TENSES
PRESENT TENSE
1. SIMPLE PRESENT
(+) S + v1 + s/es + object
Ex: She writes a letter.
(-) S + does not + v1 + s/es + object
Ex: She does not write a letter.
(?) Does + S + v1 + s/es + object
Ex: Does she write a letter?
(-?) Does + S + not + v1 + s/es + object
Ex: Does she not write a letter?
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(+) S + is/am/are + v1 + ing + object
Ex: she is writing a letter
(-) S + is/am/are + not + v1 + ing + object
Ex: She is not writing a letter.
(?) is/am/are + S + v1 + ing + object
Ex: Is she writing a letter?
(-?) is/am/are + S + not + v1 + ing + object
Ex: Is she not writing a letter?
3. PRESENT PERFECT
(+) sub + has/have + v3 + object
Ex: She has written a letter.
(-) sub + has/have + not + v3 + object
Ex: She has not written a letter.
(?) has/have + sub + v3 + object
Ex: Has she written a letter?
(-?) has/have + sub + not + v3 + object
Ex: Has she not written a letter?
4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
(+) sub + has/have + been + v1 + ing + object
Ex: She has been writing a letter.
(-) sub + has/have + not been + v1 + ing + object
Ex: She has not been writing a letter.
(?) has/have + sub + been + v1 + ing + object
Ex: Has she been writing a letter?
(-?) has/have + she + not + been + v1 + ing + object
Ex: Has she not been writing a letter?
PAST TENSE
1. SIMPLE PAST
(+) Subject + V2 + Object + (.)
Ex: She wrote a letter.
(-) Subject + didn’t + V1 + Object + (.)
Ex: She didn’[Link] a letter.
(?) Did + Subject + V1 + Object + (?)
Ex: Did she write a letter?
(-?) Did + Subject + not + V1 + Object + (?)
Ex: Did she not write a letter?
2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
(+) Subject + was/were +V1+ ing + Object + (.)
Ex: She was writing a letter
(-) Subject + was/were + not + ing + Object + (.)
Ex: She was not writing a letter.
(?) Was/were + Subject + ing+ Object + (?)
Ex: Was she writing a letter?
(-?) Was/were + Subject + not + ing+ Object + (?)
Ex: Was she not writing a letter?
3. PAST PERFECT TENSE
(+) Subject + had + V3 + Object + (.)
Ex: She had written a letter.
(-) Subject + had + not + Object + (.)
Ex: She had not written a letter.
(?) Had + Subject + V3 + Object + (?)
Ex: Had she written a letter?
(-?) Had + Subject + not + V3 + Object + (?)
Ex: Had she not written a letter?
4. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
(+) Subject + had been +V1 + ing + Object + (.)
Ex: She had been writing a letter.
(-) Subject + had + not been + V1+ ing + Object + (.)
Ex: She had not been writing a letter.
(?) Had + Subject+ been+ V1 + ing + Object + (?)
Ex: Had she been writing a letter?
(-?) Had + Subject +not + been + V1 + ing + Object + (?)
Ex: Had she not been writing a letter?
FUTURE TENSE
1. SIMPLE FUTURE
Rule: Will/Shall + Verb (1st)
(+) Subject + Will/Shall + Verb (Ist form) + Object + (.)
Ex: She will write a letter.
(-) Subject + Will/Shall + Not + Verb (Ist form) + Object + (.)
Ex: She will not write a letter.
(?) Will/Shall + Subject + Verb (Ist form) + Object + (?)
Ex: Will she write a letter?
(-?) Will/Shall + Subject + Not + Verb (Ist form) + Object + (?)
Ex: Will she not write a letter?
2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Rule: Will/Shall + Be + Verb (Ist form) + Ing
(+) Subject + Will/Shall + Be + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object + (.)
Ex: She will be writing a letter.
(-) Subject + Will/Shall + Not + Be + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object + (.)
Ex: She will not be writing a letter.
(?) Will/Shall + Subject + Be + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object + (?)
Ex: Will she be writing a letter?
(-?) Will/Shall + Subject + Not + Be + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object + (?)
Ex: Will she not be writing a letter?
3. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Rule: Will/Shall + Have + Verb (3rd)
(+)Subject + Will/Shall + Have + Verb (3rd form) + Object + (.)
Ex: She will have written a letter.
(-) Subject + Will/Shall + Not + Have + Verb (3rd form) + Object + (.)
Ex: She will not have written a letter.
(?) Will/Shall + Subject + Have + Verb (3rd form) + Object + (?)
Ex: Will she have written a letter?
(-?) Will/Shall + Subject + Not + Have + Verb (3rd form) + Object + (?)
Ex: Will she not have written a letter?
4. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Rule: Will/Shall + Have been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing
(+) Subject + Will/Shall + Have been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object + (.)
Ex: She will have been writing a letter.
(-) Subject + Will/Shall + Not + Have been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object+ (.)
Ex: She will not have been writing a letter.
(?) Will/Shall + Subject + Have been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object +(?)
Ex: Will she have been writing a letter?
(-?) Will/Shall + Subject + Not + Have been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object +(?)
Ex: Will she not have been writing a letter?
