Dr.

Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Chemicals found in Allium cepa

Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 1(F)-BETA-FRUCTOSYL- Bulb Bacon, J. S. D. 1959.

SUCROSE Trisaccharide Fraction of
Some Monocotyledons.
Biochem. J., 73: 507-514.
1 1-(METHYLSULFINYL)- Bulb --
PROPYL-METHYL-
DISULFIDE
0 1-(PROPYL-DITHIO)- Essential Oil Albrand, M., Dubois, P.,
PROPANE Etievant, P., Gelin, R.,
Tokarska, B. 1980.
Identification of a New
Volatile Compound in Onion
(Allium cepa) and Leek
(Allium porum): 3,4-dimethyl-
2,5-dioxo-2,5-
dihydrothiophene. J. Agric.
Food Chem., 28(5): 1037-
1038.
0 1-METHYLDITHIO- Essential Oil Albrand, M., Dubois, P.,
PROPANE Etievant, P., Gelin, R.,
Tokarska, B. 1980.
Identification of a New
Volatile Compound in Onion
(Allium cepa) and Leek
(Allium porum): 3,4-dimethyl-
2,5-dioxo-2,5-
dihydrothiophene. J. Agric.
Food Chem., 28(5): 1037-
1038.
0 1-METHYLTRITHIO- Essential Oil Albrand, M., Dubois, P.,
PROPANE Etievant, P., Gelin, R.,
Tokarska, B. 1980.
Identification of a New
Volatile Compound in Onion
(Allium cepa) and Leek
(Allium porum): 3,4-dimethyl-
2,5-dioxo-2,5-
dihydrothiophene. J. Agric.
Food Chem., 28(5): 1037-
1038.
0 1-O-CAFFEOYL-BETA-D- Leaf --
GLUCOSE
0 1-O-FERULOYL-BETA-D- Leaf --
GLUCOSE
0 1-O-P-COUMAROYL-BETA- Leaf --
D-GLUCOSE
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 1-PROPYLTRITHIO- Essential Oil Albrand, M., Dubois, P.,

PROPANE Etievant, P., Gelin, R.,
Tokarska, B. 1980.
Identification of a New
Volatile Compound in Onion
(Allium cepa) and Leek
(Allium porum): 3,4-dimethyl-
2,5-dioxo-2,5-
dihydrothiophene. J. Agric.
Food Chem., 28(5): 1037-
1038.
0 2,3-DIMETHYL-(DL)- Bulb Block, R., Bayer, T. 1990.
BUTANE-CIS-1-CIS- (z,z)-d-1,2,3-dimethyl-1,4-
DITHIAL-S,S'-DIOXIDE butanedithial-s,s'-dioxide: A
Novel Bilogically Active
Organosulfur Compound from
Onion. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,
112(11): 4584-4585.
0 2,3-DIMETHYL-5,6-DITHIA- Bulb --
BICYCLO(2,2,1)HEXANE-5-
OXIDE
0 2,3-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE Bulb Kimura, K., Nishimura, H.,
Kimura, I., Iwata, I., Mizutani,
J. 1984. Flavor Components
of Roasted Onion. I. Changes
in Flavor Components of
Onion by Roasting. Nippon
Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi,
37(4): 343-347.
0 2,4-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE Bulb Kimura, K., Nishimura, H.,
Kimura, I., Iwata, I., Mizutani,
J. 1984. Flavor Components
of Roasted Onion. I. Changes
in Flavor Components of
Onion by Roasting. Nippon
Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi,
37(4): 343-347.
0 2,4-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE Essential Oil Albrand, M., Dubois, P.,
Etievant, P., Gelin, R.,
Tokarska, B. 1980.
Identification of a New
Volatile Compound in Onion
(Allium cepa) and Leek
(Allium porum): 3,4-dimethyl-
2,5-dioxo-2,5-
dihydrothiophene. J. Agric.
Food Chem., 28(5): 1037-
1038.

2
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 2,5-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE Essential Oil Albrand, M., Dubois, P.,

Etievant, P., Gelin, R.,
Tokarska, B. 1980.
Identification of a New
Volatile Compound in Onion
(Allium cepa) and Leek
(Allium porum): 3,4-dimethyl-
2,5-dioxo-2,5-
dihydrothiophene. J. Agric.
Food Chem., 28(5): 1037-
1038.
0 2,5-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE Bulb --

0 2-METHYL-BUT-2-EN-1-AL Essential Oil Albrand, M., Dubois, P.,

Etievant, P., Gelin, R.,
Tokarska, B. 1980.
Identification of a New
Volatile Compound in Onion
(Allium cepa) and Leek
(Allium porum): 3,4-dimethyl-
2,5-dioxo-2,5-
dihydrothiophene. J. Agric.
Food Chem., 28(5): 1037-
1038.
0 2-METHYL-BUT-2-EN-1-AL Bulb Wilkens, W. F. 1962. The
Isolation and Identification of
the Lachrymogenic
Compound of Onion. Diss.
Abstr. Int. B, 22: 3978.
0 2-METHYL-BUTYR-2- Bulb Wilkens, W. F. 1964. Isolation
ALDEHYDE and Identification of the
Lachrymogenic Compound of
Onion. Cornell Univ., Agr.
Expt. Sta. Mem. No., 385: 31
pp.
0 2-METHYL-PENT-2-EN-1-AL Essential Oil Albrand, M., Dubois, P.,
Etievant, P., Gelin, R.,
Tokarska, B. 1980.
Identification of a New
Volatile Compound in Onion
(Allium cepa) and Leek
(Allium porum): 3,4-dimethyl-
2,5-dioxo-2,5-
dihydrothiophene. J. Agric.
Food Chem., 28(5): 1037-
1038.
0 2-PROPENYL-L-CYSTEINE- Bulb Thomas, D. J., Parkin, K. L.
SULFOXIDE 1994. Quantification of
Alk(en)yl-L-Cysteine
Sulfoxides and Related
Amino Acids in Alliums by
High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography. J. Agr.
Food Chem., 42(8): 1632-
1638.

3
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

5 24-METHYLENE- Bulb Itoh, T., Tamura, T.,

CYCLOARTANOL Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T.
1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.
Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.
0 24-METHYLENE- Bulb --
CYCLOARTENOL
0 28-ISOFUCOSTEROL Bulb Itoh, T., Tamura, T.,
Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T.
1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.
Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.
0 3,4-DIMETHYL-2,5-DIOXO- Bulb --
2,5-DIHYDROTHIOPHENE
0 3,4-DIMETHYL-2,5-DIOXO- Essential Oil Albrand, M., Dubois, P.,
2,5-DIHYDROTHIOPHENE Etievant, P., Gelin, R.,
Tokarska, B. 1980.
Identification of a New
Volatile Compound in Onion
(Allium cepa) and Leek
(Allium porum): 3,4-dimethyl-
2,5-dioxo-2,5-
dihydrothiophene. J. Agric.
Food Chem., 28(5): 1037-
1038.
0 3,4-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE Bulb Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of
Common Natural Ingredients
Used in Food, Drugs, and
Cosmetics, John Wiley &
Sons, New York, 1980.
0 3,4-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE Essential Oil Albrand, M., Dubois, P.,
Etievant, P., Gelin, R.,
Tokarska, B. 1980.
Identification of a New
Volatile Compound in Onion
(Allium cepa) and Leek
(Allium porum): 3,4-dimethyl-
2,5-dioxo-2,5-
dihydrothiophene. J. Agric.
Food Chem., 28(5): 1037-
1038.
0 31-NORCYCLOARTENOL Bulb Itoh, T., Tamura, T.,
Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T.
1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.
Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.
0 31-NORLANOSTENOL Bulb Itoh, T., Tamura, T.,
Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T.
1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.
Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.
0 4-ALPHA-METHYL- Bulb Itoh, T., Tamura, T.,
ZYMOSTENOL Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T.
1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.
Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.

4
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 4-HYDROXY-BENZOIC- Root Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S.

ACID 1964. Phenolic Acids of
Onion Plant. Curr. Sci.,
33(15): 471-472.
0 4-HYDROXY-BENZOIC- Bulb Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S.
ACID 1964. Phenolic Acids of
Onion Plant. Curr. Sci.,
33(15): 471-472.
0 4-HYDROXY-BENZOIC- Leaf Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S.
ACID 1964. Phenolic Acids of
Onion Plant. Curr. Sci.,
33(15): 471-472.
0 5-DEHYDRO- Seed Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L.
AVENASTEROL P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets,
S. A. 1987. Sterols and
Steroidal Glycosides of Bulb
Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf.
Chem. Biotechol. Biol. Act.
Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-
170.
2 5-HEXYL-CYCLOPENTA- Bulb --
1,3-DIONE
0 5-METHYL-2-N-HEXYL-2,3- Bulb Wealth of India.
DIHYDROFURAN-3-ONE
2 5-OCTYL-CYCLOPENTA- Bulb --
1,3-DIONE
0 6(G)-BETA-FRUCTOSYL- Bulb Bacon, J. S. D. 1959.
SUCROSE Trisaccharide Fraction of
Some Monocotyledons.
Biochem. J., 73: 507-514.
0 9,10,13-TRIHYDROXY- Bulb --
OCTADEC-11-ENOIC-ACID
0 9,12,13-TRIHYDROXY- Bulb --
OCTADEC-10-ENOIC-ACID
0 9,1O,13-TRIHYDROXY- Bulb --
OCTADEC-11-ENOIC-ACID
0 ABSCISIC-ACID Bulb Karmelyuk, L. V., Fel'dman,
A. L., Gusar, Z. D., Markh, A.
T., Korableva, N. P. 1982.
Determination of Abscisic
Acid in Common Onion
Tissues. Fiziol Biokhim Kul't
Rast, 14: 295-298.
3 ABSCISSIC-ACID Bulb --

5
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 ACE-AMP-1 Seed Tassin, S., et. al. 1998.

Solution Structure of Ace-
Amp1, a Potent Antimicrobial
Protein Extracted from Onion
Seeds. Structural Analogies
with Plant Nonspecific Lipid
Transfer Proteins.
Biochemistry, 37(11): 3623-
3637.
0 ACETAL Bulb Wilkens, W. F. 1962. The
Isolation and Identification of
the Lachrymogenic
Compound of Onion. Diss.
Abstr. Int. B, 22: 3978.
16 ACETIC-ACID Bulb Wilkens, W. F. 1964. Isolation
and Identification of the
Lachrymogenic Compound of
Onion. Cornell Univ., Agr.
Expt. Sta. Mem. No., 385: 31
pp.
28 ADENOSINE Bulb --

3 ALANINE Bulb 330.0 8597.0 1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and

sequelae)
67 ALLICIN Bulb --

21 ALLIIN Bulb --

21 ALLIIN Essential Oil Bekdairova, K. Z., Klyshev, L.

K. 1982. Garlic Essential Oil
and its Quantitative Analysis.
Izv Akad Nauk Kaz Ssr Ser
Biol, 1: 6-11.
0 ALLIIN-GAMMA-GLUTAMYL- Bulb Ueda, Y., Taubuku, T.,
PEPTIDE Miyajima, R. 1994.
Composition of Sulfur-
Containing Components in
Onion and Their Flavor
Characters. Biosci. Biotech.
Biochem., 58(1): 108-110.
0 ALLIOFUROSIDE-A Pericarp 220.0 --

0 ALLIOSPIROSIDE-A Pericarp 4600.0 --

0 ALLIOSPIROSIDE-B Fruit 500.0 Kravets, S.D., Vollerner, Y.S.,

Gorovits, M.B., Shashkov,
A.S., Abubakirov, N.K. 1987.
Steroid of the Spirostand and
Furostan Series from Plants
of the Genus Allium. II. The
Structure of Alliospiroside B
from Allium cepa. Chem. Nat.
Comp., 22(5): 553-556.

6
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 ALLIOSPIROSIDE-C Fruit 491.0 Kravets, S. D., et. al. 1988.

Steroids of the Spirostan and
Furostan Series of Plants of
the Allium Genus. XXIII.
Structure of Cepagenin and
of Alliospirosides C and D
from Allium cepa. Chem. Nat.
Comp., 23(6): 700-706.
0 ALLIOSPIROSIDE-D Fruit 71.0 Kravets, S. D., et. al. 1988.
Steroids of the Spirostan and
Furostan Series of Plants of
the Allium Genus. XXIII.
Structure of Cepagenin and
of Alliospirosides C and D
from Allium cepa. Chem. Nat.
Comp., 23(6): 700-706.
0 ALLIUM-CEPA- Bulb Schnabl, H. 1977. Isolation
POLYSACCHARIDE and Identification of Soluble
Polysaccharides in Epidermal
Tissue of Allium cepa. Planta,
135: 307-.
0 ALLOSIDE-B Bulb Aizikov, M. I., Kravets, S. D.,
Prokhorova, I. R., Kurmukov,
A. G. 1995. Structure and
Hypolipidemic Activity of
Alloside B Isolated from
Onion. Khim Farm ZH, 29(8):
34-35.
2 ALLYL-METHYL-DISULFIDE Bulb Wealth of India.

0 ALLYL-PROPENYL- Bulb Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of

DISULFIDE Common Natural Ingredients
Used in Food, Drugs, and
Cosmetics, John Wiley &
Sons, New York, 1980.
3 ALLYL-PROPYL-DISULFIDE Bulb --

3 ALLYL-PROPYL-DISULFIDE Essential Oil Wilcox, B. F., Joseph, P. K.,

Augusti, K. T. 1984. Effects of
Allylpropyl Disulphide
Isolated from Allium cepa
Linn. on High-Fat Fed Rats.
Indian J. Biochem. Biophys.,
21(3): 214-216.
2 ALLYLMETHYLSULFIDE Bulb Wealth of India.

0 ALLYLPROPYL-SULFIDE Bulb Wealth of India.

0 ALLYLTHIOL-SULFIDE Bulb Wealth of India.

7
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

10 ALPHA-AMYRIN Bulb Smocziewiczowa, A.,

Nitschke, D. 1978. Study of
Saponins and Sapogenins in
Onions. Zesz Nauk Akad
Ekon Poznaniu Ser, 1(73):
40-43.
15 ALPHA-LINOLENIC-ACID Bulb Ustunes, L., Claeys, M.,
Laekeman, G., Herman, A.G.,
Vlietinck, A.J., Ozer, A. 1985.
Isolation and Identification of
Two Isomeric Trihydroxy
Octadecenoic Acids with
Prostaglandin E-Like Activity
from Onion Bulbs(Allium
cepa). Prostaglandins,
29(5):847-865
0 ALPHA-SITOSTEROL Bulb Smocziewiczowa, A.,
Nitschke, D. 1978. Study of
Saponins and Sapogenins in
Onions. Zesz Nauk Akad
Ekon Poznaniu Ser, 1(73):
40-43.
32 ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL Bulb 0.4 30.0 1.0 --

32 ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL Seed Oil Grujic-Injac, B., Basarevic-

Dinic, L., Lajsic, S.,
Stefanovic, D. 1985.
Chemical Analysis of Seed
Oil of the Onion (Allium
cepa). Hrana Ishrana, 25:
167-169 (Inst Ishr Vet Fak
Belgrade, Yugoslavia)
5 ALUMINUM Bulb 0.3 385.0 1.0 --

30 ANTHOCYANINS Bulb Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S.

1995. Encyclopedia of
Common Natural Ingredients
2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons,
New York. 649 pp.
0 ARABINOSE Bulb Sinha, A. 1959. Chemical
Examination of Allium cepa. I.
Glycosidic and Sugar
Fractions. Indian J. Appl.
Chem., 22: 89-91.
0 ARACHIDIC-ACID Seed Oil Reddy, P. N., Azeemoddin,
G., Rao, S. D. T. 1989.
Processing and Analysis of
Onionseed (Allium cepa) and
its Fixed Oil. J. Amer. Oil
Chem. Soc., 66(3): 365.
0 ARACHIDIC-ACID Seed --

14 ARGININE Bulb 1580.0 17222.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and

sequelae)

8
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

2 ARSENIC Bulb 0.002 0.076 --

112 ASCORBIC-ACID Leaf 390.0 5000.0 0.020016189970703997 --

112 ASCORBIC-ACID Bulb --

0 ASH Bulb 4000.0 63000.0 -1.0 --

0 ASH Leaf 7000.0 90000.0 -0.5083313983755301 CRC Handbook of Medicinal

Herbs and/or CRC Handbook
of Proximate Analyses
2 ASPARAGINE Bulb --

3 ASPARTIC-ACID Bulb 640.0 6967.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and

sequelae)
0 BARIUM Bulb 4.0 28.0 --

20 BENZYL-ISOTHIOCYANATE Bulb Dorsch, W., Adam, O.,

Weber, J., Ziegeltrum, T.
1985. Antiasthmatic Effects of
Onion Extracts - Detection of
Benzyl- and Other
Isothiocyanates (Mustard
Oils) as Antiasthmatic
Compounds of Plant Origin.
Eur. J. Pharmacol., 107(1):
17-24.
53 BETA-CAROTENE Leaf 12.0 158.0 -0.4498575995747604 CRC Handbook of Medicinal
Herbs and/or CRC Handbook
of Proximate Analyses
53 BETA-CAROTENE Flower 28.0 -0.18921282459251038 --

53 BETA-CAROTENE Bulb 0.0 52.0 0.9999999999999998 --

47 BETA-SITOSTEROL Seed Oil Grujic-Injac, B., Basarevic-

Dinic, L., Lajsic, S.,
Stefanovic, D. 1985.
Chemical Analysis of Seed
Oil of the Onion (Allium
cepa). Hrana Ishrana, 25:
167-169 (Inst Ishr Vet Fak
Belgrade, Yugoslavia)
47 BETA-SITOSTEROL Bulb 120.0 510.0 -1.0 --

47 BETA-SITOSTEROL Seed Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L.

P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets,
S. A. 1987. Sterols and
Steroidal Glycosides of Bulb
Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf.
Chem. Biotechol. Biol. Act.
Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-
170.
0 BETA-TOCOPHEROL Seed --

9
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 BETA-TOCOPHEROL Seed Oil Grujic-Injac, B., Basarevic-

Dinic, L., Lajsic, S.,
Stefanovic, D. 1985.
Chemical Analysis of Seed
Oil of the Onion (Allium
cepa). Hrana Ishrana, 25:
167-169 (Inst Ishr Vet Fak
Belgrade, Yugoslavia)
4 BORON Bulb 1.0 45.0 1.0 --

0 BRASSICASTEROL Seed Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L.

P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets,
S. A. 1987. Sterols and
Steroidal Glycosides of Bulb
Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf.
Chem. Biotechol. Biol. Act.
Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-
170.
0 BROMINE Bulb 1.0 15.0 ACTA AGRIC SCAND
SUPPL 22: 1980
3 CADMIUM Bulb 0.005 0.38 --

102 CAFFEIC-ACID Root Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S.

1964. Phenolic Acids of
Onion Plant. Curr. Sci.,
33(15): 471-472.
102 CAFFEIC-ACID Leaf Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S.
1964. Phenolic Acids of
Onion Plant. Curr. Sci.,
33(15): 471-472.
102 CAFFEIC-ACID Bulb --

28 CALCIUM Leaf 420.0 5385.0 -0.8918247706535197 CRC Handbook of Medicinal

Herbs and/or CRC Handbook
of Proximate Analyses
28 CALCIUM Bulb 200.0 3008.0 0.11970003608893207 --

4 CALCIUM-OXALATE Bulb Walter-Levy, L., Strauss, R.

1954. Inorganic Deposits in
Plants. C. R. Acad. Sci., 239:
897-.
2 CAMPESTEROL Bulb 10.0 50.0 -1.0 --

2 CAMPESTEROL Seed Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L.

P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets,
S. A. 1987. Sterols and
Steroidal Glycosides of Bulb
Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf.
Chem. Biotechol. Biol. Act.
Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-
170.

10
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 CARBOHYDRATES Leaf 47000.0 603000.0 -0.07037799270480313 CRC Handbook of Medicinal

Herbs and/or CRC Handbook
of Proximate Analyses
0 CARBOHYDRATES Bulb 73200.0 798000.0 -1.0 --

0 CAROTENE Flower 28.0 Krylova, M. I. 1967.

Carotenoids in the
Reproductive Organs of
Fertile and Sterile Onion
Plants, Allium cepa. Bot. ZH.,
52(9): 1340-1341.
22 CATECHOL Bulb Link, K. P., Walker, J. C.
1933. The Isolation of
Catechol from Pigmented
Onion Scales and its
Significance in Relation to
Disease Resistance in
Onions. J. Biol. Chem., 100:
379-383.
0 CEPAENE-1 Bulb --

0 CEPAENE-2-A Bulb Bayer, T., Wagner, H., Wray,

V., Dorsch, W. 1988.
Inhibitors of Cyclo-
Oxygenase and
Lipoxygenase in Onions.
Lancet, 8616: 906.
0 CEPAENE-2-B Bulb Bayer, T., Wagner, H., Wray,
V., Dorsch, W. 1988.
Inhibitors of Cyclo-
Oxygenase and
Lipoxygenase in Onions.
Lancet, 8616: 906.
0 CEPAENE-3 Bulb Bayer, T., Wagner, H., Wray,
V., Dorsch, W. 1988.
Inhibitors of Cyclo-
Oxygenase and
Lipoxygenase in Onions.
Lancet, 8616: 906.
0 CEPAENE-4-A Bulb Bayer, T., Wagner, H., Wray,
V., Dorsch, W. 1988.
Inhibitors of Cyclo-
Oxygenase and
Lipoxygenase in Onions.
Lancet, 8616: 906.
0 CEPAENE-4-B Bulb Bayer, T., Wagner, H., Wray,
V., Dorsch, W. 1988.
Inhibitors of Cyclo-
Oxygenase and
Lipoxygenase in Onions.
Lancet, 8616: 906.
0 CEPAENES Bulb --

11
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 CEPANONE Bulb Wealth of India.

0 CEPOSIDE-D Seed --

0 CHOLEST-7-EN-3-BETA-OL Bulb Itoh, T., Tamura, T.,

Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T.
1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.
Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.
1 CHOLESTEROL Seed Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L.
P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets,
S. A. 1987. Sterols and
Steroidal Glycosides of Bulb
Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf.
Chem. Biotechol. Biol. Act.
Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-
170.
1 CHOLESTEROL Bulb --

20 CHOLINE Bulb 830.0 Dakshinamurti, K. 1955.

Choline Content of South
Indian Foods. Curr. Sci., 24:
194-195.
24 CHROMIUM Seed 4.8 0.016797185555398934 --

24 CHROMIUM Bulb 0.057 4.0 1.0 --

0 CIS-1-(PROPENYL-DITHIO)- Essential Oil Albrand, M., Dubois, P.,

PROPANE Etievant, P., Gelin, R.,
Tokarska, B. 1980.
Identification of a New
Volatile Compound in Onion
(Allium cepa) and Leek
(Allium porum): 3,4-dimethyl-
2,5-dioxo-2,5-
dihydrothiophene. J. Agric.
Food Chem., 28(5): 1037-
1038.
0 CIS-2,3-DIMETHYL-5,6- Bulb Dorsch,W.,[Link]-
DITHIA- Asthmatic Effects of Onions.
CYCLO(2,2,1)HEPTANE-5- Alk(en)ylsufinothoic Acid
OXIDE Alk(en)yl-Esters Inhib.
Histamine Rel. Leukotriene &
Thromboxane Biosyn. in Vitro
and Counteract PAF &
Allergen-Ind. Bronch. Obst. in
Vivo. Biochem. Pharmacol.,
37:4479-4486.
0 CIS-3,5-DIETHYL-1,2,4- Leaf Chemical Constituents of
TRITHIOLANE Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)
4 CIS- Bulb --
METHYLSULPHINOTHIOIC-
ACID-S-1-
PROPENYLESTER

12
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

4 CIS-N- Bulb --
PROPYLSULPHINOTHIOIC-
ACID-S-1-
PROPENYLESTER
0 CIS-PROPANETHIAL-S- Bulb Block, E., Penn, R. E.,
OXIDE Revelle, L. K. 1979. Structure
and Origin of the Onion
Lachrymatory Factor. A
Microwave Study. J. Amer.
Chem. Soc., 101: 2200-2201.
0 CIS-PROPANETHIOL-S- Bulb --
OXIDE
0 CIS-ZWEIBELANE Bulb Calvey, E. M., Matusik, J. E.,
White, K. D., Betz, J. M.,
Block, E., Littlejohn, M. H.,
Naganathan, S., Putman, D.
1994. Off-Line Supercritical
Fluid Extraction of
Thiosulfinates from Garlic
and Onion. J. Agric. Food
Chem., 42(6): 1335-1341.
23 CITRIC-ACID Leaf Soldatenkov, S. V.,
Mazurova, T. A., Ranteleev,
A. N. 1960. Organic Acids of
Onion and Spinach. Trudy
Petergof Biol. Inst., Leningrad
Gosudarst Univ Im AA
Zhdanova, 18: 55-61.
23 CITRIC-ACID Bulb Soldatenkov, S. V.,
Mazurova, T. A., Ranteleev,
A. N. 1960. Organic Acids of
Onion and Spinach. Trudy
Petergof Biol. Inst., Leningrad
Gosudarst Univ Im AA
Zhdanova, 18: 55-61.
2 COBALT Seed 2.5 -0.0975154003240051 --

2 COBALT Bulb 0.001 0.2 -1.0000000000000002 --

12 COPPER Seed 18.2 0.3070837559561808 --

12 COPPER Bulb 0.3 11.0 0.10619884881071792 --

0 CYANIDIN-3-O-BETA-D- Bulb --
DIGLYCOSIDE
0 CYANIDIN-3-O- Bulb --
LAMINARIBIOSIDE
0 CYANIDIN-3-O- Bulb Du, C. T., Wang, P. L.,
LAMINARIOBIOSIDE Francis, F. J. 1974. Cyanidin-
3-Laminariobioside in
Spanish Red Onion (Allium
cepa). J. Food Science, 39:
1265-.

13
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 CYANIDIN-BIOSIDE Bulb Fuleki, T. 1969. The

Anthocyanins of Strawberry,
Rhubarb, Radish, and Onion.
J. Food Sci., 34(4): 365-369.
0 CYANIDIN-DIGLYCOSIDE Bulb Fuleki, T. 1969. The
Anthocyanins of Strawberry,
Rhubarb, Radish, and Onion.
J. Food Sci., 34(4): 365-369.
0 CYANIDIN- Bulb Fuleki, T. 1969. The
MONOGLYCOSIDE Anthocyanins of Strawberry,
Rhubarb, Radish, and Onion.
J. Food Sci., 34(4): 365-369.
3 CYCLOALLIIN Bulb --

0 CYCLOARTANOL Bulb Itoh, T., Tamura, T.,

Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T.
1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.
Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.
7 CYCLOARTENOL Bulb Itoh, T., Tamura, T.,
Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T.
1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.
Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.
3 CYCLOEUCALENOL Bulb Itoh, T., Tamura, T.,
Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T.
1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.
Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.
13 CYSTEINE Bulb Ueda, Y., Taubuku, T.,
Miyajima, R. 1994.
Composition of Sulfur-
Containing Components in
Onion and Their Flavor
Characters. Biosci. Biotech.
Biochem., 58(1): 108-110.
2 CYSTINE Bulb 210.0 2289.0 1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and
sequelae)
0 D-MANNITOL Bulb --

3 DI-N-PROPYL-DISULFIDE Bulb Wilkens, W. F. 1962. The

Isolation and Identification of
the Lachrymogenic
Compound of Onion. Diss.
Abstr. Int. B, 22: 3978.
26 DIALLYL-DISULFIDE Essential Oil Schultz, O. E., Mohrmann, H.
L. 1965. Analysis of
Constituents of Garlic Allium
sativum. II. Gas
Chromatography of Garlic Oil.
Pharmazie, 20(7): 441-447.

14
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

25 DIALLYL-SULFIDE Essential Oil Schultz, O. E., Mohrmann, H.

L. 1965. Analysis of
Constituents of Garlic Allium
sativum. II. Gas
Chromatography of Garlic Oil.
Pharmazie, 20(7): 441-447.
28 DIALLYL-TRISULFIDE Essential Oil Schultz, O. E., Mohrmann, H.
L. 1965. Analysis of
Constituents of Garlic Allium
sativum. II. Gas
Chromatography of Garlic Oil.
Pharmazie, 20(7): 441-447.
0 DIHYDROALLIIN Bulb Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of
Common Natural Ingredients
Used in Food, Drugs, and
Cosmetics, John Wiley &
Sons, New York, 1980.
0 DIISOPROPYL-TRISULFIDE Bulb Wealth of India.

2 DIMETHYL-DISULFIDE Bulb --

2 DIMETHYL-DISULFIDE Essential Oil Jirovetz, L., Koch, H. P.,

Jager, W., Remberg, G.
1992. Investigations of
German Onion Oil by GC-
FID, GC-MS and GC-FTIR.
Pharmazie, 47(6): 455-456.
0 DIMETHYL-FURAN Essential Oil Wealth of India.

0 DIMETHYL-PENTASULFIDE Essential Oil Jirovetz, L., Koch, H. P.,

Jager, W., Remberg, G.
1992. Investigations of
German Onion Oil by GC-
FID, GC-MS and GC-FTIR.
Pharmazie, 47(6): 455-456.
2 DIMETHYL-SULFIDE Essential Oil Schultz, O. E., Mohrmann, H.
L. 1965. Analysis of
Constituents of Garlic Allium
sativum. II. Gas
Chromatography of Garlic Oil.
Pharmazie, 20(7): 441-447.
0 DIMETHYL-TRISULFIDE Essential Oil Jirovetz, L., Koch, H. P.,
Jager, W., Remberg, G.
1992. Investigations of
German Onion Oil by GC-
FID, GC-MS and GC-FTIR.
Pharmazie, 47(6): 455-456.
0 DIMETHYL-TRISULFIDE Bulb Carson, J. F., Wong, F. F.
1961. The Volatile Flavor
Components of Onions. J.
Agric. Food Chem., 9(2): 140-
143.
0 DIMETHYLTETRASULFIDE Essential Oil --

15
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

3 DIPHENYLAMINE Bulb 23000.0 --

3 DIPHENYLAMINE Plant 500.0 Karawy, M. S., Ehayyal, A. S.

E., Farrag, N. M., Ayad, M.
M. 1986. Screening of
Diphenylamine as an
Antihyperglycaemic Agent in
Certain Edible Plant Organs.
Acta. Pharm. Hung, 56: 55-
58.
0 DIPROPENYL-DISULPHIDE Bulb Wealth of India.

0 DIPROPENYL-SULFIDE Bulb Wealth of India.

4 DIPROPYL-DISULFIDE Bulb --

0 DIPROPYL-DISULPHIDE Bulb --

0 DIPROPYL-TRISULFIDE Bulb --

0 DIPROPYL-TRISULFIDE Essential Oil Jirovetz, L., Koch, H. P.,

Jager, W., Remberg, G.
1992. Investigations of
German Onion Oil by GC-
FID, GC-MS and GC-FTIR.
Pharmazie, 47(6): 455-456.
0 DIPROPYLTETRASULFIDE Essential Oil Jirovetz, L., Koch, H. P.,
Jager, W., Remberg, G.
1992. Investigations of
German Onion Oil by GC-
FID, GC-MS and GC-FTIR.
Pharmazie, 47(6): 455-456.
0 EICOSEN-1-OL Seed --

3 ENDOLYSIN Leaf 0.3 -1.0 LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and

Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996.
Garlic- The
Science and therapeutic
application of Allium sativum
L. and related species.
Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
329 pp.
3 ENDOLYSIN Bulb 0.033 -1.0 LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and
Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996.
Garlic- The
Science and therapeutic
application of Allium sativum
L. and related species.
Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
329 pp.

16
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 EO Bulb 50.0 150.0 -1.2862606900150364 List, P.H. and Horhammer, L.,

Hager's Handbuch der
Pharmazeutischen Praxis,
Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, 1969-1979.
24 ETHANOL Bulb --

1 ETHYLENE Bulb LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and

Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996.
Garlic- The
Science and therapeutic
application of Allium sativum
L. and related species.
Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
329 pp.
0 FAT Leaf 6000.0 77000.0 0.4092541682128573 CRC Handbook of Medicinal
Herbs and/or CRC Handbook
of Proximate Analyses
0 FAT Bulb 1000.0 36079.0 1.0 --

61 FERULIC-ACID Root Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S.

1964. Phenolic Acids of
Onion Plant. Curr. Sci.,
33(15): 471-472.
61 FERULIC-ACID Leaf Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S.
1964. Phenolic Acids of
Onion Plant. Curr. Sci.,
33(15): 471-472.
61 FERULIC-ACID Bulb 0.5 -1.0 --

15 FIBER Leaf 11000.0 141000.0 -0.2539378373860592 CRC Handbook of Medicinal

Herbs and/or CRC Handbook
of Proximate Analyses
15 FIBER Bulb 4400.0 126000.0 1.0 --

0 FLUORINE Bulb 0.04 0.8 ACTA AGRIC SCAND

SUPPL 22: 1980
0 FRUCTOSAN Bulb 100000.0 400000.0 1.0 --

8 FRUCTOSE Bulb Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical

and Biological Studies of
Onion and Garlic in an
Attempt to Isolate a
Hypoclycaemic Extract.
Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med.
Plants Spices Bangkok,
Thailand, September 15-19:
117.

17
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

8 FRUCTOSE Leaf Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical

and Biological Studies of
Onion and Garlic in an
Attempt to Isolate a
Hypoclycaemic Extract.
Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med.
Plants Spices Bangkok,
Thailand, September 15-19:
117.
7 FUMARIC-ACID Bulb --

0 GAMMA-GLUTAMYL- Bulb Virtanen, A. I., Matikkala, B.

LEUCINE J. 1961. New gamma-l-
glutamyl Petides in Onion
(Allium cepa). III. Suomen
Kemistilehti, 34B: 53-54.
0 GAMMA-GLUTAMYL- Bulb --
PHENYLALANINE
0 GAMMA-GLUTAMYL- Bulb --
PHENYLALANINE-ETHYL-
ESTER
0 GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-S- Bulb Virtamen, A. I., Matikkala, E.
BETA-CARBOXY-BETA- J. 1960. New Gamma-
METHYL-ETHYL- Glutamyl Peptides in Onion
CYSTEINYL-GLYCINE (Allium cepa). I. Gamma-
glutamylphenylalanine and
gamma-glutamyl-s-(beta-
carboxy-beta-methylethyl)-
cysteinylglycine. Suomen
Kemistilehti, 33B: 83-84.
0 GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-S- Plant J.S. Glasby [Link]
METHYL-CYSTEINE Containing 2ndary
Metabolite. 1991.
0 GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL- Bulb --
ARGININE
0 GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL- Bulb Virtanen, A. I., Matikkala, B.
CYSTEINE J. 1961. New gamma-l-
glutamyl Petides in Onion
(Allium cepa). III. Suomen
Kemistilehti, 34B: 53-54.
0 GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL- Bulb --
ISOLEUCINE
0 GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-L- Bulb Matikkala, E. J., Virtanen, A.
ARGININE I. 1970. Isolation of gamma-l-
glutamy-l-arginine and
gamma-l-glutamyl-s-(2-
carboxy-n-propyl)-l-cysteine
from Allium cepa (Onion).
Suomen Kemistilehti, 43(11):
435-438.

18
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-L- Bulb Virtanen, A. I., Matikkala, B.

VALINE J. 1961. New gamma-l-
glutamyl Petides in Onion
(Allium cepa). III. Suomen
Kemistilehti, 34B: 53-54.
0 GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-S(2- Bulb --
CARBOXY-N-PROPYL)L-
CYSTEINE
0 GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-S-(1- Bulb Virtanen, A. I., Matikkala, E.
PROPENYL)-CYSTEINE- J. 1961. Structure of the
SULFOXIDE Gamma-Glutamyl Peptide 4
Isolated from Onion (Allium
cepa)-gamma-l-glutamyl-s-(1-
propenyl)-cysteine sulfoxide.
Suomen Kemistilehti, 34B:
84.
0 GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-S-(1- Bulb --
PROPENYL)L-CYSTEINE-
SULFOXIDE
0 GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-S-(2- Bulb --
CARBOXY-BETA-METHYL-
ETHYL)-CYSTEINYL-
GLYCINE
0 GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-S-(2- Bulb --
CARBOXY-BETA-METHYL-
ETHYL)-CYSTEINYL-
GLYCINE-ETHYL-ESTER
0 GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL- Bulb --
VALINE
0 GIBBERELLIN-A-4 Root Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S.
1965. Onion Root
Gibberellins. Curr. Sci., 34(1):
28.
0 GLUCOFRUCTAN Leaf Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical
and Biological Studies of
Onion and Garlic in an
Attempt to Isolate a
Hypoclycaemic Extract.
Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med.
Plants Spices Bangkok,
Thailand, September 15-19:
117.
0 GLUCOFRUCTAN Bulb Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical
and Biological Studies of
Onion and Garlic in an
Attempt to Isolate a
Hypoclycaemic Extract.
Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med.
Plants Spices Bangkok,
Thailand, September 15-19:
117.

19
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

7 GLUCOSE Leaf Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical

and Biological Studies of
Onion and Garlic in an
Attempt to Isolate a
Hypoclycaemic Extract.
Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med.
Plants Spices Bangkok,
Thailand, September 15-19:
117.
7 GLUCOSE Bulb Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical
and Biological Studies of
Onion and Garlic in an
Attempt to Isolate a
Hypoclycaemic Extract.
Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med.
Plants Spices Bangkok,
Thailand, September 15-19:
117.
8 GLUTAMIC-ACID Bulb Thomas, D. J., Parkin, K. L.
1994. Quantification of
Alk(en)yl-L-Cysteine
Sulfoxides and Related
Amino Acids in Alliums by
High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography. J. Agr.
Food Chem., 42(8): 1632-
1638.
5 GLUTAMINE Bulb --

0 GLUTAN Bulb --

7 GLUTATHIONE Bulb Ueda, Y., Taubuku, T.,

Miyajima, R. 1994.
Composition of Sulfur-
Containing Components in
Onion and Their Flavor
Characters. Biosci. Biotech.
Biochem., 58(1): 108-110.
12 GLYCINE Bulb 490.0 5341.0 1.0 --

4 GLYCOLIC-ACID Bulb Balansard, J., Arnoux, M.

1951. A Study of the Hepato-
Renaldiuretics. III. The Active
Principle of Onion Juice.
Med. Trop. (Marseille), 11:
632-634.
0 GRAMISTEROL Bulb Itoh, T., Tamura, T.,
Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T.
1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.
Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.
0 HEXADECEN-1-OL Seed --

7 HISTIDINE Bulb 190.0 2071.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and

sequelae)

20
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

6 IRON Bulb 2.0 135.0 0.7831452902858658 --

6 IRON Seed 235.0 0.3912510395242066 --

6 IRON Leaf 34.0 436.0 0.18456741976079077 CRC Handbook of Medicinal

Herbs and/or CRC Handbook
of Proximate Analyses
3 ISOLEUCINE Bulb 420.0 4578.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and
sequelae)
0 ISOPROPYL-PROPYL- Bulb Wealth of India.
DISULFIDE
0 ISOPROPYL-PROPYL- Bulb Wealth of India.
TRISULFIDE
22 ISOQUERCITRIN Bulb Kiviranta, J., Huovinen, K.,
Hiltunen, R. 1986. Variation
of Flavonoids in Allium cepa.
Planta Medica, 6: 517-518.
11 ISORHAMNETIN Bulb Park, Y. K., Lee, C. Y. 1996.
Identification of Isorhamnetin
4'-Glucoside in Onions. J.
Agric. Food Chem., 44(1): 34-
36.
1 ISORHAMNETIN-3- Bulb --
GLUCOSIDE
75 KAEMPFEROL Bulb 2.0 --

0 KAEMPFEROL-3,4'-DI-O- Bulb Tissut, M., Ravanel, P. 1980.

BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE Assessment of Flavonols in
Adult Leaves of Several
Vegetative Vacuoles.
Phytochemistry, 19: 2077-
2081.
0 KAEMPFEROL-3-O- Epidermis Urushibara, S. I., Kitayama,
SOPHOROSIDE-7-O- Y., Watanabe, T., Okuno, T.,
GLUCURONIDE Watarai, A., Matsumoto, T.
1992. New Flavonol
Glycosides, Major
Determinants Inducing the
Green Fluorescence in the
Guard Cells of Allium cepa.
Tetrahedron Lett., 33(9):
1213-1216.
0 KAEMPFEROL-4',7-DI-O- Bulb Tissut, M., Ravanel, P. 1980.
BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE Assessment of Flavonols in
Adult Leaves of Several
Vegetative Vacuoles.
Phytochemistry, 19: 2077-
2081.
0 KAEMPFEROL-4'-O-BETA- Bulb --
D-GLUCOSIDE

21
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 KILOCALORIES Bulb 380.0 3750.0 1.0 CRC Handbook of Medicinal

Herbs and/or CRC Handbook
of Proximate Analyses
0 KILOCALORIES Leaf 260.0 3330.0 0.5027842271594564 CRC Handbook of Medicinal
Herbs and/or CRC Handbook
of Proximate Analyses
0 LEAD Bulb 0.01 1.4 --

2 LEUCINE Bulb 410.0 4469.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and

sequelae)
27 LINOLEIC-ACID Seed 103500.0 106200.0 -0.00790147227328753 Wealth of India.

27 LINOLEIC-ACID Seed Oil 575000.0 590600.0 0.7844920848789769 --

27 LINOLEIC-ACID Bulb Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical

and Biological Studies of
Onion and Garlic in an
Attempt to Isolate a
Hypoclycaemic Extract.
Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med.
Plants Spices Bangkok,
Thailand, September 15-19:
117.
11 LITHIUM Bulb 0.152 0.324 --

0 LOPHENOL Bulb Itoh, T., Tamura, T.,

Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T.
1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.
Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.
15 LUTEIN Bulb 0.02 Granado, F., Olmedilla, B.,
Blanco, I., Rojas-Hidalgo, E.
1992. Carotenoid
Composition in Raw and
Cooked Spanish Vegetables.
J. Agr. Food Chem., 40(11):
2135-2140.
4 LYSINE Bulb 560.0 6104.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and
sequelae)
65 MAGNESIUM Bulb 76.0 1230.0 0.7319115529256467 --

15 MALIC-ACID Leaf Soldatenkov, S. V.,

Mazurova, T. A., Ranteleev,
A. N. 1960. Organic Acids of
Onion and Spinach. Trudy
Petergof Biol. Inst., Leningrad
Gosudarst Univ Im AA
Zhdanova, 18: 55-61.

22
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

15 MALIC-ACID Bulb Soldatenkov, S. V.,

Mazurova, T. A., Ranteleev,
A. N. 1960. Organic Acids of
Onion and Spinach. Trudy
Petergof Biol. Inst., Leningrad
Gosudarst Univ Im AA
Zhdanova, 18: 55-61.
14 MANGANESE Bulb 1.0 38.0 1.4045726642160135 --

14 MANGANESE Seed 19.4 -0.425040968734703 --

23 MELATONIN Bulb Hattori, A., et. al. 1995.

Identification of Melatonin in
Plants and its Effects on
Plasma Melatonin Levels and
Binding to Melatonin
Receptors in Vertebrates.
Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int.,
35(3): 627-634.
1 MERCURY Bulb 0.001 -1.0 --

0 METHANETHIOL Bulb Wealth of India.

2 METHANOL Leaf Burtsev, A. F., Pashchenko,

T. W., Rik, G. R. 1974. Mass-
Spectrometric Analysis of
Volatile Phytonocide
Substances of Cucumber and
Common Onion Leaves.
Fiziol Biokhim Kul't Rast, 6:
516-.
2 METHANOL Bulb --

15 METHIONINE Bulb 100.0 1090.0 -1.0 --

0 METHIONINE- Plant --
METHYLSULFONIUM
0 METHIONINE- Bulb Renis, H. E., Henze, R. E.
METHYLSULFONIUM-SALT 1957. Studies on Sulfur
Compounds from Onion.
Diss. Abstr. Int. B, 17: 1456-
1457.
0 METHIONINE-SULFONE Bulb Renis, H. E., Henze, R. E.
1957. Studies on Sulfur
Compounds from Onion.
Diss. Abstr. Int. B, 17: 1456-
1457.

23
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 METHYL-ALLIIN Bulb Williamson, E. M. and Evans,

F. J., Potter's New
Cyclopaedia of Botanical
Drugs and Preparations,
Revised Ed., Saffron Walden,
the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd.,
Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988,
reprint 1989.
0 METHYL-CIS-PROPENYL- Bulb Wealth of India.
DISULFIDE
0 METHYL-CIS-PROPENYL- Plant --
DISULFIDE
0 METHYL-CIS-PROPENYL- Bulb --
TRISULFIDE
0 METHYL-DITHIO-METHANE Essential Oil Albrand, M., Dubois, P.,
Etievant, P., Gelin, R.,
Tokarska, B. 1980.
Identification of a New
Volatile Compound in Onion
(Allium cepa) and Leek
(Allium porum): 3,4-dimethyl-
2,5-dioxo-2,5-
dihydrothiophene. J. Agric.
Food Chem., 28(5): 1037-
1038.
0 METHYL-METHANE- Fruit Juice Schmidt, N. E., et. al. 1996.
THIOSULFINATE Rapid Extraction Method of
Quantitating the
Lachrymatory Factor of Onion
Using Gas Chromatography.
J. Agric. Food Chem., 44(9):
2690-2693.
0 METHYL-N-PROPANE- Fruit Juice Schmidt, N. E., et. al. 1996.
THIOSULFINATE Rapid Extraction Method of
Quantitating the
Lachrymatory Factor of Onion
Using Gas Chromatography.
J. Agric. Food Chem., 44(9):
2690-2693.
0 METHYL-PROPENYL- Plant --
TRISULFIDE
0 METHYL-PROPYL- Essential Oil Jirovetz, L., Koch, H. P.,
DISULFIDE Jager, W., Remberg, G.
1992. Investigations of
German Onion Oil by GC-
FID, GC-MS and GC-FTIR.
Pharmazie, 47(6): 455-456.
0 METHYL-PROPYL- Bulb --
DISULFIDE

24
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 METHYL-PROPYL- Essential Oil Jirovetz, L., Koch, H. P.,

TETRASULFIDE Jager, W., Remberg, G.
1992. Investigations of
German Onion Oil by GC-
FID, GC-MS and GC-FTIR.
Pharmazie, 47(6): 455-456.
0 METHYL-TRANS- Bulb Wealth of India.
PROPENYL-DISULFIDE
0 METHYL-TRANS- Bulb Wealth of India.
PROPENYL-TRISULFIDE
0 METHYLPROPYL- Essential Oil Jirovetz, L., Koch, H. P.,
TRISULFIDE Jager, W., Remberg, G.
1992. Investigations of
German Onion Oil by GC-
FID, GC-MS and GC-FTIR.
Pharmazie, 47(6): 455-456.
0 METHYLPROPYL- Bulb --
TRISULFIDE
0 MEVALONIC-ACID Bulb 0.5 Wills, R. B. H., Scurr, E. V.
1975. Mevalonic Acid
Concentrations in Fruit and
Vegetable Tissues.
Phytochemistry, 14: 1643.
2 MOLYBDENUM Bulb 0.1 2.3 1.0000000000000002 --

13 MUFA Bulb 230.0 2230.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and

sequelae)
3 MURAMIDASE Leaf 0.3 LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and
Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996.
Garlic- The
Science and therapeutic
application of Allium sativum
L. and related species.
Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
329 pp.
3 MURAMIDASE Bulb 0.033 -1.0 LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and
Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996.
Garlic- The
Science and therapeutic
application of Allium sativum
L. and related species.
Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
329 pp.
6 MYRISTIC-ACID Seed Oil Reddy, P. N., Azeemoddin,
G., Rao, S. D. T. 1989.
Processing and Analysis of
Onionseed (Allium cepa) and
its Fixed Oil. J. Amer. Oil
Chem. Soc., 66(3): 365.
6 MYRISTIC-ACID Bulb 10.0 100.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and
sequelae)
0 MYROSINASE Bulb --

25
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

1 N-PROPYL-MERCAPTAN Bulb Nishimura, H., Mizutani, J.

1975. Effect of Gamma-
Irradiation on Development of
Lachrymator of Onion. Agic.
Biol. Chem., 39: 2245-.
0 N-PROPYL-METHANE- Fruit Juice Schmidt, N. E., et. al. 1996.
THIOSULFINATE Rapid Extraction Method of
Quantitating the
Lachrymatory Factor of Onion
Using Gas Chromatography.
J. Agric. Food Chem., 44(9):
2690-2693.
0 N-PROPYL-N-PROPANE- Fruit Juice Schmidt, N. E., et. al. 1996.
THIOSULFINATE Rapid Extraction Method of
Quantitating the
Lachrymatory Factor of Onion
Using Gas Chromatography.
J. Agric. Food Chem., 44(9):
2690-2693.
4 N- Bulb --
PROPYLSULPHINOTHIOIC-
ACID-S-N-PROPYLESTER
0 NEODECANOIC-ACID Bulb Wealth of India.

39 NIACIN Leaf 7.0 90.0 -0.09123627617407809 CRC Handbook of Medicinal

Herbs and/or CRC Handbook
of Proximate Analyses
39 NIACIN Bulb 1.0 75.0 1.0 --

3 NICKEL Bulb 0.05 2.5 0.9999999999999996 --

3 NICKEL Seed 0.03 4.0 -0.14389814511946067 --

0 NITROGEN Bulb 1700.0 17690.0 ACTA AGRIC SCAND

SUPPL 22: 1980
0 NONADECANOIC-ACID Bulb Gilbert, M. D., Maylin, G. A.,
Lisk, D. J. 1976. Gas
Chromatographic Analysis of
Neodecanoic Acids in
Onions. J. Agr. Food Chem.,
24(1): 194-.
0 NORCEPANONE Bulb Wealth of India.

64 OLEANOLIC-ACID Bulb --

18 OLEIC-ACID Seed 46800.0 -0.5943767329474172 Wealth of India.

18 OLEIC-ACID Seed Oil 260000.0 292900.0 -0.1478289753657865 --

18 OLEIC-ACID Bulb 230.0 2230.0 1.0 --

26
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

9 OXALIC-ACID Leaf Gad, S. S., Esmat El-Zalaki,

M., Hohamed, M. S.,
Mohasseb, S. Z. 1982.
Oxalate Content of Some
Leafy Vegetables and Dry
Legumes Consumed Widely
in Egypt. Food Chem., 8(3):
169-177. (Coll. Agric.
Alexandria Univ. Ale.)
9 OXALIC-ACID Bulb 10.0 --

25 P-COUMARIC-ACID Root Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S.

1964. Phenolic Acids of
Onion Plant. Curr. Sci.,
33(15): 471-472.
25 P-COUMARIC-ACID Leaf Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S.
1964. Phenolic Acids of
Onion Plant. Curr. Sci.,
33(15): 471-472.
25 P-COUMARIC-ACID Bulb --

16 P-CYMENE Fruit Juice Schmidt, N. E., et. al. 1996.

Rapid Extraction Method of
Quantitating the
Lachrymatory Factor of Onion
Using Gas Chromatography.
J. Agric. Food Chem., 44(9):
2690-2693.
13 P-HYDROXY-BENZOIC- Bulb 107.0 1.0 --
ACID
0 P-HYDROXYBANZOIC-ACID Bulb 107.0 --

0 PAEONIDIN-GLYCOSIDE Bulb Williamson, E. M. and Evans,

F. J., Potter's New
Cyclopaedia of Botanical
Drugs and Preparations,
Revised Ed., Saffron Walden,
the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd.,
Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988,
reprint 1989.
13 PALMITIC-ACID Seed Oil 73000.0 -0.723771059427567 --

13 PALMITIC-ACID Bulb 240.0 2325.0 -1.0 --

13 PALMITIC-ACID Seed 13140.0 -0.4284802139449916 Wealth of India.

11 PANTOTHENIC-ACID Bulb 1.0 16.0 1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and

sequelae)
24 PECTIN Bulb Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S.
1995. Encyclopedia of
Common Natural Ingredients
2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons,
New York. 649 pp.

27
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 PELARGONIDIN- Bulb Fuleki, T. 1969. The

MONOGLYCOSIDE Anthocyanins of Strawberry,
Rhubarb, Radish, and Onion.
J. Food Sci., 34(4): 365-369.
0 PENTOSAN Bulb --

0 PEROXIDASE Bulb --

7 PHENYLALANINE Bulb 300.0 3270.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and

sequelae)
8 PHLOROGLUCINOL Bulb 100.0 --

0 PHLOROGLUCINOL- Bulb 100.0 Hermann, K. 1958. Flavonols

CARBOXYLIC-ACID and Phenols of the Onion
(Allium cepa). Arch. Pharm.
(Weinheim), 291: 238-247.
4 PHOSPHORUS Leaf 310.0 5513.0 0.09963731108701822 --

4 PHOSPHORUS Bulb 275.0 4038.0 -1.0 --

0 PHYTOHORMONE Bulb --

2 PHYTOSTEROLS Bulb 150.0 1455.0 1.0 --

0 POLYSACCHARIDES Bulb 100000.0 400000.0 --

14 POTASSIUM Bulb 1514.0 22164.0 1.0 --

0 PROLINE Bulb 370.0 4033.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and

sequelae)
0 PROP-CIS-ENYL-PROPYL- Bulb Kimura, K., Nishimura, H.,
DISULFIDE Kimura, I., Iwata, I., Mizutani,
J. 1984. Flavor Components
of Roasted Onion. I. Changes
in Flavor Components of
Onion by Roasting. Nippon
Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi,
37(4): 343-347.
0 PROP-CIS-ENYL-PROPYL- Bulb Kimura, K., Nishimura, H.,
TRISULFIDE Kimura, I., Iwata, I., Mizutani,
J. 1984. Flavor Components
of Roasted Onion. I. Changes
in Flavor Components of
Onion by Roasting. Nippon
Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi,
37(4): 343-347.
0 PROP-TRANS-ENYL- Bulb Kimura, K., Nishimura, H.,
PROPYL-DISULFIDE Kimura, I., Iwata, I., Mizutani,
J. 1984. Flavor Components
of Roasted Onion. I. Changes
in Flavor Components of
Onion by Roasting. Nippon
Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi,
37(4): 343-347.

28
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 PROP-TRANS-ENYL- Bulb Kimura, K., Nishimura, H.,

PROPYL-TRISULFIDE Kimura, I., Iwata, I., Mizutani,
J. 1984. Flavor Components
of Roasted Onion. I. Changes
in Flavor Components of
Onion by Roasting. Nippon
Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi,
37(4): 343-347.
0 PROPAN-1-OL Bulb --

0 PROPANAL Bulb Wealth of India.

0 PROPANE-1-THIOL Bulb Wilkens, W. F. 1962. The

Isolation and Identification of
the Lachrymogenic
Compound of Onion. Diss.
Abstr. Int. B, 22: 3978.
0 PROPIONAL Bulb Wilkens, W. F. 1962. The
Isolation and Identification of
the Lachrymogenic
Compound of Onion. Diss.
Abstr. Int. B, 22: 3978.
2 PROPIONALDEHYDE Leaf Burtsev, A. F., Pashchenko,
T. W., Rik, G. R. 1974. Mass-
Spectrometric Analysis of
Volatile Phytonocide
Substances of Cucumber and
Common Onion Leaves.
Fiziol Biokhim Kul't Rast, 6:
516-.
2 PROPIONALDEHYDE Bulb Wilkens, W. F. 1964. Isolation
and Identification of the
Lachrymogenic Compound of
Onion. Cornell Univ., Agr.
Expt. Sta. Mem. No., 385: 31
pp.
0 PROSTAGLANDIN-A Bulb Pobozsny, K., Tetenyi, P.,
Hethelyi, I., Kocsar, L., Mann,
V. 1979. Biologically Active
Substances: Investigations
into the Prostaglandin
Content of Allium Species. I.
Herba Hung, 18(2): 71-81.
2 PROSTAGLANDIN-A-1 Bulb 1.0 --

0 PROSTAGLANDIN-B Bulb Pobozsny, K., Tetenyi, P.,

Hethelyi, I., Kocsar, L., Mann,
V. 1979. Biologically Active
Substances: Investigations
into the Prostaglandin
Content of Allium Species. I.
Herba Hung, 18(2): 71-81.

29
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

2 PROSTAGLANDIN-E-1 Bulb Ustunes, L., Claeys, M.,

Laekeman, G., Herman, A.G.,
Vlietinck, A.J., Ozer, A. 1985.
Isolation and Identification of
Two Isomeric Trihydroxy
Octadecenoic Acids with
Prostaglandin E-Like Activity
from Onion Bulbs(Allium
cepa). Prostaglandins,
29(5):847-865
0 PROSTAGLANDIN-F Bulb Pobozsny, K., Tetenyi, P.,
Hethelyi, I., Kocsar, L., Mann,
V. 1979. Biologically Active
Substances: Investigations
into the Prostaglandin
Content of Allium Species. I.
Herba Hung, 18(2): 71-81.
0 PROTEIN Leaf 18000.0 231000.0 0.19108914041232994 CRC Handbook of Medicinal
Herbs and/or CRC Handbook
of Proximate Analyses
0 PROTEIN Bulb 10940.0 162000.0 -1.0 --

43 PROTOCATECHUIC-ACID Leaf Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S.

1964. Phenolic Acids of
Onion Plant. Curr. Sci.,
33(15): 471-472.
43 PROTOCATECHUIC-ACID Bulb 4500.0 17540.0 --

4 PUFA Bulb 620.0 6005.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and

sequelae)
12 PYROCATECHOL Bulb Hermann, K. 1958. Flavonols
and Phenols of the Onion
(Allium cepa). Arch. Pharm.
(Weinheim), 291: 238-247.
1 PYRUVIC-ACID Fruit Juice 1034.0 Morgan, E. J. 1946. Pyruvic
Acid in the Juice of Onion
(Allium cepa). Nature
(London), 157: 512.
1 PYRUVIC-ACID Fruit 1034.0 --

1 PYRUVIC-ACID Bulb Malkki, Y., Nikkila, O. E.,

Aalto, M. 1978. The
Composition and Aroma of
Onions and Influencing
Factors. J. Sci. Agr. Soc.
Finland, 50: 103-.
176 QUERCETIN Bulb 0.0 48100.0 1.0 --

0 QUERCETIN-3,4'-DI-O- Bulb 1700.0 5600.0 --

BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
2 QUERCETIN-3,4'- Bulb --
DIGLUCOSIDE

30
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

2 QUERCETIN-3-O-BETA-D- Bulb 0.0 40.0 Abstract (See species file)

GLUCOSIDE
0 QUERCETIN-3-O- Epidermis Urushibara, S. I., Kitayama,
SOPHOROSIDE-7-O- Y., Watanabe, T., Okuno, T.,
GLUCURONIDE Watarai, A., Matsumoto, T.
1992. New Flavonol
Glycosides, Major
Determinants Inducing the
Green Fluorescence in the
Guard Cells of Allium cepa.
Tetrahedron Lett., 33(9):
1213-1216.
0 QUERCETIN-4',7-DI-O- Bulb 0.0 160.0 --
BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
0 QUERCETIN-4-O-BETA-D- Bulb 100.0 800.0 --
GLUCOSIDE
1 QUINIC-ACID Bulb --

1 RAFFINOSE Bulb Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical

and Biological Studies of
Onion and Garlic in an
Attempt to Isolate a
Hypoclycaemic Extract.
Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med.
Plants Spices Bangkok,
Thailand, September 15-19:
117.
1 RAFFINOSE Leaf Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical
and Biological Studies of
Onion and Garlic in an
Attempt to Isolate a
Hypoclycaemic Extract.
Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med.
Plants Spices Bangkok,
Thailand, September 15-19:
117.
0 RHAMNOSE Bulb Sinha, A. 1959. Chemical
Examination of Allium cepa. I.
Glycosidic and Sugar
Fractions. Indian J. Appl.
Chem., 22: 89-91.
15 RIBOFLAVIN Bulb 0.4 15.0 1.0 --

0 RIBOSE Bulb Sinha, A. 1959. Chemical

Examination of Allium cepa. I.
Glycosidic and Sugar
Fractions. Indian J. Appl.
Chem., 22: 89-91.
0 RUBIDIUM Bulb 0.14 6.6 ACTA AGRIC SCAND
SUPPL 22: 1980
87 RUTIN Bulb 14000.0 --

31
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 S-(2-CARBOXY-PROPYL)- Bulb 125.0 -1.0 Tsuboi, S., Kishimoto, S.,

GLUTATHIONE Ohmori, S. 1989. S-(2-
carboxypropyl)glutathione in
Vegetables in Liliflorae. J.
Agric. Food Chem. 37(3):
611-615.
0 S-(BETA-CARBOXY-BETA- Bulb Virtamen, A. I., Matikkala, E.
METHYL-ETHYL)- J. 1960. New Gamma-
CYSTEINE Glutamyl Peptides in Onion
(Allium cepa). I. Gamma-
glutamylphenylalanine and
gamma-glutamyl-s-(beta-
carboxy-beta-methylethyl)-
cysteinylglycine. Suomen
Kemistilehti, 33B: 83-84.
0 S-(BETA-CARBOXYBETA- Bulb --
METHYL-ETHER)-
CYSTEINE
0 S-ALLYL-CYSTEINE Bulb Renis, H. E., Henze, R. E.
1957. Studies on Sulfur
Compounds from Onion.
Diss. Abstr. Int. B, 17: 1456-
1457.
0 S-METHYL-CYSTEINE Bulb Williamson, E. M. and Evans,
F. J., Potter's New
Cyclopaedia of Botanical
Drugs and Preparations,
Revised Ed., Saffron Walden,
the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd.,
Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988,
reprint 1989.
2 S-METHYL-CYSTEINE- Bulb Kumari, K., Augusti, K. T.
SULFOXIDE 1995. Antidiabetic Effects of
S-Methylcysteine Sulphoxide
on Alloxan Diabetes. Planta
Medica, 61(1): 72-74.
0 S-PROP-1-ENYL- Bulb 26.0 --
CYSTEINE-S-OXIDE
0 S-PROPYL-CYSTEINE- Bulb Renis, H. E., Henze, R. E.
SULFOXIDE 1957. Studies on Sulfur
Compounds from Onion.
Diss. Abstr. Int. B, 17: 1456-
1457.
7 SALICYLATES Bulb 1.0 20.0 1.0 --

0 SAPONIN Bulb --

5 SAPONINS Bulb Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S.

1995. Encyclopedia of
Common Natural Ingredients
2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons,
New York. 649 pp.

32
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 SATIOMEM Bulb Upreti, R. K., Ahmad, S.,

Shukla, S., Kidwai, A. M.
1994. Experimental
Anorexigenic Effect of a
Membrane Proteoglycan
Isolated from Plants. J.
Ethnopharmacology, 42(1):
53-61.
60 SELENIUM Bulb 0.001 0.003 -1.0000000000000002 --

0 SELENO-HOME-CYSTINE Plant --

0 SELENO-HOMOCYSTINE Plant Hamilton, J. W. 1975.

Chemical Examination of
Seleniferous Onions, Allium
cepa. Adv. Front Plant Sci.,
30: 189-.
0 SELENO-METHIONINE Plant Hamilton, J. W. 1975.
Chemical Examination of
Seleniferous Onions, Allium
cepa. Adv. Front Plant Sci.,
30: 189-.
0 SELENO-METHIONINE Bulb --

0 SELENO-METHYL- Bulb --
SELENOCYSTEINE
0 SELENO-METHYL- Plant Hamilton, J. W. 1975.
SELENOCYSTEINE Chemical Examination of
Seleniferous Onions, Allium
cepa. Adv. Front Plant Sci.,
30: 189-.
0 SELENO-METHYL- Bulb --
SELENOMETHIONINE
0 SELENO-METHYL- Plant Hamilton, J. W. 1975.
SELENOMETHIONINE Chemical Examination of
Seleniferous Onions, Allium
cepa. Adv. Front Plant Sci.,
30: 189-.
0 SELENOSIDE Plant --

1 SERINE Bulb 350.0 3815.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and

sequelae)
0 SFA Bulb 260.0 2520.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and
sequelae)
4 SILICON Bulb 1.0 75.0 ACTA AGRIC SCAND
SUPPL 22: 1980
3 SILVER Bulb 0.038 0.054 --

9 SINAPIC-ACID Root Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S.

1964. Phenolic Acids of
Onion Plant. Curr. Sci.,
33(15): 471-472.

33
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

9 SINAPIC-ACID Leaf Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S.

1964. Phenolic Acids of
Onion Plant. Curr. Sci.,
33(15): 471-472.
9 SINAPIC-ACID Bulb Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S.
1964. Phenolic Acids of
Onion Plant. Curr. Sci.,
33(15): 471-472.
1 SODIUM Bulb 8.0 2052.0 1.4085638338778703 --

0 SODIUM-PROP-CIS-1- Bulb Yamato, O., Yoshihara, T.,

ENYL-THIOSULFATE Ichihara, A., Maede, Y. 1994.
Novel Heinz Body Hemolysis
Factors in Onion (Allium
cepa). Biosci. Biotech.
Biochem., 58(1): 221-222.
0 SODIUM-PROP-TRANS-1- Bulb Yamato, O., Yoshihara, T.,
ENYL-THIOSULFATE Ichihara, A., Maede, Y. 1994.
Novel Heinz Body Hemolysis
Factors in Onion (Allium
cepa). Biosci. Biotech.
Biochem., 58(1): 221-222.
0 SODIUM-PROPYL- Bulb Yamato, O., Yoshihara, T.,
THIOSULFATE Ichihara, A., Maede, Y. 1994.
Novel Heinz Body Hemolysis
Factors in Onion (Allium
cepa). Biosci. Biotech.
Biochem., 58(1): 221-222.
4 SPIRAEOSIDE Epidermis Ito, Y., Ono, M., Masuoka, C.,
Yahara, S., Nohara, T. 1995.
Hyaluronidase Inhibitors of
Onion (Allium cepa L.) Skin.
Kyushu Tokai Daigaku
Nogakubu Kiyo, 14: 43-48.
4 SPIRAEOSIDE Bulb 10000.0 11300.0 --

8 STEARIC-ACID Seed Oil 35000.0 -0.6541098145281985 --

8 STEARIC-ACID Bulb 20.0 195.0 --

8 STEARIC-ACID Seed 6300.0 -0.4287014331879593 Wealth of India.

0 STIGMAST-7-EN-3-BETA-OL Seed Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L.

P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets,
S. A. 1987. Sterols and
Steroidal Glycosides of Bulb
Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf.
Chem. Biotechol. Biol. Act.
Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-
170.

34
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

12 STIGMASTEROL Seed Oil Grujic-Injac, B., Basarevic-

Dinic, L., Lajsic, S.,
Stefanovic, D. 1985.
Chemical Analysis of Seed
Oil of the Onion (Allium
cepa). Hrana Ishrana, 25:
167-169 (Inst Ishr Vet Fak
Belgrade, Yugoslavia)
12 STIGMASTEROL Bulb 40.0 --

12 STIGMASTEROL Seed Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L.

P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets,
S. A. 1987. Sterols and
Steroidal Glycosides of Bulb
Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf.
Chem. Biotechol. Biol. Act.
Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-
170.
0 STRONTIUM Bulb 57.0 162.0 --

7 SUCCINIC-ACID Bulb Soldatenkov, S. V.,

Mazurova, T. A., Ranteleev,
A. N. 1960. Organic Acids of
Onion and Spinach. Trudy
Petergof Biol. Inst., Leningrad
Gosudarst Univ Im AA
Zhdanova, 18: 55-61.
7 SUCCINIC-ACID Leaf Soldatenkov, S. V.,
Mazurova, T. A., Ranteleev,
A. N. 1960. Organic Acids of
Onion and Spinach. Trudy
Petergof Biol. Inst., Leningrad
Gosudarst Univ Im AA
Zhdanova, 18: 55-61.
14 SUCROSE Bulb Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical
and Biological Studies of
Onion and Garlic in an
Attempt to Isolate a
Hypoclycaemic Extract.
Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med.
Plants Spices Bangkok,
Thailand, September 15-19:
117.
14 SUCROSE Leaf Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical
and Biological Studies of
Onion and Garlic in an
Attempt to Isolate a
Hypoclycaemic Extract.
Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med.
Plants Spices Bangkok,
Thailand, September 15-19:
117.

35
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 SUGARS Bulb Malkki, Y., Nikkila, O. E.,

Aalto, M. 1978. The
Composition and Aroma of
Onions and Influencing
Factors. J. Sci. Agr. Soc.
Finland, 50: 103-.
14 SULFUR Bulb 80.0 4075.0 -1.0 --

6 TARTARIC-ACID Bulb --

31 THIAMIN Leaf 0.5 6.4 -0.39693808734805064 CRC Handbook of Medicinal

Herbs and/or CRC Handbook
of Proximate Analyses
31 THIAMIN Bulb 0.3 6.0 -1.0 --

0 THIOPROPANAL-S-OXIDE Bulb --

0 THIOPROPIONAL-S-OXIDE Bulb --

4 THREONINE Bulb 280.0 3052.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and

sequelae)
0 TITANIUM Bulb 0.38 11.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and
sequelae)
0 TRANS-1-(1-PROPENYL- Essential Oil Albrand, M., Dubois, P.,
DITHIO)-PROPANE Etievant, P., Gelin, R.,
Tokarska, B. 1980.
Identification of a New
Volatile Compound in Onion
(Allium cepa) and Leek
(Allium porum): 3,4-dimethyl-
2,5-dioxo-2,5-
dihydrothiophene. J. Agric.
Food Chem., 28(5): 1037-
1038.
0 TRANS-1-(PROPENYL- Essential Oil --
DITHIO)-PROPANE
0 TRANS-2,3-DIMETHYL-5,6- Bulb Dorsch,W.,[Link]-
DITHIA- Asthmatic Effects of Onions.
CYCLO(2,2,1)HEPTANE-5- Alk(en)ylsufinothoic Acid
OXIDE Alk(en)yl-Esters Inhib.
Histamine Rel. Leukotriene &
Thromboxane Biosyn. in Vitro
and Counteract PAF &
Allergen-Ind. Bronch. Obst. in
Vivo. Biochem. Pharmacol.,
37:4479-4486.
0 TRANS-3,5-DIETHYL-1,2,4,- Leaf Chemical Constituents of
TRITHIOLANE Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)
4 TRANS-5-ETHYL-4,6,7- Bulb --
TRITHIA-2-DECENE-4-S-
OXIDE

36
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

0 TRANS-CIS-5-ETHYL-4,6,7- Bulb --
TRITHIA-2,8-DECADIENE-4-
S-OXIDE
4 TRANS- Bulb --
METHYLSULPHINOTHIOIC-
ACID-S-1-
PROPENYLESTER
4 TRANS-N- Bulb --
PROPYLSULPHINOTHIOIC-
ACID-S-1-
PROPENYLESTER
0 TRANS-S-(1-PROPENYL)- Bulb Williamson, E. M. and Evans,
CYSTEINE-SULFOXIDE F. J., Potter's New
Cyclopaedia of Botanical
Drugs and Preparations,
Revised Ed., Saffron Walden,
the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd.,
Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988,
reprint 1989.
4 TRANS-TRANS-5-ETHYL- Bulb --
4,6,7-TRITHIA-2,8-
DECADIENE-4-S-OXIDE
0 TRIDECAN-2-ONE Bulb Wealth of India.

15 TRIGONELLINE Seed 13.0 -0.46591212987573255 Evans, L. S., Tramontano, W.

A. 1984. Trigonelline and
Promotion of Cell Arrest in
G2 of Various Legumes.
Phytochemistry, 23(9): 1837-
1840.
29 TRYPTOPHAN Bulb 170.0 1853.0 1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and
sequelae)
0 TSEPOSIDES Seed Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L.
P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets,
S. A. 1987. Sterols and
Steroidal Glycosides of Bulb
Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf.
Chem. Biotechol. Biol. Act.
Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-
170.
1 TULIPOSIDE-A Root Slob, A., Jekel, B., De Jong,
B., Schlatmann, E. 1975. On
the Occurrence of
Tuliposides in the Liliiflorae.
Phytochemistry, 14: 1997-
2005.
0 TULIPOSIDE-B Root Slob, A., Jekel, B., De Jong,
B., Schlatmann, E. 1975. On
the Occurrence of
Tuliposides in the Liliiflorae.
Phytochemistry, 14: 1997-
2005.

37
Activities Count Chemical Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Refernce Citation

8 TYROSINE Bulb 290.0 3161.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and

sequelae)
3 VALINE Bulb 270.0 2943.0 -1.0 --

24 VANILLIC-ACID Bulb 258.0 1.0 --

0 VIT-B-6 Bulb 1.0 18.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and

sequelae)
0 WATER Leaf 922000.0 0.5705515493442906 CRC Handbook of Medicinal
Herbs and/or CRC Handbook
of Proximate Analyses
0 WATER Bulb 866000.0 918000.0 0.778867813617976 --

10 XYLITOL Bulb Counsell, J. N., Roberton, D.

J. 1976. Xylitol-A Sweetener
Which is Kind to the Teeth.
Food Process Ind., 45(54):
24-26.
3 XYLOSE Bulb Sinha, A. 1959. Chemical
Examination of Allium cepa. I.
Glycosidic and Sugar
Fractions. Indian J. Appl.
Chem., 22: 89-91.
5 ZEAXANTHIN Bulb Granado, F., Olmedilla, B.,
Blanco, I., Rojas-Hidalgo, E.
1992. Carotenoid
Composition in Raw and
Cooked Spanish Vegetables.
J. Agr. Food Chem., 40(11):
2135-2140.
77 ZINC Seed 34.0 -0.31604114389068755 --

77 ZINC Bulb 2.0 53.0 1.4104984605249231 --

0 ZIRCONIUM Bulb 0.76 1.0 --

38