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Metals and iron Metals -
Metals
Metals elements that conduct heat
are and
electricity and are malleable and ductile .
•
All metals → Solid (except )
mercury
•
Metals are
electropositive .
elements ( except
Metals the
hydrogen) which form ions
by losing electrons
•
are + ve .
•
Most abundant metal in Earth 's crust is Al .
Won Metals -
They do not condat heat and
electricity and are neither malleable nor ductile .
Out metals 90 9 ( bromine ) is
of 22 non solids
liquid whereas
remaining 99
•
are a are
gases
-
.
, ,
•
Non metals
-
are
electronegative .
is metal which loses electron
H
only
•
non -
Physical Profeta
Metals Mon Metals -
⑨They
i÷¥%
are malleable and ductile and ,
can be beaten ① Neither malleable nor ductile .
and drawn into thin sheets and wires .
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%"e%÷÷ :{ "
" """" """" "
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hit
③ They are lustrous and can be polished .
③ They are not lustrous .
④ They are hard ( except sodium and ⑨ They are
generally soft ( except diamond ) .
potassium) .
⑤ They Melting
diamond)
have
point ⑤ They low
high Melting and
Boiling have comparatively and
(except Sodium and Potassium) .
Boiling point (except .
⑥ They are sonorous . ⑥ They are non sonorous
-
.
Some other properties of Non Metals -
- -
⑨ They can be solid ,
liquids or
gases
at Room Temperature .
② They have low densities i.e .
they are
light substances .
③ Non Metals have different colours :
many
-
Sulphur -
Yellow
Phosphorus -
White Red (
Graphite -
Black etc .
Answered
⑨ i ) Mercury
ii) Sodium
) Copper
iii and Aluminium
iv) head
② Malleable means which is able to be hammered or
pressed into shape without
breaking or
cracking .
•
A metal that can be drawn out into a thin wire is called ductile .
Chemical Properties
L U
Reaction with Reaction with
oxygen water
metal +
Oxygen → Metal oxide Metal oxide + Water→ Metal hydroxide
⑨ Reactionofmetalw-hoyg.cn
Metal +
Oxygen → Metal Oxide
* When metal are burnt in air , they react with
oxygen
in air to form metal oxide .
in nature
-
Metal oxides turn red litmus blue and they are basic .
4 Na -102cg ,
→ 2 Naso
Sodium Oxide
G) metal Oxygen
Aluminium burns in air ,
to
form aluminium oxide .
GAL -1302 → 2A 1203
Amphoteric
-
Oxides
well behaviour known Amphoteric oxides
Oxides that show basic acidic are as .
as as
Aluminium them
Oxide is one
of .
Zinc also forms amphoteric oxides .
A- 1203+6 HCl →
211013+31120
Aluminium
chloride
( salt )
In this reaction ,
AKO, behaves as a basic oxide .
Ako, -12 NaOH → 2 Na Al 03 t H2O
Sodium
Aluminate
( salt )
•
there Alzoz ,
behaves as an acidic oxide .
② Reaction
- of metal with water :
-
*
When metal reacts with water (cold thot) the product formed are metal
hydroxide
and
hydrogen gas .
Metal oxide + Water → Metal hydroxide
•
When metal reacts with then products metal
a steam ,
are oxide and
hydrogen gas .
Metal Metal oxide
t Steam → +
Hydrogen
2 Kcs> + H2O → 2 KOH + Hz + Heat
water
•
The reaction is exothermic .
•
The reaction of calcium with water is less violent .
The heat evolved is not
sufficient for H to catch
fire
gas
.
( at 2h20 → Ca ( OH)zcaq, t
Hzcg,
Calcium bubbles
starts
floating because of of hydrogen gas
stick to
the surface metals
of .
• Metals like Al ,
Fe and 2n do not react with hot or cold water .
But they react with steam form metal [Also lead Gold
to oxide and
hydrogen
•
, , ,
Silver - > no reaction ]
③ Reaction-
of Metal
-
with Acids :
Metal t Dil Acid → Metal
.
+
Hydrogen
salt
*
Magnesium reacts quite rapidly with dil .
HCl acid
forming magnesium chloride and
hydrogen
gas
.
Mg -12 HCl →
Mg Ck -1 the
Magnesium Hydrogen
chloride
Aqua Regia
It is
freshly prepared
→
mixture 9 concentrated acid
of part of nitric and 3
parts of
concentrated hydrochloric acid .
Aqua regia can dissolve even
gold and
platinum metals but alone
they can 't do the same .
( atra II of a.at#uuIE ! )
④ Reaction of Metal with salt solution :
- -
Salt of metal B Metal A- → Salt solo At Metal B
Sol . +
of
•
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution .
Reaction with solution
of zinc
sulphate
•
copper .
( us Out In → Zinsou + Cu
copper Zinc
Sulphate Sulphate
Reactivity Series
Arrangement of metals in vertical column in order
of decreasing reactivities is
•
a
called REACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS .
→ Most reactive is placed at the top .
→
Least reactive is placed at the bottom .
1
Answers
-
⑦ Sodium is a
highly reactive element , that reacts with
oxygen
when comes in contact
with air and burns .
Therefore it immersed in kerosene
is
kept for prevention
•
.
,
② i) Iron with Steam : 3 Fees, -14 H2O → FezOut Hz
%) a) Calcium with water : Cao ,
-12 Hzoce, → Cacotebeaa ,
+
Hug ,
b) Potassium with water : 2Kes, -12 Hake, → 2KOHcaa.it Hug, + Heat
③ i) B -
It
gives displacement reaction with iron CID sulphate .
) Displacement
ii reaction will take place ,
blue colour
of copperCID sulphate solution will
fade and
will
red brown
-
deposit of copper form on B .
iii) B , A , c. D .
⑨ Hydrogen gas is
produced .
•
Feet HzS8u→feSOut Hz
⑤ When it is added in the solution the colour ,
of iron sulphate solution changes .
-
As
zinc is more reactive than iron
,
so it displaces iron from its solution and a
grey precipitate
of iron and a colourless zinc sulphate is
formed .
In + FeS0g→ 2nsOut Fe
flow do metals and non -
metals react ?
When metals
they form
metals react with ionic
•
non -
,
compounds and when non -
metal
reacts with metal
a non
they form covalent compounds
-
, .
Causes of Chemical
Bonding
An atom achieve the inert
gas electron
-
can in three
arrangement ways
:
)i by losing one or more electron .
) by gaining
ii one or more electron .
iii) by
sharing one or more electron .
Lts
→
An ion is
electrically charged atom
an .
Na → Nat t e
-
It is
formed by loss or gain of electrons by atom
•
an
( 2. 8,9) C 2,8 )
.
So it contains unequal number electrons
of protons
•
an or .
Sodium
1-
rely charged ion is known cation
•
as .
rely charged ion is known anion
•
as
-
Ex : If Sodium and chlorine were to react Cl te
-
→ Ce
-
( 2. 8,7) ( 2. 8. 8)
Chloride ion
at:c:*
"
.
→
mail.x.IE:] .
Formation of Sodium chloride
Ionic Compounds
→
Compounds having ionic bonds are known as Ionic bonds .
They are
formed by transfer of electrons
from one atom to another
•
Electrovalent Compounds
They also known as
•
are .
Paget of Eni Coined
⑨ Ionic compounds are
usually crystalline solids because the
oppositely charged ions
attracts one another
strongly and form a
regular crystal .
② Ionic compounds have and
boiling point
high melting .
③ Ionic but insoluble in solvent
compounds are
usually soluble in water
organic .
④ When we dissolve ionic solid in water or melt it ,
the
crystal structure is broken down
and ions become
free to move and to conduct
electricity .
Ionic Compounds
→
Compounds having ionic bonds are known as Ionic bonds .
They are
formed by transfer of electrons
from atom to another
•
one .
Electrovalent compounds
They also known as
•
are .
Paget often Coined
⑨ Ionic compounds are
usually crystalline solids because the
oppositely charged ions
attracts one another
strongly and form a
regular crystal .
② Ionic compounds have and
boiling point
high melting .
③ Ionic but insoluble in solvent
compounds are
usually soluble in water
organic .
④ When we dissolve ionic solid in water or melt it ,
the
crystal structure is broken down
and ions become
free to move and to conduct
electricity .
I Mark Questions
3 Marks Questions
Calcium ( 20) -
2,8 , 8,2 Oxygen (8) -
2,6
"
( ca ) :L:O! :]
"
→
ca :
2 2
5 Marks Questions
