AK Student’s Collegiate
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY CLASS: IX
Chapter: 1 Introduction to Biology
Q1: Define the following terms.
Anatomy: (Gr: Ana = up, tome = to cut) deals with the internal structures or organs of an
organism. In plants it deals with the arrangement of different types of tissues in root, stem,
leaf etc.
Histology: (Gr: Histos = web or tissues) deals with the study of tissues of plants and
animals under a microscope.
Biogeography: Biogeography refers to the distribution of various species and ecosystems
geographically and throughout geological time and space.
Biometry or Biostatistics is a branch of mathematics where data and measurements
related to living organisms are dealt with. Without knowledge of mathematics and statistics
no biological research and data analysis is possible.
Immunology: It is the branch of biology that covers the study of immune systems in all
organisms.
Pharmacology: (Gr. Pharmakon, drug) The study about action of drugs.
Entomology: The study of insects is called entomology.
Surgery: It deals with repair, replacement or removal of the affected organ.
Animal husbandry: This profession is part of agriculture science. It deals with the care
and breeding of animals which are beneficial for man.
Bio-elements: Any chemical that is found in the molecules and compounds that make
up living an organism is called bio-element.
Q2: Distinguish the following in tabulated form.
Colonial Organization Multicellular Organization
A colony is made of individual A multicellular organism is made of
organisms living together and there is specialized cells living together that are
no cell specialization. needed for the survival of the organism.
The organism from this organization The organism from this organization
can survive on their own, if they can’t survive on their own, if they
separated. separated.
Volvox is an example of colonial Animals and plants are the examples of
organization. multicellular organization.
Chapter: 1 Introduction to Biology Page 1
AK Student’s Collegiate
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY CLASS: IX
Agriculture Horticulture
This deals with production of It deals with the production of flower,
varieties of crops, fruit, vegetables, fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, spices
dairy products, etc. and beverages.
Agriculture requires general Horticulture requires some controlled
conditions. conditions, special techniques and
equipments.
It deals with cultivation of crops and It deals with gardening of plants and
also animal farming. cultivation only.
Q3: Write short answers of the following questions.
i. Why subject biology is named as multidimensional subject?
Ans. Biology is named as multidimensional subject because it has a link with other sciences.
For example the movement of animals follows the law of motion in physics.
ii. How farming profession helps mankind?
Ans. In this profession, the development of different kinds of farms takes place, such as fish
farm, cattle farm, poultry farm, etc. New technologies are used for the production of animals
as source of meat and milk, leather, wool, etc.
iii. Why species is called as smallest taxonomic level?
Ans. The Species is considered as the smallest unit of taxonomic level of organization
because it includes morphologically similar living organisms which inter-breed and produce
fertile offspring.
iv. How population is different from community?
Ans. Community is different from population because population is a group of same species
whereas the community is the group of populations of different species lives in the same
area and interacts with each other.
Chapter: 1 Introduction to Biology Page 2
AK Student’s Collegiate
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY CLASS: IX
v. How new varieties of plant are produced?
Ans. The new plant varieties are produced by selection and hybridization. Selection is a non-
random process which leads to individuals of different genotypes being represented unequally
in their individual in later generations of a population of self propagating units. Hybridization is
the crossing of two varieties, species or genera having desired genes by bringing together the
useful characters of these into offspring. Both, these processes produce new plant varieties.
vi. Draw a labeled diagram of frog’s digestive system.
Ans.
Digestive System of Frog
Chapter: 1 Introduction to Biology Page 3
AK Student’s Collegiate
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY CLASS: IX
Q4: Write detailed answers of the following questions.
1. Describe the role of Muslim scientist in the field of Biology.
Ans. Contribution of Muslim Scientists:
The Muslim scientists have played great role in the development of biological science. They
began experiments and observations from the first Century of Hijra. Following are some
details about the important Muslim scientists, who made significant contribution towards the
development of biology.
a. Jabir Bin Hayan (722-817 A.D): He was born in Iran. He worked in the field of chemistry
but he also wrote a number of books on plants and animals. “Al-Nabatiat” and
“AlHaywan” are his two famous books on plants and animals, respectively.
b. Abdul Malik Asmai (741-828 A.D): He was great zoologist and wrote many books on
animals like “AlKheil” on horse, “Al-Ibil” on camels, “Al-Shat” on sheep, “Al-Wahoosh”
on wild animals and “Khalqul Insan” on the different parts of human body and their
functions.
c. Bu Ali Sina (980-1037 A.D): He was greatest of all the Muslim scientists and considered as
the founder of medicine. He is called as Avicenna in the west. He identified many diseases
like tuberculosis, meningitis and other such inflammations. He also worked in the field of
mathematics, astronomy, physics, paleontology and music. He wrote book like “Al-
Qanoon” and “Fil Tib Al-Shafa”.
2. Describe the relationship of Biology with other sciences.
Ans. Relationship of Biology with other Sciences:
Biochemistry is a complete branch of chemistry which requires firm knowledge of biology
and chemistry to explain the synthesis of bio-molecules, their requirements and the effect
caused by their deficiency.
Biophysics is a branch of physics where we apply laws and techniques of physics to explain
the metabolism of living organism. One of the sub-branch of biophysics is Radio-physics,
in which we study the use of sound waves as ultrasound and laser technology to show some
relationship of physics with biology.
Biogeography: Biogeography refers to the distribution of various species and ecosystems
geographically and throughout geological time and space.
Chapter: 1 Introduction to Biology Page 4
AK Student’s Collegiate
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY CLASS: IX
Biometry or Biostatistics is a branch of mathematics where data and measurements
related to living organisms are dealt with. Without knowledge of mathematics and statistics
no biological research and data analysis is possible.
Bio-economics deals with the economically important organisms involved in production,
e.g. meat production, etc. are calculated for cost value and profit value.
3. Describe the level of organization.
Ans. The Level of Organization:
The levels of organization in living world are based on chemical foundation. All the living
organisms are made up of cells and the protoplasm of cell is the physical as well as chemical
basis of life. These levels are as follows:
1. Atomic level of organization: All the matter is made up of elements, which is composed
of atom. Each atom is made up of sub-atomic particles, such as electrons, protons and
neutrons. In nature, there are more than 100 kinds of elements and among these 16
elements are called as bio-elements, which are vital for life. Only six elements such as C, H,
O, N, S and P are called basic elements of life.
2. Molecular level of organization: Molecules are formed by the binding of atoms. These
organic molecules of cells are called as bio-molecules. These are constructed in great variety
and complexity. They are classified as micro-molecules and macromolecules. Glucose,
amino acid and fatty acids are micro-molecules, where as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
are macro-molecules. The units of micro-molecules combine together to form macro-
molecules.
3. Cellular level of organization: The bio-molecules when work together in the form of
suspension, which is called Protoplasm. Protoplasm is the combination of organic and
specific inorganic substances. When protoplasm works in the form of a unit, this is called
Cell. Cell is the basic unit of living organisms. When similar type of cells organize together
in a group, called tissues. The different types of tissues arranged in a particular manner to
work together are called Organs. Organs of different types work in a co-ordinated manner
to perform a function are called Organ-system. When different organ-system functions in
co-ordination in as a unit, they form a body or Multicellular Organism.
4. Taxonomic level: There is another level of organization which is related with living
organisms. The Species is the smallest unit of taxonomic level of organization, which
includes morphologically similar living organisms which inter-breed and produce fertile
offspring.
Chapter: 1 Introduction to Biology Page 5
AK Student’s Collegiate
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY CLASS: IX
5. Population level: All the members of a species, living in specific habitat are called
Population. A group of parrots living on tree, is called parrot population.
6. Community level: The members of different species living in specific habitat are called as
Community. A group of different kind of birds, living on tree, is called as bird community.
7. Ecological system: Communities always depends upon their non-living environment in a
reciprocal interaction for their survival. For example oxygen for respiration is obtained
from environment and in turn given out CO. This 2 interaction is called Ecosystem or
Ecological system.
8. Biosphere level: The part of earth where life exists is called biosphere. It consists of
different kinds of eco systems.
Chapter: 1 Introduction to Biology Page 6
