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1. The dissolution of water in octane (C8H18) is prevented by ___________.
a. London dispersion forces between octane molecules
b. hydrogen bonding between water molecules
c. dipole-dipole attraction between octane molecules
d. ion-dipole attraction between water and octane molecules
e. repulsion between like-charged water and octane molecules
2. Which combination cannot constitute a solution?
a. gaseous solvent, gaseous solute
b. gaseous solvent, solid solute
c. liquid solvent, gaseous solute
d. solid solvent, liquid solute
e. solid solvent, gaseous solute
3. Hydration is a specific example of the phenomenon known generally as
____________.
a. dissolution
b. disordering
c. solvation
d. condensation
e. dilution
4. The dissolution of gases in water is virtually always exothermic because
____________.
a. one of the endothermic steps of the three-step dissolution process is
unnecessary (separation of solute particles)
b. the exothermic step of the three-step dissolution process is
unnecessary
c. gases react exothermically with water
d. neither of the endothermic steps in the three-step dissolution
process is necessary
e. all three steps in the three-step dissolution process are exothermic
5. Spontaneous dissolution processes can be endothermic ____________.
a. if they are accompanied by another process that is exothermic
b. if they are accompanied by an increase in order
c. if they are accompanied by an increase in disorder
d. if the solvent is a gas and the solute is a solid
e. if the solvent is water and the solute is a gas
6. When argon is placed in a container of neon, the argon spontaneously
disperses throughout the neon because ______________.
a. large attractive forces between argon and neon atoms
b. hydrogen bonding
c. a decrease in energy occurs when the two mix
d. the dispersion of argon atoms produces an increase in disorder
e. solvent-solute interactions
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7. The phrase "like dissolves like" refers to the fact that ____________.
a. gases can only dissolve other gases
b. polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and nonpolar solvents dissolve
nonpolar solutes
c. solvents can only dissolve solutes of similar molar mass
d. condensed phases can only dissolve other condensed phases
e. polar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes and vice versa
8. A saturated solution _______________.
a. contains as much solvent as it can hold
b. contains no double bonds
c. contains dissolved solute in equilibrium with undissolved solid
d. will rapidly precipitate if a seed crystal is added
e. cannot be attained
9. Pairs of liquids that will mix in all proportions are called
___________________ liquids.
10. The principal reason for the extremely low solubility of NaCl in benzene
(C6H6) is the ________________.
a. great strength of solvent-solvent interactions
b. great strength of solute-solvent interactions
c. great strength of solute-solute interactions
d. great weakness of solute-solvent interactions
e. c and d
11. Which one of the following substances would be the most soluble in CCl4?
a. CH3CH2OH
b. H2O
c. NH3
d. C10H22
e. NaCl
12. The lowest value of the Henry's Law constant (kH) would be obtained with
________ as the solvent at a temperature of _______ K when the solute is
methane gas (CH4).
a. C5H12, 301
b. C6H6, 322
c. C6H6, 349
d. H2O, 301
e. H2O, 349
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13. Pressure has an appreciable effect on the solubility of _____________ in
liquids.
a. gases only
b. solids only
c. liquids only
d. all of the above
e. solids and liquids
14. The solubility of Ar in water at 25øC is 1.6 x 10-3 mol/L when the
pressure of the Ar above the solution is 1.0 atm. The solubility of Ar
at a pressure of 2.5 atm is ______________ mol/L.
a. 1.6 x 103
b. 6.4 x 10-4
c. 4.0 x 10-3
d. 7.5 x 10-2
e. 1.6 x 10-3
15. Which of the following choices has the compounds correctly arranged in
order of increasing solubility in water? (Least soluble to most
soluble.)
a. CCl4 < CHCl3 < NaNO3
b. CH3OH < CH4 < LiF
c. CH4 < NaNO3 < CHCl3
d. LiF < NaNO3 < CHCl3
e. CH3OH < CCl4 < CHCl3
16. Which component of air is the primary problem in a condition known as
the bends?
a. O2
b. CO2
c. He
d. N2
e. CO
17. A solution contains 28% phosphoric acid by mass. This means that
___________.
a. 1 mL of this solution contains 28 g of phosphoric acid
b. 1 L of this solution has a mass of 28 g
c. 100 g of this solution contains 28 g of phosphoric acid
d. 1 L of this solution contains 28 mL of phosphoric acid
e. the density of this solution is 2.8 g/mL
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18. A solution is prepared by dissolving 23.7 g of CaCl2 in 375 g of water.
The density of the resulting solution is 1.05 g/mL. The concentration
of CaCl2 (mass %) is _____________.
a. 5.94
b. 6.32
c. 0.0632
d. 0.0594
e. 6.24
19. The concentration of KBr in a solution prepared by dissolving 2.21 g of
KBr in 897 g of water is ______________ molal.
a. 2.46
b. 0.0167
c. 0.0207
d. 2.07 x 10-5
e. 0.0186
20. The concentration (molal) of lead nitrate in 0.726 M Pb(NO3)2 (density
1.202 g/mL) is
a. 0.476
b. 1.928
c. 0.755
d. 0.819
e. 0.650
21. A solution was prepared by dissolving 15.0 g of NH3 in 250 g of water.
The density of the resulting solution was 0.974 g/mL. The mole fraction
of NH3 in the solution is _____________.
a. 0.0640
b. 0.0597
c. 0.940
d. 0.922
e. 16.8
22. A solution was prepared by dissolving 23.7 g of CaCl2 in 375 g of water.
The density of the resulting solution was 1.05 g/mL. The concentration
of Cl- in this solution is __________ M.
a. 0.214
b. 0.562
c. 1.12
d. 1.20
e. 6.64 x 10-2
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23. What is the density (g/mL) of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride
that has a molar concentration of 2.22 M and is 11.0% sodium chloride by
mass?
a. 0.998
b. 1.20
c. 4.95
d. 1.18
e. 2.22
24. A 0.100 m solution of which one of the following solutes will have the
lowest vapor pressures?
a. KClO4
b. Ca(ClO4)2
c. Al(ClO4)3
d. sucrose
e. NaCl
25. The magnitudes of Kf and of Kb depend on the identity of the
_______________.
a. solute
b. solvent
c. solution
d. solvent and on temperature
e. solute and solvent
26. Adding solute to a solution decreases the ____________ of the solution.
a. freezing point
b. osmotic pressure
c. boiling point
d. vapor pressure
e. freezing point and vapor pressure
27. The vapor pressure of pure ethanol at 60øC is 349 torr. Raoult's Law
predicts that a solution prepared by dissolving 10.0 mmol naphthalene
(nonvolatile) in 90.0 mmol ethanol will have a vapor pressure of
__________ torr.
a. 34.9
b. 314
c. 600
d. 279
e. 69.8
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28. What is the freezing point (øC) of a solution prepared by dissolving
11.3 g of Ca(NO3)2 (formula weight = 164 g/mol) in 115 g of water? The
molal freezing point depression constant for water is 1.86 øC/m.
a. -3.34
b. -1.11
c. 3.34
d. 1.11
e. 0.00
29. After swimming in the ocean for several hours, swimmers noticed that
their fingers appeared to be very wrinkled. This is an indication that
seawater is ___ relative to the fluid in cells.
a. isotonic
b. hypertonic
c. hypotonic
d. none of these
e. supertonic
30. A 1.35 m aqueous solution of compound X had a boiling point of 101.4øC.
Which one of the following could be compound X? (The boiling point
elevation constant for water is 0.52 øC/m.)
a. CH3CH2OH
b. C6H12O6
c. Na3PO4
d. KCl
e. CaCl2
31. A solution containing 100 g unknown liquid and 900 g water has a
freezing point of -3.33øC. Given Kf = 1.86øC/m for water, the molecular
weight of the unknown liquid is _________ amu.
a. 69.0
b. 333
c. 619
d. 161
e. 62.1
32. A solution prepared by dissolving 0.60 g of nicotine (a nonelectrolyte)
in water to make 12 mL of solution has an osmotic pressure of 7.55 atm
at 25øC. The molecular weight of nicotine is ______ g/mol.
a. 28
b. 43
c. 50
d. 160
e. 0.60
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33. Which of the following aqueous solutions will have the highest boiling
point?
a. 0.10 m Na2SO4
b. 0.20 m glucose
c. 0.25 m sucrose
d. 0.10 m NaCl
e. 0.10 m SrSO4
34. Determine the freezing point (øC) of a 0.015 molal aqueous solution of
MgSO4. Assume i = 2.0 for MgSO4.
a. -0.056
b. -0.028
c. -0.17
d. -0.084
e. 0.000
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1. b
2. b
3. c
4. a
5. c
6. d
7. b
8. c
9. miscible
10. e
11. d
12. e
13. a
14. c
15. a
16. d
17. c
18. a
19. c
20. c
21. b
22. c
23. d
24. c
25. b
26. e
27. b
28. a
29. b
30. d
31. e
32. d
33. a
34. a
