, Hongkong, Japan, Macau,  It provides platform for connecting financial
Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and markets ( reduced capital, shared risks)
Taiwan  It makes the economy more resilient to global
 South Asia - Afhanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, risks
India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the Maldives,  It pools resources.
Nepal  It creates regional mechanisms for safety
and security
 Asia has been the cradle of several ancient
civilization such as Chinese and Asian  APEC - Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
Civilization .It has been the home of  EAS - East Asian Summit
influential ,cultural, philosophical , and  APc - Asia Pacific community
religious movements. Hinduism ,Judaism,  EAC - East Asian Community
Christianity, Buddism Taoism and other  ASEAN - Association of Southeast Asian
oriental philosophies and religions originated Nations
from an Asian country and have been  APT - ASEAN Plus Three
proliferated around the globe.
 In contemporary world ,Asia has become an
economic force characterized by reduced
poverty and fast pace economic development (
Asian Development ,2008 ) Dynamics of Asian
Regionalism
 “Asia learned the hard way in 1998 that the
absence of regional cooperation çan cost an
economic misfortune .” -Sri Mulyanilndwati
( Minister of Finance ,Republic of Indonesia)
 In 2008,the Asian Development Bank
published a book on the emerging regionalism
in Asia.
 Haruhiko Kuroda, then president of ADB in
the foreword of this manuscript ,articulated
 [Link] - ASEAN Plus Three
 Integration
- established of formal processes toward ASEAN MEMBERS:
collaboration for shared economic and 1. Brunei
sociocultural goals 2. Cambodia
3. Indonesia
 When discussing about Asian Regionalism, one 4. Laos
cannot veer away from discussing the 5. Malaysia
evolution and dynamics of Association of 6. Myanmar
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In the 7. Philippines
early 1960s, there was already emerging 8. Singapore
organization among Philippines, Thailand, and 9. Thailand
the Republic of Malaya, it was called the 10. Vietnam
Association of Southeast Asia (ASA). It was
established in July 31,1961 by Thanat Khoman
(Thailand), Felixberto Serrano (Philippines)
 In 1963, another confederation was formed,
convened by then President Diosdado
Macapagal. This was referred to as
MAPHILINDO (Great Malayan
Confereration), involving Malaysia, Philippines,
and Indonesia which aimed to unite “Nations
of Malay Origins”. This did not last very long
and was terminated by Indonesia-Malaysia
Konfrontasi - the former’s policy arguing
against the formation of the Federation of
Malaysia (Weatherbee et al., 2005)
 Four years later, repre after, representatives
from Indonesia and Singapore with those
from ASA states, engaged in informal
discussions in a coastal resort in Bang Saen,
where they formulated the idea Southeast
Asian Corporation. In August 8, 1967, these
foreign ministers sat down in Bangkok,
Thailand and signed the ASEAN Declaration.
Also referred to as the Founding Fathers of
ASEAN, the five ministers present were
Adam Malik (Indonesia), Narciso Ramos
(Philippines), Tun Abdul Sarak (Malaysia) S.
Rajaratnam (Singapore) and Thanat Kjhoman
(Thailand).
 And Tunku, Abdul Rama (Malaya). While the
articulated goal of this regionalism process
was cultural and economic cooperation, there
were also political goals gleaned. Some
challenges were encountered from its
inception such as lack of confidence from
other Southeast Asian Nations, presumed
political goals, and the dissent from other
states because of their alignment with the
Western Bloc (Pollard, 1970)
 Cooperations in the Asian region remain to
exist, in principle, to serve goals of its
members. These cooperations areas follows:

[Link] - Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

[Link] - East Asian Summit
[Link] - Asia Pacific Summit
[Link] - Association of Southeast Asian
Nations
 process of globalization (cultural
differentialism)
A World of Ideas: The World of Culture  Another view is to look at global flows as a
creative process which yields combinations of
 ASEAN INTEGRATION global and local cultures when external inputs
 Integration as a pathway toward unification interact with internal inputs (cultural
in-various spheres - political, economical, and hybridization). Concept of scapes hints that
social. Some theories suggest that integration global flows bring forth unique cultural
is made possible by certain conditions such as realities everywhere. These global flows are:
increasing level of social interaction and [Link] (movement of people)
shared ideological patterns amidst a diverse [Link] (fluid and interlinked global
society experiencing fast-paced economic technology
growth (Hass, 1964) [Link] (movement of huge amount of
 In case of the ASEAN, integration can be money across nation-states)
arguably trace back to its establishment in [Link] (fast production and transfer
the 1960’s more formally in conceptualization of information)
of the ASEAN Vision 2020 in 1997. In this [Link] (movement of political images)
meeting, leaders reaffirmed their  Clashing and conflicting, cultures amidst
commitment to these global flows, integrate or
 To Bangkok Declaration (1967) and re- interpenetrate give birth to a hybridized
articulated the aspirations of the Kuala form that is unique from both its global and
Lumpur Declaration (1971). It is also where local origins - a process referred to
they called for a more consolidated effort to GLOCALIZATION.
forge an ASEAN Community.  Another way is to recognize that globalization
 AEC has the following characteristics: is making cultures across nation-states a
 Single market and production (free flow of little more similar and homogeneous (cultural
goods, services, investment, capital, and convergence) leading to a more isomorphic or
skilled labor: prioritizing food, agriculture and uniform culture.
forestry as integration sectors)
 Competive economic region (introduction of
fair competition policy, consumer protection,
intellectual property eights, infrastructure
development, taxation and e-commerce.
 Equitable conomic outcomes (developing small
and medium enterprises, initiative for ASEAN
integration)
 Integration into the global economy
(maintaining ASEAN centrality, participation
in a global supply works)
 One of the fuels, consequences and
manifestations of globalization is the flow of
culture from geographical area to another.
 Culture refers to human’s way of life - how we
present ourselves, what are the choices we
make and how, how we relate with one
another, how we pursue our aspirations
 This way of life manifests in tangible objects
ex…., infrastructure we build, the things we
create - referred as material culture. This
also show in tangible ideas that we hold dear-
beliefs, our traditions, our practices -
referred as non-material culture
 Cultural flows refer to dynamics of culture in
the age of globalization.
 Global cultural can be viewed in different
ways. One way to look at it is to recognize
that cultures are inherently and strongly
unique from one another are not significantly
affected by input from other cultures in the
Global Culture and Media

 Luie contended that unlike globalization which

is a quite complex, media is “a means of
conveying something”’ channel of
communicattion.
 Globalization can be captured in 5 distinct
eras:
1. Oral Communication
2. Script
3. Printing Press
4. Electronic Media
5. Digital Media
 Data have shown that in recent years, the
digital media has a phenomenon - with the
prevalent use of social network platforms
such as:
1. Facebook
2. Instagram
3. Snapchat
4. YouTube

MARRIAGE, COURTSHIP, 10 FACTS AND

CULTURE OF :
1. Brunei
2. Cambodia
3. Indonesia
4. Laos
5. Malaysia
6. Myanmar
7. Philippines
8. Singapore
9. Thailand
10. Vietnam
 diaspora ( when they were sent out from the
land of Isreal and scattered toward different
parts of the world).
GLOBALIZATION OF RELIGION  Today, the same journey is taken by people.
The age of diaspora in the contemporary
 There are more than 7 people , 5.8 billion ; times.
identify themselves as a religious  When a small group of shared identity
 Group reveals a 2010 study by Pew Research maintains their cultural practices as long as it
Center 2012, the same study revealed that aligns with larger society’s norms is referred
majority off these people are: to as CULTURAL PLURALISM
 Christians - 31.5%  RELIGION - a unified system of beliefs and
 Muslims - 23.2% practice related of faith, the sacred, higher
 Unaffiliated 18.3% moral values
 Hindus - 15.0%  SECULARIZATION - diminishing role of
 Buddhists - 7.1% religion in the society
 Other Religions - 0.8%  GLOCALIZATION OF RELIGION -
 Jews - 0.2% intermingling of universal and local religious
beliefs
 A unified system of beliefs and practices
relative to sacred things that is to say, things
set apart and forbidden; beliefs and practices RELIGIONS
which unite into one single moral community 1. Brunei
called church all those who adhere to them 2. Cambodia
 First religion is an observable phenomena 3. Indonesia
which can be studied objectively. 4. Laos
 Second, it is construed as an organized 5. Malaysia
and order 6. Myanmar
 Third, the sacredness of religious 7. Philippines
entities is collectively constructed in a 8. Singapore
social process toward a united “Moral 9. Thailand
Community” Field imparted this definition. 10. Vietnam
 People tend to have their own private and
personal views of what is religion-much more
like subjective meaning they associate with
religion.
 Some affiliate with a religion because of
affiliation motivation (to have positive social
interaction with people Van Capellen et al,
2017)
 Religion serves as an indicator of special
proximity and provides a platform for social
connection. Others affiliate with a religion as
a form of coping with stressful situations
would refer to as RELIGIOUS COPING,
provides some form of psychological shield
that enables to battle against the undesirable
outcomes of their life’s challenges.
 Those who relate with religion as a spiritual
experience - an outcome of the experience of
the mystical and some look at it as a
mechanism promoting self control and moral
behaviour.

 RELIGIOUS PLURALISM
 One of the consequences and promoters of
globalization is cultural diversity (the quality
of being diverse, unlikeness; different). As
people let ideas flow in and out our beliefs,
values, and traditions. We heard from old
religions that Jewish’s experience of exile or
GLOBALZATION OF TECHNOLOGY

 Technology
- a technique a process, or a material good
emerging from the use of science in addressing
human problems
 Technology diffusion
- flow of technologies across borders
 Technology refers to the application of
science; is something that comes forth from
using the systematic body of knowledge

Last lesson walang ppt si ma’am.