Lyceum-Northwestern University

Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Pangasinan

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGES

A Title Proposal
Presented to the
The College of Medical Laboratory Science

By

BERDULAGA, Jayzhel Nicole B.

Dr. Sergia S. Cacatian

I. Rationale and Background of the study

Green tea is widely used by people nowadays. Green tea is used for weight loss nowadays

because it has catechin flavonoid which is an antioxidant which helps boost metabolism.

This shows that green tea helps people burn fats and lose weight conveniently. It also

contains Caffeine, which is a well-known stimulant that has been found to aid fat burning

and improve exercise performance. The most important of these is the EGCG or known as

epigallocatechin gallate, is a substance that boost your metabolism. Although, it says that

one cup of green tea may raise your antioxidant levels, most studies have examined the

benefits of green tea extract which is a concentrated source of catechins. Green tea is one

of the healthiest beverages on the planet. It is loaded with antioxidants and various plant

compounds that may help and benefit your health. While the compounds in green tea can

increase levels of hormones that tell fat cells to break down fats. It releases fat into the

bloodstream and makes it available as energy.

One study showed that those who consumed green tea and caffeine lost an average of 2.9

pounds during a 12-week period, while sticking to their regular diet. Another study

suggested l, is the increase in calorie output is equal to about 100 calories over a 24-hour

period.

Therefore, this study is aimed to assess the knowledge, and awareness of green tea for

weight loss among female Tourism students in Lyceum-Northwestern University.

This study is to assess 50 female Tourism Students in Lyceum-Northwestern University

about their awareness and current knowledge about green tea and if they agree with it.
I. Theoretical/Conceptual framework

For many years now, several benefits are attributed from drinking green tea. Scientists

have tirelessly investigated on the weight loss benefits of green tea. They have found that

it can actually enhance the total amount of energy spent by the body. From their findings,

they were able to deduce that green tea has great potential for a weight loss benefit.

Today, researchers have come up with newer proofs to solidify the belief that it can be

used as a treatment for obesity and for weight loss. It is held that more than half of the

American population have weight problems or are obese. Conditions like these are almost

always linked to certain complications like heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, sleep

apnea, gall bladder disease, and hypertension. Weight loss can aid in assuaging the

symptoms of some of these conditions.

Polyphenols, or flavonoids, are likely a key component to what makes tea a healthful

drink. These chemical compounds act as antioxidants, which control the damaging effects

of free radicals in the body. Free radicals can alter DNA by stealing its electrons, and this

mutated DNA can increase LDL cholesterol or alter cell membrane traffic—both harmful

to our health. Though green tea is often believed to be richer in polyphenols than black or

oolong (red) teas, studies show that—with the exception of decaffeinated tea—all plain

teas have about the same levels of these chemicals, albeit in different proportions. Green

tea is richest in epigallocatechin-3 gallate whereas black tea is richest in theaflavins;

research has shown that both can exert health benefits. Herbal teas contain polyphenols as

well but will vary highly depending on its plant origin.

Indeed, one reason for conflicting results in observational studies may be the wide

variations in tea types with varying flavonoid content. Where the tea leaves are grown, the

specific blend of tea leaves, type of processing, and addition of ingredients such as milk,

honey, and lemon can alter specific flavonoid content. How accurately people report their

tea intake (e.g., type, amount, brew strength) and their overall diet (e.g., do they eat other
foods rich in flavonoids?) are other factors that need to be clarified as they can affect

study results.

A number of studies have observed positive effects of GTE on fat metabolism at rest and

during exercise, following both shorter and longer term intake. However, overall, the

literature is inconclusive. The fact that not all studies observed effects may be related to

differences in study designs, GTE bioavailability, and variation of the measurement (fat

oxidation). In addition, the precise mechanisms of GTE in the human body that increase

fat oxidation are unclear. The often-cited in vitro catechol-O-methyltransferase

mechanism is used to explain the changes in substrate metabolism with little in vivo

evidence to support it. Also, changes in expression of fat metabolism genes with longer

term GTE intake have been implicated at rest and with exercise training, including the

upregulation of fat metabolism enzyme gene expression in the skeletal muscle and

downregulation of adipogenic genes in the liver

A number of small but respectable clinical trials have found that overweight people who

had green tea—either in drinkable form or in extract form—lost more weight than people

who didn’t have any. Science being science, there are also a few studies that showed no

benefit from green tea drinks or supplements. Overall, “I would say it may assist

modestly,” says Kristin Kirkpatrick, R.D.N., consultant for Integrative and Lifestyle

Medicine for the Cleveland Clinic.

In studies that found a weight-loss benefit in green tea, there was a “trend toward weight

loss” or tea drinkers lost “significantly” more. But it’s not usually a total transformation.

One small study conducted at Oklahoma State University, for instance, found that people

who drank green tea—and not even that much of it; only 4 cups a day—or took green tea

extract lost about 1.3 pounds more over 8 weeks than people who drank water. Some

studies suggest even decaf green tea may have a benefit.

 Age  Questionnaire Advantage and

III. Statement of the Problem

Main problem

This study aims to determine the advantages and disadvantages of green tea for weight

loss.

Sub problem

1. What are the active components of green tea for weight loss

2. Is there any bad effects in the body

IV. Hypotheses of the study

This research studies the association between awareness and knowledge about the topic of

advantages and disadvantages of green tea for weight loss among the students of Lyceum-

Northwestern University.

The student’s age does not affect the perception towards advantage and disadvantage of

green tea for weight loss.

The difference between male and female students of tourism students has an effect about

the consciousness of their body.

V. Assumption of the study

The research study is anchored on the assumption that the respondents are honest and

objective towards expressing their knowledge about the green tea for weight loss that will

be used as this research’s basis for the proposed enhancement measures. Moreover the
 assessments based on the questionnaires by the respondents are reliable bases in

measuring the respondent’s awareness and knowledge about the advantage and

disadvantage of green tea for weight loss.

VI. Significance of the study

- Green tea, native to China and India, has been consumed and hailed for its health

benefits for centuries globally, but has only recently gained popularity in the United

States.Tea is the most consumed beverage in the world behind water. However, 78

percent of the tea consumed worldwide is black and only about 20 percent is green

- All types of tea, except herbal tea, are brewed from the dried leaves of the Camellia

sinensis bush. The level of oxidation of the leaves determines the type of tea. Green

tea is made from unoxidized leaves and is one of the less processed types of tea.

Therefore contains the most antioxidants and beneficial polyphenols.Also, recent

studies have shown green tea can potentially have positive effects on everything

from weight loss to liver disorders, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimers disease.

- Drinking green tea may even help you lose weight. The caffeine and catechins it

contains have been shown to boost your metabolism and increase fat burning (9, 10).

Overall, studies indicate that consuming green tea can help you burn an additional

75–100 calories per day

The conduct of this research is to study the knowledge and attitudes among students

toward the idea of green tea for weight loss; it is significant not only to the researchers but

also contributes for the benefits of the following:

To the students: This will serve as a background for the students about green tea and how

they will use this for weight loss and health benefits that will be discussed in this research.
 To the Future Researchers: This research will serve as a reference for future researchers

who are planning to conduct research similar to the study. They may acquire related

information and idea on how to make a research related to weight loss using green tea.

VII. Scope and delimitation of the study

- The main intent of this study is to know how conscious does the Tourism students of

Lyceum-Northwestern University in their bodies nowadays.

- This study will investigate the awareness of the students about green tea for weight

loss. And to assess their knowledge about the benefits of green tea.

- This study is also to determine who among the Tourism students are aware of the

green tea for weight loss.

- This study is to assess 50 female Tourism students of Lyceum-Northwestern

University. It is randomly picked from 3rd year up to 4th year students.

VIII. Definition of terms

GREEN TEA - tea made from unfermented leaves that is pale in color and slightly bitter

in flavor, produced mainly in China and Japan

ADVANTAGE - a condition or circumstance that puts one in a favorable or superior

position.

DISADVANTAGE - an unfavorable circumstance or condition that reduces the chances

of success or effectiveness.

CAFFEINE - a natural stimulant most commonly found in tea, coffee, and cacao plants.

EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE - is the ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid,

and is a type of catechin. It is the most abundant catechin in tea.

CAMELLIA SINENSIS - is a species of evergreen shrubs or small trees in the flowering

plant family Theaceae whose leaves and leaf buds are used to produce tea.
CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

I. INTRODUCTIOM

This chapter includes a brief history of green tea, how they work in weight loss and what

kinds of grren tea are there here in the Philippines and abroad, and what benefits does it

have, as well as its side effects. This chapter, will be focusing on literatures that we have

found that may help us relate to our study. Both the local and the foreign literatures would

be helpful for us to know about the difference between all of the green tea and on how it is

really helpful on weight loss. In this study, we will also know if a lot of people prefers to

drink green tea.

II. HISTORY

Green tea is a popular ingredient in weight loss supplements since it is able to increase the

metabolic resting rate and the release of noradrenaline (NA) determining brown adipose

tissue thermogenesis.

Green tea is sourced from Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (Theaceae), the same species

from which white, oolong, black and pu-erh teas are derived. The various tea types are

classified on the basis of their processing, and the associated oxidation and fermentation

levels which influence taste and aroma profiles. Green tea is a minimally oxidized and

non-fermented tea. Catechin polyphenols are the primary compounds responsible for the

claimed health benefits of green tea, including its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory

properties. Caffeine contributes to green tea’s stimulant properties, while the amino acid

theanine contributes to its relaxing properties. Significant variation of catechin and

caffeine content occurs between green tea types depending on environmental growth

conditions and processing.

teas are sourced from the assamica variety. China is the center of origin of green tea

production. Today, green tea is produced in over 20 countries in tropical, sub-tropical and

temperate regions. It is the most widely consumed beverage after water, due to its health,

sensory, stimulant, relaxing and cultural properties. The quality of green tea is impacted

by numerous factors involved in cultivation, harvest, processing, storage and preparation

that influence chemistry, taste, aroma, morphology and bioactivity of tea leaves.

During the Tang Dynasty, there was a groundbreaking book written about the art of green

tea drinking called the “The Classic of Tea” or “Cha Jing” by Lu Yu. It is considered one

of the most important books of its time because it was one of the first all-inclusive

explorations of green tea culture as a whole. It was also during this time that the formal tea

ceremony came into being; a ritual, in part due to the tools necessary for preparation,

accessible only to the wealthy elite. Because of this, green tea consumption became a

symbol of status in society.

III. GREEN TEA TODAY

Green tea has been associated with several health benefits, including weight loss, due to

its rich nutritional and antioxidant makeup. While it has recently gained popularity in the

West, green tea has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat numerous

conditions from headaches to wound-healing.

More recently, green tea has been linked to weight loss. This article will look at the

evidence behind this claim, as well as the most effective methods of consuming green tea

to help with weight loss.

Green tea and weight loss

Green tea is thought to aid weight loss by boosting the body’s metabolism. The processes

that allow the body to convert food and drink into usable energy are collectively known as
 the metabolism. Green tea may be beneficial for weight loss by helping the body’s

metabolism to be more efficient.

Green tea contains caffeine and a type of flavonoid called catechin, which is an

antioxidant. Research suggests that both of these compounds can speed up metabolism.

Catechin can help to break down excess fat, while both catechin and caffeine can increase

the amount of energy the body uses.

A review published in 2010 found that green tea supplements, containing catechins or

caffeine, had a small but positive impact on weight loss and weight management.

A more recent review investigated the clinical use of green tea to stimulate weight loss in

people who were overweight or obese. While it found green tea to have a positive impact

on weight loss, the result was not significant, and the authors concluded that it was

unlikely to be of clinical importance.

There is a theoretical basis to the benefit of green tea for weight loss, and some empirical

evidence has been found to support these claims outside of clinical settings. However,

research studies in this area tend to use doses that contain a higher proportion of catechin

or caffeine than would be found in a typical cup of green tea. It is important to note that

any benefits of green tea for weight loss are likely to be very small. The impact of green

tea is not as beneficial as other healthy weight loss methods, such as exercise, that have far

greater metabolic benefits.

IV. FOREIGN STUDY

Since the 1990s, green tea is also seen as a natural herb that can enhance energy

expenditure and fat oxidation and thereby induce weight loss (WL).6, 7 The fact that an

EGCG–caffeine mixture stimulates energy expenditure cannot be completely attributed to

its caffeine content because the thermogenic effect of an EGCG–caffeine mixture is

greater than that of an equivalent amount of caffeine.8 Twenty-four hour studies showed a

significant increase in energy expenditure and fat oxidation.8, 9 From these short-term
 studies, studies over the longer term originated in which the effect from an EGCG–

caffeine mixture on WL was studied and soon studies concerning the effect on weight

maintenance (WM) followed.

Almost all of the studies conducted with Asian subjects have shown positive results about

the anti-obesity effects of catechins. On the other hand, studies with Caucasian subjects

reported mixed results.18, 19, 20 Moreover, the amount of regular caffeine intake may

also influence the effectiveness of catechins

Different outcomes of the effect of green tea on weight loss (WL) and weight maintenance

(WM) have been reported in studies with subjects differing in ethnicity and habitual

caffeine intake.

V. LOCAL STUDY

Green tea has become one of the most popular tea variants up to now because of its well-

known health benefits. There are lots of health benefits of green tea. This includes:

Green tea takes care of your heart

Researchers recommend a daily green tea serving to effectively reduce bad cholesterol

levels. Green tea contains EGCG or known as Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, it is an anti-

oxidant that prevents absorption of cholesterol in the large intestines.

Green tea helps reduce weight

Green tea also boosts metabolism and helps burn fat. It helps us reduce or maintain a

healthy weight. The compound polyphenol speeds up the fat burning process and

conversion of food into calories.

Green tea helps prevent skin from aging

Are you bothered with your wrinkles in your face? Don’t worry, just sip a cup of green

tea. This versatile tea type can also take care of skin aging problems like wrinkles.

Because it contains antioxidants that have anti-aging properties.

Green tea relaxes your mind and keeps your brain healthy
 A hot cup of green tea does not only keep our mind and body calm but it may also helps in

fighting off stress. L-theanine, an amino acid which is found in green tea, helps decrease

mental fatigue and boost memory. Researches also say that green tea helps you to focus

and maintain more accurate memory. On busy and toxic days, try to ease your mind and

sharpen your memory with a cup of green tea.

Green tea helps keep your gums and teeth healthy

Among regular green tea health benefits is its anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial

properties that can prevent tooth decay and cavities. Green tea can fight bacteria in our

mouth that causes bad breath. Cavity-free teeth and gums will ensure fresher breath and

better oral health.

CITE:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/green-tea

https://www.artoftea.com/blogs/tea-101/what-is-green-tea

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320540

https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo2009135

www.healthyoptions.com.ph › blog
CHAPTER 3

I. Research Design

This research will use Descriptive research which is a quantitative research method that

attempts to collect quantifiable information for statistical analysis of the population sample.

This is mainly because it is important to have a proper understanding of what a research

problem is about before investigating why it exists in the first place. In order to fulfill the

study, this research would use Questionnaire as Primary instrument in gathering data. The

questionnaire is utilized to collect accurate data and to minimize bias in formulating and

asking questions.

II. Sources of data

This study will be conducting a survey to 50 female students in Tourism department at

Lyceum-Northwestern University. The reason why we choose Tourism students is because

we expect that they are body conscious because of their course. We all know that Tourism

students should have a figured body which also a criteria in taking this course.

III. Instrumentation and Data Collection

The following instrument will be used to gather data for this research

Survey Questionnaire – the questionnaire will be used to assess the knowledge of students

about green tea for weight loss.

IV. Tools for data analysis