D
Properties of Plane Areas
Notation: A area
x, y distances to centroid C
Ix, Iy moments of inertia with respect to the x and y axes, respectively
Ixy product of inertia with respect to the x and y axes
IP Ix Iy polar moment of inertia with respect to the origin of the x and y axes
IBB moment of inertia with respect to axis B-B
1 y Rectangle (Origin of axes at centroid)
b h
x A bh x 2 y
2
h C x
y bh3 hb3 bh
Ix Iy Ixy 0 IP (h2 b2)
12 12 12
b
2 y B Rectangle (Origin of axes at corner)
bh3 hb3 b2h2 bh
Ix Iy Ixy IP (h2 + b2)
3 3 4 3
h
b3h3
O IBB
x 6(b2 h2)
B b
3 y Triangle (Origin of axes at centroid)
c
bh bc h
A x y
x 2 3 3
h
C y x bh3 bh
Ix Iy (b2 bc c2)
36 36
b
bh2 bh
Ixy (b 2c) IP (h2 b2 bc c2)
72 36
891
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892 APPENDIX D Properties of Plane Areas
4 y Triangle (Origin of axes at vertex)
c
B B bh3 bh
Ix Iy (3b2 3bc c2)
12 12
h
bh2 bh3
x
Ixy (3b 2c) IBB
O 24 4
b
5 y Isosceles triangle (Origin of axes at centroid)
bh b h
A x y
x 2 2 3
h
C x bh3 hb3
y Ix Iy Ixy 0
B B 36 48
b bh bh3
IP (4h2 3b2) IBB
144 12
(Note: For an equilateral triangle, h 3 b/2.)
6 y Right triangle (Origin of axes at centroid)
bh b h
x A x 3 y 3
h 2
C y x bh3 hb3 b2h2
B B Ix Iy Ixy
36 36 72
b
bh bh3
IP (h2 b2) IBB
36 12
7 y Right triangle (Origin of axes at vertex)
B B bh3 hb3 b2h2
Ix Iy Ixy
12 12 24
h
bh bh3
IP (h2 b2) IBB
12 4
O x
b
8 y Trapezoid (Origin of axes at centroid)
a
h(a b) h(2a b)
A y
2 3(a b)
h
C y
x h3(a2 4ab b2) h3(3a b)
Ix IBB
B B 36(a b) 12
b
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APPENDIX D Properties of Plane Areas 893
9 y Circle (Origin of axes at center)
d = 2r
pd2 pr 4 pd 4
A pr 2 Ix Iy
r 4 4 64
C x pr4 pd4 5p r 4 5p d 4
Ixy 0 IP IBB
B B 2 32 4 64
10 y Semicircle (Origin of axes at centroid)
pr2 4r
A y
r 2 3p
C
y x
(9p 2 64)r 4 p r4 pr4
B B Ix 0.1098r4 Iy Ixy 0 IBB
72p 8 8
11 y Quarter circle (Origin of axes at center of circle)
pr2 4r
A x y
x 4 3p
B B pr4 r4 (9p 2 64)r 4
C y Ix Iy Ixy IBB 0.05488r4
O x 16 8 144p
r
12 y Quarter-circular spandrel (Origin of axes at point of tangency)
(10 3p)r
B r B p 2r
A 1 r 2 x 0.7766r y 0.2234r
x 4 3(4 p) 3(4 p)
O
C y
x
5p
16
Ix 1 r 4 0.01825r 4
1
p
Iy IBB r 4 0.1370r4
3 16
13 y Circular sector (Origin of axes at center of circle)
x x
a angle in radians (a p/2)
2r sin a
C A ar 2 x r sin a y
3a
a a
y r r4 r4 ar 4
Ix (a sin a cos a) Iy (a sin a cos a) Ixy 0 IP
O x 4 4 2
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894 APPENDIX D Properties of Plane Areas
14 y Circular segment (Origin of axes at center of circle)
a angle in radians (a p/2)
C
y a a
r
A r 2(a sin a cos a)
y
2r
sin3 a
3 a sin a cos a
x r4
O Ix (a sin a cos a 2 sin3 a cos a) Ixy 0
4
r4
Iy (3a 3 sin a cos a 2 sin3 a cos a)
12
y
15 a Circle with core removed (Origin of axes at center of circle)
a angle in radians (a p/2)
r a
b a
a arccos
r
b
r 2 a2 ab
A 2r 2 a
r2
C x
a
b
r4
6 3ab
Ix 3a
r
2ab3
2
r4 r4
ab
Iy a
2 r
2ab3
2
r4 Ixy 0
2a
16 y Ellipse (Origin of axes at centroid)
pa b 3 p ba3
A pab Ix Iy
b 4 4
C x
pab
b Ixy 0 IP (b2 a2)
4
a a
Circumference p[1.5(a b) ab ] (a/3 b a)
4.17b2/a 4a (0 b a/3)
17 y Parabolic semisegment (Origin of axes at corner)
Vertex
x
y = f (x) x2
y f (x) h 1 2
b
h
C 2 bh 3b 2h
y A x y
3 8 5
O x
b
16bh3 2hb3 b2h2
Ix Iy Ixy
105 15 12
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APPENDIX D Properties of Plane Areas 895
18 y Parabolic spandrel (Origin of axes at vertex)
y = f (x)
hx2
x y f (x)
h b2
Vertex
C y bh 3b 3h
O A x y
x 3 4 10
b
bh3 hb3 b2h2
Ix Iy Ixy
21 5 12
19 y Semisegment of nth degree (Origin of axes at corner)
y = f (x)
x xn
y f (x) h 1
bn (n 0)
h
b(n 1)
C n hn
y A bh x y
n1 2(n 2) 2n 1
O x
b 2bh3n3 hb3n b2h2n2
Ix Iy Ixy
3(n 3) 4(n 1)(n 2)
20 y Spandrel of nth degree (Origin of axes at point of tangency)
y = f (x) hx n
y f (x) (n 0)
bn
x h
bh b(n 1) h(n 1)
C A x y
O
y n1 n2 2(2n 1)
x
b bh3 hb3 b2h2
Ix Iy Ixy
3(3n 1) n3 4(n 1)
y
21 Sine wave (Origin of axes at centroid)
4bh ph
A y
h p 8
C y x
B B 8 p 4 32
b b
Ix bh3 0.08659bh3 Iy 3 hb3 0.2412hb3
9p 16 p p
8bh3
Ixy 0 IBB
9p
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896 APPENDIX D Properties of Plane Areas
22 y Thin circular ring (Origin of axes at center)
d = 2r
Approximate formulas for case when t is small
p d 3t
r A 2prt pdt Ix Iy pr 3t
8
C x
pd 3t
t Ixy 0 IP 2pr 3t
4
23 y Thin circular arc (Origin of axes at center of circle)
t Approximate formulas for case when t is small
B B b angle in radians (Note: For a semicircular arc, b p/2.)
C
b b y r sin b
A 2brt y b
r
x
O Ix r 3t(b sin b cos b) Iy r 3t(b sin b cos b)
2b sin2b 1 cos2b
Ixy 0
IBB r 3t
2 b
24 y Thin rectangle (Origin of axes at centroid)
Approximate formulas for case when t is small
b A bt
b
C tb3 tb3 tb3
x
Ix sin2 b Iy cos2 b IBB sin2 b
12 12 3
t
B B
25 Regular polygon with n sides (Origin of axes at centroid)
C centroid (at center of polygon)
A n number of sides (n 3) b length of a side
b B
b central angle for a side a interior angle (or vertex angle)
R1 R2
b
360°
b
n
n2
a 180°
n a b 180°
C
R1 radius of circumscribed circle (line CA) R2 radius of inscribed circle (line CB)
a
b b b b nb2 b
R1 csc R2 cot A cot
2 2 2 2 4 2
Ic moment of inertia about any axis through C (the centroid C is a principal point and
every axis through C is a principal axis)
nb4
192 b
2 b
Ic cot 3cot2 1
2 IP 2Ic
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May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
