Brief on Working Principle of
LiBr Absorption Chiller
Central Air-conditioning System
Cooling tower
Machine Room Fan Coil
Chiller
Chilled water
Fan coil
WORKING PRINCIPLE
WORKING PRINCIPLE
There are two kinds of medium in the chiller. One is refrigerant.
Inside the chiller, the refrigerant will absorb the heat of the chilled
water. So, the temperature of the chilled water will decrease, and this
(low temperature) chilled water can be supplied to the places where it is
needed (for example, to cool down the rooms). The refrigerant will
convert into vapor after it absorbs the heat of the chilled water.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
WORKING PRINCIPLE
Pressure
Temperature
101 kPa (760mmHg) 100 ℃
84 kPa (634mmHg) 95 ℃
6.9 kPa (52.4mmHg) 39 ℃
1 kPa (7.51mmHg) 7℃
0.87 kPa (6.54mmHg) 5℃
0.75 kPa (5.68mmHg) 3℃
WORKING PRINCIPLE
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The other medium is absorbent (LiBr solution).
Inside the chiller, the absorbent will absorb the vapor of the refrigerant.
The concentration of absorbent will decrease after it absorbs the vapor
of the refrigerant. (We call it weak solution.) After the concentration
decreases to a degree, the absorbent will have no ability to absorb the
vapor of the refrigerant, then it will be needed to be reconcentrated. It
will be heated to a high temperature in other parts of the chiller, to
separate the refrigerant from the absorbent and to make the weak
solution become strong solution. Again, the strong solution can absorb
the vapor of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant can absorb the heat of
the chilled water.
The heat source can be hot water, steam, gas, oil, or waste flue.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LiBr SOLUTION
SATURATION WATER VAPOR PRESSURE OF
LiBr SOLUTION
Saturation water vapor pressure of LiBr solution is closely
related to the temperature and concentration of LiBr solution.
When the temperature is kept constant, the higher the
concentration, the lower the saturation water vapor pressure.
When the concentration is kept constant, the lower the
temperature, the lower the saturation water vapor pressure.
39℃ 57% 6.4 mmHg
50℃ 63% 6.2 mmHg
94℃ 63% 55 mmHg
87℃ 60% 53 mmHg
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LiBr SOLUTION
SATURATION WATER VAPOR PRESSURE
1 water 2 LiBr solution
5℃ 6.54 mmHg (Evaporator) 39℃ 57% 6.4 mmHg (absorber)
10℃ 9.20 mmHg 50℃ 63% 6.2 mmHg
39℃ 52.4 mmHg (Condenser) 94℃ 63% 55 mmHg
87℃ 60% 53 mmHg (LPG or HS
Generator)
157℃ 63% 650 mmHg
HPG Double Effect
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LiBr SOLUTION
SATURATION WATER VAPOR PRESSURE
1 water 2 LiBr solution
5℃ 6.54 mmHg 39℃ 57% 6.4 mmHg
WORKING PRINCIPLE (Single Effect)
WORKING PRINCIPLE (Single Effect)
WORKING PRINCIPLE (Single Effect)
WORKING PRINCIPLE (Single Effect)
WORKING PRINCIPLE (Single Effect)
WORKING PRINCIPLE (Single Effect)
WORKING PRINCIPLE (Single Effect)
Hot water fired Single stage chiller
Steam fired Single Effect chiller
Hot water fired Two stage chiller
WORKING PRINCIPLE (Double Effect)
DFH3 refrigerating principle
DFH2 refrigerating principle
Steam Operated Chiller working principle
直燃型溴化锂吸收式冷热水机组
Direct-fired LiBr Absorption chiller/heater
冷凝器 低压发生器 LP generator
Condenser
高压发生器
蒸发器 HP generator
Evaporator
吸收器
Absorber
燃烧器
Burner
热交换器
Heat
exchange
r
直燃型机组高压发生器 HP Generator
汽包 Refrigerant vapor box 挡液板 Eliminator
防爆门 进液盒
Rupture Solution
disk inlet
排烟口 布液管
Flue Distribution
gas tube
outlet
传热管
Heat transfer
tube
燃烧器 炉膛
Burner furnace
蒸发-吸收器 Evaporator - Absorber
吸收器 挡液板 蒸发器 挡液板 吸收器 冷剂水管
Absorber Eliminator Evaporator Eliminator Absorber
Refrigerant tube
溶液管 Solution 溶液管 Solution
spraying tube spraying tube
吸收器淋板 吸收器淋板
Distribution Distribution plate
plate 蒸发器淋板
Distribution plate
抽气管 Purging
抽气管 tube
Purging tube
吸收器传热管
Heat transfer tube
吸收器传热管
heat transfer tube 冷剂水水盘 Refrigerant
water pan
蒸发器传热管 Heat 闪发蒸汽管 Flashed
transfer tube vapor tube
吸收腔 冷剂水液囊 Refrigerant
water chamber
Absorption
chamber
低发-冷凝器 LP generator - condenser
支撑板Supporting plate 冷凝器
Condenser
低压发生器
LP generator
低发-冷凝器 LP generator - condenser
低压发生器 挡液板 冷凝器 冷凝器传热管
LP generator Eliminator Condenser Heat transfer tube
抽气管
Purging
tube
进液管
Solution inlet
tube
储气室
Non-
低压传热管 condensable
Heat transfer gas box
tube
热交换器 Heat Exchanger
B out 传热管 Heat transfer tube
A in
A out
B in
溴化锂吸收式冷水机组
LiBr Absorption chiller
抽气系统
Purging
system
真空泵
Vacuum
pump 溶液泵 冷剂泵
Solution pump Refrigerant pump
蒸汽双效型溴化锂吸收式冷水机组
Steam operated double effect LiBr absorption chiller
低压发生器
高压发生器 冷凝器
LP Generator
HP Generator Condenser
蒸发器
Evaporator
吸收器
Absorber
热交换器
Heat
exchanger
蒸汽双效型溴化锂吸收式冷水机组
Steam operated double effect LiBr absorption chiller
高压发生器 HP Generator 低压发生器 LP Generator 冷凝器 Condenser
蒸发器
Evaporator
吸收器
Absorber
热交换器
Heat
exchanger
蒸汽双效型机组高压发生器
HP generator of Steam Operated
Double Effect Chiller
高发辅助发生器
汽包 Refrigerant vapor box
Auxiliary generator
蒸汽进口
Steam inlet
浓溶液液囊 液位箱 高发传热管 凝水出口
Strong solution chamber Level indicator Heat exchanger Condensate outlet
YX ---Flue Gas Operated Double Effect Chiller Flow Chart
------Exhaust outlet temperature 170℃
YBX ---Flue Gas Operated Chiller With Burner Flow Chart
------Exhaust outlet temperature 170℃ <40% after burning
YSX—Flue Gas /Steam Operated Chiller Flow Chart
------Exhaust outlet temperature 170℃, steam 0-100%
YRX--Flue Gas /Hot water Operated Chiller Flow Chart
------Exhaust outlet temperature 170 ℃, hot water >88℃
YRBX—Flue Gas /Hot Water Operated Chiller with after Burning
------Exhaust outlet temperature 170℃
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LiBr SOLUTION
PREPARING OF LiBr
SOLUTION
HBr + LiOH LiBr + H2O
2HBr + Li2CO3 2LiBr + H2O + CO2
REQUIREMENTS TO LiBr SOLUTION
Elements Contents
LiBr 50%±0.5%
Li2CrO4 0.1%~0.3%
Alkalinity pH = 9.0~10.5
NH3 < 0.0001%
Ca < 0.001%
Mg < 0.001%
SO42- < 0.02%
Cl- < 0.05%
Ba < 0.001%
Fe < 0.0001%
Cu < 0.0001%
BrO3- No reaction
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LiBr SOLUTION
REQUIREMENTS TO LiBr SOLUTION
LiBr solution has no non-condensable gases, such as CO2, can
contained, and the water, which is used to prepare LiBr solution,
had to be distilled water, or treated by ion exchanger.
2LiOH + CO2 Li2CO3 + H2O
Poor quality LiBr solution will tends to decrease the cooling
capacity of chiller, deviate the crystallization conditions, increase
the corrosive attacks of chiller material and reduce the operation
life of it.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LiBr SOLUTION
CORROSION OF METALS BY LiBr SOLUTION
Fe + H2O + 0.5O2 Fe(OH)2
Fe(OH)2 + 0.5H2O + 0.25O2 Fe(OH)3
4Fe(OH)2 Fe3O4 + Fe + 4H2O
2Cu + 0.5O2 Cu2O
Cu2O + 0.5O2 + 2H2O 2Cu(OH)2
Influence of Corrosion to The Performance of Chiller
1. Corrodes the metals of chiller, and reduces its operation life
2. Corrosion of metals produces non-condensable gas-hydrogen,
which deteriorates the absorption and condensation processes,
leads to decrease the cooling capacity of chiller.
3. The scale and other corrosion products will block spray nozzles
(or holes in the dripping plates) and filter to impair the normal
operation of chiller.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LiBr SOLUTION
THE MEANS AGAINST CORROSION
1. Isolation of Oxygen - The Fundamental Measure against
Corrosion
2. Keep the solution with pH in the limits of 9.0~10.5
3. Add the inhibitor, such as Li2CrO4, Li2MoO4.
4. Keep the solution temperature not higher than 165 ℃
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LiBr SOLUTION
℃
CONCENTRATION OF
LiBr SOLUTION
The solubility is usually
expressed by the mass in gram
solved in 100g of solvent.
Concentration of LiBr solution
means the quantity percentage
of LiBr in the solution.
The solubility of a matter is
dependent to the temperature
conditions.
