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Network Analysis & Synthesis (KEE 403) Unit-I

Graph theory is a branch of mathematics used to model networks and relationships. A graph consists of nodes connected by branches, representing elements in an electrical circuit. Graphs can be planar if they can be drawn on a plane without edge crossings, or non-planar. Two electrical networks are dual if the mesh equations of one equal the node equations of the other. Dual networks have similar circuit equations but with variables interchanged, representing equivalent current and voltage relationships. An example shows a series RLC circuit and its dual network derived by replacing variables according to duality.

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943 views3 pages

Network Analysis & Synthesis (KEE 403) Unit-I

Graph theory is a branch of mathematics used to model networks and relationships. A graph consists of nodes connected by branches, representing elements in an electrical circuit. Graphs can be planar if they can be drawn on a plane without edge crossings, or non-planar. Two electrical networks are dual if the mesh equations of one equal the node equations of the other. Dual networks have similar circuit equations but with variables interchanged, representing equivalent current and voltage relationships. An example shows a series RLC circuit and its dual network derived by replacing variables according to duality.

Uploaded by

VIVEK AHLAWAT
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Network Analysis & Synthesis (KEE 403)

UNIT- I
Graph theory: Graph theory is one of the most important branches of mathematics particularly
discrete mathematics which is also called as the mathematics of network. In computers it has
many applications such as syntactic analysis, fault detection etc. It plays a very important role in
engineering and technology.

Graph Theory is ultimately the study of relationships. Given a set of nodes & connections,
which can abstract anything from city layouts to computer data, graph theory provides a helpful
tool to quantify & simplify the many moving parts of dynamic systems

Graph: Network graph is simply called as graph. It consists of a set of nodes connected by
branches. In graphs, a node is a common point of two or more branches. ... That means, the
line segments in the graph represent the branches corresponding to either passive elements or
voltage sources of electric circuit.

Planar and Non-Planar Graphs: Graph A is planar since no link is overlapping with


another. Graph B is non-planar since many links are overlapping. Also, the links of graph B
cannot be reconfigured in a manner that would make it planar.

A graph is said to be non-planar if it cannot be drawn in a plane so that no edge cross.


Example: The graphs shown in fig are non-planar graphs. These graphs cannot be drawn in
a plane so that no edges cross hence they are non-planar graphs.

Dual Network: Two electrical networks are said to be dual networks if the mesh equations of
one network is equal to the node equation of the other.

The dual network is based on Kirchhoff Current Law and Kirchhoff Voltage Law.

Applying Kirchhoff Voltage Law in the network A, above we get,


Applying Kirchhoff Current Law in the network B, above we get,

Here we have found that equations (i) and (ii) are similar in their mathematical form. Equation (i)
is in mesh form and equation (ii) is in nodal form.

Here, the left side variable of equation (i) is voltage, and the left side variable of equation (ii) is
current.

Similarly, the right side of equation (i) is a product of the current and total impedance of the
circuit.

Similarly, the right side of equation (ii) is the product of voltage and admittance of the circuit.

So, it is needless to say these two networks are dual networks. From, the examples it is also
clear that dual networks may not be equivalent networks.

The circuit equation of the two dual networks are similar in form but the variable is interchanged.

Let us consider the series RLC circuit as shown below.

Applying Kirchhoff Voltage Law in this circuit, we get,


Let us replace all the variables and constants by their dual in the equation. By doing that, we
get,

The electrical network drawn by the circuit equation (iv), would be

Hence:

This is nothing but Kirchhoff’s Current Law. As per the definition of a dual network, network C
and network D are dual to each other.

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