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Contents
Preface xiii
Guided Tour: Features and Supplements xix
Applications Index xxx
1 The Real Numbers
1.1
1
C h a p t e r
Sets 2
1.2 The Real Numbers 9
1.3 Operations on the Set of Real Numbers 19
1.4 Evaluating Expressions 30
1.5 Properties of the Real Numbers 40
1.6 Using the Properties 48
Chapter 1 Wrap-Up 56
• Summary 56
• Enriching Your Mathematical Word Power 58
• Review Exercises 59
• Chapter 1 Test 62
• Critical Thinking 64
2 Linear Equations and Inequalities
in One Variable
2.1
65
C h a p t e r
Linear Equations in One Variable 66
2.2 Formulas and Functions 78
2.3 Applications 89
2.4 Inequalities 102
2.5 Compound Inequalities 114
2.6 Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities 125
Chapter 2 Wrap-Up 135
• Summary 135
• Enriching Your Mathematical Word Power 137
• Review Exercises 137
• Chapter 2 Test 142
• Making Connections: A Review of Chapters 1–2 143
• Critical Thinking 144
vii
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3 Linear Equations and Inequalities
in Two Variables
3.1
145
C h a p t e r
Graphing Lines in the Coordinate Plane 146
3.2 Slope of a Line 158
3.3 Three Forms for the Equation of a Line 170
3.4 Linear Inequalities and Their Graphs 183
3.5 Functions and Relations 199
Chapter 3 Wrap-Up 211
• Summary 211
• Enriching Your Mathematical Word Power 214
• Review Exercises 215
• Chapter 3 Test 220
• Making Connections: A Review of Chapters 1–3 223
• Critical Thinking 224
4 Systems of Linear Equations
4.1
225
C h a p t e r
Solving Systems by Graphing and Substitution 226
4.2 The Addition Method 238
4.3 Systems of Linear Equations in Three Variables 247
4.4 Solving Linear Systems Using Matrices 255
4.5 Determinants and Cramer’s Rule 264
4.6 Linear Programming 275
Chapter 4 Wrap-Up 282
• Summary 282
• Enriching Your Mathematical Word Power 284
• Review Exercises 285
• Chapter 4 Test 288
• Making Connections: A Review of Chapters 1–4 289
• Critical Thinking 290
5 Exponents and Polynomials
5.1
291
C h a p t e r
Integral Exponents and Scientific Notation 292
5.2 The Power Rules 305
5.3 Polynomials and Polynomial Functions 314
5.4 Multiplying Binomials 323
5.5 Factoring Polynomials 331
5.6 Factoring ax2 bx c 341
5.7 Factoring Strategy 350
5.8 Solving Equations by Factoring 358
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Chapter 5 Wrap-Up 368
• Summary 368
• Enriching Your Mathematical Word Power 370
• Review Exercises 371
• Chapter 5 Test 374
• Making Connections: A Review of Chapters 1–5 375
• Critical Thinking 376
6 Rational Expressions and Functions
6.1
377
C h a p t e r
Properties of Rational Expressions and Functions 378
6.2 Multiplication and Division 388
6.3 Addition and Subtraction 396
6.4 Complex Fractions 407
6.5 Division of Polynomials 415
6.6 Solving Equations Involving Rational Expressions 425
6.7 Applications 433
Chapter 6 Wrap-Up 442
• Summary 442
• Enriching Your Mathematical Word Power 444
• Review Exercises 445
• Chapter 6 Test 449
• Making Connections: A Review of Chapters 1–6 451
• Critical Thinking 452
7 Radicals and Rational Exponents
7.1
453
C h a p t e r
Radicals 454
7.2 Rational Exponents 464
7.3 Adding, Subtracting, and Multiplying Radicals 475
7.4 Quotients, Powers, and Rationalizing Denominators 482
7.5 Solving Equations with Radicals and Exponents 491
7.6 Complex Numbers 502
Chapter 7 Wrap-Up 511
• Summary 511
• Enriching Your Mathematical Word Power 513
• Review Exercises 514
• Chapter 7 Test 518
• Making Connections: A Review of Chapters 1–7 519
• Critical Thinking 520
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8 Quadratic Equations, Functions,
and Inequalities
8.1
521
C h a p t e r
Factoring and Completing the Square 522
8.2 The Quadratic Formula 533
8.3 More on Quadratic Equations 543
8.4 Quadratic Functions and Their Graphs 552
8.5 Quadratic and Rational Inequalities 562
Chapter 8 Wrap-Up 576
• Summary 576
• Enriching Your Mathematical Word Power 577
• Review Exercises 578
• Chapter 8 Test 582
• Making Connections: A Review of Chapters 1–8 583
• Critical Thinking 584
9 Additional Function Topics
9.1
585
C h a p t e r
Graphs of Functions and Relations 586
9.2 Transformations of Graphs 598
9.3 Combining Functions 609
9.4 Inverse Functions 618
9.5 Variation 629
Chapter 9 Wrap-Up 637
• Summary 637
• Enriching Your Mathematical Word Power 639
• Review Exercises 640
• Chapter 9 Test 644
• Making Connections: A Review of Chapters 1–9 646
• Critical Thinking 648
10 Polynomial and Rational Functions
10.1
649
C h a p t e r
The Factor Theorem 650
10.2 Zeros of a Polynomial Function 655
10.3 The Theory of Equations 663
10.4 Graphs of Polynomial Functions 671
10.5 Graphs of Rational Functions 678
Chapter 10 Wrap-Up 690
• Summary 690
• Enriching Your Mathematical Word Power 692
• Review Exercises 692
• Chapter 10 Test 696
• Making Connections: A Review of Chapters 1–10 697
• Critical Thinking 698
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11C h a p t e r
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
11.1 Exponential Functions and Their Applications 700
699
11.2 Logarithmic Functions and Their Applications 712
11.3 Properties of Logarithms 722
11.4 Solving Equations and Applications 730
Chapter 11 Wrap-Up 740
• Summary 740
• Enriching Your Mathematical Word Power 741
• Review Exercises 741
• Chapter 11 Test 745
• Making Connections: A Review of Chapters 1–11 746
• Critical Thinking 748
12 Nonlinear Systems and the Conic Sections 749
C h a p t e r
12.1 Nonlinear Systems of Equations 750
12.2 The Parabola 759
12.3 The Circle 771
12.4 The Ellipse and Hyperbola 778
12.5 Second-Degree Inequalities 792
Chapter 12 Wrap-Up 798
• Summary 798
• Enriching Your Mathematical Word Power 801
• Review Exercises 802
• Chapter 12 Test 806
• Making Connections: A Review of Chapters 1–12 808
• Critical Thinking 810
13 Sequences and Series
13.1
811
C h a p t e r
Sequences 812
13.2 Series 819
13.3 Arithmetic Sequences and Series 823
13.4 Geometric Sequences and Series 829
13.5 Binomial Expansions 839
Chapter 13 Wrap-Up 845
• Summary 845
• Enriching Your Mathematical Word Power 846
• Review Exercises 847
• Chapter 13 Test 849
• Making Connections: A Review of Chapters 1–13 850
• Critical Thinking 852
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14 Counting and Probability
14.1
853
C h a p t e r
Counting and Permutations 854
14.2 Combinations 859
14.3 Probability 866
Chapter 14 Wrap-Up 875
• Summary 875
• Enriching Your Mathematical Word Power 876
• Review Exercises 877
• Chapter 14 Test 879
• Critical Thinking 880
Appendix A-1
A Geometry Review Exercises A-1
Answers to Selected Exercises A–3
Index I–1
