Republic of the Philippines

Cagayan State University

www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

Lesson 7- Contemporary Issues in Sport and Exercise Psychology

Introduction
What is Sport Psychology?
Sport psychology is a proficiency that
uses psychological knowledge and skills to address optimal
performance and well-being of athletes, developmental and social
aspects of sports participation, and systemic issues associated
with sports settings and organizations.

Sports psychology is the study of how psychological factors influence

sports, athletic performance, exercise, and physical activity. Sports
psychologists investigate how participating in sports can improve
health and well being. They also help athletes utilize psychology to
improve their sports performance and mental well-being.
Learning objectives
At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:
1. To understand how psychological factors affect in
individual’s performance
2. To understand how participation in sport and exercise
affects one’s psychological development, health, and well-
being.
Discussion
What Sport and Exercise Psychologists Do?
 Research role
 Teaching role
 Consulting role
 Policy Making / advocating role

Global Sport Psychology Specialties

1. Clinical Sport Psychology

1| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

 Have training in PSYCHOLOGY to learn about diagnose and
treat emotional disorders

 Licensed by state boards to treat clinical conditions

 Have additional training in sports & exercise sciences

2. Educational Sport Psychology

 Extensive training in sport sciences – have large background

in psychology

 Serves as mental coach / mental trainer – works through

individual/group sessions and teaches the development of
psychological skills.

Sport and Exercise Psychology Orientations

1. Psychophysiological Orientation

 Best way to study behavior during sport / exercise is by

examining physiological processes in the brain; brain-body
connections

 EX: using biofeedback to train biathletes to shoot between

heartbeats; examining changes in serotonin as explanation for
psychological benefit of exercise.

2| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

2. Social Psychological Orientation

 Assumption is behavior is determined by interchange between

person and their environment

 EX: How does leader behavior influence team cohesion; Are

people with high SPA more comfortable in same-gender
exercise settings?

3. Cognitive-Behavioral Orientation:

 Emphasis is on athlete’s / exercisers thoughts and behaviors

 EX: Is there a self-fulfilling prophecy linking self-talk and batting

slumps?

Main Organizations involved in Sport and Exercise Psychology:

3| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

 International Society of Sport Psychology (ISSP)

 www.issponline.org

 North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical

Activity (NASPSPA)

 www.naspspa.org

 The Sport Psychology Academy (SPA)

 www.aahperd.org

 Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology

(AAASP)

 www.aaasponline.org

 American Psychological Association Div. 47 (APA, Div. 47)

 www.psyc.unt.edu/apadiv47

 American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)

 www.acsm.org

 The United States Olympic Committee (USOC)

 www.usoc.org

Membership Comparisons of AAASP and NASPSPA:

4| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

Applied Sport Psychology: Sport Psychology and It’s Growing

Pains:

 Concerned with extending theory/research to educate coaches,

athletes, and parents regarding goals for facilitating optimal sport
involvement and performance,

 Usually involves individual/group consulting and counseling

 Many specific concepts (goal setting, imagery, concentration,

relaxation, imagery) BUT

 General goal is teaching athletes mental skills necessary

to perform consistently and realize their potential as
people and athletes.

Focal Areas of Applied Sport Psychology:

1. Performance enhancement / intervention

2. Social Psychology

3. Health and Exercise

1. Performance Enhancement / Intervention:

5| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

 Focus is on performance improvements in any achievement setting

 Also concerned with effects of interventions on well-being of sport /

exercise participants

 Examples:

 Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) with athletes

 Attentional Training effectiveness

 Flow experiences in sport

2. Social Psychology Emphasis

 Uses theory / research to focus on group processes in sport &

exercise settings

 Social factors are examined as they relate to athletes, coach, team,

and spectators

 Examples of special interests:

 Achievement motivation (Achievement Goal Theory)

 Moral development through sport

 Peer relationships in physical activity and sport

 Youth sports (The reverse-dependency trap)

6| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

 Social Physique Anxiety in Sport and Exercise Settings (A
problem at both ends of the spectrum)

3. Health and Exercise:

 Focuses on role of psych. Factors in exercise; as they pertain to

resistance to disease development & remediation, coping with
stress, and health promotion

 Primary interest is link between mental and physical health.

 Examples of special interest areas:

 Problem-focused vs. emotion focused coping and health

 Hardiness and disease risk (Control, Challenge, Commitment)

 Exercise and Psychoneuroimmunology

 Psychological benefits of exercise

7| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

Major Splits in Recent Years within the Field:

8| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

Why the Need for Exercise Psychology?

9| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

Behaviors are easier to maintain in environments that are supportive of
that behavior- for better or worse.

Sample Interest Areas within Exercise Psychology:

1. Designing exercise programs to maximize psych. Benefits

2. Exercise addictions

3. Exercise adoption, maintenance, and adherence

4. Exercise as a stress management technique

5. Gender / Sex-role influences on exercise

6. Overuse injuries in exercise settings

7. The runners/exercisers’ high

8. Psychotherapeutic influences of exercise for depression

9. Psychological benefits for specific populations

TheCertificationIssue:AAASP
Required Coursework for becoming an AAASP certified consultant

10| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

Achievement Goal Theory:

3 major factors in determining the motivation levels of children in youth

sport settings:

1. Goal Orientation

 Task-orientation – success is defined as self-referent

improvement

 Ego-orientation – success is defined by social comparison and

out-doing others

2. Motivational Climate

11| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

 Mastery climate – focus is on learning, effort, cooperative
strategies, and skill development

 Performance climate – competitive, beating teammates,

demonstrating superiority over others

3. Perceived ability

 High – greater competence

 Low – less competence

Enrichment activities
Name:______________________________________________Date:______________
Year and section: _______________________________ Score: ______________

Enumeration: provide what is ask

Focal Areas of Applied Sport Psychology:

1. ___________

2. ___________

3. ___________

Sample Interest Areas within Exercise Psychology:

4. ___________
5. ___________
6. ___________
7. ___________
8. ___________
9. ___________
10. ___________
11. ___________
12. ___________
Self-Assessment Question
1. Explain sports psychology

12| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
______________________

2. Explain health psychology

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________

3. Explain exercise psychology

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
13| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________

Note: Enrichment activity and self assessment question, Follow this

outline write the questions and answer in a short bond paper write
eligibly deduction in score if not. Take a clear photo of it and submit it
to me!

References:

1. William Russell, PhD, Dept. of HPER (2010).Contemporary Issues in

Sport and Exercise Psychology, Missouri Western State University.

14| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus