Mathematics 7

Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 12
Solving Problems Involving Measures
of Central Tendency of Ungrouped and
Grouped Data
Mathematics – Grade 7
Quarter 4 – Module 12: Solving Problems Involving Measures of Central
Tendency of Ungrouped and Grouped Data
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Ma. Flor A. Pornela
Editor: Ma. Victoria L. Peñalosa
Reviewer: Ma. Cynthia P. Badana
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta, EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS /ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larangan)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Mathematics 7
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 12
Solving Problems Involving Measures
of Central Tendency of Ungrouped
and Grouped Data
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 7 Self–Learning Module on Solving

Problems Involving Measures of Central Tendency of Ungrouped and Grouped data!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators both from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by
its Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the self-learning module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 7 Self–Learning Module on Solving

Problems Involving Measures of Central Tendency of Ungrouped and Grouped data!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATION

1. Solve problems involving mean, median and mode of ungrouped and

grouped data.

PRETEST

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Vic’s scores in three unit tests are 92, 87 and 88. What must his score be on the
fourth test to get an average of 90?
A. 90 B. 91 C. 92 D. 93

2. What is the median score of 50 students if 10 of them got 23, 3 got 25, 6 of them
got 28, another 6 got 30, 12 got 33, and the rest got 35?
A. 35 B. 33 C. 28 D. 25

3. If the heights in centimeters of a group of students are 180, 180, 173, 170 and
167, what is the mean height of these students?
A. 170 B. 173 C. 174 D. 180

4. A group of 13 real estate were asked how many houses they had sold in the past
month. Find the mode.
Number of F
houses sold
0 2
1 5
2 6
Total 13

A. 0 B. 2 C. 6 D. 13

5. A friend of yours has 20 minutes to get to her after-school job. Despite her best
efforts, she is frequently late and has been tracking how long it takes (in minutes) to
get there. Determine the median. Her recorded times are as follows: {18, 20, 22, 27,
16, 23, 25, 26, 19, 28}.

A. 21 B. 22.5 C. 23 D. 25
 RECAP
Direction: Answer the following questions briefly.
1. What are the 3 measures of central tendency?
2. How do you find for the mean of grouped data?
3. How do you find the cumulative frequency of the median of a grouped data?
4. What is the first step in getting the mode of grouped data?

LESSON

Measures of central tendency are measures of location within a distribution.

They summarize, in a single value, the one score that best describes the centrality of
the data. Of course, there are lots of scores in any data set. Nevertheless, one score
is most representative of the entire set of scores. That’s the measure of central
tendency.

Word Problems Involving Mean, Median and Mode of Ungrouped data

Mean of Ungrouped data

The mean is the most popular among the measures of central tendency for it
is widely used. It is commonly called the average of a set of n numbers and it is the
sum of all numbers divided by n.
The formulas for the computation of the mean are as follows:
Formula
∑𝑥
𝑥̅ = where ∑𝑥 = the summation of x (sum of the
𝑁
measures)
N = number of values of x.

Example:
Feb’s grades in Math for the first 3 quarters are 96, 100 and 98. If he aims
to get a final grade point average of 98 in Math, what must his grade be for the last
quarter?

Solution: Feb aspires to have an average (i.e mean) of 98. Let Q4 be Feb’s grade
for the fourth quarter. Then,

Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4
= 98
𝑁
96 +100 + 98 + Q4
= 98
4
Thus, 96 + 100 + 98 + Q4= 98 · 4
294 + Q4 = 392
Q4 = 392 – 294
Q4 = 98
 Hence, Feb must get a grade of 98 in the fourth quarter.

Median of Ungrouped data

The median is the middle score for a set of data that has been arranged in
order of magnitude (list after the scores are arranged in decreasing or increasing
𝑁+1 th
order). It is the value of the ( ) item or position.
2

Example:
The library logbook shows that 58, 60, 54, 35 and 97 books, respectively,
were borrowed from Monday to Friday last week. Find the median.

Solution:
Arrange the data in ascending order
35, 54, 58, 60, 97

N=5
𝑁 + 1 th
𝑥̃ = ( ) score
2
5 + 1 th
𝑥̃ = ( ) score
2
6 th
𝑥̃ = ( ) score
2
𝑥̃ = 3rd score
𝑥̃ = 58
Since 5 is an odd number, simply get the middle score, so the median is 58.

Mode of Ungrouped data

The mode is the measure or value which occurs most frequently in a set of
data. It is the value with the greatest frequency. The word modal is often used when
referring to the mode of a data set. If a data set has only one value that occurs most
often, the set is called unimodal. A data set that has two values that occur with the
same greatest frequency is referred to as bimodal. When a set of data has more than
two values that occur with the same greatest frequency, the set is called multimodal.

Example:
The ages of 20 students in a group are summarized in the table below. Find
the mode of age.

Age 12 13 14 15 16
Number of students 2 10 5 1 2

Solution:
𝑥̂ = 13
Thus, the mode of age is 13 since 10 students are 13 – year old.
Word Problems Involving Mean, Median and Mode of Grouped data

Mean of Grouped data

When the number of items in a set of data is too big, items are grouped for
convenience. To find the mean of grouped data using class marks, the following
formula can be used:

∑𝑓𝑋𝑚
𝑥̅ =
𝑁
where 𝑥̅ = mean
𝑓 = frequency
𝑋𝑚 = class mark (average of lower interval and upper interval)
∑𝑓𝑋𝑚 = sum of the product of frequencies and classmarks
N = total frequency

Example:
The number of days that students were missing from school due to sickness
in one year was recorded. Estimate the mean.

Number of days of sick 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25

Frequency 12 11 10 4 3

Solution:
The estimate is made by assuming that all the values in a class interval are
equal to the class mark of the class interval.

Class Interval Frequency(f) Class fXm

Mark(Xm)
21-25 3 23 69
16-20 4 18 72
11-15 10 13 130
6-10 11 8 88
1-5 12 3 36
N = 40 ∑𝑓𝑋𝑚 = 395
∑𝑓𝑋𝑚
𝑥̅ =
𝑁
395
𝑥̅ =
40
𝑥̅ = 9.875 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
Thus, the estimated mean of the number of days that students were missing
due to sickness is approximately equal to 9.875 days.

Median of Grouped data

The median is the middle value in a set of quantities. It separates an ordered
set of data into two equal parts. Half of the quantities is located above the median
and the other half is found below it, whenever the quantities are arranged according
to magnitude (from highest to lowest.)
In computing for the median of grouped data, the following formula is used:
𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑥̃ = 𝑋𝑙𝑏 + ( 2 )𝑖
𝑓𝑚

where 𝑥̃ = median
𝑋𝑙𝑏 = the lower boundary of true lower limit of the median class
N = total frequency
𝑐𝑓𝑏 = cumulative frequency before the median class
𝑓𝑚 = frequency of the median class
𝑖 = size of the class interval
Example :
Twenty autistic children in a communication therapy program are scored on
the number of times in a given session that they initiate eye contact or direct a
comment toward the primary caretaker. Find the estimated median number of
contacts. Here are their scores.

Scores Frequency(f)
7-8 2
5-6 4
3-4 8
1-2 6

Solution:
Compute the cumulative frequencies by adding the frequencies to the
cumulative frequencies.
Scores Frequency(f) Cumulative
Frequency(cf)
7-8 2 20
5-6 4 18
Median class 3-4 8 14
1-2 6 6
N=20

𝑁 20
th score = ( ) th score = 10th score
2 2

The class interval that contains the 10th score is 3-4.

𝑓𝑚 = 8
𝑋𝑙𝑏 = 2.5
𝑐𝑓𝑏 = 6
𝑖= 2
 𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑥̃ = 𝑋𝑙𝑏 + ( 2 )𝑖
𝑓𝑚
10−6
𝑥̃ = 2.5 + ( )2
8
𝑥̃ = 2.5 + (0.5)2
𝑥̃ = 2.5 + 1
𝑥̃ = 3.5
Thus, the estimated median number of contacts is 3.5

Mode of Grouped data

The mode of grouped data can be approximated using the following formula:
Δ1
𝑥̂ = 𝑋𝑙𝑏 + ( )𝑖
Δ1+ Δ2

where 𝑋𝑙𝑏 = lower boundary of the lower class

Δ1 = difference between the frequency of the interval containing the
mode and the frequency of the next lower interval
Δ2 = difference between the frequency of the interval containing the
mode and the frequency of the next higher class interval
i = size of the class interval

The modal class is the class with the highest frequency.

Example:
You grew fifty baby carrots using special soil. You dig them up and measure
their lengths (to the nearest mm) and group the results: Find the estimated mode.

Length (mm) Frequency(f)

185-189 3
180-184 6
Modal class 175-179 11
170-174 9
165-169 8
160-164 6
155-159 2
150-154 5
N = 50

Solution:
Get the modal class or the highest frequency.
Modal class: 175-179
Given:
𝑋𝑙𝑏 = 174.5
Δ1 = 11 – 9 = 2
Δ2 = 11 – 6 = 5
i =5
 Δ1
𝑥̂ = 𝑋𝑙𝑏 + ( )𝑖
Δ1+ Δ2

2
𝑥̂ = 174.5 + ( )5
2+5
2
𝑥̂ = 174.5 + ( )5
7
𝑥̂ = 174.5 + (0.29)5
𝑥̂ = 174.5 + 1.45
𝑥̂ = 175.95 mm
Thus, the estimated mode of the measure of carrots in length is 175.95 mm.

ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!
Direction: Read and analyze each problem carefully.

1. The mean height of a class of 28 students is 162 cm. A new student of height 149
cm joins the class. What is the mean height of the class now?

2. Adrian's mean score for four test matches is 64. He wants to increase his mean to
68 after the fifth test. What does he need to score in the fifth test match?

3. The mean of 6 numbers is 12.3. When an extra number is added, the mean
changes to 11.9. What is the extra number?

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP ON PRACTICING!

Direction: Read the problem carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Mr. Winters times the speed of his sprinters every Friday. This week he had
run from one school building to the next. His times in seconds were: 52.6, 61.3, 74.8,
78.2, 86.2, 48.7, 98.2, 78.2, 49.8 and 73.5.
a. What was the mean time? ______
b. What was the most frequent time (mode)? _____
c. What was the range of the time? _____

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Direction: Read and analyze the given problem below, and solve for the unknown
values.
A teacher notes the number of correct answers given by a class on a multiple-
choice test.

Correct answers 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50

Frequency 2 8 15 11 3
a. Estimate the mean.
b. Estimate the median.
c. What is the modal class?

WRAP-UP

Remember…
Mean is the most popular among the measures of central tendency for it is
widely used. It is often called average.

Median is the middle score for a set of data that has been arranged in order
of magnitude (list after the scores are arranged in decreasing or increasing order). It
𝑁+1 th
is the value of the ( ) item or position.
2

Mode is the number that occurs most frequently. If a data set has only one
value that occurs most often, the set is called unimodal. A data set that has two
values that occur with the same greatest frequency is referred to as bimodal. When
a set of data has more than two values that occur with the same greatest frequency,
the set is called multimodal.

Measures of central tendency of Ungrouped data

∑𝑥
Mean 𝑥̅ = where ∑𝑥 = the summation of x (sum of the measures)
𝑁
N = number of values of x.
𝑁 + 1 th
Median 𝑥̃ = ( ) score
2

Measures of central tendency of Grouped data

Mean
∑𝑓𝑋𝑚
𝑥̅ =
𝑁
where 𝑥̅ = mean
𝑓 = frequency
𝑋𝑚 = class mark (average of lower interval and upper interval)
∑𝑓𝑋𝑚 = sum of the product of frequencies and classmarks
N = total frequency

Median
𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑥̃ = 𝑋𝑙𝑏 + ( 2 )𝑖
𝑓𝑚

where 𝑥̃ = median
𝑋𝑙𝑏 = the lower boundary of true lower limit of the median class
N = total frequency
 𝑐𝑓𝑏 = cumulative frequency before the median class
𝑓𝑚 = frequency of the median class
𝑖 = size of the class interval
Mode
Δ1
𝑥̂ = 𝑋𝑙𝑏 + ( )𝑖
Δ1+ Δ2

where 𝑋𝑙𝑏 = lower boundary of the lower class

Δ1 = difference between the frequency of the interval containing the
mode and the frequency of the next lower class interval
Δ2 = difference between the frequency of the interval containing the
mode and the frequency of the next higher class interval
i = size of the class interval

VALUING
REFLECTION: (Journal Writing)
For some students, answering word problems is quite a hard one. For you, as
the learner, how do you feel about it? How do you deal with the word problems which
usually appear in your Math class? Please reflect on this question for at least 2-3
sentences and write your answers in your notebook.

POSTTEST
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Mrs. Jenkins’s job is to see if her company’s employees are being paid relatively
equally based on their responsibilities. She needs to review all employee records floor
by floor. The third floor manager, Larry, volunteers to go first. Mrs. Jenkins surveyed
the salaries of all the third floor staff and finds the following annual salaries: Php
35,000, Php 42,000, Php 36,000, Php 74,000, Php 38,000, Php 40,000, Php 39,000
What is mean salary of this floor?
A. Php 43, 428.57 C. Php 42, 428.57
B. Php 43, 008.57 D. Php 42, 228.57

2. Seven basketball players shoot 30 free throws during a practice session. The
numbers of baskets they make are listed below. What is the median number of
baskets made? 22, 23, 11, 18, 22, 20, 15
A. 11 B. 15 C. 18 D. 20

3. Nine people gave contributions in pesos 100, 200, 100, 300, 300, 200, 200,
150, 100, and 100 for a door prize. What is the median contribution?
 A. 100 B. 150 C. 175 D. 200

4. Margie has grades 86, 68 and 79 in her first three tests in Algebra. What
grade must she obtain on the fourth test to get an average of 78?
A. 76 B. 77 C. 78 D. 79

5. In a survey of 10 households, the number of children was found to be

4, 1, 5, 4, 3, 7, 2, 3, 4, 1. Find the mode.
A. 1 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

KEY TO CORRECTION

3. 9.5
2. 84
1. 161.55 C 5.
ACTIVITY 1 D 4.
C 3.
4. get the modal class D 2.
the cumulative frequency A 1.
3. by adding the frequencies to
𝑁 POSTTEST
2. using the formula 𝑥̅ =
∑𝑓𝑋𝑚
1. mean, median,mode

RECAP c. 21-30
b. 26.83
B 5. a. 26.78
B 4. ACTIVITY 3
C 3.
B 2.
D 1. c. 49.5 sec
b. 78.2 sec.
PRETEST a. 70.15 sec.
ACTIVITY 2
 References
Oronce, Orlando, and Marilyn Mendoza. E-MATH 7. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.,
2015.

Nivera, Gladys. Grade 7 Mathematics Patterns and Practicalities. Makati City:

Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Inc., 2014.

Mirabona, Isaac, and Sergio Custodio. Interactive Mathematics Grade 7. Manila:

Innovative Educational Materials Inc., 2013.

[Link]
ers_guide_10.pdf . (accessed July 22, 2020)